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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Irrational Behaviour'
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1
Forward, Sonja. "Driving Violations : Investigating Forms of Irrational Rationality." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9339.
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Gulthawatvichai, Sarist. "Insights into irrational financial trading behaviour : evidence from the UK financial spread-trading markets." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375592/.
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Wyne, Monica A. A. "Stress inoculation training, type A behaviour, and irrational beliefs in medical, dental, and graduate students." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31225.
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This study examined the effects of a stress inoculation training program on self-reported Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) and irrational beliefs in a sample of female medical, dental, and graduate students. Thirteen female medical students from the first, second, and third years of medical school, one female dental student from the first year of dental school, and 16 female graduate student volunteers were assigned to a 6-week stress inoculation group (SI; n = 14) or a 4-hour brief treatment group (BT; n = 16) in a repeated measures (pre, post, 11-week follow-up) quasi-experimental design. Participants completed the Rational Behavior Inventory, the Irrational Beliefs Test, the Type A Irrational Beliefs Test, and the Framingham Type A Scale (modified) in order to assess treatment effects. Price's (1982) cognitive social learning model proposes that TABP is elicited and maintained, in part, by specific beliefs and the fears and anxieties that they engender. Following this model, it was hypothesized that self-reported TABP, irrational beliefs, and Type A irrational beliefs would significantly decrease, and rational behaviour, or general rational thinking, would significantly increase, from pre- to post-test and these changes would be maintained at 11-week follow-up in the SI group, compared with the BT group. Repeated measures MANOVAs with pre-planned contrasts indicated that SI was effective in significantly reducing TABP from pre-to post-test. Both SI and BT were effective in significantly decreasing irrational beliefs and Type A irrational beliefs, as well as significantly increasing rational behaviour, or general rational thinking, from pre to post-test. These changes were maintained at follow-up and provide further insight into the relationship between TABP and irrational beliefs. This study provides partial support for Price's model and implicates the use of stress inoculation training in the treatment of TABP in female medical, dental, and graduate students. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Johnson, Gregory Edward. "The End of Anarchy: Weapons of Mass Destruction and the States System." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4343.
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The basis of this thesis is that weapons of mass destruction will continue to proliferate and will inevitably - given enough time- be used against civilian populations repeatedly.
As this occurs the opposition between support for international law and the power of the state will intensify. This will go on for some time and will, in all probability, become extremely destructive. Eventually, however, the states (and individual people) of the world will realize that the simultaneous existence of international anarchy and weapons of mass destruction runs counter to long term human survival. This realization will , very likely, lead people to eliminate anarchy, i.e. create a world government.
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Hyland, Philip. "A rational emotive behaviour therapy perspective on the nature and structure of posttraumatic stress responses : the mediating and moderating effects of rational and irrational beliefs." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654102.
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Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT: Ellis, 2001) represents the original cognitive behavioural therapy (eBT) model of psychopathology. Although there is much empirical support for the basic theory of REBT (see David, Lynn, & Ellis, 2010), the model has never been tested in the context of posttraumatic stress responses to adverse life events. The first empirical chapter of the thesis investigated the construct validity of the Attitudes and Belief Scale 2 (ABS-2: DiGiuseppe, Leaf, Exner, & Robin, 1988). This chapter employed traditional confirmatory factor analysis and confirmatory bifactor modelling to investigate the psychometric properties of the ABS-2. Results indicated that a bifactoral model conceptualisation was found to offer an adequate representation of the underlying factor structure of the scale. Based on these results, an abbreviated version of the ABS-2 with superior psychometric properties was thus constructed. In the second empirical chapter confirmatory bifactor modelling and composite reliability analysis were employed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Profile of Emotional Distress (PED: Opris & Macavei, 2007). The PED was designed to capture the qualitative distinction between dysfunctional emotions, as predicted by REBT theory. Results indicated that the PED does not capture the distinction between functional and dysfunctional negative emotions, however a bifactor model inclusive of a single general distress factor, and four method factors was found to be an acceptable fit of the data. The third empirical chapter utilised structural equation modelling to test the organisation of the irrational beliefs in the prediction of posttraumatic stress responses. A model consistent with the predictions of REBT theory was found to be a good fit of the data and explained a large percentage of variance in each symptom class of posttraumatic stress. The fourth empirical chapter provided the first piece of empirical evidence that generalised irrational beliefs impact upon posttraumatic stress symptoms via trauma-specific irrational beliefs; a frequently hypothesised relationship which had hitherto remained untested. Results of structural equation modelling offered support for this core hypothesis. Subsequently, the fifth empirical chapter investigated the impact of trauma-specific irrational beliefs in the prediction of reporting posttraumatic stress symptoms while controlling for a number of important sociodemographic factors. Binary logistic regression ~ .. ~ ... analysis was employed and found that three irrational belief process positively predicted belong to the strongly symptomatic group. Finally, the sixth empirical chapter employed sequential moderated multiple regression analysis to determine if rational beliefs could positively moderate the impact of irrational beliefs of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Rational beliefs were found to exert a negative, direct effect on posttraumatic stress symptoms, and to lessen the impact of irrational beliefs on posttraumatic stress responses.
