Dissertations / Theses: 'Iron deficiency diseases'

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Oti-Boateng, Peggy. "Effects of dietary calcium on intestinal non-haem iron absorption during weaning." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho881.pdf.

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Corrigenda tipped to title page. Bibliography: leaves 313-353. This study investigated the iron status and dietary intakes in 6-24 month old children in Australia and Ghana and assessed the effects of dietary calcium on intestinal iron absorption. The true prevalence of non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and dietary intakes in infants and toddlers from a broad socio-economic background were assessed by haematological and biochemical parameters, semi-quantitative diet recall and anthropometric measurements. The high prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia found in Australian and Ghanaian children can be attributed to the low intake of bioavailable iron in weaning diets which are often ingested with large amounts of calcium. While calcium has been shown to inhibit the absorption of iron, its mechanism of interaction with iron absorption at the intestinal level is not known. The rat was used as an experimental model to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on duodenal iron uptake. The results indicate there is a critical period during weaning when the consumption of high dietary calcium with low iron can retard growth potential. Dietary calcium significantly inhibits non-haem iron absorption at the intracellular level by up-regulating villus enterocyte ferritin concentrations under iron deficiency conditions.

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Oppenheimer, Stephen James. "Iron deficiency and susceptibility to infection : a prospective study of the effects of iron deficiency and iron prophylaxis in infants in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1891d054-1564-47f5-b2e0-b6da5f60e996.

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Investigation of the relationship between iron deficiency, iron supplementation and susceptibility to infection, was suggested by the author's initial observations of an association of anaemia with serious bacterial infections in infancy in Papua New Guinea. The bulk of previous longitudinal clinical intervention studies in infancy showed beneficial effects of iron supplementation. However, defects of control and design and recording in these studies and contradictory anecdotal reports left the question unresolved. A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind trial of iron prophylaxis (3ml intramuscular iron dextran = 150mg Fe) to two month old infants was carried out on the North Coast of Papua New Guinea where there is high transmission of malaria. A literature review, pilot studies, protocol, demography, geography and laboratory methods developed are described. Findings indicate that the placebo control group became relatively iron deficient over the first year of life and that the iron dextran group had adequate, although not excessive iron stores and a higher mean haemoglobin; however, the prevalence and effects of malaria recorded in the field were higher in the iron dextran group. Analysis of field and hospital infectious morbidity in the trial indicated a deleterious association with iron dextran for all causes including respiratory infections (the main single reason for admission). Total duration of hospitalisation was significantly increased in the iron dextran group. Analysis of other factors showed (1) a higher admission rate associated with low weight-for-height recorded at the start of the trial; (2) a significant positive correlation between birth haemoglobin and hospital morbidity rates; (3) increased malaria rates in primiparous mothers of the cohort infants who received iron infusion during pregnancy; (4) lower relative risk of malaria associated with iron prophylaxis in individuals with alpha thalassaemia, which was found to be highly prevalent in this region. In conclusion, it is suggested that policies of iron supplementation, total dose iron injection and routine presumptive iron therapy for anaemia which are widely in practice in malaria endemic areas should be closely reviewed.

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Adish, Abdulaziz A. "Risk factors and an assessment of control strategies for iron deficiency anemia in children in northern Ethiopia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36948.pdf.

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Newhouse, Ian Joseph. "The effects of prelatent and latent iron deficiency on physical work capacity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27470.

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In order to examine the effects of prelatent/latent iron deficiency on physical work capacity and selected muscle enzyme activities, forty female subjects were studied before and after eight weeks of supplementation with either oral iron or a matching placebo. Initially, female volunteers engaged in regular endurance running were screened for iron deficiency by blood analysis (serum ferritin and hemoglobin). Forty non-anemic subjects with deficient iron stores underwent physiological and anthropometric tests to obtain a comprehensive profile. The specific physical work capacity tests were alactic and lactacid power on the Wingate cycle ergometer test, lactacid capacity on the anaerobic speed test, anaerobic (ventilatory) threshold using gas exchange variables, V0₂ max. and the max. treadmill velocity during the V0₂ max. test. Muscle biopsy samples pre-, and post- treatment were assayed for citrate synthase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. Treatment was oral iron supplementation (320 mg ferrous sulfate = 100 mg elemental iron taken as SLOW-Fe® twice a day) or a matching placebo. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups and a double-blind method of administration of the supplements was used. It was hypothesized that work capacity would be enhanced following oral iron supplementation, possibly due to the repletion of iron containing oxidative enzymes important in energy production. Results could not strongly support this hypothesis with the difference between the two groups on the work capacity and enzyme activity variables being statistically nonsignificant. Serum ferritin values rose from a mean of 12.4+4.5 to 37.7+19.7 ngml⁻¹ for the experimental group and 12.2±4.3 to 17.2±8.9 for the controls; (p=0.0025). Hemoglobin levels remained fairly constant for both treatment groups; 13.4±0.6 to 13.5±0.5 gdl⁻¹ (experimental), and 13.0±0.6 to 13.1+0.5 (control); (p=0.6). Pre to post values on the work capacity variables, experimental vs control respectively were: Alactic power, 8.8 to 8.4 watts-kg⁻¹ body wt. vs 8.4 to 8.2; lactacid capacity, 6.9 to 6.9 watts-kg⁻¹ body wt. vs 7.0 to 6.0; anaerobic speed test, 41.3 to 45.1 seconds vs 43.7 to 44.8; anaerobic threshold, 7.4 to 7.5 mileshour⁻¹ vs 7.2 to 7.2; V0₂ max, 51.3 to 52.7 ml-kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ vs 50.6 to 50.6; max velocity during V0₂ max, 9.8 to 9.8 mileshour⁻¹ vs 9.6 to 9.5. Except for alactic power, the change in work capacity favored the iron treated group. Noting this trend, further study may be warranted. Prelatent/latent iron deficiency appeared not to depress the activities of the two enzymes measured. Cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity rose from 0.066 to 0.085 units for the experimental group (p=.58) vs .058 to .066 for the control group and citrate synthase activity changed from 0.047 to 0.048 (experimental) vs 0.039 to 0.042 (control). It can be concluded that eight weeks of iron supplementation to prelatent/latent iron deficient, physically active females does not significantly enhance work capacity nor the activity of 2 oxidative muscle enzymes (citrate synthase and cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase). Within the limitations of this study the presence of a serum ferritin below 20 ng-ml⁻¹ does not pose a significant handicap to anaerobic or aerobic capacity.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate

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Harding, Scott V. "Evaluation of the iron, antioxidant and dietary status of iron supplemented breastfed healthy infants /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,160317.

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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.

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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).

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Amarakoon, Amarakoon Rajapakse Wasala Mohotti Mudiyanselage Darshika. "Iron Biofortification Potential of Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26518.

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Iron (Fe) deficiency affects more than 3 billion of the global population. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the genetic and environmental variation of seed Fe concentration and food matrix factors that govern Fe bioavailability in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in North Dakota, USA in 2010 and 2011, and (2) determine the genetic variation of Fe uptake by field pea grown under greenhouse conditions with different Fe treatments. Seed Fe concentration in field pea samples from the field study ranged between 46-53 mg/kg with a mean of 51 mg/kg. Mean concentrations of the food matrix factors in those field peas were as follows: phytic acid=5.1 mg/g, xanthophyll=17.3 mg/100 g, canthaxanthin=86.8 mg/100 g, beta-carotene=516.8 ?g/100 g, kestose=1697 mg/100g, quercetin=54.3 mg/100 g, and ferulic acid=46.9 mg/100 g. DS Admiral and CDC Golden showed high concentrations of Fe promoter compounds and low concentrations of phytic acid. DS Admiral showed high Fe uptake with increasing Fe fertilizer rates in the greenhouse study. Therefore, DS Admiral and CDC Golden could be potential field pea genotypes for future Fe biofortification efforts.

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Sinclair, Lisa M. "Effect of iron supplementation on endurance performance in iron deficient trained males and females /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422965.

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Verrall, Tanya Christine. "Preventing iron deficiency anemia : communication strategies to promote iron nutrition for at-risk infants in northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85102.

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A sustainable primary prevention strategy for infant iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was implemented and evaluated in a community with at-risk infants in northern Quebec, Canada. Communication strategies were used to promote iron-rich complementary food rather than iron-fortified formula, which can interfere with breastfeeding practice. This food-based approach has been successfully implemented in developing countries, but has not been applied in an industrialized country setting.
Mass media (i.e., radio dialogues, key messages, print material, point-of-purchase grocery store display) and interpersonal (i.e., homemade baby food cooking activity) communication strategies were developed in collaboration with community members and implemented in partnership with an existing community program. Reach and exposure of the strategies were measured using a questionnaire administered to a post-intervention sample (n = 45). Sales of promoted iron-rich infant food were examined pre- and post-intervention period. A repeat cross-sectional design was used for the impact evaluation. Two groups of mothers with infants, aged 7-10 months at Time 1 (n = 32) and Time 2 (n = 22) were interviewed. Outcome variables were infants' total iron and complementary food iron intakes measured by two 24-hour recalls. Secular trends in infants' hemoglobin values and milk type consumption were examined in the study community and two comparison communities.
Multiple communication channels increased awareness of IDA and influenced self-reported use of iron-rich infant food. Iron-rich infant food sales increased from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.05). Complementary food intake iron increased between Time 1 (3.2 +/- 0.8 mg) and Time 2 (4.4 +/- 1.1 mg) (p < 0.05). The proportion of infants with anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) significantly decreased from the period before (37.2%) to during (14.3%) the intervention (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found for this variable within the comparison communities. The proportion of infants receiving iron-fortified formula in the study community did not differ between Time 1 and Time 2, but increased from Time 1 (55%) to Time 2 (73%) (p < 0.05) in the comparison communities, indicating an erosion of breastfeeding practice.
These results suggest the effectiveness of communication strategies to improve infant iron nutrition in a community with good access to iron-rich infant food. The potential for this strategy in other communities warrants further investigation.

