Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron ore fines

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron ore fines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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Everett, J. E., D. Linden, and P. Maney. "Predicting iron ore fines shipment moisture." Applied Earth Science 122, no. 2 (June 2013): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743275813y.0000000034.

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Sharma, J., T. Sharma, and N. R. Mandre. "Processing of Goethitic Iron Ore Fines." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 96, no. 2 (May 9, 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40033-015-0075-7.

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Du, Wenguang, Song Yang, Feng Pan, Ju Shangguan, Jie Lu, Shoujun Liu, and Huiling Fan. "Hydrogen Reduction of Hematite Ore Fines to Magnetite Ore Fines at Low Temperatures." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1919720.

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Surplus coke oven gases (COGs) and low grade hematite ores are abundant in Shanxi, China. Our group proposes a new process that could simultaneously enrich CH4from COG and produce separated magnetite from low grade hematite. In this work, low-temperature hydrogen reduction of hematite ore fines was performed in a fixed-bed reactor with a stirring apparatus, and a laboratory Davis magnetic tube was used for the magnetic separation of the resulting magnetite ore fines. The properties of the raw hematite ore, reduced products, and magnetic concentrate were analyzed and characterized by a chemical analysis method, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that, at temperatures lower than 400°C, the rate of reduction of the hematite ore fines was controlled by the interfacial reaction on the core surface. However, at temperatures higher than 450°C, the reaction was controlled by product layer diffusion. With increasing reduction temperature, the average utilization of hydrogen initially increased and tended to a constant value thereafter. The conversion of Fe2O3in the hematite ore played an important role in the total iron recovery and grade of the concentrate. The grade of the concentrate decreased, whereas the total iron recovery increased with the increasing Fe2O3conversion.
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Haque, R., H. S. Ray, and A. Mukherjee. "Fluidized Bed Reduction of Iron Ore Fines by Coal Fines." ISIJ International 31, no. 11 (1991): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.31.1279.

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Simões, Carolina, Ronald Rojas, Marcelo Camarate, and Maurício Torem. "Electroflotation of iron ore fines using biosurfactant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012015.

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Abstract Conventional flotation shows low recovery of the fine particles due to the low probability of bubble-particle adhesion and collision, what can be solved with the electroflotation process. Electroflotation uses oxygen and hydrogen microbubbles (<100µm) generated from water electrolysis. In addition, this process can become a biotechnology using a biosurfactant. The present work aims to evaluate the recovery of hematite fine particles from an iron ore using the electroflotation process with a biosurfactant obtained from Rhodococcus opacus. The tests were conducted with an iron ore (-38+20μm) in a Partridge-Smith modified electroflotation binary cell. The parameters used in these tests were current density (16 mA/cm2), agitation (300rpm), electrolyte concentration (0.2mol/L), conditioning time (5min) and flotation time (10 min). The pH range between 3 and 11, biosurfactant concentration (50 to 800mg/L) were evaluated and up to now, the results show that the electroflotation process was able to concentrate the hematite of the iron ore.
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Umadevi, Tekkalakote, Komala Sivanna Sridhara, Munukuntla Raju, P. Karthik, Rameshwar Sah, Maribasappanavar Basavaraja, and Sanghamesh Desai. "Development of process for reduction in fines generation at direct reduced iron plant by coating of magnetite iron ore fines on hematite iron ore pellets." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 6 (2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022088.

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Iron ore pellet fines generation at direct reduced iron (DRI) plant is ranging from 10 to 12% during handling of the pellets from pellet plant to DRI plant. The generation of fines during handling depends on the quality of the produced pellets, mainly due to the abrasion index (AI) of the pellet. To reduce the generation of pellet fines, detailed laboratory studies have been carried out by coating the hematite iron ore pellet surface with magnetite fines generated from reduction roasting plant, and mixed magnetite fines with limestone fines. The coated green pellets were fired in a rising hearth furnace. The magnetite fines were varied from 0 to 2.5% as coating agent, and limestone fines was varied from 0 to 0.6% as coating agent mixed with magnetite fines. At optimum 1.5% magnetite fines as coating agent achieved better pellet properties and reduced the fines generation from 6.8 to 3.2% due to formation of secondary hematite phases at the pellet shell. With mixed 0.2% limestone and 1.5% magnetite fines reduced pellet fines generation from 6.8 to 4.2%. Reduction in fines generation with mixed fines was due to formation of secondary hematite and Ca-ferrite at the pellet surface. Secondary hematite and Ca ferrite phases having higher micro-hardness compared to other phases of iron ore pellet. The sequence of micro-hardness of the pellet phases is secondary hematite > Ca-ferrite > primary hematite > magnetite. The secondary hematite and Ca-ferrite formed at the pellet surface due to coating of magnetite as well as magnetite with limestone fines improved the overall pellet quality and reduced the generation of fines at DRI plant. Coating of magnetite fines alone showed better pellet properties with lesser fines generation compared to coating of mixed limestone and magnetite fines.
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Wang, Hailong, Junichi Koseki, and Tomoyoshi Nishimura. "Water retention characteristics of iron ore fines." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 9 (September 2020): 1427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0840.