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Javor, Matúš. "Psychologické fenomény v behaviorální ekonomii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358778.
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Diploma thesis deals with topic of given phenomena of behavioural economics. Specifically, it deals with endowment effect, decoy effect and paradox of choice. The goal of the thesis is to verify influence of given phenomena of behavioural economics in practice. Research part deals with analysis of the phenomena which influence decision-making in financial or economic issues and causes individual to behave irrationally and not like Homo oeconomicus. In an analytical part are then given phenomena verified by method of quantitative analysis in real market on given company. Quantitative analysis deals predominantly with breakdown of customer reactions on marketing strategies of given company in defined period. Integral part of the thesis is based on executed research draw practical recommendations for examined company.
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PRESSACCO, ELENA. "Disposable empties. Reading Economic Phenomena through Architecture." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2842531.
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Нілова, Наталія Марківна, Наталья Марковна Нилова, Nataliia Markivna Nilova, and К. О. Мартиненко. "Features of customers' irrational behavior." Thesis, Наукова економічна організація "Перспектива", 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59930.
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In the work authrors making research in the field of neuroeconomics, describing use of it in economic modeling; explanation of inflation, unempolyment and economic growth.В работе, авторы исследуют нейроэкономику, её применение в экономической модели, объяснении инфляции, безработицы и экономического роста
В роботі автори досліджують нейроекономіку, її використання в економічній моделі, пояснення інфляйії, безробіття та економічного зростання
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Нілова, Наталія Марківна, Наталья Марковна Нилова, and Nataliia Markivna Nilova. "Solving the customer's irrational behavior of problem with the help of neuroeconomics." Thesis, Сумський Національний Аграрний Університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59921.
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Work describes new field of research in economics - neuroeconomics. It is application in solving the problem of it onirrational customers' behavior problem.В роботі описується новий напрямок в економіці - нейроекономіка. ЇЇ викорисання при рішенні проблеми ірраціональної поведінки споживачів
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Steenbergh, Timothy A. "A laboratory study of the relationship between gambling-related irrational beliefs and gambling behavior." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3017976.
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Rabalais, Toni Loe. "Understanding the impact os stress, irrational health beliefs, and health behaviors among adults18-45." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/379.
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This study examined the role of stress on irrational health beliefs and health behaviors among individuals 18-45 years old. Previous research has shown that this age group reported higher stress levels, more physical symptoms of stress, and the highest level of negative health behaviors. The theoretical frameworks were health belief model, the transactional model of stress and coping theory, and Ellis's concept of irrational beliefs. A survey using 3 published instruments measured the perceived stress level, irrational health beliefs, and health behaviors of a sample of 97 individuals aged 18-45. The data were quantitatively assessed using a mediation model to test a significant relationship between the predictor variable, perceived stress, and the criterion variable, health behaviors, using the mediating variable of irrational health beliefs. Findings suggest that higher stress levels are related to health behaviors (p ˂ .001), while stress did not make a significant contribution to irrational health beliefs (p = .092). Moreover, findings indicated that greater irrational health beliefs are related to more negative health behaviors (p = .010). Irrational health beliefs were not found to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and health behaviors. This research supports and extends the current body of research examining the relationship between stress, irrational health beliefs, and health behaviors. The results of this study can provide insight into how stress is related to thoughts and behaviors, specifically focusing on health. This study may aid health psychologists by providing information that can contribute to the development of interventions to reduce stress, reduce irrational health beliefs, and improve health behaviors.
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Jensen, Peter Eli. "Evaluating the ABC model of rational emotive behavior therapy theory an analysis of the relationship between irrational thinking and guilt /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1588785791&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Yang, Youhong. "The rationalities of irrational behaviours : the dynamics of the owner-occupied residential property process in Shenzhen, China." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6925/.
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Fagerström, Sixten. "Behavioural Finance : The psychological impact and overconfidence in financial markets." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1326.