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Durrett, Timothy P. "Understanding Arabidopsis ion homeostasis in the post-genomic era assigning function to two proteins involved in iron metabolism /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4437.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 27, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Neumann, Suzanne. "Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency anemia among infants residing in inner-city Montréal." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97980.

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To assess the prevalence of anemia, we surveyed 10 to 14 month old infants of families with heterogeneous socio-economic backgrounds from four regions of inner-city Montreal. Capillary blood was drawn to measure hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum ferritin (SF). A home-visit questionnaire assessed infant feeding practices and potential confounding variables. In the overall sample, the prevalence was 14.3% for anemia (Hb≥110 g/L), 9.4% for iron deficiency (SF≤10 mug/L), and 4.3% for iron deficiency anemia (SF≤10 mug/L and Hb≤110 g/L or MCV≤72 fL). There were no significant differences in iron status indices between socio-economic subgroups. Protectors of anemia determined through logistic regression analysis were introduction of cow's milk at or following 9 months of age (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.056 to 0.540]) and breastfeeding for 6 months or less (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.086 to 0.637]). Our results suggest that important health inequalities relating to anemia do not currently exist among infants residing in Montreal.

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Waters, Brian M. "Iron nutrition in plants and yeast : studies on the FRO1 gene of Pisum sativum and the FET4 gene of Sacharomyces [sic] cerevisiae /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060158.

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Podrebarac, Frances Ann. "The Relative Nitrogen Fixation Rate and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Iron Deficient Soybeans." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29600.

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Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) are a symbiont of two beneficial associations: biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Within the Northern Great Plains of the USA, iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) of soybean is a yield-limiting factor. The effects of IDC on BNF and AMF are not well defined. This study was conducted to determine the effects of IDC on BNF and AMF. A laboratory study was performed to compare three methods of measuring ureide-N, a product of BNF in soybeans. Field studies in soybean were performed at three locations at eastern N011h Dakota. The experimental design was a factorial combination of three cultivars and three treatments. The three cultivars, in order of decreasing chlorosis susceptibility, were NuTech NT-0886, Roughrider Genetics RG 607, and Syngenta S01-C9 RR. The three treatments were control, Sorghum bicolor L. companion crop planted with the soybean seed, and FeEDDHA applied with the soybean seed. Chlorosis severity was the greatest and least for the NuTech and Syngenta cultivars, respectively. The FeEDDHA treatment decreased chlorosis severity. Ureide levels were abnormally high in plants severely stunted by JDC. The excess accumulation of ureides in IDC-stunted plants suggests that plant growth was reduced more than the rate of nitrogen fixation. The AMF population \vas at an adequate level at all locations and not affected by cultivar or treatment, in general. In the laboratory study, the Patterson et al. method had greater ureide concentrations due to the non-specific measuring of ammonium compounds compared to the Vogels and Van der Drift and Goos methods.
North Dakota Soybean Council

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Nielsen, Kim. "The effects of iron deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68228.

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The aim of this research was to determine the influence of iron deficiency on both the efficacy and metabolic patterns of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anthelmintic efficacy was markedly decreased in iron-deficient mice; the deficiency was also associated with a decrease in body weight, altered hematological parameters and a decreased net egg output; worm establishment in the deficient group was not affected by the deficiency. Although anthelmintic efficacy was significantly decreased by the iron deficiency, plasma concentration profiles of the main metabolites, albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone, were not changed by the deficiency. Levels of intestinal cytochrome P-450, the main metabolizing enzyme of albendazole however, was significantly depressed in iron-deficient mice. These observations suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by iron deficiency, nutritional status has the potential to influence anthelmintic efficacy and thus warrants further study.

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Luo, Alice, Joseph Maguire, Manisha Nukavarapu, and Ashokkumar Gaba. "Peeling away the layers to anemia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/95.

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Anemia is a significant public health issue that affects a great number of people in developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization states when the Hb value is/dL in an adult male and/dL in a nonpregnant female, the individual is considered as anemic. Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia. Inadequate intake of iron, chronic blood loss, and/or a combination of both factors typically lead to iron deficiency anemia. In developed countries, chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecological sources are the most common etiologies of iron deficiency anemia. Although there are reports of iron deficiency anemia leading to self-inflicted skin excoriation, there are few cases of chronic blood loss from skin excoriation resulting in severe iron deficiency anemia. We present a 49 year old female with significant past medical history of depression, anxiety and chronic back pain who presented after she was found to have profound anemia with hemoglobin of 4.1g/dl. During interviewing, she denied hematuria, hemoptysis, hematochezia, and had been without menstrual cycles for the past year. Urinalysis was negative for blood as well as two documented negative fecal occult blood tests. Iron studies completed showed severely reduced iron levels. Upon further interviewing, the patient reported a supposedly self-diagnosed keratin disorder. For the past ten years she has been self-treating the keratin disorder by applying topical tretinoin and then wrapping it in saran wrap. She would then peel off areas of skin over multiple areas of her body including all extremities and her face. Multiple pictures of bloody piles of tissue were shown. The patient required 3 units of packed red blood cells and was started on iron supplementation. Gastroenterology was consulted and agreed there was no GI source of her blood loss. Psychiatry further evaluated the patient and diagnosed her with obsessive-compulsive disorder with somatic delusions. The prevalence of anemia among chronic psychiatric patients is more frequent than general population. This coexistence deteriorates the quality of life of the patients, prolongs the psychiatric treatment period, and could even cause an increase in morbidity and mortality. Treatment-related factors, drugs taken, physical conditions, negative lifestyle habits, and nutritional disorders are the reasons for anemia among chronic psychiatric patients. Even though iron deficiency anemia in developed country is most often caused by chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecological causes, it is important to evaluate for other factors when none of these are present. Psychiatric causes when warranted from history including somatic delusions from obsessive-compulsive disorder should be considered on the differential when other etiologies are less clear.

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Cardoso, Rafael Silva. "Avaliação do impacto hematológico na dinâmica do ferro em doadores de sangue submetidos à coleta automatizada de células- aférese, de duplo concentrado de hemácias do hemonúcleo de um hospital oncológico." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144404.

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Orientador: Elenice Deffune
Banca: Rosana Rossi Ferreira
Banca: André Filadelpho
Resumo: Trata-se de um trabalho do tipo coorte para avaliar a espoliação dos depósitos de ferro em doadores de sangue. Sabendo-se que um percentual expressivo da população brasileira é portadora de ferro deficiência, e tendo em vista as inovações tecnológicas envolvendo os processos hemoterápicos este projeto teve como objetivo a avaliação da dinâmica de ferro com o monitoramento de parâmetros tais como: hematócrito, hemoglobina, dosagem de ferro e ferritina pré transfusionais e quatro meses após a doação, em quatro diferentes grupos de estudo:A,C,Ce D. Foi feita pelo teste ANOVA simples e para as variáveis sem distribuição normal pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Kruskal Wallis, teste T-Pareado e Wilcoxon. No primeiro momento de análise (M1), com análise intra-grupos, as variações estatísticas foram presentes apenas nos parâmetros de Hb (p. 0,017), onde as variações estiveram presentes quando comparados os grupos A x D (p. 0,034) e C x D (p. 0,028) e Ht (p. <0,01) onde as variações estiveram presentes quando comparados os grupos A x D (p. 0,034) e C x D (p. 0,028). No segundo momento de análise (M2) foi identificada diferença entre os grupos, entretanto, devido à baixa significância estatística não foi possível identificar a diferença exata por grupo. Quando comparado entre os momentos um e dois- (M1 x M2) foi identificado redução da média de todos os parâmetros para os grupos A, B e C, significância estatística para o parâmetro de hemoglobina para todos os gru... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: It is a work of the cohort to evaluate the plundering of iron deposits in blood donors. Knowing that a significant percentage of the population is disabled iron, and in view of the technological innovations involving haemotherapic processes this project aimed to evaluate the iron dynamics with the monitoring of parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron dosing and pre transfusion ferritin months after the donation, in four different study groups: A, B, C and D. Statistical analyses was made by ANOVA and simple test for variables without normal distribution using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test, Paired t-test and Wilcoxon. At first analysis (M1) and intra-group analysis, statistical variations were present only in Hb parameters (p. 0.017), where variations were present when comparing the x groups D (p. 0.034) and C x D (p. 0028) and HT (p. <0.01) in which variations were present when comparing the groups D x (p. 0.034) and C x D (p. 0028). In the second stage of analysis (M2) was identified differences between the groups, however, due to the low statistical significance was not possible to identify the exact difference per group. When compared between one and two- moments (M1 and M2) was identified reduction in the average of all parameters for groups A, B and C for the statistical significance hemoglobin parameter for all groups and significance for the parameter Ferritin except for the B group, which is the only one that showed improvement in optimization of parameters except hemoglobin. Blood donation decreases hemoglobin levels in the short and medium term blood donors when compared in two stages with 4 months apart; for the indicator hematocrit and determination of serum iron there was a decrease of the indices was statistically significant only for the group A (individuals who had never donated before); as the suggestion in... (Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre

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Willows, Noreen D. "Anemia in James Bay Cree infants of northern Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0035/NQ64693.pdf.

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Massawe, Siriel Nanzia. "Anaemia in women of reproductive age in Tanzania : A study in Dar es Salaam." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5308-2/.

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Elwood, P. C. "Studies on byssinosis, iron deficiency and heart disease." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403235.

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Alemán, Mercedes. "Strategies to improve the oxidative stability of bakery products fortified with heme iron." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283545.

