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Journal articles on the topic 'Irrational thinking'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ziegler, Daniel J., and Phillip N. Smith. "Anger and the ABC Model Underlying Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.1009-1014.

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The ABC model underlying Ellis's Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy predicts that people who think more irrationally should display greater trait anger than do people who think less irrationally. This study tested this prediction regarding the ABC model. 186 college students were administered the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory–Second Edition to measure irrational thinking and trait anger, respectively. Students who scored higher on Overall Irrational Thinking and Low Frustration Tolerance scored significantly higher on Trait Anger than did those who scored lower on Overall Irrational Thinking and Low Frustration Tolerance. This indicates support for the ABC model, especially Ellis's construct of irrational beliefs which is central to the model.

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2

Ziegler, Daniel J., and Yvonne M. Leslie. "A Test of the ABC Model Underlying Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy." Psychological Reports 92, no. 1 (February 2003): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.235.

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The ABC model underlying Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy predicts that people who think more irrationally should respond to daily stressors or hassles differently than do people who think less irrationally. This study tested this aspect of the ABC model. 192 college students were administered the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the Hassles Scale to measure irrational thinking and daily hassles, respectively. Students who scored higher on overall irrational thinking reported a significantly higher frequency of hassles than did those who scored lower on overall irrational thinking, while students who scored higher on awfulizing and low frustration tolerance reported a significantly greater intensity of hassles than did those who scored lower on awfulizing and low frustration tolerance. This indicates support for the ABC model, especially Ellis's construct of irrational beliefs central to this model.

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3

Baron, Jonathan. "Some thinking is irrational." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 1991): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00070825.

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4

Ismiriam Rakhmi, Defani. "Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy untuk menurunkan perilaku melukai diri pada pasien dengan gangguan kecemasan umum." Procedia : Studi Kasus dan Intervensi Psikologi 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v9i1.15799.

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The subject is a 22 year old woman who is a victim of bullying. Subjects often think irrationally to solve problems without thinking about long-term consequences, one of which is doing self-injury. From the results of the assessment, the subject showed symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The therapy applied to the subject is Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to reduce irrational thinking and maladaptive behavior. Therapy carried out in 6 sessions. The results of the intervention show that the subject can change irrational thinking to become rational. The subject may decide not to self-injure while solving the problem.

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5

Balevre, Park. "PROFESSIONAL NURSING BURNOUT AND IRRATIONAL THINKING." Journal for Nurses in Staff Development (JNSD) 17, no. 5 (September 2001): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124645-200109000-00012.

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6

Balevre, Park S., Julie Cassells, and Elena Buzaianu. "Professional Nursing Burnout and Irrational Thinking." Journal for Nurses in Staff Development 28, no. 1 (2012): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0b013e318240a65a.

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7

Walker, Michael B. "Irrational thinking among slot machine players." Journal of Gambling Studies 8, no. 3 (1992): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01014652.

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8

Flett, Gordon L., Paul L. Hewitt, Kirk R. Blankstein, and Spomenka Koledin. "Dimensions of perfectionism and irrational thinking." Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 9, no. 3 (1991): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061229.

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9

Michalik-Jeżowska, Magdalena. "About Possible Benefits from Irrational Thinking in Everyday Life." Studia Humana 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2019-0016.

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Abstract In this work, no denying the role, or even more so, the value of rational thinking, it is assumed that it is not the only effective tool for man to achieve his valuable goals. It is conjectured here that sometimes irrational thinking is an equally good (and sometimes even better than rational thinking) means of achieving them. In the light of these assumptions, the goal of my work is to indicate the benefits that may be the result of irrational thinking in the colloquial (i.e. unscientific) domain of everyday human practice. The given examples of irrational thinking come from research in the field of cognitive and social psychology and behavioural economics. Their results prove that irrational behaviours (including thinking) are neither accidental nor senseless, and on the contrary systematic and easy to predict, they constitute important arguments for considering the phenomenon of irrational thinking. I also discuss this issue although only to a limited extent.

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10

Žeželj, Iris, and Ljiljana B. Lazarević. "Irrational beliefs." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i1.1903.

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Irrational beliefs are often used as an umbrella term that comprises a variety of psychological constructs: from specific cognitive biases to a wider class of epistemologically suspect beliefs (superstitions, paranormal and pseudoscientific beliefs, conspiracy theories etc.) or cognitive styles (analytical versus intuitive thinking), but also unsubstantiated self-related beliefs. This collection of papers illustrates this diversity well. Apart from the descriptive portion of the data, which has merit on its own, the authors provide important methodological innovations in the way these beliefs are measured, but also look deeper in their functionality and consequences.