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Evaluations of water retention characteristics of typical iron ore fines (IOF) were presented, which was part of experimental works for the estimation of liquefaction potential of IOF heaps. The water retention tests were conducted in a suction range from 0.1 to 106 kPa on two IOFs and two artificial soils with various testing techniques. It is observed that water retention characteristic curves of one IOF (IOF-B) converge in terms of the relationship between suction (S) and water content (w) regardless densities of specimens when S exceeds a threshold value (Sth). Based on this finding, water retention characteristics are divided into density and materials affected zones. It is also found that IOFs generally have higher water retention ability than the two artificial soils, from which discussion is made on the effect of specific surface area and mineralogy on water retention characteristics of IOF. Finally, water retention characteristics are linked to compaction curves, from which, with the consideration that degree of saturation at peaks of compaction curves is relatively constant, a safety margin of a recently proposed regulation for maritime transportation of IOF is discussed.
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Dutta, Sujoy K., and Ahindra Ghosh. "Kinetics of Gaseous Reduction of Iron Ore Fines." ISIJ International 33, no. 11 (1993): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.1168.

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Wang, H., J. Koseki, and T. Nishimura. "Permeability of saturated and unsaturated iron ore fines." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v07.064.

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Gajbhiye, Pratima, and Ajita Kumari. "Utilization of Iron ore fines using flocculating reagents." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1714 (January 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1714/1/012015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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Kwa, Katherine Ailiang. "Liquefaction Behaviour of Shipped Metallic Ores from a Soil Mechanics Perspective." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20423.

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The transport of iron ore fines and other metallic ores by sea has been of increasing concern in recent years as several ships, their cargo and crew have been lost as a result of liquefaction of the on-board cargo. The mechanics behind the liquefaction of the cargo is not well understood and one of the main areas of uncertainty that is currently being studied is in understanding the soil mechanics behind the behaviour of the unsaturated ores when subjected to severe cyclic loading conditions that can develop during transportation. Shipping standards have also developed various procedures to prevent these hazardous cargoes from liquefying by defining the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML). This is the maximum allowable moisture content at which a material is designated as being at risk of liquefaction when loaded into bulk carriers. However, the rationale behind simply using a TML to prevent liquefaction of the material during transportation, has been questioned. This thesis uses a Critical State Soil Mechanics perspective to more rigorously understand the mechanics behind the liquefaction of materials similar in grading to the metallic ores that have been known to liquefy during shipping transportation. In particular, the influence of grading, fines content, density and degree of saturation on the cyclic liquefaction behaviour of these materials were experimentally investigated through performing saturated and unsaturated, monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests and small centrifuge tests. A fully coupled hydro-mechanical model was also calibrated and used to gain a better understanding of the effects of fines content and degree of saturation on the hydraulic behaviour of the materials. The findings and implications of the results on the liquefaction behaviour of ship cargoes, that have been obtained from this research project, will be presented and discussed in this thesis.
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Nikai, Innocent. "The use of iron ore fines in cold-bonded self-reducing composite pellets." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58064.

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The feasibility of producing Direct Reduced Iron from cold-bonded self-reducing composite pellets made from Anglo American Kumba Iron Ore Sishen upgraded slimes was considered on laboratory scale. Composite pellets were made by mixing Sishen upgraded slimes, coke and different binders using a pelletizing disc by addition of moisture. Binders investigated were dextrin, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium-lignosulphonate and combination of dextrin and bentonite. Dry strengths in excess of 300 N /pellet were attained by curing the pellets under ambient conditions. Dry strength of composite pellets increased with increase in binder quantity and decreased with increase in coke quantity. The composite pellets reduced within 20 minutes to degrees of metallisation in excess of 90 % at 1100 oC, with decrepitation indices significantly below 5 %. The degree of metallisation of composite pellets increased with an increase in reduction temperature (from 1000 to 1100 oC), reduction time (20 vs. 40 minutes) and coke quantity (15 vs. 20 wt. %). Carboxymethylcellulose was identified as the most economical and suitable binder for the Sishen upgraded slimes.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Anglo American Kumba Iron Ore and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant number TP2009072800103)
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
MSc
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Morrissey, John Paul. "Discrete element modelling of iron ore pellets to include the effects of moisture and fines." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8270.