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Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional issue worldwide. The fortification of food products could help covering the iron requirements, mainly in certain population groups where prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is high because its amount in the diet is poor and/or presents low bioavailability. In this regard it is worth to mention that the population groups with higher prevalence of iron deficiency are both women at childbearing age and children. However, iron fortification should take into account several variables that determine its effectiveness being the bioavailability of the iron form used and its interaction with the matrix the most crucial ones. The aim of this thesis is to obtain a fortified food product with a high bioavailable iron while being accepted by consumers and stable towards oxidation. In this regard, a sandwich-type cookie filled with a chocolate cream has been selected as example of heme iron fortification in bakery products. The presence of chocolate, apart from making the food product to be more appealing to children, may help disguise the intense colour of the heme iron ingredient, which is intended to be used for its high bioavailability. Since palm oil is widely used in the manufacture of biscuits, cakes and pastries, it is planned to previously study those strategies that minimize oxidation in a model based on palm oil fortified with heme iron before these are employed in the final food products. By means of this model, we assessed the efficacy of the following strategies: the addition of antioxidants; the heme iron ingredient encapsulation and the combination of both strategies. The strategies that were shown to be efficient in this fortified palm oil model were further assessed on sandwich-type chocolate cookies fortified with heme iron. In these cookies and over a period of one year of storage in the dark at room temperature, the oxidative stability and consumers’ overall acceptability has been studied By combining the two strategies, the addition of an antioxidant (ascorbyl palmitate) and the encapsulation of heme iron by co-spray-drying it with calcium caseinate, the cookies were oxidative stable and accepted by consumers over one year of storage at room temperature in the dark.
La deficiencia en hierro es la deficiencia nutricional con más prevalencia a nivel mundial. El fortalecimiento de productos alimenticios con hierro puede contribuir a cubrir las necesidades diarias de este elemento, sobre todo en determinadas poblaciones donde la prevalencia de esta deficiencia es elevada debido a que su cantidad en las dietas es pobre y/o presenta una baja biodisponibilidad. Cabe destacar que los grupos con mayor prevalencia de deficiencia en hierro son las mujeres en edad fértil y niños. Sin embargo, el fortalecimientos de alimentos con hierro debe tener en cuenta diversas variables que condicionan su efectividad, siendo la biodisponibilidad del hierro y su interacción con la matriz alimentaria las más cruciales. El objetivo que se plantea en esta tesis es conseguir un producto rico en hierro altamente biodisponible que presente una buena aceptabilidad y estabilidad oxidativa. Dentro de los productos de galletería/ bollería, se escoge una galleta rellena de chocolate como ejemplo de fortalecimiento en hierro hémico por su difusión y simplicidad. El chocolate, aparte de hacer el producto más apetecible a la población infantil y juvenil, permite enmascarar el color del ingrediente de hierro hémico que se pretende utilizar por su elevada biodisponibilidad. Dado que la manteca de palma es ampliamente utilizada en la elaboración de productos de galletería y bollería, se plantea, previamente, estudiar aquellas estrategias que permitan minimizar la oxidación en un modelo basado en manteca de palma fortalecida con hierro hémico. Mediante este modelo se han contemplado las siguientes estrategias: la eficacia de la adición de antioxidantes, la encapsulación del ingrediente de hierro hémico y la combinación de ambas. Las estrategias que resultaron ser más eficaces en este modelo fueron posteriormente estudiadas en galletas tipo sándwich rellenas de chocolate fortalecidas con hierro hémico. En el producto desarrollado a lo largo de un año de almacenamiento en la oscuridad a temperatura ambiente, se ha estudiado su estabilidad oxidativa y su grado de aceptación por parte de los consumidores. Gracias a la combinación de ambas estrategias, la adición de un antioxidante (palmitato de ascorbilo) y la encapsulación del hierro hémico por co-atomización de éste con caseinato de calcio, se ha obtenido un producto de galletería fortalecido con hierro altamente biodisponible estable frente a la oxidación y que a su vez ha sido aceptado por los consumidores a lo largo de un año de almacenamiento.

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Mekki, Nadia. "Evaluation du statut en fer de populations d'enfants parisiens presumes bien portants, ages de 10 mois, 2 ans et 4 ans." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066414.

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Frise, Matthew. "Iron deficiency and human hypoxia physiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a6cbaa64-eed4-43db-8a2f-2826e6bbd249.

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This thesis is concerned with a very common disorder of iron homeostasis: iron deficiency. The specific focus is the manner in which iron deficiency influences physiological responses to hypoxia in humans. This work is predicated on observations made over many decades in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that variations in the bioavailability of iron have important consequences for certain biological processes known to depend on oxygen availability. Three separate but related studies together form the basis for this thesis. The first two, Study A and Study B, adopt a similar approach in recruiting healthy volunteers who differ according to iron status, yielding iron-deficient and iron-replete groups in both cases. In Study A, the behaviour of the pulmonary circulation is investigated during a sustained hypoxic exposure, before and after an intravenous infusion of iron. In Study B, skeletal muscle metabolism is explored, both at the level of high-energy phosphate metabolism and the integrated physiological responses to exercise on a cycle ergometer. In the third study, Study C, a different approach is taken, recruiting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and exploring the prevalence and associations of iron deficiency in this condition. Chapters 2 and 3 describe experiments using sustained hypoxia in a normobaric chamber, during which the pulmonary circulation is assessed non-invasively using Doppler echocardiography. These reveal augmented hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in iron-deficient individuals, who also exhibit greater sensitivity to the effects of an infusion of intravenous iron. Additionally, the way in which certain circulating mediators important for iron haemostasis change over the course of these hypoxic exposures, and how iron status influences these responses, is explored. Chapter 4 reports the findings of experiments using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which demonstrate abnormal whole-body metabolism in iron-deficient individuals during large muscle-mass exercise, despite the absence of a clear defect in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Intravenous iron is found to have significant effects to alter the lactate threshold in healthy individuals, but the effects are more striking in iron-deficient individuals. Collectively, these experiments imply that iron deficiency promotes a more glycolytic phenotype. Chapter 5 explores iron deficiency in COPD, a condition in which pulmonary vascular disease, hypoxia and skeletal muscle dysfunction coexist, and examines some of the difficulties in assessing iron status in the setting of a chronic inflammatory disorder. Iron deficiency is found to be common, and unexpectedly associated with significantly more severe hypoxaemia, in patients with COPD. Possible reasons for these findings, and their clinical implications, are considered. Chapter 6 provides a summary of the main conclusions to be drawn from the studies presented in this thesis.

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Jordão, Regina Esteves 1981. "Anemia ferropriva em lactentes no Municipio de Campinas-SP." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308315.

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Orientador: Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A anemia por deficiência de ferro é a mais comum das carências nutricionais e o resultado de um longo período de balanço negativo entre a quantidade de ferro biologicamente disponível e sua necessidade orgânica. É considerado um problema de saúde pública devido à sua alta prevalência deixando a criança vulnerável a infecções. Nos menores de dois anos, o consumo alimentar pobre em ferro associado ao desmame precoce pode contribuir para a anemia nesta faixa etária. Com o intuito de verificar a prevalência de anemia por meio de revisão sistemática foi feito levantamento dos estudos de prevalência nacional da doença em menores de 5 anos e levando-se em consideração a introdução de alimentos complementares avaliou-se, de maneira transversal, 354 crianças de 6 a 12 meses de idade. Para a coleta de dados sobre a alimentação complementar e condições sócio econômicas da população estudada, foi feita entrevista domiciliar, sendo aplicado um questionário por profissionais da saúde devidamente treinados, com a mãe da criança e ao final, realizada a coleta sanguínea capilar do lactente, para dosagem de hemoglobina. Foram consideradas anêmicas concentrações de hemoglobina inferiores a 11 g/dL. Dos lactentes estudados 66,46% apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina menores que 11 g/dL. O consumo alimentar pobre em ferro associado à inadequada introdução de alimentos podem ser considerados fatores associados a anemia. Estas informações alertam para que possamos direcionar, com maior precisão, os programas de prevenção e de combate desta enfermidade no município e que é necessário pesquisas com base populacional. Termos de Indexação: Anemia. Alimentação complementar. Lactente. Deficiência de ferro. Prevalência. Ferro
Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency and it is due to the negative balance between the amount of biological disposable iron and the organic needs of this oligoelement in a long time. It is a public health problem because of its high prevalence can leave the child vulnerable to infections. The low iron dietary intake and the early weaning in children less than two years of age can be a determinant factor for the high anemia prevalence. A systematic review was conducted in the electronic databases to verify the national prevalence of anemia associated with the introduction of complementary food in children less than five years of old. A cross-sectional survey of a randomized sample of newborns was carried out where 354 mothers of infants from 6 to 12 months were interviewed by training health profissionals in order to obtain information on socioeconomic status and the introduction of complementary food. A drop of blood was collected at the end of interviews for measuring hemoglobin. Anemia was considered when concentrations were below to 11g/dL. 66,46% of the children showed hemoglobin lower than 11 g/dL. The low iron status in the normal dietary intakes associated with the inadequate introduction of complementary food can be considered one of the most importants factors in the developing of anemia. The results of the present study helps us to define more effective interventions in relation to prevention and treatment of anemia in the city and it would be interesting surveys with populational basis. Kew words: Anemia. Complementary food. Infant. Iron deficiency. Prevalence. Iron
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

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Moraleda, Redecilla Cinta. "Contribución de la anemia y de la exposición al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana a la morbi-mortalidad infantil en África." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298467.

