Relevant bibliographies by topics / Irredentism

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Irredentism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Irredentism"

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Malbašić, Zoran, and Milovan Trbojević. "Defining irredentism as a security phenomenon." Nauka bezbednost policija 25, no. 2 (2020): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nabepo25-25836.

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Irredentism as an inevitable element of expansionistic strategy still remains a fascinating concept and a subject of research in political science and security intelligence to boot. The subject of this paper is the origin of irredentism as a security phenomenon, the analyses of its numerous transformations and the resilience of this phenomenon in all country legal systems. The specific attention has been appointed to typology of irredentism alongside the goal of identifying the irredentist strategies throughout history until today, accompanied by an aspiration to identify the current potentially irredentist countries. Expansionistic doctrine cannot be observed as an internal affair of a country, but it is a generator of international crises, potentially growing into regional and further into global conflict. Analysing numerous theoretical views in this field, the authors' intention has been to verify the structural characteristics of irredentism together with the initial partakers of conflicts alongside irredentist potential.
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Olena Dyka, Olena Dyka, Tetiana Trosteniuk Tetiana Trosteniuk, and Nina Popovych Nina Popovych. "FACTORS OF RUSSIAN IRREDENTISM IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 03 (December 27, 2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd13032023-89.

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This article examines the Russian policy of irredentism, namely its manifestations in relation to Ukrainian territories. Threats from the Russian Federation to Ukraine's national and territorial security prompt the study of the genesis of Russian expansionist policies. The notion of irredentism is extremely complex and multifaceted, and has different interpretations. In particular, it is seen as the desire of an ethnic minority to secede from a multi-ethnic state in order to unite with a neighboring kin state. In the modern concept, irredentism is seen as a state policy aimed at annexing territories inhabited by ethnically related populations. Russian irredentism, defined as Russia's aggressive policy towards the territories of former post-Soviet countries, has much deeper roots, as the idea of the hegemony of the Moscow tsars over the entire Slavic Orthodox world dates back to the sixteenth century. and was actively pursued by the Russian imperial authorities, which from the mid-seventeenth century seized a significant part of Left-Bank Ukraine, and by the end of the seventeenth century, as a result of three divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian-Turkish wars, almost all Ukrainian lands. An in-depth historical analysis of the origins and manifestations of Russian aggressive policy has shown that irredentism plays a key role in Russian aggression and has a number of factors: historical, geopolitical, economic, and ideological. Keywords: irredentism, irredentist policy, "Novorossiya", "fifth column", ethnopolitics, kin-state.
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Nair, Gautam, and Nicholas Sambanis. "Violence Exposure and Ethnic Identification: Evidence from Kashmir." International Organization 73, no. 02 (2019): 329–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818318000498.

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AbstractThis article studies the conditions that lead peripheral minorities to identify with the state, their ethnic group, or neighboring countries. We contribute to research on separatism and irredentism by examining how violence, psychological distance, and national status determine identification. The analysis uses data from a novel experiment that randomized videos of actual violence in a large, representative survey of the Kashmir Valley region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, an enduring site of separatist and irredentist conflict. We find that a strong regional identity is a counterweight to irredentism, but violent repression by the state can push members of the minority to identify with an irredentist neighbor. Violence increases perceived distance from the nation and reduces national identification. There is suggestive evidence that these effects are concentrated among individuals with attributes that otherwise predict higher levels of identification with the state. Information about integrative institutions and increased national status brought about by economic growth is insufficient to induce national identification in a context where psychological distance from the nation is large.
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Quercioli, Alessio. ""Tutti gli studenti dovrebbero venir quassů". Giovani irredenti nelle universitŕ italiane 1880-1915." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 77 (May 2009): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-077003.