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Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate overconfidence and over-optimism in the market. This leads the reader to the question, are the analysts “right” concerning their forecasts? The reader will also get to understand various and sometimes forgotten factors that affect we human beings in our decision making when it comes to investing and analysing which is also known as the behavioural finance theory.
Conclusion
According to the results from my tests it seems that analysts of the S&P500 are exaggerated by the problem of overconfidence and the over-optimistic biases. The analysis part of this study is confirming the discussed theory of anchoring and herding. Analysts tend to “follow the stream”, by evaluate the standard deviations between forecasts and the realized outcome, as well as the indexed analysts’ consensus estimations for twenty-four months of EPS.
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Bargman, Daniil. "How Irrational Behavour Creates Order and How This Order Can Be Determined : The Theory and Practice of Fractal Market Analysis." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15533.
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This paper analyzes two main frameworks that challenge the “mainstream” finance theory and the random walk hypothesis. The first framework is based on investor irrationality and is called Behavioural Finance. The second framework views the financial market as a chaotic system and is called Fractal Theory of a financial market. Behavioural Finance attacks the assumption of investor rationality, thus challenging the conventional finance theories on the micro level. Fractal Theory challenges the EMH and the “macroeconomics” of finance. This paper presents a step towards unifying the frameworks of Behavioural Finance and Fractal Theory. After a review of the relevant literature, a model of the financial market is suggested that rests on the predictions of both Behavioural Finance and Fractal Theory. As a next step, a mathematical algorithm is described that allows to test the financial market for consistency with the presented model. The mathematical algorithm is applied to 10 years of daily S&P500 price quotes, and consistent statistical evidence shows that the predicted fractal pattern reveals itself in the S&P500 prices. The new model outperforms the random walk in out-of-sample forecasting.
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Jankauskaitė, Julė. "Individų pasirinkimų elgsenos finansų kontekste bei požiūrio į perteklinio pasirinkimo situacijas tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140127_131742-52758.
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Magistro baigiamajame analizuoti ir įvertinti pasirinkimai elgsenos finansų kontekste bei požiūris į perteklinio pasirinkimo situacijas. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pateikiama racionalios ekonominės elgsenos kritika, apžvelgiama elgsenos finansų disciplina kaip alternatyva vyraujančiai paradigmai, apžvelgiamos dažniausiai pasireiškiančios euristikos bei polinkiai. Pristatoma per didelio pasirinkimo problema bei pateikiami susisteminti šios srities tyrimai. Pagrindžiant empirinio tyrimo metodiką, antrojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis užsienio autorių tyrimais, parenkami tikrinami polinkiai bei euristikos, sudaromas klausimynas, atliekamas pilotinis tyrimas, sudaroma tyrimo anketa, vertinamas patikimumas. Trečiojoje dalyje lyginami ir taikant statistinius metodus analizuojami empirinio tyrimo rezultatai, ieškoma reikšmingų sąsajų, pateikiamos įžvalgos, apibendrinami rezultatai ir apžvelgiamos galimos tolimesnių tyrimų kryptys. Galiausiai pateikiamos išvados ir siūlomos būsimų tyrimų kryptys.Master‘s thesis aims to analyze and evaluate choices in the context of behavioral finance and attitude towards overchoice. In the first part of the thesis, criticism of rational choice theory is provided, behavioral finance is portrayed as an alternative to mainstream finance and the most common heuristics and biases are reviewed. The problem of overchoice is discussed and research in this field is reviewed. In the second part of the thesis, methodology for studying choice in the context of behavioral finance and approach to overchoice is formed: the most probable heuristics and biases are chosen, a pilot questionnaire is composed, a pilot survey is carried our, the pilot questionnaire is updated to obtain the final version, validity of the survey is evaluated. In the third part of the thesis, survey results are analyzed, statistically significant relations are sought, insights are provided, results are summarized and possible directions for future research are outlined.
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Nordin, Charlotte, and Erik Wikfeldt. "Priset på förväntan : En studie i hur unga tillväxtföretag värderas i praktiken." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16806.