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INTRODUCCIÓN Cada año mueren en el mundo más de 6 millones de niños menores de 5 años. Cerca del 50% en África subsahariana. Mejorar el conocimiento de patologías como la anemia y la exposición perinatal al VIH, que tienen un peso relevante pero poco reconocido en la mortalidad infantil, podría ayudar a reducir estas muertes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Para determinar la etiología de anemia en Mozambique, profundizar en la etiopatogenia de la anemia asociada a malaria y determinar el mejor marcador serológico para el diagnóstico de ferropenia, se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles, siendo los casos 443 niños preescolares hospitalizados con anemia (concentración de Hb < 11gr/dl) y los controles comunitarios 289 niños sin anemia. Para evaluar el impacto de la exposición perinatal al VIH sobre la morbilidad y los parámetros hematológicos e inmunológicos de los niños mozambiqueños expuestos pero no infectados (ENI) se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en el que se evaluaron 158 lactantes (menores de 1 año) ENI y 160 lactantes no expuestos al VIH a los 1, 3, 9 y 12 meses después del nacimiento. Además se registraron todas las visitas al servicio de emergencia y los ingresos. Los niños ENI recibieron cotrimoxazol profiláctico. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN La desnutrición, la malaria, la infección por VIH y la deficiencia de hierro fueron los principales factores asociados a anemia en esta población, y a los que deberían ir dirigidas las políticas de prevención de anemia. La hemozoína en la médula ósea puede tener un papel en la patogénesis de la anemia asociada a la malaria mediante una eritropoyesis ineficaz, lo que debería tenerse en cuenta en el desarrollo de fármacos para prevenir y tratar la anemia asociada a malaria. La anemia grave y la diseritropoyesis se asociaron con una mayor presencia de gametocitos maduros en médula ósea. Los niños anémicos infectados por P. falciparum presentaron una alta prevalencia de gametocitos inmaduros en médula ósea, lo que debería tenerse en cuenta al desarrollar estrategias de prevención de la malaria basadas en la erradicación de portadores de gametocitos. Utilizando los depósitos de hierro en la médula ósea de los niños anémicos como gold standard se identificó que el índice de receptor de transferrina-ferritina ajustado por la proteína C reactiva era el mejor marcador sérico para el diagnóstico de ferropenia en la población de estudio, aunque se confirma la necesidad de marcadores más precisos, especialmente en poblaciones con alta prevalencia de infecciones. Los niños ENI presentaron más anemia, menor %CD4 y mayor %CD8 comparado con los niños no expuestos. Ambos grupos presentaron medias similares de células T-CD8 y CD4 naive, memoria y activadas al mes de vida. Los niños ENI nacidos de madres con cargas virales >5 log10 copias/ml tuvieron menor %CD8 naive y mayor %CD8 memoria. Esto sugiere que la exposición a una carga viral materna alta aumenta el riesgo de los niños de tener alteraciones en las poblaciones de células T. Los niños ENI presentaron menor número de consultas al servicio de emergencias, seguramente por el uso rutinario de cotrimoxazol profiláctico, lo que apoya la continuación de esta profilaxis en este grupo. CONCLUSIONES La anemia y la exposición perinatal al VIH son patologías relevantes en Mozambique en niños pequeños. La prevención de las principales etiologías de la anemia identificadas en este trabajo podría disminuir la anemia y la morbi-mortalidad asociada a la misma. La mejora en las políticas de prevención de la trasmisión vertical del VIH podría disminuir las consecuencias del VIH materno en los niños ENI, y la continuación del uso de cotrimoxazol profiláctico en estos niños podría disminuir su morbilidad.
More than 6 million of children under 5 years die worldwide each year. Almost 50% are in sub-Saharan Africa. Improve the knowledge of pathologies as anemia and perinatal exposure to HIV, which are important but neglected, could be a way to reduce these deaths. In order to evaluate the main etiologies of anemia, improve the knowledge of the physiopathology of malarial-anemia and determine the best serological biomarker of iron deficiency, a case-control study of 443 preschool hospitalized children with anemia (hemoglobin concentration <11g/dl) and 289 community controls without anemia in Mozambique was performed. To evaluate the impact of the HIV exposure in the morbidity and hematological and immunological profiles of children HIV exposed uninfected (HEU), 158 HEU and 160 unexposed Mozambican infants were evaluated at 1, 3, 9, and 12 months post-delivery. Undernutrition, iron deficiency, malaria, and HIV are main etiologies related to anemia in Mozambican preschool children. Effective programs for the prevention of these conditions need to be reinforced. Hemozoin in the bone marrow has a role in the pathogenesis of malarial-anemia through ineffective erythropoiesis. Severe anemia and dyserythropoiesis were independently associated with a higher prevalence of mature gametocytes in bone marrow. Transferrin-ferritin index ratio adjusted by C-reactive protein was the best serological iron deficiency biomarker. HEU children were more frequently anemic, had poorer nutritional status, and alterations in some immunological profiles compared with unexposed children. Infant naïve and activated CD8 T-cells were associated with high maternal HIV-RNA load at delivery, so exposure to elevated maternal HIV-RNA puts the infant at higher risk of having early T-cell abnormalities. HEU infants had reduced incidence of outpatient visits. Prophylactic cotrimoxazol used in a routine way in HEU infants may explain their reduced morbidity. These findings reinforce continuation of cotrimoxazol prophylaxis. Anemia and perinatal HIV exposure are important pathologies in preschool children in Mozambique. Prevention of the main causes of anemia identified in this thesis should reduce anemia and the morbidity and mortality related to it. Similarly, improvement of HIV prevention mother-to-child-transmission programs would reduce the negative health impact of HIV exposure in HEU children. Cotrimoxazol prophylaxis could improve these children’s health.

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Persson, Viveka. "Vitamin A Intake, Status and Improvement Using the Dietary Approach : Studies of Vulnerable Groups in Three Asian Countries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5106-3/.

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Rostami, Soheil. "Characterization of a putative TonB deficient Porphyromonas gingivalis mutant." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3492.

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Porphorymonas gingivalis is one of the major bacterial pathogens responsible for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The bacterium requires hemin uptake for its growth and has developed sophisticated mechanisms to extract hemin from hemin containing proteins in the oral cavity. Hemin first binds to receptors on the surface of P. gingivalis and is then taken up in an energy dependent manner. TonB is an inner membrane bound protein that spans the periplasm and is believed to be involved in the passage of hemin through the double membrane of P. gingivalis. However, the TonB protein in P. gingivalis is yet to be identified. We identified PG0785 as a possible P. gingivalis TonB based on its bioinformatics data showing similarity to other known TonB proteins. We generated a P. gingivalis mutant lacking a functional PG0785 and then characterized the mutant to determine the role of PG0785. We performed metal content and protease assays, virulence studies and transcriptional and translational analysis of our mutant and wild type P. gingivalis strains. Phenotypic studies showed that the mutant cannot accumulate hemin on its surface. The mutant has significantly lower levels of iron compared to wild type based on metal content assays. The mutant also has significantly lower protease activity compared to the wild type. Virulence studies showed that the mutant interacted and invaded eukaryotic cells at much lower levels than the wild type. These results allowed us to speculate that PG0785 is very important in binding of hemin to surface of P. gingivalis. PG0785 also plays an important role in iron uptake, protease activity and virulence of P. gingivalis. Transcriptional and translational analyses have shown that numerous TonB related genes, metal uptake genes, hemin uptake genes and genes related to virulence have been differentially regulated in the mutant lacking a functional PG0785 gene compared to the wild type strain. In conclusion we believe that based on our results PG0785 is a putative P. gingivalis TonB protein that plays a significant role in the biology of P. gingivalis.

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Almeida, Ana Laura Maciel. "Declínio cognitivo na doença renal crônica (DRC): influências da deficiência de ferro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1329.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Declínio cognitivo (DC) é comum no paciente com doença renal crônica (DRC), podendo impactar desfavoravelmente na qualidade de vida e na aderência medicamentosa. Vários fatores contribuem para o DC na DRC, sendo a deficiência de ferro, comum em pacientes com diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG), uma delas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a deficiência de ferro se associa com o DC em paciente com DRC não dialítico. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes não idosos com DRC pré-dialítica através de avaliação laboratorial, triagem cognitiva completa (um teste de rastreio de cognição global: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e bateria de testes de memória, atenção, velocidade de processamento, fluência verbal e funções executivas), escalas de sono (Escala de Sonolência Diurna de Epworth, Questionário Clínico de Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono de Berlin, Questionário de cinco perguntas de sintomas de Pernas Inquietas), depressão (Inventário de depressão de Beck, Mini-Plus para Episódio Depressivo Maior (DSM-IV) e funcionalidade (Questionário de Atividades Funcionais de Pfeffer). RESULTADOS: O DC, avaliado pelo Montreal Cognitive Assessment (ajustado para escolaridade) foi identificado em 59,3% dos pacientes, e se relacionou com hemoglobina <11,0 g/dL, ferritina <100 ng/mL, saturação da transferrina <20%, com anos de escolaridade, depressão e com a diminuição da TFG. Adicionalmente, observou-se frequência aumentada de sintomas de apnéia obstrutiva do sono (76,9%), de pernas inquietas e sonolência diurna (35,2%) e sintomas depressivos avaliados pelo BDI (34,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes não idosos com DRC pré-dialítica avaliados, o DC e os sintomas depressivos foram frequentes e, em parte, explicado por níveis inadequados da reserva de ferro e de hemoglobina.
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive decline (CD) is common in chronic kidney patients, yet little investigated. Several factors contribute to such decline, with iron deficiency being a frequent and treatable occurrence, with an impact on quality of life and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether iron deficiency influences cognitive decline in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional evaluation of 54 patients was performed, including laboratory evaluation, complete cognitive screening, and sleep, depression and functionality scales. RESULTS: There was an increased frequency of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms (76.9%), restless legs and daytime sleepiness (35.2%) and depressive symptoms (BDI) (34.7%). The screening test with the highest significance was the MoCA (59.3%), even after the scores were adjusted regarding the level of schooling, as it is associated with ferritin<100ng/mL, with hemoglobin <11g/dL and transferrin saturation <20%, as well as with the level of schooling, depression and loss of kidney function. CONCLUSION: CD and depressive symptoms were frequent and partially explained by inadequate levels of iron and hemoglobin.

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Prats, Valencia Merche. "Carboximaltosa férrica en el tratamiento de la anemia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica prediálisis: factores predictores de respuesta y efecto sobre la inflamación, moléculas de adhesión y metabolismo mineral óseo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/351953.

