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Academic literature on the topic 'Irregular region'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Irregular region"

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Easa, Said M. "Area of Irregular Region with Unequal Intervals." Journal of Surveying Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1988): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1988)114:2(50).

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TSAY, TING-KUEI, and FU-SENG HSU. "NUMERICAL GRID GENERATION OF AN IRREGULAR REGION." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40, no. 2 (January 30, 1997): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(19970130)40:2<343::aid-nme68>3.0.co;2-c.

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Dibeh, Ghassan, Ali Fakih, and Walid Marrouch. "Labor market and institutional drivers of youth irregular migration in the Middle East and North Africa region." Journal of Industrial Relations 61, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618788085.

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This article examines the drivers of youth irregular migration in the Middle East and North Africa region. A multinomial logit model is implemented to test the effect of labor market and institutional characteristics on the decision of youth to migrate using a unique and novel dataset covering young people aged 15–29 from five major Middle East and North Africa countries. Specifically, the article investigates the effect of micro determinants of irregular migration: individual socio-economic factors, wealth factors, adaptability factors, labor market factors, and institutional factors. The article finds that the labor market drivers matter more for regular rather than irregular migration amongst the youth from the Middle East and North Africa region. However, institutional settings are of great importance for any decision to migrate, be it regularly or irregularly. In addition, youth from wealthier households are more likely to express willingness to migrate using regular channels, whereas youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to consider the irregular route.

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Khavinson, M. Yu, and A. N. Kolobov. "IRREGULAR DYNAMICS IN THE AGENT-BASED MIGRATION MODEL." REGIONAL PROBLEM 24, no. 1 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-1-34-39.

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The article is devoted to modeling the dynamics of migration at the regional level. In the context of the transition to a post-industrial society, population migration becomes more dynamic, which requires improving approaches to its forecasting and makes significant the study of personal strategies for choosing the time of migration and the host region by agents. Different strategies of agents lead to the emergence of migrant strata with dynamically changing number, unevenly distributed among the receiving regions. As a result, it can observed nonlinear fluctuations in the number of migrants, for the study of which simulation modeling tools are relevant. This research is devoted to the study of the migration processes complex dynamics by the method of agent-based modeling. The simulation is based on the assumption that a migrant, when choosing a region, follows a strategy, characteristic of his age group, which in the long end directly affects the distribution of the number of migrants of various cohorts and the total number of migrants in the region. At this, the strategy choice is determined by socio-economic characteristics of the regions: different levels of economic, social and environmental attractiveness. The authors hypothesized that different strategies of migration behavior can lead to complex migration dynamics. To test the hypothesis, the authors built a basic agent-based model of migration for three regions, which takes into account various strategies of agents' migration behavior, including the choice of a region with the highest economic, social or environmental level of attractiveness. The result of numerical experiments shows that a combination of various strategies for choosing a region with a change in the age structure of migrants leads to periodic and complex regimes of migration dynamics. The authors have found the conditions under which complex dynamics in the model occurs in the short - and medium-term periods.

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Desai, Rutvik, Lisa L. Conant, Eric Waldron, and Jeffrey R. Binder. "fMRI of Past Tense Processing: The Effects of Phonological Complexity and Task Difficulty." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 278–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.2.278.

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The generation of regular and irregular past tense verbs has been an important issue in cognitive science and has been used to advance different models of the organization of language in the brain. The dual-system view holds that the regular past tense forms are generated by a rule while irregular forms are retrieved from memory. The single-system view, on the other hand, holds that both forms are generated by a single integrated system and differ only in their reliance on factors such as phonology and semantics. We conducted an event-related fMRI study to examine the activation patterns associated with the generation and reading of regular and irregular past tense forms, in addition to the reading of their stems. Regular and irregular past tense generation activated similar brain regions compared to the reading of their respective stems. The areas activated more for irregular generation compared to regular generation included inferior frontal, precentral, and parietal regions bilaterally. This activation can be interpreted as reflecting the greater attentional and response selection demands of irregular generation. Compared to irregular generation, regular generation activated a small region in the left superior temporal gyrus when the regular and irregular past tense forms were mismatched on phonological complexity. No areas were more activated for regulars than irregulars when the past tense forms were matched on this variable. This suggests that the activation specific to regulars was related to the higher phonological complexity of their past tense forms rather than to their generation. A contrast of the reading of regular and irregular past tense forms was consistent with this hypothesis. These results support a single-system account of past tense generation.