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Across industry the majority of raw materials handled are particulate in nature, ranging in size and properties from aggregates to powders. The stress regimes experienced by the granular solids vary and the exhibited bulk behaviours can be complex and unexpected. The prevalence of granular solids makes them an area of interest for industry and researchers alike as many challenges still remain, such as dealing with complex cohesive behaviour in materials, which often gives rise to handling difficulties. Storage and transportation are an important part of the process chain for industries where particulate solids are commonplace. Failure to properly account for the cohesive nature of a particulate solid can be costly as it can easily lead to blockages in a silo such as ratholing or arching near the outlet during discharge. The cohesive strength of a bulk material depends on the consolidation stress it has experienced. As a result, the stress history in the material leading up to a handling scenario needs to be considered when evaluating its handling behaviour. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been extensively used to simulate the behaviour of granular materials, however the majority of the focus has been on noncohesive systems. For cohesive solids, it is crucial that the stress history dependent behaviour is adequately captured. Many of the contact models commonly used in DEM simulations to simulate cohesive granular materials such as the JKR model or liquid bridge models are elastic in nature and may not capture the stress history dependent behaviour observed in cohesive particulate solids. A comprehensive study on the effect of cohesion arising from the addition of moisture on the behaviour of two types of LKAB iron ore fines (KPBO and KPRS) has been carried out. The addition of moisture to the sample has been found to have a significant effect on both kinds of fines. KPRS fines were found to have a much higher unconfined strength and flow function at higher moisture contents, and also show a greater increase in cohesion with the addition of moisture, while at moisture contents of less than 2% the KPBO fines demonstrate higher unconfined yield strength. The KPBO fines were also found to achieve a significantly looser initial packing at much lower moisture content when compared to the KPRS fines. The lateral pressure ratio has also been evaluated. In this study a mesoscopic adhesive contact model that accounts for contact plasticity and stress history dependency in the bulk solid, the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion (EEPA) mode, has been presented and mathematically verified. A parametric study of the DEM contact model parameters was conducted to gain a deeper understating of the effect of input parameters on the simulated cohesive bulk behaviour. The EEPA contact model has been used to predict an experimental flow function of KPRS iron ore fines. The contact model has demonstrated the ability to capture the stress history dependent behaviour that exists in cohesive granular solids. The DEM simulations provide a very close match to the experimental flow functions, with the predicted unconfined strengths found to be within the standard deviations of the experimental results. Investigations into the failure mode predicted by the DEM simulations show that the samples are failing from the development of shear planes similar to those observed experimentally. The effect of increasing levels of adhesion has been explored for a flat bottomed silo where the level of adhesion has been varied. The DEM simulations were found to capture the major phenomena occurring in silo discharge including the various flow zones associated with a flat bottomed silo. Funnel flow, the effective transition and mass flow which are associated with a mixed flow pattern were observed in the model silo. The location of the effective transition height was identified: above this was mass flow. The velocity determined from the discharge rate was found to be in excellent agreement with the velocity profiles found in the zones of mass flow. A high velocity core flow zone was observed above the outlet where velocities were greater than 1.25 times the mass flow velocity, VMF. The level of adhesion in the silo was found to affect the discharge rate - a reduced flow rate was found until the eventual blockage of the silo at a high level of adhesion was found. As the level of adhesion increased the probability of arching also increased, and the formation of intermittent arching behaviour was noted in the cases with higher levels of adhesion in the system. The development of both temporary and permanent cohesive arches over the silo outlet were also observed with stopped flow from the silo.
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Blundell, Daniel Laurence. "The agglomeration of fine iron particles in a fluidised bed cascade." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060712.155401/index.html.

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Lourens, Leon. "Reduction of iron ore fines in the Ifcon furnace." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27383.

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This work involved an investigation into the mechanisms governing the reduction of material in the solids bed of the Ifcon® process. Thermo gravimetric analyses were done to investigate the influence of various operational parameters on the rate of solid state reduction. The experiments were modeled, and model predictions were compared to experimental results. Kinetic data was analised and the reduction rate constants were calculated. The rate constants were used as inputs to a model, which describes the reduction behaviour and temperature profile in a composite solids bed (similar to that in the Ifcon® process). High temperature reduction- and melting tests were done in an 150 kW induction furnace, to simulate final reduction in a solids bed. The temperature profile through the solids bed was measured and results were compared to model predictions. Finally the extent to which solid state reduction occurs in the solids bed was estimated as a function of production rate.
Dissertation (MEng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
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Lourens, Leon. "Reduction of iron ore fines in the Ifcon furnace." 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-125855.

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Tshofu, Glawdis Shungu. "Green extraction technology for the extraction of iron from iron ore fines." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17610.