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l tractament amb ferro ev pot provocar inflamació, lesió endotelial i hipofosforèmia, i no està ben establert els possibles factors predictors de resposta a aquest tractament. La carboximaltosa fèrrica (CMF) per les seves característiques estructurals i estabilitat podria induïr menor toxicitat. Objectiu: Avaluar l´eficàcia de la CMF en pacients amb malaltia renal crònica prediàlisi ( MRC-P), analitzar els factors predictors de resposta i el seu efecte sobre la inflamació, molècules d´adhesió i metabolisme mineral ossi. Material i mètodes: Es van incloure 47 pacients amb MRC-P i anèmia per dèficit de ferro als que se´ls administrà una dosi de 1 gram de CMF, es va avaluar el seu efecte de forma aguda, ales 3 setmanes i 3 mesos sobre els nivells de hemoglobina, ferritina, IST, PCR, interleuquina 6, ICAM, VCAM, calci, fòsfor, PTH, 1-25 dihidroxivitamina D i FGF 23 c-terminal, i es van analitzar diversos factors predictors de resposta incloent marcadors d´oxidació ( LDL oxidada, grups carbonil, SODE, GPX i catalasa eritrocitàries). Resultats: Els nivells d´ hemoglobina, ferritina i IST augmentaren de forma significativa i un 72% dels pacients foren considerats responedors (increments de Hb >1 g/dL). La GPX va ser l´únic factor predictiu de resposta al tractament amb CMF. No es van apreciar canvis significatius en els marcadors inflamatoris o endotelials. Els nivells de fòsfor i FGF23 c-terminal van disminuir significativament i es van mantenir baixos als 3 mesos del tractament, sense observar-se modificacions en els altres paràmetres del metabolisme ossi mineral. Conclusions: Un 72% dels pacients amb MRC-P responen a la CMF, i la GPX té un valor predictiu en la resposta a aquest tractament. La CMF no té efecte ni modifica els nivells de molècules d´ahesió endotelial. Aquesta molècula de ferro provoca hipofosforèmia i un descens dels nivells de FGF 23 c-terminal que persisteixen als 3 mesos del tractament.
El tratamiento con hierro ev puede provocar inflamación, lesión endotelial e hipofosforemia, y no está bien establecido los posibles factores predictores de respuesta a este tratamiento. La carboximaltosa férrica (CMF) por sus características estructurales y estabilidad podría inducir menor toxicidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la CMF en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica prediálisis (ERC-P), analizar los factores predictores de respuesta y su efecto sobre la inflamación, moléculas de adhesión y metabolismo mineral óseo. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 47 pacientes con ERC-P y anemia por déficit de hierro a los que se les administró una dosis de 1 gramo de CMF, se evaluó su efecto de forma aguda, a las 3 semanas y 3 meses sobre los niveles de hemoglobina, ferritina, IST, PCR, interleucina 6 , ICAM, VCAM, calcio , fósforo, PTH, 1-25 dihidroxivitamina D y FGF23-c terminal, y se analizaron diversos factores predictores de respuesta incluyendo marcadores de oxidación ( LDL oxidada, grupos carbonilo, SODE, GPX y catalasa eritrocitarias). Resultados: Los niveles de hemoglobina, ferritina e IST aumentaron de forma significativa y un 72% de los pacientes fueron considerados respondedores (incrementos de Hb >1g/dL). La GPX fue el único factor predictivo de respuesta al tratamiento con CMF. No se apreciaron cambios significativos en los marcadores inflamatorios o endoteliales. Los niveles de fósforo y FGF 23 c-terminal disminuyeron significativamente y se mantuvieron bajos a los 3 meses del tratamiento, sin observarse modificaciones en los otros parámetros del metabolismo óseo mineral. Conclusiones: El 72% de los pacientes con ERC-P responden a la CMF, y la GPX tiene un valor predictivo en la respuesta a este tratamiento. La CMF no tiene efecto inflamatorio ni modifica los niveles de moléculas de adhesión endotelial. Esta molécula de hierro provoca hipofosforemia y un descenso en los niveles de FGF 23 c-terminal que persisten a los 3 meses del tratamiento.
Iv iron therapy can cause inflammation, endothelial injury and hypophosphatemia,and is not well established potential predictors of response to this treatment. The iron carboxymaltose (CMF) its structural features and stability could induce less toxicity. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of CMF in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD-P), analyze the predictors of response and its effect on inflammation, adhesion molecules and bone mineral metabolism factors. Methods: 47 patients with iron deficiency anemia and CKD-P included and received a dose of 1 gram of CMF, its effect is acutely evaluated at 3 weeks and 3 months on levels hemoglobin, ferritin, IST, PCR, interleukin-6, ICAM, VCAM, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 1-25 dihydroxyvitamin D and FGF23c-terminal , and were analyzed predictors of response including oxidation markers (oxidized LDL, groups carbonyl, SODE, erythrocyte catalase and GPX). Results: The levels of hemoglobin, ferritin and IST increase significantly and 72% of patients were considered responders (Hb increase> 1 g / dL). GPX was the only predictor of response to treatment with CMF. No significant changes were observed in inflammatory or endothelial markers. Phosphorus levels and c-terminal FGF 23 decreased significantly and remained low at 3 months of treatment, with no observed changes in the other parameters of bone mineral metabolism. Conclusions: 72% of patients with CKD-P respond to CMF, and the GPX has a predictive value in the response to this treatment. The CMF has not inflammatory effect or modify the levels of endothelial adhesion molecules. This iron molecule causes hypophosphatemia and decreased levels of FGF 23 c-terminal persisting after 3 months of treatment.

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Danieli, Karina. "AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO ATRAVÉS DA DETERMINAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS DA OXIDAÇÃO AVANÇADA DE PROTEÍNAS (AOPP) EM PACIENTES COM ANEMIA MICROCÍTICA E HIPOCRÔMICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5927.

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The etiology of anemia is characterized by abnormal hemoglobin synthesis. Iron deficiency is characterized by microcytic and hipochromic red cells and low serum ferritin, being the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide, responsible for iron deficiency anemia (FA). Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is considered a clinical syndrome associated with chronic inflammation, infectious disease, neoplastic or traumatic, being the second most frequent cause of anemia. The severity of anemia correlates with the degree of pathology. Both have functional iron deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate hematological and inflammatory, as well as the presence of oxidative stress in patients with anemia. The blood analyzer was done by the CBC, automated hematology analyzer processed, Sysmex® (Automated Hematology Analyzer). The quantitative determination of ferritin is serum was done in IMMULITE analyzer. Levels of CRP and AOPP were performed in serum by automated Cobas MIRA® (Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5. We analyzed 70 patients with microcytic and hypochromic anemia. Of these, 29 (41.43%) were diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia and 41 (58.57%) with anemia of chronic disease. As a control group, we used samples from 44 patients with hematological parameters, serum ferritin, CRP and AOPP normal. The values of MCV, MCH and MCHC significantly lower in iron deficiency anemia. Ferritin levels showed that it can be considered both a measure of iron store as an inflammatory marker. In ACD there is increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, increases the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). The results indicate that AOPP in both groups with anemia showed increased levels of this marker, which indicates the presence of oxidative stress, probably caused by increased production of free radicals and decreases in enzyme activities of the antioxidant defense system of erythrocytes.
A etiologia das anemias caracteriza-se pela síntese anormal de hemoglobina. A deficiência de ferro é caracterizada por eritrócitos microcíticos e hipocrômicos e por ferritina sérica baixa, sendo a carência nutricional mais prevalente em todo o mundo, responsável pela Anemia Ferropriva (AF). A Anemia de Doença Crônica (ADC) é considerada uma síndrome clínica, associada à inflamação crônica, doença infecciosa, traumática ou neoplásica, sendo a segunda causa mais freqüente de anemia. Ambas apresentam deficiência funcional de ferro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros hematológicos e inflamatórios, bem como a presença de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com anemia. A análise hematológica foi feita através do hemograma, processado em analisador hematológico automatizado, Sysmex® (Automated Hematology Analyzer). O doseamento quantitativo da ferritina no soro foi feito em analisador IMMULITE. A dosagem de Proteína C-Reativa (PCR) e de Produtos da Oxidação Avançada de Proteínas (AOPP) foram realizadas no soro através do sistema automatizado Cobas MIRA® (Roche Diagnostics). A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa GraphPad Prism 5. Foram analisados 70 pacientes portadores de anemia microcítica e hipocrômica. Destes, 29 (41,43%) foram diagnosticados como anemia ferropriva e 41 (58,57%) com anemia de doença crônica. Como grupo controle, foram utilizadas amostras de 44 indivíduos com parâmetros hematológicos, níveis de ferritina, PCR e AOPP dentro da normalidade. Os valores de VCM, HCM e CHCM foram significativamente menores na anemia ferropriva. Os níveis de ferritina revelaram que ela pode ser considerada tanto uma medida das reservas de ferro quanto um marcador inflamatório. Na ADC há aumento da produção de citocinas inflamatórias, que, por sua vez, aumenta também a concentração de PCR. Os resultados do AOPP indicam que ambos os grupos com anemia apresentaram níveis aumentados deste marcador, o que indica a presença de estresse oxidativo, provavelmente causado por aumento na produção de radicais livres e declínio das atividades das enzimas do sistema de defesa antioxidante dos eritrócitos.

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Paino, Iêda Maria Martinez. "Status férrico e algumas funções do estresse oxidativo de fagócitos em idosos anêmicos ou não, portadores de doenças inflamatórias crônicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-08012009-161132/.