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Chen, Chun-Sung, Lin-shinn Hwang, and Ching-Ho Chen. "Estimating the area of an irregular-boundary region." Australian Surveyor 38, no. 4 (December 1993): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1993.10438880.

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Haghighipour, N., and D. Jewitt. "A REGION VOID OF IRREGULAR SATELLITES AROUND JUPITER." Astronomical Journal 136, no. 3 (July 21, 2008): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/909.

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MARCONDES, CARLOS BRISOLA, CECÍLIA FERREIRA DE MELLO, AMANDA QUEIROZ BASTOS, FABRIZIO MONTARSI, JERONIMO ALENCAR, and JACENIR SANTOS-MALLET. "Description of the egg of Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) (Diptera: Culicidae) using scanning electron microscopy." Zootaxa 4442, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.13.

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The egg of Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) [=Aedes koreicus (Edwards)], an invasive mosquito in Europe, is described from material obtained in Italy. Eggs are cigar-shaped and tapered posteriorly. They are 667.5 ±47.27 µm in length, and the width posteriorly, in the middle and near the micropyle is, respectively, 113.18 ±10.07, 182.5 ±26.92 and 142.25 ±13.85µm. The outer chorion has groups of tubercles, 3 or 4 in an irregular row in the anterior region and 4–6 irregularly dispersed in cavities surrounded by a covering similar to a membrane. The micropyle is surrounded by an irregular collar, and groups of tubercles are less defined in this region. This pattern is different from the egg described for any other mosquito species.

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Palmgren, P. A. "Irregular Networks: Bangkok Refugees in the City and Region." Journal of Refugee Studies 27, no. 1 (October 11, 2013): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fet004.

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Huang, Xian Ying, and Wei Wei Chen. "An Effective Image Matching Algorithm Based on Rotation Independence." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3685.

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Traditional image matching algorithms has poor accuracy in image comparing, such as histogram intersection method. A new image matching algorithm based on the similarity comparison of irregular shape is presented in this paper, which divides the image into a number of irregular regions according to different colors, and extracts the boundary points of the irregular region to compose an irregular shape. The direction and distance is used to comparing the two irregular shapes if the rotation of the image is not considered, otherwise circular list is used to ignore the image rotation. It can be used widely. If two irregular shapes are similar, the two images are considered similar. Experiment proves that this method can effectively improve the image matching accuracy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irregular region"

1

Oliveira, Filipa Simoes De Brito Ferreira De. "Numerical modelling of irregular wave propagation in the nearshore region." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266424.

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Lin, Sheng. "Irregular emigration form Fuzhou changes and transformation in coastal rural Qiaoxiang /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633970.

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Xie, Huizhi. "Some contributions to latin hypercube design, irregular region smoothing and uncertainty quantification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44770.