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11

Stowers, Deborah A., and Mark W. Durm. "Is Belief in a Just World Rational?" Psychological Reports 83, no. 2 (October 1998): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.2.423.

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To estimate the relationship between the belief in a just world and irrational thinking, 62 undergraduates completed the Jones Irrational Beliefs Test and the Multidimensional Belief in a Just World Scale. It was hypothesized that belief in a just world precluded rational thinking. No significant correlations were found between scores on irrational beliefs and beliefs in a just world; however, post hoc tests indicated a significant relationship between age and scores on irrational belief in women, indicating that perhaps the older women were less prone to irrational beliefs.

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12

LINDNER, HELEN. "PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS: THE ROLE OF IRRATIONAL THINKING." Psychological Reports 71, no. 5 (1992): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.71.5.247-252.

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13

Lindner, Helen, and Robert J. Kirkby. "Premenstrual Symptoms: The Role of Irrational Thinking." Psychological Reports 71, no. 1 (August 1992): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.247.

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104 women, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, were surveyed to investigate the relationship between premenstrual symptomatology, as measured by the Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, and irrational thinking, as measured by the General Attitude and Belief Scale. The women who reported greater premenstrual symptomatology also reported significantly higher scores in the “need for comfort” irrationality subscale. This indicated that these women had particular difficulty dealing with hassles and the resulting feelings of tension and irritability in the premenstruum. It was suggested that the absence of significant effects for other rationality-irrationality subscales could be associated with testing at different times during the menstrual cycle. Irrationality, like other conditions (such as anxiety and depression) prevalent in the premenstruum, could change in intensity across phases of the menstrual cycle.

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14

Ardashev, Roman G. "The phenomenology of rational and irrational thinking." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 21, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-2-120-124.

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This article examines the phenomenological structure of various types of thinking: rational, instrumental, irrational, magical, aesthetic, and ethical. The modalities of consciousness that determine the development of a particular way of thinking, as well as the conditions and forms of their disclosure in different social and cultural conditions of social reproduction are revealed. The author shows the significance and direction of development of the phenomenology of irrational thinking in the context of modern socio-political realities of Russia. For the first time, the article presents the phenomenological outline of the analysis of thinking and consciousness of contemporaries. The presented typology is considered through the prism of examples of socio-political and media events of our time, which make it possible to judge the legitimacy of using this technique and methodology in the study of various types of consciousness and thinking of contemporaries. The necessity of using the following analysis scheme is proved: transition from thought to action; the strategies of social action themselves; actors (leaders, experts, professionals), institutions (traditional, integrating, supporting this model); triggers of modality selection or transition from one to another modality. It is shown that individuals can be included in modalities through various strategies: passive perception and distance (withdrawal), construction (creation) and participation (support or criticism).

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15

Arfashah, Nouf G. "Religious Orientation and its Relationship to Meaning of Life and Irrational Thinking among a Sample of University Student in Jeddah." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 12, no. 3 (July 29, 2018): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol12iss3pp605-624.

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The study aimed at exploring the relationship between religious orientation and the meaning of life on one hand, and religious orientations and irrational thinking on the other hand. It also aimed at exploring the relationship between the meaning of life and irrational thinking. The basic sample comprised 585 participants from university students in Jeddah, who were randomly selected from various humanities, religion and science majors. Research instruments included a religious orientation scale, meaning of life scale, and thoughts and beliefs scale. The study found: (1) a positive correlation between meaning of life and each of the intellectual cognitive religiousness, emotional enthusiastic religiousness and original true religiousness; (2) a negative correlation between meaning of life and ritual opportunist religiousness; (3) a positive correlation between irrational thinking and and each of the intellectual cognitive religiousness, ritual opportunist religiousness and emotional enthusiastic religiousness; and (4) a negative correlation between the meaning of life and the inflexibility of thinking which is one aspect of irrational thinking.

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16

Ziegler, Daniel J., and Janine L. Hawley. "Relation of Irrational Thinking and the Pessimistic Explanatory Style." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (April 2001): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.483.

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This study investigated the possible relationship between Ellis's construct of irrational thinking and Seligman's construct of explanatory style, with a view toward possibly strengthening the personality theory underlying Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in particular and cognitive-behavior therapies more generally. In this investigation 180 college students were administered the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the Attributional Style Questionnaire to measure irrational thinking and explanatory style, respectively. Students who scored higher on Pessimistic Explanatory Style also scored higher on Overall Irrational Thinking and on Low Frustration Tolerance than did those who were categorized as having an Optimistic Explanatory Style. This indicates support for Ellis's developing personality theory, especially his theoretical account of depression.