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Introdução. A Anemia das Doenças Crônicas (ADC) é uma desordem comum em idosos, freqüentemente multifatorial, e exacerbada por citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Nesta população, o diagnóstico de anemia por deficiência de ferro (ADF) é difícil utilizando-se os testes laboratoriais convencionais, devido à prevalência destes estados crônicos. Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) são produzidas por fagócitos durante o burst oxidativo em defesa do hospedeiro, mas são também implicadas como agentes deletérios em um grande número de desordens inflamatórias. Objetivos. Verificar a eficiência do receptor de transferrina sérico (sTfR) e índice sTfR-log ferritina (sTfR-F) no diagnóstico da ADF e ADC; determinar os efeitos das anemias e de estados inflamatórios crônicos sem anemia no burst oxidativo, fagocitose, produção de óxido nítrico (NO) por monócitos, e produção de ácido hipocloroso (HOCl) por neutrófilos. Métodos. Participaram do estudo cinqüenta e três indivíduos (42 mulheres e 11 homens) idosos recrutados do departamento de Cardio-Geriatria da Rede Pública de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto-SP. A proteína C reativa (PCR), utilizada como marcador inflamatório foi analisada pela metodologia ultra-sensível. O status férrico foi estabelecido pelos níveis do sTfR (enzimaimunoensaio, kit Quantikine soluble transferrin receptor, R&D Systems, USA), ferritina sérica (ensaio quimioluminescente, kit Ferritin Immulite®- DPC, England) e índice sTfR-F. Foram compostos os seguintes grupos, com base nos valores de normalidade dos parâmetros PCR, concentração de hemoglobina, ferritina e sTfR: controle (n=15), ADC (n=12), inflamação (n=08), anemia inexplicável (n=06) e grupo ADF (n=12). Nenhum paciente apresentou função renal prejudicada, hemoglobinopatias, diabetes mellitus descompensada, doenças infecciosas ou malignas. Estudou-se o efeito da ADC, ADF, anemia inexplicável e inflamação no burst oxidativo, fagocitose de neutrófilos e monócitos por citometria de fluxo, produção de HOCl por neutrófilos purificados e de NO produzido em cultura de monócitos em meio RPMI 1640, estimulados por lipopolissacáride (LPS). Resultados. Os níveis de sTfR foram capazes de diagnosticar ADF em sete (58,34%) dos doze pacientes do grupo ADF. A intensidade de fluorescência (IF) do burst oxidativo de neutrófilos, que reflete a atividade celular, no grupo ADF foi significativamente menor que a do grupo controle (p<0,05), mas a IF de monócitos não foi estatisticamente diferente. As percentagens de monócitos e neutrófilos realizando burst oxidativo e fagocitose dos grupos ADF, anemia inexplicável e inflamação não foram estatisticamente diferentes do grupo controle. As percentagens de monócitos e neutrófilos realizando fagocitose do grupo ADC foram estatisticamente maiores que as do grupo controle (p<0,05). A produção de HOCl nos grupos ADC e inflamação foram estatisticamente menores comparadas ao grupo controle (p<0,05), enquanto houve uma superprodução de NO por monócitos no grupo ADC (p<0,05). Conclusão. No presente estudo, o sTfR foi uma ferramenta diagnóstica adicional à ferritina no diagnóstico da ADF, mas o valor do índice sTfR-F não aumentou a utilidade diagnóstica do sTfR em indivíduos idosos. NO parece modular a produção de HOCl, provavelmente por regular a atividade enzimática da mieloperoxidase (MPO). Estes resultados mostraram o papel importante do ferro na ADC e ADF em manter a resposta imunológica de fagócitos durante o processo de envelhecimento.
Background: Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) is a very common disorder in elderly and it is often multifatorial, exacerbated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In these people, the diagnostic of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) or iron deficiency is difficult in these patients using the conventional iron status tests, because of the prevalence of these chronic states. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by phagocytic cells during the oxidative burst in defense of the host, but it has also been implicated as a very harmful agent in an increasing number of inflammatory-mediated disorders. Objectives: to elucidate the use of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR-log ferritin index (TfR-F index) to diagnose IDA and ACD; to determinate the effects of anemia and chronic inflammatory states without anemia in some function of oxidative stress, such as oxidative burst, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production by monocytes and the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production by purified neutrophils. Methods: Fifty three (42 women and 11 men) elderly subjects recruited from geriatric department of healthy public system of Ribeirão Preto city were selected. The high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was analyzed as an inflammatory marker. The iron status was confirmed by sTfR (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA, kit Quantikine soluble transferrin receptor R&D Systems, USA), serum ferritin levels (chemiluminescence assay, kit Ferritin Immulite®- DPC, England) and TfR-F index. The groups were established according to the criteria CRP assay, hemoglobin analysis, ferritin and sTfR: control (n =15), ACD (n =12), inflammation (n =08), unexplained anemia (n=06), and IDA (n=12). Patients with impaired kidney function, hemoglobinopathy, decompensate diabetes mellitus or infectious and malignancies diseases were excluded. We also studied the effect of ACD, IDA, unexplained anemia and inflammation on oxidative burst, phogocytosis of neutrophils and monocytes by flow cytometry and HOCl generation of neutrophils and NO produced by the monocytic cell culture, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: Our results showed that sTfR could diagnose IDA in seven (58.34%) of twelve patients in IDA group. Oxidative burst fluorescence intensity of neutrophil in IDA group was lower statistically compared to control group, p<0.05. Oxidative burst fluorescence intensity of monocytes did not differ significantly. The percentages of monocytes and neutrophils expressing oxidative burst and the phagocytosis did not differ significantly amongst control, IDA, unexplained anemia and inflammatory groups. However, the percentages of neutrophils and monocytes expressing phagocytosis in ACD group were statistically higher when compared to control group (p<0.05). The HOCl generation in ACD, and inflammation groups were lower significant statistically than control group, p<0.05, while there was an overproduction of NO by monocyte in ACD group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, the sTfR was an additional diagnostic tool to ferritin for the diagnosis of IDA, but the value of the sTfR-F index did not increase the utility diagnostic of sTfR in elderly patients. NO seems modulate the HOCl production, perhaps by regulates the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity. These results showed the important role of iron in ACD and IDA to maintaining phagocyte immune defense of organism during the aging process.

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Oti-Boateng, Peggy Efua. "Effects of dietary calcium on intestinal non-haem iron absorption during weaning / by Peggy Efua Oti-Boateng." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19365.

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Corrigenda tipped to title page.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-353).
xxvii, 353 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Investigates the iron status and dietary intakes in 6-24 month old children in Australia and Ghana and assesses the effects of dietary calcium on intestinal iron absorption. The true prevalence of non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and dietary intakes in infants and toddlers from a broad socio-economic background were assessed by haematological and biochemical parameters, semi-quantitative diet recall and anthropometric measurements. The high prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia found in Australian and Ghanaian children can be attributed to the low intake of bioavailable iron in weaning diets which are often ingested with large amounts of calcium. While calcium has been shown to inhibit the absorption of iron, its mechanism of interaction with iron absorption at the intestinal level is not known. The rat was used as an experimental model to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on duodenal iron uptake. The results indicate there is a critical period during weaning when the consumption of high dietary calcium with low iron can retard growth potential. Dietary calcium significantly inhibits non-haem iron absorption at the intracellular level by up-regulating villus enterocyte ferritin concentrations under iron deficiency conditions.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1998

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32

Butensky, Ellen. "Prevalence and predictors of altered iron metabolism in children with immunodeficiency /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3136066.

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Rangongo, Mamoloko Florah. "Effects of iron deficiency on the cognitive functioning of primary school children in southern KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6061.

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The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the children in the study on some psychometric tests and to find out whether iron deficiency had any effect on cognitive skills as measured by the selected psychometric tests. The study also wanted to find out if there would be any gender differences on the psychometric tests. A sample of 810 children was selected from eleven schools from the rural Southern part of KwaZulu-Natal. The children were of ages eight to ten years old, were all Zulu speaking and in standard one. Blood samples were taken from all the children to determine iron levels. Psychometric tests viz., the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Young's Group Mathematics Test, were all administered to measure cognitive performance. The results showed no significant iron level effects on most of the measured cognitive skills. There were some significant gender effects on all the psychometric tests except for the Maths test. There was general low performance on all the psychometric tests. Therefore, the results highlighted the importance of designing more tests that can be standardized and thus be applicable to Zulu speaking children and other children with similar backgrounds. The tests should also be able to tap into the cognitive skills that may be affected by iron levels. There is also a great need for studies looking at the lower end of iron deficiency.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

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34

"Effects of iron-loading on hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity in the rat." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894465.