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Large quantities of iron ore fines accumulate near iron ore mining operations and cannot be used in conventional iron ore treatment processes. Existing iron ore fines processing techniques are associated with high costs, high energy consumptions and high greenhouse gas emissions. Greater environmental concern in the last few years creates the need to develop greener extraction techniques. In this study, a green method for the extraction of iron from iron ore fines using acetylacetone (C5H8O2) was investigated and several processes for the utilization of the extraction products were proposed. The extraction experiments were performed on iron ore fines containing 93 wt% of hematite. In the gas phase, it was found that the extraction increases with temperature and acetylacetone flowrate but decreases with bed weight. Very low extractions were observed at all the operating conditions under investigation. The highest extraction of only 3.88 % was obtained at 9 mL/min of acetylacetone after 6 hours. The low extractions were attributed to mass transfer limitations probably associated with the passivation of the active surface of the iron ore fines. In order to overcome these limitations the extraction experiments were performed in the liquid phase (leaching). Using a 2k factorial design method, it was found that temperature and solid to liquid ratio had significant effects on the leaching process. The highest iron extraction of 97.7% was obtained at 140 °C, 0.025:1 solid to liquid ratio and a particle size of 106 to 150 μm after 48 hours. An adapted form of the shrinking core model was used for the kinetic analysis of the leaching process and the best fit was found to be the chemical reaction controlled model. However, the calculated activation energy from the modelling was 4.22 kJ/mol suggesting that the process might be controlled by diffusion. The extraction products were easily separated from unreacted acetylacetone using a Heidolph evaporator and iron(III) acetylacetonate crystals were formed in the process. A preliminary study showed that the gas phase recovery of iron from iron(III) acetylacetonate using hydrogen is practically feasible. This work has shown that the proposed extraction method can be used as a platform for the development of two manufacturing processes; the production of iron nanoparticles and that of iron(III) acetylacetonate crystals. An economic feasibility study of the latter process was performed and the large net present value (NPV) of 1.153 Billion Rand, and high internal rate of return (IRR) of 63% were indicators of a profitable process.
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Beyeme, Zogo Jean-Clement. "Beneficiation potential of low-grade iron ore from a discard lumpy stockpile and fines tailings dam at Beeshoek mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3415.

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M.Sc.
An estimated 98% of the iron ore exploited in the world is used in the manufacture of pig iron and steel, which are non-substitutable backbones of modern society. The rapid increase of world steel production over the last few years, driven mainly by economic growth in China, have required an equal increase in iron ore production, from 876.8 Mt in 2006 to 948.1 Mt in 2007. The increased rate of exploitation of iron ores has resulted in a rapid depletion of known high-grade iron ore deposits. This, in turn, has led to a dramatic increase of prices, especially for highly thought-after high-grade lumpy iron ores from BIF-hosted deposits. In the absence of any major new discoveries of high-grade iron ore deposits, mining companies have turned to lower-grade materials to assess their beneficiation potential to expand their production base and beneficiation capacity, in order to satisfy future demand. Within this existing framework, this research project was initiated to assess the beneficiation potential of low-grade lumpy stockpiles and high-grade iron ore fines at Beeshoek Iron Ore Mine, owned by Assmang Ltd. The mine is located 7 km West of Postmasburg, in the Northern Cape Province of South-Africa, and processes currently 5.60 million tons of uncontaminated run-of-mine ore per annum. Crushing, washing, classification and jigging are used to produce 2.12 million tons of (37.8% of ROM) of lumpy iron ore product. The balance (3.48 million tons) is currently not used, but is stockpiled or discarded. This includes 0.90 million tons (16.2% of ROM) of ore-grade fines, 0.86 million tons (15% of ROM) of tailings sludge and 1.74 million tons (31% of ROM) of lumpy low grade material. Both ore-grade fines and low-grade lumpy material are discarded separately; they are currently considered as waste. The low-grade lumpy is stockpiled while the fines are used to fill-in mined-out open pits. The evaluation of the beneficiation potential of these two material streams is the main goal of this study. Representative samples were collected from ore-grade fines and the current stockpile for low-grade lumpy material. Hand sorting and lithological categorization of the lumpy material facilitated petrographic and mineralogical studies using light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray powder diffraction studies. Major and trace element geochemistry were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and titrimetry (to accurately determine the concentration of iron). Whole rock densities were determined for all lithotypes recognized in the low-grade lumpy material. The grain size distribution was determined for the lumpy materials by actual measurement of the diameter of a representative number of particles, and for fines by sieve analysis. Fines beneficiation tests were conducted using spiral separation and simple classification tests. Washing was used as additional beneficiation method on the fines.
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Kuo, Su-Tzu, and 郭素孜. "The Impact of the Prices of Iron Ore Fines on the Currency Appreciation and Depreciation ofAustralian Dollar." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36936225767132069545.

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碩士
大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
103
The iron ore is closely linked with the nation’s economic development. The stock market tends to affect the country's economic construction and GNP, and then impacts the export performance of Australia. Iron ore is very important raw material exported in Australia. The amount of its exports will affect Australia's economic performance, and thereby affect the exchange rate. In this study, the unit root test and vector Auto-Regression model are used to explore the influence of the price of the iron ore on the fluctuation of Australian dollar. The data of iron ore are collected from New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) in order to analyze the influence of iron ore on Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar exchange rate. Monthly data are used and the time span is from January 2009 to May 2014. Empirical results show that the significant medium and high contemporaneous correlation exists between the Australian dollar exchange rate and the price of iron ore, but their price returns doesn’t have a significant contemporaneous correlation.
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De, Villiers Emil E. "Tempo van direkte reduksie van komposiet korrels (Afrikaans)." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30486.

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Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document
Dissertation (M Eng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
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Books on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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James Clavell's Whirlwind.: Volume One: Books One and Two. New York: W. Morrow, 1986.

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Jumping through fires: The gripping story of one man's escape from revolution to redemption. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Books, 2009.

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Hatherley, Candy, and Ross Murray. Culduthel. Society if Antiquaries of Scotland, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/9781908332202.