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17

LESTER, DAVID. "BELIEF IN MYTHS ABOUT SUICIDE AND IRRATIONAL THINKING." Psychological Reports 67, no. 7 (1990): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.67.7.1050-1050.

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18

Lester, David. "The Role of Irrational Thinking in Suicidal Behavior." Comprehensive Psychology 1 (January 2012): 12.02.07.16.CP.1.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/12.02.07.16.cp.1.8.

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19

FREUDENBURG, WILLIAM R. "Risky Thinking: Irrational Fears about Risk and Society." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 545, no. 1 (May 1996): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716296545001005.

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20

Ellis, Albert. "Thinking Processes Involved in Irrational Beliefs and Their Disturbed Consequences." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 9, no. 2 (January 1995): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.9.2.105.

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The rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) view of irrational beliefs (IBs) is explained, rationality and irrationality are defined in terms of this view, specific thinking processes that are often involved in emotional disturbance are discussed, and concrete ways of actively and forcefully disputing these irrational beliefs are presented.

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21

Rich, Alexander R., and David Dahlheimer. "The Power of Negative Thinking: A New Perspective on “Irrational” Cognitions." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.3.1.15.

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Recent research and clinical observations suggest that the link between negative thinking and emotional and behavioral maladjustment may not be as simple and straightforward as is commonly assumed. Observations suggest that many clients became pessimistic and worried in advance of and during their performance. These negative thoughts or expectancies, however, often have either no effect or a facilitative effect on actual behavior. Although this observation is inconsistent with cognitive-expectancy models of behavior, the phenomenon is consistent with prediction of egotism and self-handicapping models. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that negative thinking is often used as a strategy for protecting self-esteem and that this strategy often facilitates performance in evaluative situations. High- and low-irrational subjects received either success or failure feedback as they completed a word construction task. As predicted, high-irrational subjects showed increased performance when expectations were negative and decreased performance when expectations were positive. The opposite pattern of results was found for low-irrational subjects. Moreover, the self-esteem of high-irrational subjects was not affected by either success or failure. Results are interpreted as being supportive of an egotism interpretation of negative and irrational thinking. Implications for counseling and psychotherapy are noted.

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22

Dolgov, V. V. "RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL IN THE INTELLECTUAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT RUSSIA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-4-833-837.

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The article is a polemical answer to the work of D. V. Puzanov, dedicated to the way of thinking in the culture of the early Russian Middle Ages. According to the author, a specific way of thinking was cultivated in the ancient Russian intellectual community. This way of thinking was characterized by mysticism, irrationalism and an appeal to the concept of “miracle”. At the same time, in ancient Russian sources one can find characters thinking rationally. These are the heroes of The Tale of Bygone Years and the Kiev-Pechersk Paterikon: Voivode Yan Vyshatich, Boyar Vasily and Prince Gleb. Their method of thinking is far from the methodology of modern scientific thinking, but it can also be considered rational. This is the main polemical idea of the author, directed against the conclusions of D. V. Puzanov, who believes that the similarity of medieval "rationalism" with real rational thinking is only superficial.

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23

Machado, Noel G., and Jerrin Samuel. "Predictably Irrational Hiring." NHRD Network Journal 14, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454120988415.

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The hiring process plays a key role in organisational performance, but it involves contentious judgements and decisions. Behavioural economics can help us improve hiring effectiveness and enable the development of strong cultures and successful organisations. Using three historical cases from a Big-Five accounting firm, we present counter-intuitive hiring strategies that are relevant to organisations today. The cases involve six practices related to hiring and nine scientific concepts. The practices are: reverse interview, reverse recruitment, assessment centre (AC) design, structured interviewing, salary history ban, and withdrawal and rationalisation of designations. The scientific concepts are: representativeness heuristic, anticipatory socialisation, affect heuristic, distinction bias, social facilitation (observer effect), dual-process thinking, identity economics, anchoring effect (reference dependence) and social preference (inequity aversion). Finally, we examine the relevance of these practices and concepts as they relate to four human resources (HR) functions: (a) recruitment; (b) selection; (c) compensation and rewards; and (d) culture building.

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24

Kuchimova, Farida Toshtemirovna. "Creative Aspects Of The Projective Style Of Thinking." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue10-07.

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This article reveals the creative and irrational aspects of the projective style of thinking. In this article, the problem of creativity and creativity is analyzed philosophical-epistemological. In addition, the manifestation of irrationality in the creative process has shown the heuristic significance of such situations as dreams, intuition, and spontaneous cognition. And many discoveries and inventions in the history of science are precisely the result of irrationality.