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- Is about the annexation of Veneto to the Reign of Italy in 1866, which deprives students from Italian provinces in the Austro-Hungarian Empire of the only university in Italian language within the boundaries of the double monarchy of Padua. People study in Austria, following classes in German, or enroll in Italian institutes whose qualifications are not acknowledged by Austrian authorities. The decision to study in Italy must be considered as a precise political choice; the youngest challenge the Austrian social and political system, that seems stale and inadequate, by choosing the "young" Reign. Many of these students will join the Italian army as volunteers. This research aims at giving new hints and open the way to further analyses of the «'14 generation», whose exceptionality has always been highlighted. But it is also necessary to focus on the connections with the previous generations - particularly for the "irredentists" - on their non-impromptu choices, which have to be seen as the result of a long cultural and political path.Key words: Students, University, Irredentism, First World War.Parole chiave: Studenti, Universitŕ, Irredentismo, Prima guerra mondiale.
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Baird, Ian G. "Different views of history: Shades of irredentism along the Laos–Cambodia border." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 2 (May 4, 2010): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000020.

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The administrative boundary between Laos and Cambodia is amongst the least studied international borders in Southeast Asia. Since Laos and Cambodia became independent in 1953–54, relatively minor but sustained tensions have characterised border relations. An important reason for disagreements is irredentist feelings. Some ethnic Lao in both Laos and Cambodia believe that part of northeastern Cambodia should be added to Laos, while some ethnic Khmer in Cambodia insist that their border should be extended to include part of southern Laos. Different emphases and framings of history have contributed to irredentism and the development of identities in relation to the border.
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Fava, Sabrina. "Italian Readers of Il Giornalino della Domenica and Il Passerotto between the Great War and the Fiume Endeavour." Libri et liberi 7, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21066/carcl.libri.7.2.2.

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Early 20th-century children’s magazines chart fundamental steps in the development of children’s literature, both in literary production itself, and the ways in which young readers were taught to read. This paper explores the points of view of the literary text and of actual readers in the weekly Il Giornalino della Domenica and the monthly Il Passerotto, with reference to the topics of interventionism and irredentism that characterised the thoughts and dreams of many subscribers to the magazines. Until the First World War, the unification of the irredentist regions took the shape of fantastic and humorous accounts, but the apex of irredentism was reached with the Fiume endeavour. This long-held pre-war dream gave voice to the rebelliousness of a whole generation of young people who had grown up yearning to see the epic of the Risorgimento finally laid to rest. As young adults, they were convinced that they could convey the outcome of this to the two magazines’ new generation of young readers. Analysis of the two magazines enables us to reconstruct the continuities and changes that shaped the intellectual growth of child readers and anticipate the choices they would make as adults, some of which would have dramatic consequences.
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Horlo, Natalia. "INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL CONTEXT OF IRREDENTISM." Polonia University Scientific Journal 40, no. 3 (2020): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4026.

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Dzugaev, K. G., and K. S. Mokin. "South Ossetia: Irredentism and Identity." Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya 21, no. 6 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2021-6-30-37.

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Problems of the South Ossetian national movement and the correlation of its irredentist essence with the processes of self-identification of South Ossetians are considered. The current state of South Ossetian identity is analyzed and shortand medium-term forecasts of its changes are offered.
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Priestly, Tom. "Linguistic propaganda against perceived irredentism." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 9, no. 1 (June 1999): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.1999.tb00159.x.

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Roy, Denny. "Assertive China: Irredentism or Expansionism?" Survival 61, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2019.1568044.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irredentism"

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Suganuma, Unryu. "Historical justification of sovereign right over territorial space of the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands irredentism and Sino-Japanese relations /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1996. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9725245.

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Michalopoulos, Georgios. "Political parties, irredentism and the Foreign Ministry : Greece and Macedonia, 1878-1910." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdc024cb-2d15-4c67-8687-881267934f39.