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The Iron Age settlement at Culduthel (NGR: NH 664 414) is one of the most significant later prehistoric sites identified in mainland Scotland. Archaeological excavation in 2005 revealed a craftworking centre which had specialised in the production of iron, bronze and glass objects between the late 1st Millennium BC and early 1st Millennium AD. This volume combines illustrated catalogues of finds with expert analyses to offer a unique insight into manufacture, trade and exchange of an Iron Age community in north-east Scotland.
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Nasser, David. Jumping Through Fires: The Gripping Story of One Man's Escape from Revolution to Redemption. Baker Books, 2009.

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Harvey, Katherine, and Bruce Reidel. A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631324.001.0001.

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In recent years, the geopolitical rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran has dominated the headlines. Many have charted the polarisation between a Saudi-led Sunni camp and an Iranian-led Shia one, assuming that a predominantly Shia state like Iraq would automatically ally with Iran. In this compelling account, Katherine Harvey tells a different story: Iraq's current alignment with Iran was not a foregone conclusion. Rather, Saudi efforts to undermine Iran have paradoxically empowered it.Harvey investigates why the Saudis refused to engage with Iraq's post-2003 Shia-led government, despite continual outreach by Iraq's new leaders and considerable pressure from the United States. She finds that certain deeply ingrained assumptions predisposed Saudi leaders to see a Shia-led Iraq as naturally beholden to Iran: the view that Iran is inherently expansionist, and the belief that Arab Shia tend to be loyal to it. This outlook was simplistic, even downright inaccurate; and, in refusing to engage, the Saudis created a self-fulfilling prophecy.As Harvey demonstrates, members of Iraq's new government initially sought to establish a positive relationship with Saudi Arabia, and to pursue a course independent from Iran. But, isolated and rejected by Saudi King Abdullah, Iraq ultimately had nowhere else to turn.
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Ghazal, Amal, and Jens Hanssen, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African History. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672530.001.0001.

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It is in moments of great upheaval that societies may best be studied. Today, The North Africa and the Middle East region (MENA) finds itself in the most alarming state since World War I. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle East and North African History is a timely intervention to interrogate the region’s internal dynamics and take stock of its place in world politics. It illuminates afresh dominant historical currents as well as counter-currents that previous accounts have not given their due attention or have failed to notice. Broadly chronological, this volume combines thematic and country-based, multi-disciplinary analysis in order to reconsider half a century of scholarship and to critically examine the defining processes and structures of historical developments from Morocco to Iran and from Turkey to Yemen over the past two centuries.
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Radner, Karen, Nadine Moeller, and D. T. Potts, eds. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume III. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687601.001.0001.

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This groundbreaking, five-volume series offers a fully illustrated history of Egypt and Western Asia (the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran), from the emergence of complex states to the conquest of Alexander the Great. Written by leading scholars, whose expertise brings to life the people, places, and times of the remote past, the volumes focus firmly on the political and social histories of states and communities. Individual chapters present the key textual and material sources underpinning historical reconstruction, paying particular attention to recent archaeological finds and how they impact our understanding. The third volume covers the period from 1600 to 1100 BC or in archaeological terms, the Late Bronze Age. Twelve chapters survey the history of the Near East “From the Hyksos to the late second millennium BC” and discuss the Hyksos state of Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and the Nubian kingdom of Kerma prior to the unification marking the creation of the New Kingdom, the super power of the period; the imperial powers of the Hittites in Central Anatolia and of Mittani in Upper Mesopotamia, which came to be replaced by the rising star of Assyria; the kingdoms of Kassite Babylonia and of Elamite Iran as well as the Mycenaean world centered on the Aegean. Topics include state formation, consolidation and disintegration, the role of political ideologies, social hierarchies and religious practices, modes of governance and administration, and the conflicts, diplomatic efforts, and trade and knowledge networks that connected states and communities between the Sahara, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.
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Godwin, John. Juvenal Satires Book III. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800854864.001.0001.

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Juvenal is the last and in many ways the greatest of the four major Roman verse satirists, and this book aims to offer more evidence of Juvenal’s status as one of the finest satirists the world has seen and one of the best wielders of Latin to have survived from the ancient world. Juvenal’s third book of Satires consists of three complete poems (Satires 7,8 and 9). Satire 7 takes a jaundiced look at intellectual life in Rome, bemoaning the financial poverty which is the lot of the writer, the lawyer and the teacher in an age where patrons may shower them with praise but rarely with cash. Satire 8 is an excoriating account of the old ‘noble’ families and how their current representatives are anything but noble in their behaviour both at home and in the provinces. The scandalous Satire 9 returns to the theme of patronage in a superbly acid dialogue with a certain Naevolus who has served his patron sexually and who now complains of the poor returns for his extensive and energetic labours. All three poems purport to describe and to critique Roman society, but they do so with an irony which draws attention to the medium as well as the message and which makes the speaker of the poetry often the target of his own abuse. The text is accompanied by a literal English translation and the commentary seeks to explain both the factual background to the poems and also the literary qualities which make this poetry exciting and moving to a modern audience.
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Book chapters on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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Prusti, P., K. Barik, D. K. Sahu, S. Soren, B. C. Meikap, and S. K. Biswal. "Recycling and Reuse of Iron Ore Pellet Fines." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 179–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3297-6_17.