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25

Delfabbro, Paul H., and Anthony H. Winefeld. "Predictors of Irrational Thinking in Regular Slot Machine Gamblers." Journal of Psychology 134, no. 2 (March 2000): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980009600854.

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26

Yamane, Shoko, Hiroyasu Yoneda, and Yoshiro Tsutsui. "Is irrational thinking associated with lower earnings and happiness?" Mind & Society 18, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-019-00213-4.

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27

Arafani, Adnan, Ciptro Handrianto, Ahmet Serhat Uçar, and Yeni Karneli. "Disputing Irrational Belief in Adolescent Using Cognitive Simulation: A Case Study." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i2.112598.

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The adolescent problems discussed in individual counselling sessions vary widely. The approach the counsellor uses has an effect on the way the problem is solved and the follow-up determines the recurrence of the same problem. The use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy focuses on aspects of irrational thinking as the root of individual problems. This article examines the case of a teenager and then determines the existing irrational thought patterns. This study uses a qualitative case study method by analyzing the counselling process. This study concluded that adolescents with emotional maturity tend to be potentially irrational by "demanding" and "awfulizing". This article recommends that educators outside of school and at school improve the rational thinking skills of adolescents through various awareness education.

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28

Coleman, Marilyn, and Lawrence H. Ganong. "Sex, Sex-Roles, and Irrational Beliefs." Psychological Reports 61, no. 2 (October 1987): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.2.631.

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Irrational beliefs have been related to a variety of psychological distresses, some of which are thought of more in relation to one sex than the other, i.e., depression, nonassertiveness, anger. However, Ellis did not assert that there were sex differences in irrational beliefs, and few researchers have examined the effect of sex-role socialization on irrational beliefs. The present study explored the effect of sex and sex-roles on irrational beliefs for a sample of 270 college students using the Irrational Beliefs Test and Bern's scale. While the study supports the belief that sex and sex-role are not unidimensional constructs, the data suggest that differences in sex-role socialization contribute to differences in adherence to irrational beliefs. It appears, however, that a feminine sex-role orientation is related to irrational beliefs. Although study is needed, clinicians are cautioned not to assume there are no sex or sex-role differences related to irrational thinking.

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29

Terán, Vincenzo G., Esther E. Velásquez, and Milton A. Fuentes. "Irrational thinking and psychological distress: A cross-racial/ethnic examination." Personality and Individual Differences 164 (October 2020): 110102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110102.

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30

Se´vigny, Serge, and Robert Ladouceur. "Gamblers' irrational thinking about chance events: the ‘double switching’ concept." International Gambling Studies 3, no. 2 (November 2003): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1356347032000142261.

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31

Hayfa, Nina, and Layal Saikaly. "Dimensions of Knowledge and Ways of Thinking of Irrational Numbers." ATHENS JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aje.3-2-3.

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32

Stanovich, Keith E. "Rational and Irrational Thought: The Thinking That IQ Tests Miss." Scientific American Mind 20, no. 6 (November 2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind1109-34.

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33

Ladouceur, Robert, Anne Gaboury, Michel Dumont, and Pierre Rochette. "Gambling: Relationship Between the Frequency of Wins and Irrational Thinking." Journal of Psychology 122, no. 4 (July 1988): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1988.9915527.

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34

Akcan, Ramazan, M. Mustafa Arslan, Necmi Çekin, and Ramazan Karanfil. "Unexpected suicide and irrational thinking in adolescence: A case report." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 18, no. 6 (August 2011): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2011.05.002.

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35

Hyer, Leon, William R. Harrison, and Rebecca H. Jacobsen. "Later-life depression: Influences of irrational thinking and cognitive impairment." Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy 5, no. 1 (1987): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01080519.

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36

Kassinove, Howard. "Self-reported affect and core irrational thinking: A preliminary analysis." Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy 4, no. 2 (1986): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01074170.

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37

Pook, Rebecca, Tressa Conti, and David Lester. "Eating Disorders, Depression and Suicidal Preoccupation in a Nonclinical Sample." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (August 1996): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.302.

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38

Liszewski, Carrie L., and David Lester. "Attitudes toward Abortion." Psychological Reports 87, no. 3 (December 2000): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.802.

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39

Gündoğdu, Rezzan, Yasemin Yavuzer, and Zeynep Karataş. "Irrational Beliefs in Romantic Relationships as the Predictor of Aggression in Emerging Adulthood." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i3.2884.