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The Macedonian Question has attracted much attention since the 1990s due to the emergence of the dispute over the name of Macedonia between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia. In Greece there is a prolific literature on this subject, but some basic questions remain unanswered. In particular, the role of the government, and of government institutions – especially the Ministry of Foreign Affairs – have attracted little or no attention: on the contrary, historians have focused on the „heroes‟ of the conflict, the fighters themselves, the result being that the Macedonian Question is understood as a military fight of good versus evil. In this D.Phil. thesis, we examine how the government got involved with the Macedonian Question and second, in what ways it was involved, especially given that an official acknowledgement of the government‟s involvement with the paramilitary operations was diplomatically impossible. We approached these questions by examining the personal archives of Greek politicians and diplomats (most notably of the Dragoumis family) and the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, especially the Archives of the Greek Embassies in London, Paris and Constantinople, which have only recently become available. The key finding is that the Greek government, despite its declarations to the opposite effect, was involved heavily with the paramilitary fighting in Macedonia, but also that the official involvement with Macedonia was constrained and influenced by electoral concerns and by the powerful Macedonian lobbies in Athens. Decisions were rarely made in a rational, bureaucratic way, but were more often reached after consultations with journalists, military officers and intellectuals and always bearing domestic political realities in mind. These findings suggest that future research should move away from understanding the „Macedonian Struggle‟ solely as a military issue, and put it into the wider context of early twentieth-century Greek political and diplomatic history.
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Fuzesi, Julianna Christa Elisabeth. "Explaining irredentism : the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2935/.

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This thesis seeks to explain irredentism by identifying the set of variables that determine its occurrence. To do so it provides the necessary definition and comparative analytical framework, both lacking so far, and thus establishes irredentism as a field of study in its own right. The thesis develops a multi-variate explanatory model that is generalisable yet succinct. It builds critically on Donald Horowitz's theory of irredentism (1985;1991) which, like many studies of ethno-nationalism, underperforms due to a bias towards rationalism, materialism and individualism. The present study improves explanatory value by identifying three further variables that tackle ethno-territorial retrieval on its own terms. It argues that irredentism is primarily determined by shared ethno-national identity and the political system factors that condition its politicisation domestically and internationally. The resulting combined model is applied in two, variable-centred parts. First, it is quantitatively tested on a dataset of irredentism which the thesis collates based on its novel definition of irredentism. Second, the theory is applied in a historic case study of so-called "inconsistent irredentism" (Saideman 1998), i.e. an instance where retrieval was abandoned in an outwardly identical setting and therefore must result from factor change over time. The chosen example is that of the Hungarian irredenta in the interwar period (1920-1940), contrasted with its absence in the postcommunist era (1989-2005). To enhance generalisability, the thesis adds a comparison across space by examining Hungary and not one, but two transborder Magyar minorities (in Southern Slovakia and Transylvania). By offering a comprehensive definition of irredentism this thesis unifies previously disjointed cases for analysis. It avoids a rationalist and materialist bias in favour of what genuinely matters: namely the ethno-national bond and the factors shaping its politicisation. Because this approach does greater justice to ethno-national movements it furnishes a more explicative, generalisable and, potentially, predictive model of irredentism.
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Carment, David 1959. "The international politics of ethnic conflict : the interstate dimensions of secession and irredenta in the twentieth century, a crisis-based approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41358.