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In the first part of the thesis, we propose a new class of designs called multi-layer sliced Latin hypercube design (DSLHD) for running computer experiments. A general recursive strategy for constructing MLSLHD has been developed. Ordinary Latin hypercube designs and sliced Latin hypercube designs are special cases of MLSLHD with zero and one layer respectively. A special case of MLSLHD with two layers, doubly sliced Latin hypercube design, is studied in detail. The doubly sliced structure of DSLHD allows more flexible batch size than SLHD for collective evaluation of different computer models or batch sequential evaluation of a single computer model. Both finite-sample and asymptotical sampling properties of DSLHD are examined. Numerical experiments are provided to show the advantage of DSLHD over SLHD for both sequential evaluating a single computer model and collective evaluation of different computer models. Other applications of DSLHD include design for Gaussian process modeling with quantitative and qualitative factors, cross-validation, etc. Moreover, we also show the sliced structure, possibly combining with other criteria such as distance-based criteria, can be utilized to sequentially sample from a large spatial data set when we cannot include all the data points for modeling. A data center example is presented to illustrate the idea. The enhanced stochastic evolutionary algorithm is deployed to search for optimal design. In the second part of the thesis, we propose a new smoothing technique called completely-data-driven smoothing, intended for smoothing over irregular regions. The idea is to replace the penalty term in the smoothing splines by its estimate based on local least squares technique. A close form solution for our approach is derived. The implementation is very easy and computationally efficient. With some regularity assumptions on the input region and analytical assumptions on the true function, it can be shown that our estimator achieves the optimal convergence rate in general nonparametric regression. The algorithmic parameter that governs the trade-off between the fidelity to the data and the smoothness of the estimated function is chosen by generalized cross validation (GCV). The asymptotic optimality of GCV for choosing the algorithm parameter in our estimator is proved. Numerical experiments show that our method works well for both regular and irregular region smoothing. The third part of the thesis deals with uncertainty quantification in building energy assessment. In current practice, building simulation is routinely performed with best guesses of input parameters whose true value cannot be known exactly. These guesses affect the accuracy and reliability of the outcomes. There is an increasing need to perform uncertain analysis of those input parameters that are known to have a significant impact on the final outcome. In this part of the thesis, we focus on uncertainty quantification of two microclimate parameters: the local wind speed and the wind pressure coefficient. The idea is to compare the outcome of the standard model with that of a higher fidelity model. Statistical analysis is then conducted to build a connection between these two. The explicit form of statistical models can facilitate the improvement of the corresponding modules in the standard model.

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Lin, Sheng, and 林勝. "Irregular emigration form Fuzhou: changes andtransformation in coastal rural Qiaoxiang." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41633970.

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Ntenhene, Felix. "Risking it to Libya : Irregular Migration from the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana to Libya." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44212.

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This thesis explores the phenomenon of irregular migration from the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana to Libya. It draws on migration theories to explain the underlying drivers of the phenomenon in the region. Many studies on irregular migration in Sub-Saharan Africa have predominantly attributed it to the push/pull theory. The objective here is to go beyond this stereotypical way of theorizing irregular migration in Sub-Saharan Africa by drawing on a wide range of migration theories to explain the underlying drivers of irregular migration from the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana to Libya. The evidence suggests that the drivers of irregular migration in the area under study are complex and nested in a broad-spectrum of social, cultural, moral, economic, historical, etc. context. Therefore, a single theory is inadequate to present a comprehensive explanation for the underlying drivers of the subject. It is revealed that there is the emergence of contemporary competing factors such as sports betting and internet fraud with some of the root causes of the phenomenon in the region. Hence, some of the root causes are weakened by these contemporary factors.

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Dirsus, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Essays on Irregular Regime Change / Marcel Dirsus." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162892625/34.

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Yang, Zhiyun. "A Cartesian grid method for elliptic boundary value problems in irregular regions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6759.

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Hansen, Frida. "Discrepancies in European Union policies towards illegal immigration : The securitisation of the visa-overstayer and the irregular migrant." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423102.

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Visa-liberalisation agreements are commonly used as an incentive by the EU to encourage cooperation within the realm of border and migration management with its neighbouring countries. The ultimate aim of these agreements is to reduce irregular migration to Schengen territory, something that has been percieved as an increasingly urgent issue for European policy makers in the wake of the 2015 'migration crisis'. However, the use of visa liberalisation agreements in such a fashion appears contradictory considering that most irregular migrants in the EU most likely are visa-overstayers. This essay takes of in this apparent puzzle and argues that securitisation theory might help us better understand this discrepancy. While the construction of the migrant as a security threat in Europe has been thoroughly examined, differences in securitisation between grups of irregular migrants are often left out of the discussion or only implicitly mentioned. By examining the discourse and practices of a central EU agency in regard to border and migration management, FRONTEX, this thesis shows that visa-overstayers are routinely left out of the securitised discussion on irregular migration, thus rendering EU policies asymmetrically occupied with irregular migration by means of 'illegal entry'. However, the thesis also uncovers a more conplex set of ideas that show that although visa-overstayers are not conceptulised as threats to security in discourse on par with other categories of irregular migrants, visa-goers and other travellers are, too, incresingly subjected to a rationale of survaillance and risk.