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Leung, Yeung Yeung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-154).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
CONTENTS --- p.i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv
ABSTRACT --- p.v
論文摘要 --- p.viii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xv
Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Brain iron function and diseases --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Function of iron in the brain --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Iron involved oxidative damage --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Role of iron in neurodegenerative diseases --- p.6
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Role of iron in Alzheimer's disease --- p.7
Chapter 1.1.5 --- Deleterious effects of iron in memory function --- p.9
Chapter 1.2 --- Iron regulation in the brain --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Transport and storage of brain iron --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Iron homeostasis in the brain --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Transport of iron in axon and synapse --- p.17
Chapter 1.3 --- The hippocampus --- p.19
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Hippocampus and memory function --- p.19
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Structure of the hippocampus --- p.20
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Cell composition in the hippocampus --- p.26
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Wiring in the hippocampus --- p.28
Chapter 1.4 --- Synaptic plasticity and long term potentiation --- p.30
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Basic theory of synaptic plasticity --- p.30
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Types of synaptic plasticity --- p.30
Chapter 1.4.3 --- The discovery of long term potentiation --- p.31
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Long term potentiation --- p.32
Chapter 1.4.5 --- Cellular mechanism of long term potentiation --- p.33
Chapter 1.4.6 --- Role of reactive oxygen species in long term potentiation --- p.36
Chapter 1.5 --- Aim of the study --- p.38
Chapter 2. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.39
Chapter 2.1 --- Rat model of iron overload --- p.39
Chapter 2.2 --- Multi-electrode field potential measurement --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Acute preparation of hippocampal slices --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Multi-electrode array recording system --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Recording of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Induction of LTP --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Recording of paired-pulse ratio --- p.48
Chapter 2.3 --- Whole cell patch-clamp recordings --- p.50
Chapter 2.4 --- Biochemical assays --- p.57
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of brain homogenate --- p.57
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Total iron measurement --- p.57
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Protein carbonyl measurement --- p.58
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Determination of reactive oxygen species --- p.60
Chapter 2.5 --- Drugs and data analysis --- p.61
Chapter 3. --- RESULTS --- p.62
Chapter 3.1 --- The acute effects of extracellular iron on synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vitro --- p.63
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Effects of ferric ion on basal synaptic transmission --- p.63
Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Effect of FAC on basal fEPSPs --- p.63
Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Comparison with the effect of AC on basal fEPSPs --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effects of ferric ion on long-term synaptic plasticity --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Effect of acute FAC treatment on LTP --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Comparison with the effect of AC on LTP --- p.75
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effects of ferric chloride --- p.78
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Effects of ascorbic acid on the action of FAC --- p.81
Chapter 3.2 --- "The acute, in vitro effect of extracellular iron on the membrane properties and excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons" --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Membrane input resistance --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Voltage-Current relationship --- p.88
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Membrane excitability --- p.90
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Threshold current --- p.90
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Action potential firing frequency --- p.92
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Action potential characteristics --- p.95
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- "Action potential amplitude, area and width" --- p.95
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Rise and decay kinetics of action potential --- p.98
Chapter 3.3 --- The chronic effects of iron-loading in the brain on hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity --- p.100
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Validation of the iron-overload model --- p.100
Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Short-term (1 week) treatment --- p.100
Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Long-term (4 weeks) treatment --- p.103
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effects of chornic iron-overloading on LTP --- p.105
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Short term iron treatment --- p.105
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Long term iron treatment --- p.108
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Oxidative stress measurement --- p.111
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Protein oxidation --- p.111
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Reactive oxidative species level --- p.116
Chapter 4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.120
Chapter 4.1 --- "Acute, in vitro effects" --- p.121
Chapter 4.2 --- "Chronic, in vivo effects" --- p.125
Chapter 5. --- REFERENCES --- p.134

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Alaoui, Larbi. "Evaluation of the iron status of a population of adults in Morocco : influence of dietary intake." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27621.

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Bowen, C. Roger. "Iron deficiency chlorosis in sorghum." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27399.

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Spaan, Jonathan. "Treatment of iron deficiency in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41370.

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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common extraintestinal complication encountered in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and it is more prevalent in pediatric patients compared to adults (Rogler and Vavricka). The inflammation and blood loss from the disease impacts both the absorption and storage of iron in the body (Rogler and Vavricka). With the intent of establishing a standard of care for IDA treatment in patients with IBD, we conducted a prospective study of 104 consecutive pediatric patients to assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) iron therapy compared to oral therapy and no treatment, as well as the effects of iron therapy on patient quality of life. Efficacy was assessed by comparing the change in hemoglobin levels in the interval between admission to outpatient follow-up. The average time to the first ambulatory follow-up was 29.08 days. 69 patients received IV iron therapy, 17 patients received oral iron supplementation, and 18 patients had no treatment. Treatment with IV iron resulted in a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels (2.00 g/dL ± 1.57 g/dL, as mean ± standard deviation) from admission to the first follow-up ambulatory appointment (p < .0001). Patients receiving IV iron therapy also experienced a significantly greater mean increase in hemoglobin levels than those treated with oral iron (p = .0084) or no treatment (p = .0018). Further, patients treated with IV iron experienced a significant increase in their quality of life at follow-up compared to admission as measured by the Impact-III questionnaire (p = .0179). Our study illustrates the importance of screening pediatric patients with IBD for IDA and suggests that IV iron treatment is safe and more effective in raising hematologic and iron measures than orally- administered alternative options.

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Lyons, Christopher Kyle. "Active management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36587.

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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is particularly common in the pediatric population, with 40-60% of pediatric patients with IBD meeting criteria for anemia (Aljomah et al, 2018). A number of studies have examined the use of both IV and oral iron treatments to treat anemia in IBD, but few have examined the safety and efficacy of these treatments in children and how they impact a patient’s health-related quality of life. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 79 pediatric patients admitted to Boston Children’s Hospital for management of their IBD. 48 of these patients received IV iron, 13 received oral iron, and 12 were not treated with either. Treatment with IV iron resulted in a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin of 1.75g/dL+/-1.4g/dL (mean +/- SD) from admission to the time of their first post-discharge visit (p=0.0001). Prescription of oral iron at the time of discharge did not result in a significant increase in hemoglobin over the same interval (p=0.481). Though there was a positive trend, IV iron treatment did not result in a significant change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements as measured by the IMPACT-III questionnaire (p=0.06). Our study suggests that IDA is common in patients admitted for management of their IBD, IV iron is more efficacious in raising hemoglobin, and that larger studies will be needed to more fully demonstrate the impact of effective iron repletion on overall quality of life in these patients.

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Manokaran, Krishanth. "Clinical outcomes in the management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33019.

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INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a frequent complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The inflammation observed in IBD negatively impact absorption of iron. This could lead to increased hospitalizations, affect growth and development, and decrease overall quality of life. This is especially pronounced in the pediatric population. The screening and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) varies between centers, and as a result, roughly 40-60% of pediatric IBD patients are iron deficient. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety profile of intravenous and enteral iron therapy in a population of iron deficient patients with IBD. The secondary aim of this study is to determine if oral or intravenous iron therapy can improve hematologic and iron parameters. We will also examine the longitudinal changes in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and quality of life in patients receiving oral and intravenous iron supplementation. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in pediatric patients with IBD admitted to the inpatient GI service at Boston Children’s Hospital from 09/05/2017 to 03/05/2018. Forty-six IBD patients were screened, and twenty-nine (63%) were identified as iron deficient and were consented for data collection through chart review and administration of the IMPACT-III quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the twenty-nine IBD patients, eighteen (62%) received intravenous iron, seven (24%) received oral iron, and four (14%) were untreated and served as controls. The mean change in hemoglobin in patients receiving parenteral, oral, or no iron therapy was 1.6g/dl±0.5, 1.1g/dl±0.4, and 0.2g/dl±0.5, respectively. The change in hemoglobin was significant between the parenteral and oral iron group (P<0.05). The mean change in health-related quality of life scores in patients receiving parenteral or oral iron therapy was 11.6±11.4 and 3.8l±7.5, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that intravenous iron therapy was more efficacious than oral iron in improving hematologic and iron parameters in IBD patients. This improvement was concomitant with higher scores on the IMPACT-III quality of life questionnaire, suggesting that iron supplementation improves health-related quality of life in IBD patients with iron deficiency anemia.

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Manely, Sarah Husai. "Iron deficiency anemia in hospitalized pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis: what is the status of preventing IDA and is there room for improvement?" Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23830.

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BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common extra-intestinal manifestation of disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) represents the most prevalent form of anemia in this population ((Gasche, Dejaco et al. 1997) (Plantz, Maxwell et al. 2016)). IDA can result from a combination of decreased dietary iron intake, impaired intestinal absorption, and excessive gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, all of which can lead to decreased iron stores and poor iron utilization. Furthermore, chronic IDA in children with IBD can adversely influence development and cognition, as well as contribute to the increased fatigue and decreased stamina observed in these patients (Laass, Straub et al. 2014). Treatment of IDA in pediatric patients with IBD can be with either oral iron supplementation or parenteral iron infusions, and both can result in an improvement in iron parameters and subsequent improvement in patient overall quality of life. However, there is wide variability in physician practice with respect to the identification and treatment of IDA in pediatric patients with IBD. OBJECTIVE: To assess physician practice at Boston Children’s Hospital with respect to the identification and treatment of IBD-related IDA in a population of patients admitted for management of a flare in their underlying ulcerative colitis. This information will be useful to develop initiatives directed at improving recognition and management of IDA in this population. METHODS: The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) approved the study protocol. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed and abstracted from subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC) that were treated at BCH between January 2005 and January 2013. Each patient was assigned a study identification number to protect private health information, and this data was stored in a computer file behind the hospital’s internet firewall. Inpatient and outpatient office notes, as well as clinical data, were reviewed to track the identification of patients with anemia as well as physician management practices. All of the information collected was stored in the Research Electronic Database Capture (REDCap) and used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients met initial inclusion criteria. Subsequent review of the electronic medical records revealed that only 178 patients had complete data available for use in our analysis. 55.5% of the 178 study subjects were anemic at admission, with a mean hemoglobin value of 9.32 g/dL (SD 1.89) and a mean MCV value of 77.49 fl (SD 10.24). None of the patients in this cohort had iron studies (plasma iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity) included in their admissions laboratory testing. Only 24 patients received oral iron supplementation during their hospital stay while none received IV iron infusions. Over half of the total patient cohort (78.7 %,) were not prescribed oral iron supplementation at the time of discharge. 84% of patients that were discharged anemic remained anemic at the time of their first post-discharge ambulatory visit. Less than half of the total patient cohort (30.34%) had iron studies included in their follow-up ambulatory laboratory testing. Patients that were given iron supplementation at the time of discharge showed increased gains in their hemoglobin levels at follow-up compared to patients with no iron supplementation at the time of discharge (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that there is a low prevalence with respect to the identification and treatment of IDA and anemia in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) at admission, discharge, and follow-up clinic visits. A secondary finding was a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels in anemic patients treated with some form of iron supplementation. As a result, our data support both the need to improve recognition of IDA in pediatric patients admitted for a UC flare as well as document the clinical value to this effort. Additional studies are necessary to determine if improved iron surveillance and therapy will improve patient quality of life, linear growth, and cognition in patients with IBD.