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The purpose of this study is to examine irrational beliefs in romantic relationships as the predictor of aggression in emerging adults. The study is a quantitative study done using the relational survey model. The study group is composed of 351 fourth-year students, 201 females and 150 males, who were attending three universities in Central Anatolia during the 2016-2017 academic year. In order to collect the study data, 23-item “KAR-YA Aggression Scale with four sub-dimensions (Physical Aggression, Hostility, Anger, Verbal Aggression) was used. 30-item “Irrational Romantic Relationship Beliefs Inventory” with six dimensions (Over Expectations, Use of Social Time, Mind Reading, Different Thinking, Physical Intimacy, Gender Differences) was used to determine the irrational beliefs in romantic relationships. Also, “Personal Information Form” was used to obtain the participants’ personal and socio-economic information. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS 18 package program. T-test analysis was conducted to find the correlation and the gender differences between aggression and irrational beliefs in romantic relationships, and multi-hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine whether irrational beliefs in romantic relationships predict aggression or not. When the study findings are examined, it is seen that males’ aggression levels and their irrational expectation regarding the social and free time activities are higher. In addition, in explaining emerging adults’ aggression sex is a significant predictor of different thinking and gender differences variables from the IRBI sub-dimensions.

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40

Morris, G. Barry. "Adolescent and Adult Female Leaders: Comparisons on Measures of Valued Leadership Traits and Irrational Thinking." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (April 1993): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.565.

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This study compared the responses of 45 adolescent and 45 adult female leaders on measures of valued leadership traits and irrational thinking. Adolescent leaders value Creativity, while adult leaders view Sense of Purpose an important leadership trait. Adolescent leaders possess significantly more irrational beliefs than adult leaders and tend to endorse those beliefs which reflect high self-expectations, blame proneness, and anxious overconcern about the future.

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41

Semenov, S. N., and D. S. Semenova. "Unity of rational and irrational aspects of creative thinking (from R. Descartes to the philosophy of all-unity)." Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’no-gumanitarnye issledovaniya, no. 1(29) (2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2021-1-82-95.

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The Ratio of rational and irrational in human activity is an urgent problem, including for modern methods of modeling society. The traditional understanding of the theoretical positions of one of the founders of Modern European philosophy, R. Descartes, as classical rationalism, became the subject of discussion in the XX century. Considering the main ideas of R. Descartes from the position of understanding his creative process in the spirit of the ideas of integral knowledge of the philosophy of all-unity-allows an organic connection in any creative thinking, conceptual-verbal, aesthetic-figurative and axiological-normative moments, the synthesis of rational and irrational components through a common dialectical organization of thinking.

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42

Lester, David. "Handedness and Personality." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508003c01.

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43

Moodie, Crawford. "An exploratory investigation into the erroneous cognitions of pathological and social fruit machine gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 19 (January 1, 2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2007.19.9.

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Although the literature concerning the association between irrational thinking and gambling continues to grow, a number of methodological problems raise questions about the validity of such findings. The present research examined the cognitions and beliefs of a small convenience sample of pathological (n = 5) and social (n = 5) fruit machine gamblers using a within- and between-subjects design, employing the think-aloud method, the Gambling Beliefs Questionnaire, and a semistructured interview. Pathological gamblers were found to display greater levels of irrationality than social gamblers on all three measures. However, by undertaking a methodology more rigorous than that of previous research, this study found that irrational thinking may not be as prominent a reason behind gambling as has been suggested.

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44

Rife, Julie, and David Lester. "Religiosity and Psychological Disturbance." Psychological Reports 81, no. 3 (December 1997): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.978.

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45

Bobrova, Lyubov. "LESSONS OF PREDICTABLE IRRATIONALITY." Filosofiya Referativnyi Zhurnal, no. 3 (2021): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rphil/2021.03.05.

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46

Bridges, K. Robert, and Miguel Roig. "Academic procrastination and irrational thinking: a re-examination with context controlled." Personality and Individual Differences 22, no. 6 (June 1997): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00273-5.

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Al-Hamouri, Firas A. "Relationship Between Thinking Styles and Irrational Beliefs Among Yarmouk University Students." Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 10, no. 03 (September 1, 2009): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/100302.

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Ruth, William J. "Irrational thinking in humans: An evolutionary proposal for Ellis' genetic postulate." Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 10, no. 1 (March 1992): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01245738.

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Lester, David, and Julie Rife. "Predicting Suicidality." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.498.

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Abstract:

In a sample of 102 college students, prior suicidality was associated with self-reports of depressive tendencies, but not with manic or obsessive-compulsive tendencies, religiosity or irrational thinking.

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NUSSBAUM, MARTHA C. "Transitional Anger." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1, no. 1 (2015): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2014.19.

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