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Batista, Daiane Cardoso Lopes. "Impacto ambiental por ocupação em encostas urbanas: estudo de caso no bairro Gilberto Mestrinho Zona Leste de Manaus." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5359.

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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
The studies that deal with the irregular occupations in slopes located in urban areas and the serious consequences of this process in the environment, have been widely discussed in various areas of knowledge. In this context, this work aims to present findings about environmental impacts on slopes, from a case study in Gilberto Mestrinho neighborhood, located in the East Zone of Manaus. The steps were the development of the research included: bibliographic research, surveys and field inspections, geocoding and mapping of the area, systematization, data integration based on information about the neighborhood. Among the techniques and methodological procedures used to obtain the results can be enunciated: the correlation indicators, the identification of geomorphological factors that exert control over erosive process, pedological composition and characterization of surface runoff. Generation of thematic maps and cartographic collection of temporal images of the Landsat series / TM 5 and 80 ADS- sensor provided by the Amazon Protection System and the creation of a database of the study area also composed phases of data collection. Carried out the phases of research and systematization of data, interpretations have provided the following results were found and mapped in the field, 10 points of occurrences of erosive incisions gullies type, following the landslide scars and areas susceptible to flooding in areas the foot of the slopes. With regard to this last aspect, it was taken as mapping condition the local drainage network with respect to 30m quota. The temporal analysis to recognize the process of occupation of the area was carried out by identifying the deforestation ahead of the points discussed in the ground surface. Thus, according to this parameter was shown that 74% of the study area, which is equivalent to 591.98 hectares were deforested in 2005. In 2010, this number rose to 619.13 ha, thus corresponding to 77% the deforested area. Continuing with the analysis, it was found by geoprocessadas information that in 2015, an increase of 634.71 ha corresponding to 80% range where the vegetation has been removed. These data are significant from a recent footprint. Regarding the characterization geomorphological, in toposequences the slopes, selected for particle size analysis, it was found that the soil type and textural composition associated with factors such as slope and shape of the slope, carrying paper control over erosion, and in some cases, on mass movements. These aspects were identified in AREA 1 predominantly clayey soil and therefore provides greater stability to the outbreak of erosion with steepness 27-47% considered high, has been hit by interventions and in the vicinity is occupied, degree of risk R3. In AREA 2, the predominance of sandy soils, slopes 9 to 16% are low to moderate and are affected by flooding processes which increases the risk occupations at the foot of the slopes, the degree of risk R4. AREA 3 in the sandy clay composition, slope 16-27% moderate risk level R3. As regards the steepness factor in the neighborhood Gilberto Mestrinho risk classes which have increased expression in the study area are 16 to 27% equivalent to an area of 255.37 km2 total of 705.61 km2 neighborhood area. Certifying that the areas are complex to occupation, with instabilities on the slopes and interference of various factors, and thus require government interventions and mitigating measures of competent organs to prevent future events.
Os estudos que versam sobre as ocupações irregulares em encostas situadas em áreas urbanas e os graves reflexos desse processo no ambiente, têm suscitado amplas discussões nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho, tem por finalidade, apresentar resultados sobre impactos ambientais em encostas, a partir de um estudo de caso, realizado no bairro Gilberto Mestrinho, localizado na Zona Leste da cidade de Manaus. As etapas que constituíram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa incluíram: pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamentos e inspeções de campo, georreferenciamento e mapeamento da área, sistematização, integração de dados com base nas informações sobre o bairro. Dentre as técnicas e procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a obtenção dos resultados pode-se enunciar: a correlação de indicadores, a identificação dos fatores geomorfológicos que exercem controle sobre processo erosivo, a composição pedológica e a caracterização do escoamento superficial. A geração de mapas temáticos e acervo cartográficos de imagens temporais da série LandsaT/TM 5 e do sensor ADS- 80 fornecidos pelo Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia e a criação de um banco de dados da área de estudo também compuseram fases de obtenção dos dados. Realizadas as fases de pesquisa e sistematização dos dados, as interpretações providenciaram os seguintes resultados: Foram encontrados e mapeados em campo, 10 pontos de ocorrências de incisões erosivas do tipo voçorocas, seguindo-se as cicatrizes de escorregamentos e as áreas susceptíveis à inundação nas zonas de sopé das encostas. Com o que diz respeito a este último aspecto tomou-se como condicionante do mapeamento a rede de drenagem local com relação à cota de 30m. A análise temporal para reconhecer o processo de ocupação da área, foi realizada pela identificação do avanço de desmatamento sobre os pontos analisados na superfície do terreno. Sendo assim, de acordo com esse parâmetro foi evidenciado que 74% da área de estudo, o que equivale a 591,98 ha foram desmatados no ano de 2005. Em 2010, este número passou para 619,13 ha, correspondendo assim a 77% da área desmatada. Prosseguindo-se com a análise, verificou-se por meio de informações geoprocessadas, que em 2015 houve aumento de 634,71 ha correspondentes a 80% de faixa onde a vegetação foi suprimida. Estes dados são significativos de uma área de ocupação recente. Com relação à caracterização geomorfológica, nas topossequências das encostas selecionadas para análise granulométrica, constatou-se que o tipo de solo e a composição textural associados a fatores como declividade e formato da encosta, exercem papel controle sobre a erosão e em alguns casos sobre os movimentos de massa. Estes aspectos foram identificados na ÁREA 1 onde predomina um solo argiloso e, por conseguinte, apresenta maior estabilidade à deflagração de processo erosivo com declividade de 27 a 47% considerada elevada, já foi atingida por intervenções e nas adjacências encontra-se ocupada, grau de risco R3. Na ÁREA 2, a maior predominância de solos arenosos, as declividades 9 a 16% são baixas a moderadas e são atingidas por processos de inundação, o que aumenta o risco as ocupações no sopé das encostas, grau de risco R4. Na ÁREA 3 a composição argilo-arenosa, declividade de 16 a 27% moderadas, grau de risco R3. No que se refere ao fator declividade no Bairro Gilberto Mestrinho as classes de risco que apresentam maior expressão na área de estudo são de 16 a 27% equivalem a uma área de 255,37 km2 no total da área do bairro de 705,61 km2. Atestando que as áreas são complexas para ocupação, apresentando instabilidades nas encostas e interferências de diversos fatores, sendo assim necessitam de intervenções do poder público e de medidas mitigadoras dos orgãos competentes, para prevenir futuros eventos.