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Wu, Shanshan, Zhongci Liu, and Xuewei Lv. "Iron Ore Fines Granulation in a New High Speed Mixing Granulator." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 641–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36628-5_63.

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Yu, Zhengwei, Ruijun Wang, Feng Zhou, Mian ho Zhang, Guanghui Li, and Tao Jiang. "Sintering Behavior of Pelletizing Feed in Composite Agglomeration Process (CAP) of Iron Ore Fines." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 75–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch10.

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Yu, Zhengwei, Ruijun Wang, Feng Zhou, Yuanbo Zhang, Guanghui Li, and Tao Jiang. "Sintering Behavior of Pelletizing Feed in Composite Agglomeration Process (CAP) of Iron Ore Fines." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 75–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_10.

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Hida, Yukihiro, and Minoru Sasaki. "In-Situ Analysis Of Sintering Reactions Of Iron Ore Fines By A “Dynamic Sem”." In Sintering ’87, 435–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_73.

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Zhang, Shengfu, Wei Liu, Shuxing Qiu, Mingrui Yang, Manjie Li, and Haijun Peng. "Carbonization of Coals Mixed Iron ore Fines and Gasification of Resulting Iron Coke with CO2: Transformation of Iron Minerals and Coke Properties." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 523–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093404.ch65.

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Zhang, Shengfu, Wei Liu, Shuxing Qiu, Mingrui Yang, and Manjie Li. "Carbonization of Coals Mixed Iron Ore Fines and Gasification of Resulting Iron Coke with CO2: Transformation of Iron Minerals and Coke Properties." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 523–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48191-3_65.

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Tang, Huiqing, Weidi Liu, Long Ma, and Zhancheng Guo. "Influence of Microwave Radiation on Phosphorus Removal Process of Oolitic High-Phosphorus Iron Ore Fines." In 5th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 427–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118887998.ch53.

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Tang, Huiqing, Ying Mao, Long Ma, and Zhancheng Guo. "CFD Model Development for Gaseous Reduction of Iron Ore Fines Using Multilayer Moving-Fluidized Bed." In 4th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 401–9. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663448.ch49.

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Uwadiale, G. G. O. O. "Upgrading Fine-Grained Iron Ores: (i) General Review (ii) Agbaja Iron Ore." In Advances in Fine Particles Processing, 401–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7959-1_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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Das, G., A. Singh, A. Senguttuvan, and R. Chalavadi. "CFD Simulation of Dry Density Separation of Iron Ore Fines." In AISTech2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/377/073.

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Yuan Li, Tong Zhu, Zhiyu Xin, and Jinchang Li. "Modeling the reduction behavior of iron ore fines in a circulating fluidized bed reactor." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536818.

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Liu, Daifei, Chaojun Tang, Xianju Shi, Haipeng Cao, and Jun Li. "Optimization of Modeling Parameters for Temperature Field of Iron Ore Fines Sintering Based on Sintering Velocity." In 2019 25th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2019.8895171.

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Ludivine, Piezanowski, Nouaille-Degorce Gilles, Hutsebaut Sven, Lumen Wouter, Van de Velde Frederik, Douce Jean-François, and Van Loo Frédérique. "VERTICAL INTENSIVE MIXING FOR PROCESSING FINER IRON ORE IN SINTER PLANT." In 44º Seminário de Redução de Minério de Ferro e Matérias-primas, 15º Simpósio Brasileiro de Minério de Ferro e 2º Simpósio Brasileiro de Aglomeração de Minério de Ferro. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-357x-25342.

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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Joji Yamamoto, Shigeo Kanada, Sotaro Masanobu, Ichihiko Takahashi, Jun Sadaki, Ryosuke Abe, Katsunori Okaya, Seiji Matsuo, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Study on Seafloor Mineral Processing for Mining of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83354.

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Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMSs), which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, has been expected as one of unconventional mineral resources on deep seafloors in the oceans. The authors have proposed the concept of seafloor mineral processing for SMS mining, where valuable minerals contained in SMS ores are separated on seafloor while gangue minerals are disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. To confirm the applicability of column flotation, which is one of conventional mineral processing methods, to seafloor mineral processing, the authors carried out experiments simulating column flotation under the pressure conditions corresponding to the water depths down to 1000m in maximum using ore samples containing copper, iron, zinc and lead. In the experiments, formation of fine bubbles suitable to flotation and overflow of froth layer were observed at high pressures. The contents of copper and zinc in the concentrates recovered in the experiments at 1MPa were higher than those in the feed ores while the contents of silicon and calcium in the concentrates were lower than those in the feed ores. These results suggest that column flotation would be applicable to seafloor mineral processing.
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Selim, Mohamed Y. E., S. M. S. Elfeky, and A. Helali. "Enhancement of Coolant Side Heat Transfer in Water Cooled Engines by Using Finned Cylinder Heads." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1320.