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One of the most challenging issues for students of international relations is the interstate dimension of ethnic conflict in both its secessionist and irredentist forms. This thesis contributes to an understanding of the interstate dimension of ethnic conflict in three ways. First, the thesis provides a more precise delineation of the causal relationship between ethnic and interstate conflict. Second, the thesis develops a model to identify the conditions under which ethnic conflict is most likely to lead to interstate conflict. Third, and finally this thesis provides insight into a theory and policy for management and resolution of ethnic conflict. The results of this research are used to identify the international conditions and actions that affect the dynamics and resolution of ethnic conflict. From that perspective, the central goal of this inquiry is to lay the groundwork for preventive peacekeeping.
The inquiry unfolds in five stages. First, a formal model, specifying the precise causal relationship of the selected variables and their interaction effects, is presented. Second, two cases (Somali irredentism and the Indo-Sri Lankan crisis) are used to test the assumed linkage. Third, aggregate data from the International Crisis Behavior Project data base, for the period 1918-1988, are used to test the explanatory power of variables derived from the combined framework. Fourth, two additional cases (Thai Malay separatism and the Balkans War) are used to test the most relevant propositions from the previous phase. Fifth and finally, based on the degree of support for propositions from both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the model is refined. Policy relevant and theoretical contributions are presented in the light of the findings. Directions for further research also are discussed.
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Gerety, Christine A. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS, DICTATORS AND THE WORLD PRESS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin960909595.

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Katsiyiannis, Dean T. "Hyper-nationalism and irredentism in the Macedonian region : implications for U.S. policy /\c Dean T. Katsiyiannis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA302943.

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Omar, Mohamed Ali. "Somali Irredentism: An analysis of its causes and its impact on political stability in Somalia from 1960 -1991." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37786.

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After Berlin Conference in 1884 to 1885, Somalia was partitioned into five parts by Britain, Italy, and French. In 1960 two parts gained independence and formed the Somali Republic, and since then successive Somali governments sought to incorporate the other three parts of Somali territories under Ethiopia, Kenya and French Somaliland known as Djibouti into Greater Somalia.The aim of this study has been to explore and analyze the causes, and the impact of the Somalia’ irredentism on political stability in Somalia. In more specifically, the main objective has been to critically examine how Somali irridentism policy has been pursued, what challenges faced and how it has affected the political stability of the post-colonial Somali state from 1960 to 1990.The analysis presented in this study has shown that the causes of Somali irredentism are combined factors that helped rise Somali irredentism. The analysis has argued that Somalia’s quest for irredentism policy had a huge impact on Somalia’s political stability, including, but not limited to, creating enemies and alienating allies from neighbouring countries to western and eastern blocs, as well as interstate conflict with Ethiopia which ended with Somalia defeat. Finally, Somalia’s defeat, which resulted from irredentism’s venture, caused disunity among the national army, refugee crisis, financial burden and the rise of armed opposition movements that finally ousted the military regime led by Siad Barre. This was followed by state collapse and protracted civil war.
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Daradic, Sandra. "Vem ska ha kontroll över Bosnien-Hercegovina? En historisk djupdykning i 1900-talets konflikter." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-866.

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Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur fördelningen av och kontrollen över territorier i

Bosnien-Hercegovina har yttrat sig under valda tidsperioder. Fokus ligger dels på konfliktparterna

och dels på de externa aktörernas roll. Galtungs modell fungerar som verktyg då problematiken med

territoriell kontroll och oförenliga mål undersöks. Materialet till uppsatsen utgörs främst av

undersökningar gjorda av såväl historiker, statsvetare som konfliktforskare och sociologer, vilket

bidrar till att en helhetsbild erhålles. Uppsatsens undersökning börjar med en undersökning av

Daytonavtalets konflikthantering och sedan går den över till 1914-1918, perioden då det första

sydslaviska riket uppstår. Därefter sker undersökningen i kronologisk ordning och avslutas i Dayton

1995, där trådarna knyts ihop. Resultaten visar att konflikter mellan de tre etniska grupperna i

Bosnien-Hercegovina funnits under samtliga tidsperioder och att de demonstrerats med vapen tre

gånger mellan 1914-1995. De externa aktörer som figurerat under de väpnade konflikterna har

påverkat konfliktparterna på olika sätt. Slutsatsen är att de externa aktörerna av olika anledningar

tenderar att ge sitt stöd åt den konfliktpart de har historiska band till.

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Campbell, Michael Walsh. "A crisis of democracy : Czechoslovakia and the rise of Sudeten German nationalism, 1918-1938 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10388.