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Espinoza, Ibacache Jacqueline. "“Ilegales”: construcción social de la migración “ilegal” desde los discursos de los migrantes peruanos irregulares de la región metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105795.

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Tesis de grado para optar al título de Magíster en Psicología, Mención Psicología Comunitaria
La presente investigación se encuadra dentro del estudio de la inmigración irregular. Desde la perspectiva del análisis de discurso buscamos comprender las prácticas sociales y significaciones que convergen en la construcción social de la migración ilegal, para ello, realizamos entrevistas abiertas en profundidad a siete migrantes irregulares y un dirigente social que habitan en la Región Metropolitana. De esta forma, en la construcción social de la migración “ilegal” convergen, por un lado, prácticas sociales asociadas, primero, a la regulación y reglamentación para la inserción del migrante en la sociedad de destino; segundo, exclusión y constitución como un otro foráneo; tercero, prácticas de control y vigilancia que institucionalizan a la migración irregular como un delito. Y por otro lado, relacionado a las significaciones planteamos tópicos relacionados, primero, con la instalación de fronteras internas; y segundo, la irregularidad como marca que llega a posicionarse como polo que articula las distintas posiciones de sujeto lo cual implicaría el deterioro de la identidad del sujeto. En este sentido, la investigación posibilita la deconstrucción de ciertos significados asociados a la migración “ilegal”, pues pone de manifiesto desde los discursos de los sujetos los mecanismos que lo configuran como tal, así, se intenta aportar a una comprensión de esta construcción social desde otro punto de vista, pues entendemos que tensionar los dispositivos que configuran este fenómeno supone un afán desestabilizador de la construcción social hegemónica de este tipo de proceso migratorio. Palabras claves: migración irregular, prácticas sociales, fronteras internas

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Books on the topic "Irregular region"

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Mayo, Anita. Fast parallel iterative solution of Poisson's and the biharmonic equations on irregular regions. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1991.