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An experimental investigation has been carried out for almost the first time to examine the heat transfer by forced convection and subcooled boiling from a finned water-cooled engine cylinder head using steady state technique. Cast iron and cast steel specimens with and without fins have been used in the present work. The effects of flow velocity, coolant bulk temperature, fin length, fin number and fin material have been examined. It has been found that the use of finned cylinder head surface greatly improves the forced convection heat transfer coefficient and subcooled boiling heat flux as the fin length and number influenced the heat transfer process. The cast iron specimen exhibited better heat transfer characteristics over the cast steel one. The effects of bulk flow velocity and temperature for flat and finned specimens have been evaluated for forced convection and subcooled boiling. A correlation has been developed to relate the Nusselt number with Reynolds’ number, Prandtl number, viscosity ratio and fin length ratio, for forced convection from the cast iron specimen, which read: Nu=0.023Re0.697Pr0.33μr0.14(1+A)0.623
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Bondarenko, I. V., and E. I. Kuldeyev. "Beneficiation of fine chromite slurry at Donskoy Mining and Beneficiation Plant JSC on concentration tables to produce hard chromite pellets." In Challenges of Science. Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Satbayev University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021.13.

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Processing industrial products and technogenic waste is an important task in the mining and metallurgical industry. In Kazakhstan, the processing of chrome ore from the Kempirsay group of deposits has produced more than 15 million tonnes of slurry tailings containing up to 30 wt% chrome oxide. The best results in the world for the processing of fine chromium raw materials are shown by Turkish enterprises with the use of the separation of slurries by size classes and beneficiation on concentration tables. The authors conducted researches for beneficiation of chrome slurry from Dubersay tailings pond (Kazakhstan) with the use of similar technological methods that enabled to obtain concentrates with chrome oxide content of 51 wt% and increasing the yield of beneficiated fine-graded chrome concentrates by 14% as compared with the existing beneficiation process. Strong chromium pellets with a crushing resistance of over 5000 N/pellet were produced from the rich chromium concentrates with the use of the ferrofluxing iron-calcium-silica binder technology by roasting the composition consisting of rich chromium concentrate, ferrous diatomite, and intermediate products and wastes of the chromium industry.
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Bunin, I., and N. Anashkina. "High-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses and dielectric barrier discharge in air consequences on structural and structure sensitive properties of ilmenite surface." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.c3-p-004001.

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The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the influence of two types of nonequilibrium electrical discharges (high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulse (HPEMP) and dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) in air at atmospheric pressure) have on the surface morphology, microhardness, and physicochemical properties of natural ilmenite (Juina deposit of Brazil). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microhardness testing, contact angles of surface wetting, and streaming potentials are used to examine the morphology, defects, chemical composition of ilmenite surfaces, and its structure sensitive properties. Using FTIR, we established, the following possible mechanisms of the nonthermal effect of HPEMP and DBD low temperature plasma irradiation, which modify the structural state of ilmenite surfaces: (i) the transformation (destruction) of the mineral’s crystalline structure; (ii) the electrical disintegration and removal of fine films of iron oxides (hydroxides) from the ilmenite surfaces, and (iii) the subsequent hydroxylation and/or oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ iron ions on the surfaces, due to the effect of the products of microdischarge plasmas. Advantages of using brief energy treatments (ttreat = 10–30 s) to modify the structural-chemical state of ilmenite surfaces and the physicochemical properties of mineral in order to improve the efficiency of processing complex titanium ores are shown. Keywords: ilmenite, high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses, dielectric barrier discharge, surface, microscopy, spectroscopy, microhardness, electrokinetic potential, contact angle.
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Paik, Jeom Kee, Jung Kwan Seo, Jae Myung Lee, and Jae Hyung Park. "Ultimate Limit State Assessment of the M.V. Derbyshire Hull Structure." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92384.

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The Capesize bulk carrier, M.V. Derbyshire, sank in the North West Pacific during typhoon Orchid in September 1980 when she was on a voyage from Canada to Japan carrying fine iron ore concentrates. Since then, extensive investigations of the vessel sinking have previously been made in the literature primarily by the formal safety assessment (FSA) technique to explore the loss causes, but serious speculation on the failure of hull structures has been lacking in such investigations. The present paper investigates the possibility of the vessel sinking initiated by the failure of hull structures rather than by other loss scenarios such as hatch cover failure subsequent to water ingress into the cargo holds. Ultimate limit state assessments of individual stiffened panels and hulls of the M.V. Derbyshire under extreme bending moments during the last voyage in storm are made using ALPS/ULSAP and ALPS/HULL computer programs. It is concluded that the M.V. Derbyshire could have sunk by hull girder collapse with or even without unintended water ingress into cargo holds. Important insights and findings developed from the present study are summarized.
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Fukubayashi, Harold H. "Present Furnace and Pot Roll Coatings and Future Development." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0125.