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Unga tillväxtföretag är svåra att värdera då tillgången till information är bristfällig. En potentiell investerare måste därmed uppskatta det unga tillväxtföretagets framtida utveckling då trender inte kan spåras i historisk data. Osäkerhetsfaktorn, såväl som den höga risken för misslyckande, måste således vägas in. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur värderingen av unga tillväxtföretag går till i praktiken samt se hur risk och irrationalitet hanteras i processen. Vårt delsyfte är även att urskilja de faktorer som styr priset på ägarandelen. Vi har valt en kvalitativ ansats för att besvara vår frågeställning och för att få en djupare förståelse för de faktorer som inverkar på värderingen samt få en inblick i det mänskliga beteendet i investeringsprocessen. I denna undersökning har vi intervjuat tre representanter från Venture Capital-bolag samt tre affärsänglar. Respondenternas svar har sedan analyserats med utgångspunkt i uppsatsens teoretiska referensram som berör ämnena investeringsprocess, värdedrivare, värderingsmodeller, riskhantering samt irrationellt beteende. Studiens analys och slutsats visar att entreprenörens kvalitéer är den främsta värdedrivaren när ett ungt bolag med stor tillväxtpotential ska värderas och en avgörande faktor för ett investeringsbeslut. Andra viktiga parametrar är tillväxtmöjligheter så som goda marknadsförutsättningar och konkurrensfördelar gentemot andra aktörer. Mjuk och hårddata som finns till förfogande samt bedömarens intuition och erfarenhet från tidigare investeringar bildar tillsammans den slutgiltiga uppfattningen om hur företaget rimligtvis kan utvecklas. Intuitionen ses som ett viktigt kompletterande verktyg när informationsbrist råder vid värderingen. Avkastningen kan emellertid påverkas negativt när intuitionen vilseleder och resulterar i misstolkning av verkligheten. Den vanligaste värderingsmetoden som används är jämförande värdering där multiplar från liknande bolag används. Dock minskas kravet på en preciserad värdering ju större den potentiella avkastningen är. Innan investeringsbeslutet utförs en due diligence för att undersöka om den information de fått av bolaget stämmer samt att ingen information undanhållits. Investerarens uppfattning om bolagets värde ställs sedan mot entreprenörens under en förhandling där aktiepriset slutligen fastställs. En entreprenör som är en skicklig förhandlare och duktig på att marknadsföra sig i riskkapitalbranschen kan dock generera en högre värdering. Detta kan resultera i att investeraren vill förhandla om reglerande mekanismer som ska säkra investerarens avkastning. Strikta avtal, krav på preferensaktier samt andra specialklausuler kan då reducera värderingens betydelse.Young companies with high growth potential are difficult to value since access to information is inadequate. A potential investor must therefore estimate the young growth company’s future development, since trends cannot be based on historical data. Thus the uncertainty factor as well as the high risk of failure must be weighed in. The purpose of this paper is to examine how valuation of young companies with high growth potential works in practice and see how risks and irrational behavior are managed during the evaluation process. Part of our purpose is also to identify factors that affect the price of ownership. We have chosen a qualitative approach to answer our question of formulation and to get a deeper understanding of the factors affecting valuation, as well provide insights into the human behavior in the investment process. In this paper, we have interviewed three representatives from venture capital companies, as well three business angel investors. The respondents' answers were then analyzed on the basis of the essays formulated theoretical framework, which affects the areas investment process, value-drivers, valuation models, risk management and irrational behavior. The study analysis and conclusions indicate that the entrepreneur’s own quality’s is the primary value-driver when a young company with great growth potential is valued and a decisive factor for an investment decision. Other important parameters are growth potentials such as favorable market conditions and competitive advantages over other players. Soft and hard data that is available as well as the assessor's intuition and experience from previous investments form together the final view of how the company reasonably can be developed. Due to the limited information, intuition is seen as a complementing tool in the valuation. The return may be negatively affected when intuition misleads and results in a misrepresentation of reality. The most common valuation method used is comparative valuation applying multiples of comparable companies. However, the greater the potential return is, the less important a precise value becomes. Before the investment decision is made, the investor executes a due diligence to ascertain whether the information gained by the company is correct and that no information is withheld. The investor's perception of the company's value is then set against the entrepreneur’s during a negotiation at which the stock price is finally determined. An entrepreneur who is a skilled negotiator and good at marketing themselves in the venture capital industry can however generate a higher valuation. This can result in that the investor wants to negotiate regulatory mechanisms that will secure the investor's return. Strict contracts, requirements for preferred stock and other special clauses can reduce the significance of the value.
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Vítek, Roman. "Postkeynesiánská teorie peněz: vliv na ekonomickou (ne)stabilitu a možnosti jejího řešení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75658.
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The diploma thesis analyses the influence of money on the economic instability by the view of Post Keynesian economic theory. The paper answers the question, what creates the economic instability and if it's possible to eliminate or least reduce the instability. The money is here always seen as credit, which is made by institutions on the financial market. We need trust to create money. However the confidence is based on long-term expectations, which are not rational. The result of the analysis is that the trust growth in economy leads to growth of creation of money, whereby more money based on irrational, by psychology influenced expectations, is made. The economy becomes less stable, because there is more money in it, than people will have in the future to pay for its extinction. As the irrational expectation is an exogenous variable, which basically cannot be influenced, the economic instability is ineliminable and therefore allied to economy. We can only reduce instability by focusing on limiting factors in the creation of money, or on areas, where the irrational action can vent itself. Into consideration comes regulation of the financial institutions size, or regulation of international capital flow.