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Lukasik, Sebastian Hubert. "A war within a war, the influence of Balkan irredentism on British strategy in south-eastern Europe, 1914-1918." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61456.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Irredentism"

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1946-, Chazan Naomi, and Makhon li-yeḥasim benleʼumiyim ʻal-shem Leʼonard Daiṿis., eds. Irredentism and international politics. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner Publishers, 1991.

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1946-, Chazan Naomi, ed. Irredentism and international politics. Boulder, Colo: Rienner, 1990.

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1946-, Chazan Naomi, ed. Irredentism and international politics. Twickenham: Adamantine, 1991.

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Landau, Jacob M. Pan-Turkism: From irredentism to cooperation. 2nd ed. London: Hurst, 1995.

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Irredentism: Ethnic conflict and international politics. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2001.

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M, Landau Jacob, ed. Pan-Turkism: From irredentism to cooperation. 2nd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.

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Sōtēriou, Stephanos N. Meionotētes kai alytrōtismos. Athēna: Hellēnikē Eurōekdotikē, 1991.

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Iōn, Dragoumēs. Ho Hellēnismos mou kai hoi Hellēnes. Athēna: Nea Thesis, 1991.

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Apollonio, Almerigo. Autunno istriano: La rivolta di Pirano del 1894 e i dilemmi dell'irredentismo. Trieste: Edizioni Italo Svevo, 1992.

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"...tēs megalēs tautēs ideas...": Opseis tēs ethnikēs ideologias, 1770-1854. Athēna: Polis, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Irredentism"

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Adanır, Fikret. "Ethnonationalism, Irredentism, and Empire." In The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory, 13–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44642-4_2.

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Crozier, Andrew J. "German Irredentism in Africa." In Appeasement and Germany’s Last Bid for Colonies, 71–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19255-7_4.

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Heraclides, Alexis, and Ylli Kromidha. "Greek irredentism and Greek-Albanian relations." In Greek-Albanian Entanglements since the Nineteenth Century, 163–79. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224242-9.

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Heraclides, Alexis, and Ylli Kromidha. "Greek irredentism and Greek-Albanian relations." In Greek-Albanian Entanglements since the Nineteenth Century, 180–209. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224242-10.

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Papazian, Lalig. "A People’s Will: Armenian Irredentism over Nagorno Karabagh." In The Making of Nagorno-Karabagh, 54–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508965_2.

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Caşu, Igor. "‘Down with Revisionism and Irredentism’: Soviet Moldavia and the Prague Spring, 1968–72." In Eastern Europe in 1968, 279–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77069-7_13.

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Nugent, Paul. "The Shape of Things to Come: Irredentism, Secessionism and the Pan-African Ideal." In Africa Since Independence, 71–105. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21286-2_4.

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Nugent, Paul. "The Shape of Things to Come: Irredentism, Secessionism and the Pan-African Ideal." In Africa since Independence, 72–108. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-39356-1_4.

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Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna. "Cohabitating in Captivity: Vartouhie Calantar Nalbandian (Zarevand) at the Women’s Section of Istanbul’s Central Prison (1915–1918)." In Documenting the Armenian Genocide, 39–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_4.