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Abstract In the recent past, automotive manufacturers worldwide started to demand sheet metals with very high surface quality, particularly those used in exposed panels. In order to meet this requirement the majority of strip producers started to use thermal spray coatings of one kind of another on essentially all the rolls in annealing, galvanizing, and other processing sections. In fact, no sheet for an exposed application can be produced without the use of roll coatings. Bridle and accumulator rolls in both entrance and exit ends of a galvanizing line are usually coated with tungsten or chromium carbide and/or oxide ceramic. These coatings prevent surface damage on the roll and provide proper friction/grip. In some cases, a properly textured coating provides the desired characteristics or profile on the strip surface. Coatings for furnace and hot tension bridle rolls prevent pickup due to slippage, iron fines, or an accidental change in the furnace atmosphere. The coating on pot and stabilizer rolls in a galvanizing pot prevents not only dross adhesion but also provides high enough friction to eliminate hydroplaning. Deflector or tower rolls are also coated with carbide or ceramic to minimize zinc pickup. The coating on rolls, in general, allows smooth operation of the line and produces an improved strip surface. At the same time, it allows an extension in service life, thus reducing frequency of maintenance shutdown. This paper attempts to review the present state of the art and predict future development.
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Reports on the topic "Iron ore fines"

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of the Goldenville horizon and associated rocks, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328990.

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The Goldenville horizon in the Baie Verte Peninsula is an important stratigraphic horizon that hosts primary (Cambrian to Ordovician) exhalative magnetite and pyrite and was a chemical trap for younger (Silurian to Devonian) orogenic gold mineralization. The horizon is overlain by basaltic flows and volcaniclastic rocks, is intercalated with variably coloured argillites and cherts, and underlain by mafic volcaniclastic rocks; the entire stratigraphy is cut by younger fine-grained mafic dykes and coarser gabbro. Lithogeochemical signatures of the Goldenville horizon allow it to be divided into high-Fe iron formation (HIF; &amp;gt;50% Fe2O3), low-Fe iron formation (LIF; 15-50% Fe2O3), and argillite with iron minerals (AIF; &amp;lt;15% Fe2O3). These variably Fe-rich rocks have Fe-Ti-Mn-Al systematics consistent with element derivation from varying mineral contributions from hydrothermal venting and ambient detrital sedimentation. Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare earth element (REE) signatures for the HIF samples have negative Ce anomalies and patterns similar to modern hydrothermal sediment deposited under oxygenated ocean conditions. The PAAS-normalized REE signatures of LIF samples have positive Ce anomalies, similar to hydrothermal sediment deposited under anoxic to sub-oxic conditions. The paradoxical Ce behaviour is potentially explained by the Mn geochemistry of the LIF samples. The LIF have elevated MnO contents (2.0-7.5 weight %), suggesting that Mn from hydrothermal fluids was oxidized in an oxygenated water column during hydrothermal venting, Mn-oxides then scavenged Ce from seawater, and these Mn-oxides were subsequently deposited in the hydrothermal sediment. The Mn-rich LIF samples with positive Ce anomalies are intercalated with HIF with negative Ce anomalies, both regionally and on a metre scale within drill holes. Thus, the LIF positive Ce anomaly signature may record extended and particle-specific scavenging rather than sub-oxic/redox-stratified marine conditions. Collectively, results suggest that the Cambro-Ordovician Taconic seaway along the Laurentian margin may have been completely or near-completely oxygenated at the time of Goldenville horizon deposition.
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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of rocks from the Nugget Pond Deposit area, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328989.

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Stratigraphic and lithogeochemical data were collected from selected drill core from the Nugget Pond gold deposit in the Betts Cove area, Newfoundland. The stratigraphy consists of a lower unit of basaltic rocks that are massive to pillowed (Mount Misery Formation). This is overlain by sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that consist of lower unit of turbiditic siltstone and hematitic cherts/iron formations (the Nugget Pond member); the unit locally has a volcaniclastic rich-unit at its base and grades upwards into finer grained volcaniclastic/turbiditic rocks. This is capped by basaltic rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that contain pillowed and massive mafic flows that are distinctively plagioclase porphyritic to glomeroporphyritic. The mafic rocks of the Mount Misery Formation have island arc tholeiitic affinities, whereas Scrape Point Formation mafic rocks have normal mid-ocean ridge (N-MORB) to backarc basin basalt (BABB) affinities. One sample of the latter formation has a calc-alkalic affinity. All of these geochemical features are consistent with results and conclusions from previous workers in the area. Clastic sedimentary rocks and Fe-rich sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation have features consistent with derivation from local, juvenile sources (i.e., intra-basinal mafic rocks). The Scrape Point Formation sedimentary rocks with the highest Fe/Al ratios, inferred to have greatest amount of hydrothermally derived Fe, have positive Ce anomalies on Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized trace element plots. These features are consistent with having formed via hydrothermal venting into an anoxic/ sub-oxic water column. Further work is needed to test whether these redox features are a localized feature (i.e., restricted basin) or a widespread feature of the late Cambrian-early Ordovician Iapetus Ocean, as well as to delineate the role that these Fe-rich sedimentary rocks have played in the localization of gold mineralization within the Nugget Pond deposit.
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