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Milivojević, Sanja. Race, Gender, and Border Control in the Western Balkans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814887.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at the intersection of race, gender, and migration in the Western Balkans. Immobilizing mobile bodies from the Global South has increasingly been the focus of criminological inquiry. Such inquiry, however, has largely excluded the Western Balkans. A difficult place to research, comprising countries of the former Yugoslavia and Albania, the region is the second-largest route for irregular migrants in Europe (Frontex 2016). Indeed, EU expansion and global developments such as wars in Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq have had a major impact on mobility and migration in the region. The chapter outlines racialized hierarchies in play in contemporary border policing in the region, and how these racialized and gendered practices target racially different Others and women irregular migrants and asylum seekers. Finally, this chapter maps the impact of such practices and calls for a shift in knowledge production in documenting and addressing such discriminatory practices.

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Koser, Khalid. 5. Irregular migration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753773.003.0005.

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‘Irregular migration’ explores migration outside of established legal means. There are many ways for a migrant to be classed as irregular, but their motivations for leaving are the same as other migrants. Irregular migration is often seen as a threat to host nation sovereignty and, as a result, migrants are often subjected to stereotyping and xenophobia. Migrants—particularly women and children—face great hazards in simply entering the country. A multi-billion dollar industry has developed around the desire of people to move despite legal restrictions, in the form of human trafficking and migrant smuggling. These phenomena occur in all regions, and incur massive costs—and dangers—to irregular migrants.

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Grauer, Ryan. Conventional Interstate Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0027.

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This chapter details the challenge European states face in confronting conventional interstate warfare in the post-cold-war era. The European continent has been the site of several interstate conflicts featuring conventional operations since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and European militaries have fought in a number of similar wars waged outside the region. Conventional interstate wars are likely to manifest quite differently in the future from the way they did in the past, sometimes taking the form of ‘hybrid’ wars that involve irregular fighters and strategies alongside more traditional soldiers and efforts, but they will not disappear from the European security landscape in the near to medium term. Accordingly, while there is considerable room for improvement in the strategic allocation of resources, European states’ decisions to spend considerable sums on weaponry, equipment, and training programmes designed to maintain or improve their fighting capabilities in conventional operations are warranted.

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Kozelsky, Mara. Tatars and Cossacks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644710.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 addresses the month-long Allied march from Evpatoria on Crimea’s western shore toward Sevastopol, and includes the Battle of Alma. Chaos followed upon the heels of the enemy invasion as Commander A. S. Menshikov abandoned Evpatoria to the enemy in order to retrench around Sevastopol. Failure to address civilian needs in surrounding regions exacerbated fears of widespread Tatar mutiny. He assigned irregular Cossack forces, many of whom had been waging a war of conquest against Muslim tribes in the Caucasus, to settle order in Crimea. These Cossacks were not counted in military coffers, and so were left to extract food and supplies from local populations. Civilians protested their treatment, and a campaign of terror followed.

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Koser, Khalid. 8. The future of international migration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753773.003.0008.

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The evidence on the positive economic impact of migration has become stronger; yet anti-immigration politics and sentiments have increased. ‘The future of international migration’ explores the coming challenges for migrants, citizens, and policymakers in light of the current trends in migration patterns and processes as well as policies. It considers the changes in Asian migration; the growing issue of increased internal migration; the impact of climate change on migration; temporary migration which combats brain drain and fills specific short-term gaps in employment; the shifting policies on irregular migration from control to management; the reform of the international refugee regime; and the challenges of integration and the need for respect of migrants.