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AbstractVartouhie Calantar Nalbandian (1893–1978), the only Armenian woman known to have been arrested by the Ottoman Turkish authorities in Istanbul in the spring of 1915, was born in Bursa to a Russian Armenian father and an Ottoman Armenian mother. One of the first generation of Armenian girls who received a European university education, Vartouhie sent letters home from Lausanne that would change the course of her life. In 1915, the Ottoman police raided the family home as Tavit Kalantar had been a high-level educator in Armenian schools. They found Vartouhie’s letters to her parents and her father’s papers, which they claimed included incriminating evidence. In August 1915, a military tribunal convicted Vartouhie and her father of propagating Armenian separatist ideology. They served two-and-a-half years in Constantinople’s Central Prison and, thanks to their Russian citizenship, were released after the Bolsheviks signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty with the Central Powers, requiring “prisoners of war” to be freed.Vartouhie published her prison memoirs in 16 installments in the feminist journal Hay Gin (Armenian Woman), the first prison memoir by a woman in the Middle East and one of the very few for the Ottoman Empire. In 1921, Vartouhie emigrated to the US, where she married Zaven Nalbandian, a high-level Armenian Revolutionary Federation member who participated in Operation Nemesis. In 1926, they published an important book in Armenian on the pan-Turkic movement under the penname Zarevand. In 1971, the newly minted sociology professor Vahakn Dadrian translated their book into English as United and Independent Turania: Aims and Designs of the Turks. Their historical and political analysis, the first study of the Armenian Genocide in the United States, argues that Turkish irredentism had been a real threat for Armenians who stood in the way of the unification of Turkic peoples under one state. This chapter writes a hitherto unknown feminist and historian into Armenian, Turkish, and Ottoman historiographies as well as genocide and prison studies.
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Rekvig, Gunnar. "Case Two: Denmark-Germany—The Schleswig-Holstein Issue: Two Wars, a Loss of Territory, Irredentism, Plebiscite, the Redrawing of a Border, and Minority Rights 1864–1920 (& 1955)." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 67–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2749-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Irredentism"

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Gon, Federico. "Irredentism and Patriotism for All Seasons: La Marinella by Giuseppe Sinico (Trieste, 1854)." In Međunarodni i interdisciplinarni simpozij Glazba, umjetnosti i politika: revolucije i restau- racije u Europi i Hrvatskoj 1815.-1860. (14 ; 2019 ; Zagreb). Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21857/ygjwrcdj3y.

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Bartulović, Željko. "IZBORI ZA USTAVOTVORNU SKUPŠTINU U MODRUŠKO-RIJEČKOJ ŽUPANIJI 1920. GODINE." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.207b.

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The elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1920 may show the political orientation of the voters and the acceptance of the party programs that the parties advocated during the pre-election period and in the work of the assembly. The elections were held in a part of the Modruš-Rijeka district that was not under Italian occupation, which significantly affected the results. Within the constituency, three areas are distinguished. Kordun with a predominantly Serb population votes for unitarian-centralist parties (“Pribićevićs“ and Radicals), and Croats for Croatian and federalist parties (Croatian Republican Peasant Party - CRPP and Party of Rights). It is similar in Gorki Kotar with the Croatian majority. In Primorje, there is a dispersion of votes between the Unitarians and the CRPP, with a smaller share going to the Radicals, the Croatian Popular Party (“clericals“) and the Communists. In the constituency, the Democrats won with 31.65% of the vote, the CRPP won 24.90%, communists 15.81%, and the rightists 12.53%. Three members of the Democrats, three members of the CRPP, one communist and one member of Party of Rights were elected. The Democrats brought together Yugoslav politicians, but not an integral one denied by the “tribes“, but pre-war coastal right-wingers who, in fear of Italian irredentism, wanted a strong state. The CRPP has not been successful in the Littoral, which, under pressure from the regime, can be attributed to a state program that does not suit coastal Croats. Those in the party's struggle against centralism and unitarism in the CRPP see the specter of separatism, which goes against the state as a shield against irredentism.
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Reports on the topic "Irredentism"

1

Kenes, Bulent. Viktor Orbán: Past to Present. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/lp0001.

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Today, Hungary could be defined as, at best, an “illiberal democracy.” Some even argue that the country is now a crude autocracy. Viktor Orbán is personally described as “irredentist,” “right-wing populist,” “authoritarian,” “autocratic,” and “Putinist.” He’s also been called a “strongman” and a “dictator.” Orbán has outmaneuvered his opponents and tightened his clutch on power. He makes no secret of his plans to rule Hungary for the foreseeable future.
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