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Stratton, Alison Kathryn. "The role of emotion in rational decision-making." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80580.
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Within philosophy of emotion, there has been the development of a pro-emotion consensus that claims emotion plays a positive and important role within decision-making. It has been suggested that the pro-emotion consensus is replacing "traditional" views of emotion which claim emotion is disruptive to rationality and is often the cause of irrational behaviour; claims which appear to be supported by empirical evidence. In this thesis I will be examining several pro-emotion theories and historical theories of emotion. I will argue that the suggestion that all historical theories of emotion are "anti-emotion" theories is incorrect and fails to take into account the many differences between historical accounts. In fact, claims made by some of these historical theories are not unlike those made by some pro-emotion accounts; the view that emotion is disruptive to rationality is limited to a small number of historical theories. Although all pro-emotion theories agree that emotion is necessary for decision-making, there are differences between accounts regarding the exact function emotion serves. I will argue that perceptual pro-emotion theories provide the best explanation of the role of emotion and of emotionally-driven irrational behaviour. I aim to show that the claims made by these perceptual theories and (some) historical theories are compatible and when we combine the insights of these accounts we have a comprehensive explanation of the role of emotions within rational decision-making, which can account for emotionally driven irrational behaviour and still maintain that emotions are necessary for decision-making.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2012
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Kufakunesu, Moses. "The influence of irrational beliefs on the mathematics achievement of secondary school learners in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20072.
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This study explored the influence of irrational beliefs on adolescent secondary school learners’ Mathematics achievement in Zimbabwe. Learner, home and school factors which influence secondary school learners’ Mathematics achievement were discussed and relevant studies were scrutinised. The theoretical views of Albert Ellis regarding the characteristics, effects, acquisition and maintenance of irrational beliefs were discussed together with the major irrational beliefs and their possible relationship with learners’ Mathematics achievement. A sample of 306 randomly selected adolescent Mathematics learners comprising 182 girls and 124 boys in the 14 to 18 year age range participated in the study. A composite questionnaire with subscales on learners’ irrational beliefs, socio-affective variables and perceptions was used during the empirical investigation. Six major hypotheses were tested. The study established that learners’ irrational thoughts about Mathematics correlate negatively with their Mathematics achievement. Learners’ irrational thoughts about Mathematics correlated negatively with motivation, self-concept, parental involvement, and teacher-learner relationships and positively with stress, anxiety and faulty perceptions. Regression analysis proved that learners’ irrational beliefs, socio-affective variables and perceptions jointly explain a greater proportion of the variance in Mathematics achievement than any one of these factors on its own. Therefore, learners’ Mathematics achievement is affected by irrational beliefs together with their socio-affective variables and perceptions. Practical recommendations were given to Mathematics education stakeholders such as teachers, school counsellors, parents and learners to minimise poor Mathematics achievement attributable to irrational beliefs and the allied variables explored in this study.Psychology of Education
D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Wang, Su-Fei Sophia, and 王素菲. "Irrational Behavior on Purchasing Dietary Supplements." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2wz4hw.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
107
Purpose ehavioral economics has becoming a new stream of economics that aims to explain human behavior with reference to their actual incentives instead of those proposed by classical economics. Our thesis is to study the relationship between demographic factors and Irrational Behavior on Purchasing Dietary Supplements. Method We conducted a survey from December 2018 – January 2019. The target population consist of athletes and employees from the financial sector . A total of 530 complete questionnaires were returned (response rate = 96%). We then performed Pearson’s Chi-squared correlation test, Fisher’s exact test, independent sample test, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression to determine factors associated with irrational consumer behaviors. Result The results showed that women were more prone to irrationality then men. Athletes were more impulsive than non-athletes. Employees from the financial sector were more irrational than employees from other sectors. Irrational behaviors were more prevalent for those with lower income. People in neuroticism nature showed higher irrationality in purchasing behavior than other groups. We also found those who self-rated as the “Impulsive type” are more prone to irrational behaviors. Those who termed themselves as the “imaginative type” showed strongest endowment effect and loss aversion behaviors. Conclusion Our survey results demonstrate that demographic factors are associated with consumer irrational purchasing behaviors, which is in line with the recent development of behavioral economics. Low pricing strategies may not be the most V efficient way to increase demand. Instead, company should emphasize on the value of their product from consumer’s perspective by determining the actual incentives associated with purchasing intensions.