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Douglas, Guilfoyle. 10 The High Seas. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the legal regime of the high seas. It first considers the law governing the high seas as a used space: its geographic extent and the core ‘freedoms’ all States enjoy there. It then considers the legal structures underpinning or qualifying those considerations of space and usage: how the law of the sea allocates regulatory authority over high seas activities, the meaning of the high seas being reserved for ‘peaceful purposes’, and the interaction of the high seas with other maritime zones. Next, it looks at the law of the high seas as regards shipping, including the duties of flag States, the law applicable to stateless vessels, and the vexed question of jurisdiction regarding collisions. The chapter concludes by examining questions of the ‘policing’ of the high seas (including the contemporary problems posed by maritime piracy, irregular migration, and weapons smuggling) and the current major challenges for the relevant legal regime.

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Henham, Ralph. Sentencing Policy and Social Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718895.001.0001.

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The book argues that the promotion of social justice should become a key objective of sentencing policy. It rejects the idea that current forms of justice delivery can respond adequately to the social realities of social exclusion, discrimination, and poverty and their impact on criminality and victimization. Rather, it argues that a deeper understanding of the moral values that underpin punishment by the state is necessary, one that engages more convincingly with the justice needs and expectations of citizens and communities. It concludes that meaningful normative change is only possible where the moral foundations that underpin penal ideology and inform the sentencing policies and practices of the courts reflect a ‘real’ sharing of values about the social utility of sentencing and its outcomes. This aspiration is not portrayed as some kind of vague utopian notion, but as a fundamental necessity for the future legitimacy of penal governance. The book explores how sentencing might contribute more effectively to the achievement of social justice by engaging with some controversial and difficult problems, such as the sentencing of irregular migrants, offences of serious public disorder, sentencing for financial crime, and the sentencing of women. It concludes by proposing some practical reforms to sentencing in England and Wales based on the arguments developed in the earlier chapters, including an expanded role for the Sentencing Council in the development of a more regional and community-focused sentencing policy.

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Book chapters on the topic "Irregular region"

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Loo, Poh Kok, and Chew Lim Tan. "Adaptive Region Growing Color Segmentation for Text Using Irregular Pyramid." In Document Analysis Systems VI, 264–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_25.

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Abe, K., A. Kikuchi, and K. Koro. "Wave Propagation in an Infinite Track Having an Irregular Region." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 71–79. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53927-8_9.

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Borowska, Marta, Edward Oczeretko, and Janusz Szarmach. "Fractal Texture Analysis in the Irregular Region of Interest of the Healing Process Using Guided Bone Regeneration." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 103–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06593-9_10.

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Thomas, J. W. "Irregular Regions and Grids." In Texts in Applied Mathematics, 493–533. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0569-2_4.

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Hunter, Deidre A. "Star Formation in Normal Irregular Galaxies." In Star Forming Regions, 611–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_174.

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Heidmann, J. "Hyperactive Star Bursts in Clumpy Irregular Galaxies." In Star Forming Regions, 599–610. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_173.

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Klein, U., J. Heidmann, R. Wielebinski, and E. Wunderlich. "Far-Infrared Emission from Clumpy Irregular Galaxies." In Star Forming Regions, 647. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_197.

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Taniguchi, Y., and S. Tamura. "High-Dispersion Spectroscopy of the Clumpy Irregular Galaxies Markarian 297 and 325." In Star Forming Regions, 644–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_196.

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Stasiński, Ryszard. "Coding of Irregular Image Regions by SA DFT." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 71–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44692-3_9.

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Tamura, S., and J. Heidmann. "U-G and G-R Colors of the Clumpy Irregular Galaxies Markarian 297 and 325." In Star Forming Regions, 642–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_195.

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Conference papers on the topic "Irregular region"

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Zaafrani, A., and M. R. Ito. "Parallel Region Execution of Loops with Irregular Dependencies." In 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'94). IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpp.1994.153.

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FAN, HUI, and CE FAN. "CONSTRUCTING FOR IRREGULAR REGION IN FRACTAL IMAGE COMPRESSION." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on WAA. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812796769_0008.