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Saha, Prasenjit Prasad. "Uncovering the Role of Mitochondrial Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) Cluster Biogenesis in Human Health and Disease." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/4002.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated for a wide range of human diseases. One of the major biosynthetic processes in human mitochondria is the biogenesis of Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters which primarily involves in electron transfer reactions during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Defects in Fe-S cluster biogenesis process leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and that eventually results in various human mitochondrial disorders. One of the major mitochondrial disorders associated with Fe-S cluster biogenesis impairment is exercise intolerance disorder ISCU myopathy, which is a result of loss of function of Fe-S cluster scaffold protein ISCU. Our biochemical results using yeast model system and HeLa cells lines suggests that ISCU Myopathy results in defective Fe-S cluster biogenesis in mitochondrial compartment. As a result, electron transport chain (ETC) complexes demonstrate significant reduction in their redox properties, leading to loss of cellular respiration. Furthermore, in ISCU Myopathy, mitochondria display enhancement in iron levels and reactive oxygen species, thereby causing oxidative stress leading to impairment in the mitochondrial functions. On the other hand, in mammalian mitochondria, the initial step of Fe-S cluster assembly process is assisted by NFS1-ISD11 complex, which delivers sulfur to the scaffold protein ISCU during Fe-S cluster synthesis. In humans, loss of ISD11 function leads to development of respiratory distress disorder, Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 19 (COXPD19). Our study maps the important ISD11 amino acid residues critical for in vivo Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Importantly, mutation of these critical ISD11 residues to alanine leads to its compromised interaction with NFS1, which results in reduced stability and enhanced aggregation of NFS1 in the mitochondria. Moreover, our findings highlight that, COXPD19 associated R68L ISD11 mutant displays reduced affinity to form a stable sub-complex with NFS1, thereby fails to prevent NFS1 aggregation, resulting impairment of Fe-S cluster biogenesis. The prime affected machinery is the ETC complex which demonstrates compromised redox properties, causing diminished mitochondrial respiration in COXPD19 patients. In summary, our findings provide compelling evidence that respiration defect due to impaired biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in ISCU myopathy patients, leads to manifestation of complex clinical symptoms. Additionally, our study highlights the role of ISD11 protein in Fe-S cluster biogenesis and maps the surface residues of ISD11 protein that are involved in interaction with sulfur donor protein NFS1. Moreover, we have demonstrated the molecular basis of disease progression of COXPD19 as a result of R68L ISD11 mutation.

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Rodrigues, Matilde Sofia Guerreiro da Costa. "Hypoadenosinergic pathologies in a rat model of the Willis-Ekbom disease." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93943.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Bioquímica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
A doença de Willis-Ekbom, também conhecida como síndrome da perna inquieta, é uma doença neurológica caracterizada pelos seus sintomas. Os portadores experienciam uma inquietante necessidade de estar em movimento, mesmo quando se encontram em repouso sendo que, há um agravamento dos sintomas no período noturno. Outro aspeto clínico é o experienciamento de pequenos episódios de despertares durante o sono, que normalmente precedem o início do movimento das pernas. Dado o estado de excitamento, acredita-se que a nível neurofisiológico exista um hiper-excitamento do sistema nervoso, mais concretamente, associado a uma hiperexcitabilidade dos terminais glutamatérgicos no estriado. A condição mais bem estudada e mais associada a WED é a deficiência de ferro que, pode não ser evidente sistemicamente e ocorrer localmente, como no cérebro. Quer a deficiência de ferro (e a anemia consequente) quer a WED são mais prevalentes em mulheres, que sublinha a necessidade de comparar o efeito de deficiência de ferro no estriado de roedores laboratoriais de ambos os generos. O estriado é a principal estrutura de entrada de estímulos excitatórios dos gânglios da base e encontra-se envolvido tanto em processos motores como cognitivos. A neurotransmissão de glutamato é modulada por vários neurotransmissores como o GABA e neuromoduladores como a dopamina, adenosina, opioides, acetilcolina e endocanabinóides. A existência de uma perturbação nestes sistemas de modulação pode levar a uma variedade de doenças neurológicas. Muitos estudos apontam para a existência de alterações a nível do sistema adenosinérgico em pacientes e modelos de BID. Recentemente foi descrito, pelos nossos colaboradores, um estado hipoadenosinérgico causada por um aumento na densidade dos recetores de adenosina do tipo A2A e/ou uma diminuição dos recetores A1. Assim, recorrendo a um modelo animal (foram alvo de estudo ambos machos e fêmeas, de modo a avaliar se existe um fenótipo específico entre géneros) sujeito a uma deficiência de ferro através da comida. Primeiramente, os animais foram sujeitos a testes comportamentais para avaliar a atividade locomotora, ansiedade e memória. Mais tarde, o cérebro foi recolhido e realizou-se a purificação de sinaptossomas do estriado para realizar o objetivo desta tese: avaliar alterações de densidade dos recetores de adenosina, tal como a percentagem de co-localização entre ambos, em terminais gutamatérgicos cortico-estriatais e tálamo-estriatais e, em terminais colinérgicos, recorrendo à técnica de “sinaptometria” de fluxo. Para além destes, também foram avaliadas alterações dos recetores µ-opióides (MOR), uma vez que agonistas do MOR são eficazes no controlo de sintómas sensorimotórios dos pacientes. e canabinóide do tipo 1 (CB1R), o recetor que é capaz de modular o funcionamento tal dos receptores adenosinérgicos como do MOR via heteromerização, tal como a sua percentagem de co-localização.Uma vez que a deficiência de ferro cerebral (DFC) foi induzido no dia 21 pós-natal, ou seja, depois de maioritariamente concluir o desenvolvimento cerebral, já não foram observadas alterações na locomoção e na habituação dos animais com BID no teste “open field”, tal como no comportamento ansioso realizado no “elevated-plus maze”.No entanto, a técnica da sinaptometria de fluxo revelou fortes tendências para uma redução na densidade dos terminais positivos para MOR e um aumento nos terminais equipados com o recetor facilitatório A2A. Tudo junto, observou-se pela primeira vez um disbalanço no controlo inibitório e facilitatório no nível sináptico em terminais nervosos individualmente identificados, que certamente contribuirá ao nosso entendimento sobre o patomecanismo e a farmacoterapia adequada da WED.
Willis-Ekbom's disease, also known as restless leg syndrome, is a neurological disease characterized by an unsettling need of the patients to move their legs and sometimes arms, even when they are at rest. Nocturnal aggravation of symptoms strongly impar sleep quality. It is believed that at the neurophysiological level, there is a hyperarousal of the nervous system, which is associated with a hyperexcitability of the corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals in the striatum. Iron deficiency is as a major comorbidity for WED has been recognized. Iron deficiency may be restricted to the nervous tissue, which is called brain iron deficiency (BID). Both iron deficiency (and consequent anemia) and WED are more prevalent in women, which underlines the need to compare the effect of iron deficiency on the striatum of laboratory rodents of both genders.The striatum is the main input structure for excitatory stimuli from the basal ganglia and is involved in both motor and cognitive processes. Glutamatergic corticostriatal neurotransmission is modulated by several neurotransmitters such as GABA and neuromodulators including dopamine, adenosine, opioids, acetylcholine and endocannabinoids. Impaired neuromodulation at corticostriatal synapses can lead to a variety of neurological diseases. Many studies point to the existence of changes in the adenosinergic system in patients and models of BID. Recently, a hypoadenosinergic state was described by our collaborators, caused by an increase in the density of type A2A adenosine receptors and a decrease in A1 receptor density, or both.Thus, here I studied the possible presynaptic changes in striatal glutamatergic as well as cholinergic nerve terminals, isolated from young adult rats, after completing a four-week diet with iron poor chow (BID rats), or normal chow (controls). Both males and females were studied in order to purported gender-specific phenotypes.First, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests to evaluate locomotor activity, anxiety and memory. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and their brains were collected to prepare purified striatal synaptosomes. My aims were to evaluate changes in the density of glutamatergic and cholinergic nerve terminals endowed with adenosine receptors, as well as µ-opioid receptors (MOR) – since MOR agonists are efficacious in controlling patients' sensorimotor symptoms, and finally, cannabinoid CB1 receptors, because it is capable of modulating the functioning of both adenosine receptors and MOR via heteromerization.Since BID was induced on the 21st postnatal day, that is, after that the brain development is largely completed, overt behavioral changes in locomotion, habituation and anxiety-like behaviour of BID rats were not observed in the open field and elevated-plus maze tests. Spatial working memory in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test also remained intact in the BID rats. However, the technique “flow synaptometry” revealed strong tendencies towards a reduction in the density of MOR-positive terminals and an increase in A2AR-positive terminals. Alltogether, for the first time an imbalance has been documented in inhibitory and facilitatory neuromodulation at the synaptic level in individually identified nerve terminals, which will certainly contribute to our understanding of the pathomechanism and the adequate pharmacotherapy of WED.

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Chmelíková, Jitka. "Stanovení exprese molekul transportu a metabolismu železa u vybraných chronických onemocnění." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295879.

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Iron is an essential element for human organism, because it cooperates as a cofactor of enzymes in many metabolic pathways. Iron is a component of hemoglobin, and thus it is indispensable for the oxygen transport to tissues. It can exist as a ferrous or ferric form. However, ferrous iron paticipates in reactions in which highly reactive hydroxyl group can be formed. This product is harmful for the organism. Non-heme iron is taken up to the circulation through duodenal enterocyte. Iron excretion is carried out only by desquamation of the enterocytes or by bleeding. Therefore, iron intake must be strictly regulated. Iron overloading is observed in some chronic diseases (hereditary hemochromatosis, alcohol liver disease). In contrary, iron depletion can be a case of iron deficiency anemia. The aim of this master thesis is to determine the expression of iron transport molecules in duodenum in chronic diseases which originate due to disturbances of iron intake regulation. We determine the expression of molecules of iron transport (DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, hephaestin) on mRNA level by qPCR and on protein level by western blot. The level of serum hepcidin was determined by ELISA. Our results show an increased expression of mRNA of transporters DMT1 and ferroportin as well as ferrireductase Dcytb and ferroxidase...

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