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Chang, Che-Chia, and 張哲嘉. "Irrational Investors’ Behavior Judging From Evidence of the Siamese Twins." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17066734916858886437.
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碩士國立臺北大學
經濟學系
97
Behavioral finance considers that psychological factors like representativeness heuristic and conservatism bias will affect investors while constructing their portfolios. Representativeness heuristic means representative information being evaluated disproportional to its share in the probability distribution. Conservatism bias implies that investors are willing to adjust their behavior based on new information, but not fast enough. This may lead to their disagreement with corporations’ random earnings, thus making stock prices deviate from their fundamental values through trading. The purpose of this study is to use the behavioral finance theory to empirically investigate price deviation causes of the Siamese twins. If markets are frictionless and arbitrage is not limited, then the law of one price would hold for the Siamese twins. We use price data of TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) and UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) as samples to perform the research. It is found that price deviations between both TSMC’s and UMC’s ADRs (American Depository Receipts) and their domestic stocks are large, implying investors’ behavior styles being different in the Taiwan and American markets. And the long-lasting price deviations suggest that arbitrage is limited. Like Scruggs (2007), we define the conditional heteroscedasticity of regression residuals as noise trader risks. The risks are high in the early trading years and relatively low in the recent years for TSMC, but the opposite pattern is observed for UMC. However, for both TSMC and UMC, the price deviation patterns are similar to corresponding patterns of their noise trader risks. Therefore, noise trader risks may be the main cause of price deviations and restricted arbitrage for the Siamese twins studied.
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Wong, Cheng-Po, and 王建博. "Irrational Choice Behavior: An Empirical Study on Housing Mortgage Market." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48103256581785606432.
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Wu, Tzu-hui, and 吳慈惠. "Interaction between Intraday Rational and Irrational Herding Behavior and Market Quality." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57108451585426550912.
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碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
102
A comment investment question is: Is herding behavior rational or irrational? Previous studies don’t propose effective methodologies to identify this behavior, or deeply investigate the differences of both rational and irrational herding behavior. The purpose of this study is to propose some methodologies to measure rational herding. Initially, we use the “S statistic” proposed by Bernhardt, et al. (2006) which was originally used to estimate the probability of analysts’ herding and apply it to the stock market. Second, we use the condition of following return to identify order imbalance as rational herding. Then, the residuals form the regression of that unexplained by rational herding. Finally, we research the interaction between rational and irrational herding and market volatility, efficiency, and noise using the Vector Autoregression Model. The findings of this paper are: (1) Rational herding can decrease volatility and noise, but has no significant impact on efficiency in high market value situations. (2) Rational herding can also decrease noise but increase volatility, however there is also no significant impact on efficiency in low market value situations. (3) Irrational herding can increase volatility and noise but has no significant impact on efficiency in either high or low market value situations. (4) Volatility and noise can decrease rational herding in high market value situations, but the volatility increases rational herding and noise still decreases rational herding in low market value situations. (5) Volatility and noise can increase irrational herding in both high and low market values situations. (6) Market efficiency has no impact on rational or irrational herding in either high or low market value situations.
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Fan, Kang-Tzu, and 范綱慈. "Exploring The Irrational Behavior of Online Investors - Taking PTT as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58e3fd.
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碩士東海大學
經濟系
107
This articles aims to clarify whether the effect of the events in a specific Bulletin Board System PTT has impact on the Taiwan stock market, in which we investigate the influence of PTT on the fluctuation by a capital asset pricing model (CAPM) associated with ill liquidity (ILLIQ). This study classifies the securities into three groups: electronic, traditional, and financial stocks. We explore the relationship through two paths associated with earning and inefficiency, which shed the light to discover the animal spirit effect on the Taiwan stock market. The result shows that PTT indeed causes a significant effect on the stock market in Taiwan, and the major group (electronic stocks) that are easily affected by the events or manipulation in PTT, which are employed with high risk and high reward for the risk takers.
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林孟嫻. "Relationship between Junior High School Students' Irrational Beliefs and Delinquent Behaviors." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24794892531471074896.
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Chen, Hsia-Ping, and 陳夏萍. "A Study on the Irrational Investment Behaviors in Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mfakte.
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碩士龍華科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
107
Traditional financial theory relied heavily on the assumption that investors are rational decision maker. However, Shiller (1982) argued that investor may not be rational and suffered from some irrational behavior such as over confidence or disposition effect. In this paper, we explored the question about whether investors in TSE are subject to such irrational behavior. We applied raw data of Taiwan margin trading from 2015 to 2018. Our results show that Taiwanese investor may not be rational. Specifically, Aged, senior male investor were more frequently trading and involved more diversify portfolio than others, these leaded them to have inferior investment performance. On the other hand, investment losses leaded investors to hold their positions longer or sale by batches, this disposition effect may leaded investor to suffer more investment losses than others.
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Li, Ching-Chien, and 李青蒨. "The Threshold Effect of Oil Price Change on Investors’ Irrational Behavior－An Empirical Evidence from Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87709970314225438204.
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碩士國防管理學院
國防財務資源研究所
96
In traditional financial theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) asserts that prices on traded asserts already reflect all information, and it is impossible for investors to consistently outperform the overall stock markets. Investors’ reactions are random and arbitrageurs eliminate the effect of irrational actions. The higher proportion of retail investors causes the existence of anomalous price phenomena in Taiwan stock market. In this research, we will study the threshold effect of crude oil price on investors’ irrational behaviors, such as representative bias, over reaction, under reaction, over confidence. The panel threshold which has been published by Hansen (1999) will be adopted as our analytical model. The empirical results show that the influences of unemployment rate, the change of wholesale price index and momentary policy on the tendency of investors’ representative bias, over reaction, under reaction, over confidence, varies across different threshold regions, which are determined by the change of crude oil price.
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Pan, Chien-Hung, and 潘建宏. "Study on Investor''s Irrational Behavior affected Taiwan Stocks : Portfolio Optimization considering SP/A Theory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87258f.
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碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
103
Modern portfolio theory (MPT) considers that the market is efficient and investors are rational, MPT also agree that investors are prone to make cognitive errors, but there are enough rational investors to correct these pricing mistakes. Therefore market prices are informationally efficient. However, investors may have different perception on the market. This study considers the portfolio optimization problem taking the advantage of price movements of stocks caused by these irrational behaviors while still considering the prospect of the investor. We consider behavioral stock (called B-stock) that can be significantly impacted by over-reaction, and disposition effect of the investors. In addition to applying SP/A theory to assign the weights on the future returns, we consider 6 sets of qs and qp and test with fixed and changing prospect of future return. Based on the historical scenario, we apply a sample mixed integer quadratic program (MIQP) to determine the portfolio that has the most likely chance to have the positive price effect from the B-stocks while the return is within a predetermined loss threshold or aspiration level. This model combines with two-dimensional probability weighting function aim to reflect the personality tendency while considering the objective statistic information the likelihood of irrational behaviors to effect stock prices. This study aims to find the best combination of investment personality and future prospect, considering the effect of irrational behaviors to stock returns, to have a superior portfolio.
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He, Jia-Ling, and 何佳玲. "A Study Between Transaction Tax Deduction on Day-trading of Taiwan Stock Market and Irrational Behavior of Investors." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w99s93.
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碩士元智大學
財務金融暨會計碩士班(財務金融學程)
106
In recent years, research papers on behavioral finance have been very popular, and the discussion of overconfidence is also widely known. Most of the literature focuses on the relationship between overconfidence and investment performance, and less on how to influence investor confidence in trading behavior. As a result of the empirical results, we find out that after the policy of Tax Deduction on Day-Trading, the effect in the trading volume/day-trading volume of Taiwan 50 and GreTai 50 are increase significantly later instead of beginning period. In terms of confidence factor, whether you invest in Taiwan 50 or GreTai 50, the degree of confidence has increased significantly. Finally, the regression model points out that the trading volume doesn’t have strong relationship with the confidence of investors, also it will not increase the degree of confidence.
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Chau-wan-kuo and 郭照婉. "A Study on the Relationship among Irrational Beliefs, Peer Relationships, and Pro-social Behaviors in Junior High School Students." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12536468316618794341.
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碩士高雄師範大學
教育學系
98
The study is to explore the relationship among irrational beliefs, peer relationships, and pro-social behaviors in junior high school students. The purposes include : 1. understanding the status quo of irrational beliefs, peer relationships, and pro-social behaviors among junior high school students; 2. comparing the differentiation of irrational beliefs, peer relationships, and pro-social behaviors among junior high school students with different background variables; 3. quarrying the differentiation among those students’ irrational beliefs, peer relationships and pro-social behaviors; 4. burrowing into the relationship among irrational beliefs, peer relationships, and pro-social behaviors in junior high school students; 5. tracing the relationship of peer relationships and pro-social behaviors in junior high school students; 6. analyzing the predictability of pro-social behaviors to irrational beliefs, peer relationships among those students; 7. inducing research results and providing concrete suggestions for parents, teachers and academic units to make a reference in junior high school student guidance and researches. The study used questionnaire survey and stratified random sampling to select 1161 students as subjects from common students of 1st graders, 2nd graders and 3rd graders in public junior high schools of Kaohsiung County and City. Then, “questionnaire of basic personal background information”, “scale of personal living belief”, “scale of peer relationship” and “scale of pro-social behavior” were used as instrument for surveying. The received data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The boy students bore more irrational beliefs than the girl students, and the most common irrational belief among the boy students was high self-expectation. 2. The peer relationships and pro-social behaviors among junior high school students were quite well, and the performances of the girl students were better than those of the boy students. 3. The irrational beliefs of junior high school students were influenced by their academic achievements and parenting styles. 4. The performance of peer relationships among junior high school students was influenced by their academic achievements, parenting styles and their mothers’ education degrees. 5. The pro-social behaviors of junior high school students were influenced by their academic achievements, birth order, father’s parenting style and different family structure. 6. While there were different degrees of irrational beliefs such as frustration reaction, excessive anxiety, difficulty avoidance, perfectionism, there were different performances of peer relationships and pro-social behaviors. 7. Those junior high school students who behaved more better in peer relationships such as interpersonal needs, harmony and interaction had more performances of pro-social behaviors than those who behaved poorly in peer relationships. 8. There were relationships among junior high school students’ irrational beliefs, peer relationships and performance of social behaviors, though the relationship was very weak. 9. The better the peer relationships junior high school students had, the more the performances of pro-social behaviors they behaved. 10. The irrational beliefs and peer relationships of junior high school students could predict their pro-social behaviors. According to the above-mentioned research conclusions, concrete suggestions were provided as references for parents, teachers, academic units and future researches.
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Booyens, Lorraine. "Streshantering by studente aan 'n teologiese kollege deur middel van Rasioneel Emotiewe Terapie." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/935.
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Text in AfrikaansStudents who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism
Educational Studies
M.Ed.
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yu, wu ting, and 吳庭育. "The Relationship between Sixth Graders’ Irrational Beliefs about Learningand Gender, Locus of Control, Types of Parental Child-rearing Practice,Types of Teachers’ Teaching Behaviors." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86950766925934201575.
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碩士國立屏東師範學院
教育心理與輔導學系碩士班
93
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between sixth graders’ irrational beliefs about learning and their gender, locus of control, types of parental child-rearing practices, and types of teachers’ teaching behaviors. The participants were 297 sixth-grade students drawn from ten elementary schools in Kaohsiung County. Each student filled out a scale of irrational beliefs about learning, a scale of locus of control, a scale of parental child-rearing practices, and a scale of teachers’ teaching behaviors. The students’ grades were also obtained from school administrators. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Among the subscales of irrational beliefs about learning, the students scored higher on the ”anxiety and depression” , ”perfectionism” and “frustration response” subscales. 2. There was no difference between students of different gender on their irrational beliefs about learning. 3. The students with higher academic achievement tended to score higher on the “imposed to be approved”, “high self-expectancy”, “wrong emotional response”, “avoidance to difficulties”, “fixed and unchangeable”, ” perfectionism”, “hedornism”, “over depence” subscales of irrational beliefs about learning. 4. No significant relationship was found between locus of control and irrational beliefs about learning. 5. No significant relationship was found between teachers’ teaching behaviors and irrational beliefs about learning. 6. The children whose father’s child-rearing practices were “low warmth and low control” scored higher on the “wrong emotional response” subscale of irrational beliefs about learning than the children whose fathers’ were “high warmth and low control”. 7. The children whose mothers’ child-rearing practices were “low warmth and low control” scored higher on the ” imposed to be approved” subscale of irrational beliefs about learning than the children whose mothers’ were “low warmth and low control”. The children whose mothers’ child-rearing practices were “high warmth and low control” scored higher on the “high self-expectancy” subscale of irrational beliefs about learning than the children whose mothers’ were “low warmth and low control”. The children whose mothers’ child-rearing practices were “high warmth and high control” scored higher than the children whose mothers’ were “low warmth and low control” on the “wrong emotional response”, “anxiety and depression”, “perfectionism” subscales of irrational beliefs about learning. 8. Parental child-rearing practices and academic achievement predicted the children’s irrational beliefs about learning significantly, while the children’s irrational beliefs about learning predicted their academic achievement significantly. Based on the findings, implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.