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Ghaffari, B. V., T. Kitajima, S. S. Abdullah, and M. Kouhnavard. "A robust and highly efficient localization method for irregular license plates." In 2014 IEEE Region 10 Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tenconspring.2014.6863109.

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Anuradha, R., N. Rajkumar, and S. Praveenkumar. "Detecting irregular fuzzy coherent rules in a predefined taxonomy." In TENCON 2016 - 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2016.7848363.

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Velazco-Paredes, Yuber, Roxana Flores-Quispe, and Raquel E. Patino Escarcina. "Region-based image retrieval using color and texture features on irregular regions of interest." In 2015 IEEE Colombian Conference on Communications and Computing (COLCOM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/colcomcon.2015.7152077.

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Trifonov, Peter. "Design of structured irregular LDPC codes." In 2008 IEEE Region 8 International Conference on Computational Technologies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SIBIRCON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibircon.2008.4602580.

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Gao, Fajin, and Guangfen Wei. "A fast coding algorithm based on variance and irregular region." In 2012 Third International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicip.2012.6391512.

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Liu, Hongmin, and Zhiheng Wang. "Robust irregular region matching based on inner product and exterior product." In 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2010.5512191.

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Patil, Siddarama R., and Sant S. Pathak. "Improved performance irregular quasi-cyclic LDPC code design from BIBD’s using threshold minimization." In TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2008.4766569.

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Birknes, Jørn, Øistein Hagen, Thomas B. Johannessen, Øystein Lande, and Arne Nestegård. "Second-Order Kinematics Underneath Irregular Waves." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11629.

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The present paper is concerned with the prediction of horizontal velocities underneath measured irregular wave surface elevations. The simple case of unidirectional waves in deep water is considered. The main challenge in calculating accurately the kinematics in the crest region is related to the treatment of the contribution from wave components with frequencies much higher than the frequencies near the spectral peak. When using linear or weakly nonlinear perturbation methods, the wave components are superimposed at the still water level and it is necessary to truncate the tail of the spectrum in order to calculate accurately the velocity in the crest region. In the present paper, results from three methods of calculating the crest kinematics are compared with the model test results of Skjelbreia et al. [1]: • The second-order model of Stansberg et al. [5] which truncates consistently the high frequency part of the spectrum. • The second-order model of Johannessen [13] which calculates the velocity directly at the instantaneous free surface. • The Wheeler [3] stretching method which stretches the linear velocity profile from the still water level to the instantaneous free surface. In addition to comparing the horizontal velocity profiles underneath the crest, time traces of horizontal velocity is compared at the free surface in the vicinity of a large crest. The latter comparison highlights the differences between the models and the challenge of accurate predictions close to top of crest. All three models show a reasonable agreement with model test results although it is clear that the first two methods are superior to the Wheeler method.

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Reports on the topic "Irregular region"

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Taylor, H. S. A scaling theory for the assignment of spectra in the irregular region. Continuation progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/615665.

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Godenau, Dirk, and Daniel Buraschi. Recent trends in irregular maritime immigration in the Canary Islands. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.06.

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The recent intensification in irregular maritime migrations in the Atlantic route through the Canary Islands, which is employed to reach the European mainland from Africa, coincides in time with the presence of the coronavirus pandemic and incorporates some novelties involving a flow that has been present in the archipelago’s evolution for almost three decades. It also exhibits many similarities with the permanent manifestation of this influx, even though the scant planning and weak response initially implemented in an effort to comprehensively manage this migration has placed the phenomenon at the forefront of the current affairs and debate in the region. As a result, a social context of enormous uncertainty due to the health and economic crisis, the direct and almost real-time knowledge of the outcome of many crossings thanks to social media, together with the confusion sown by how this mobility is being managed, all raise the need to reconsider its analysis in order to ascertain its current characteristics and keys to its understanding.

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Godenau, Dirk, Daniel Buraschi, and Vicente M. Zapata Hernández. Evolución reciente de la inmigración marítima irregular en Canarias. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.05.

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La reciente intensificación de las migraciones marítimas irregulares que protagonizan la ruta atlántica a través de Canarias, con el fin de acceder al continente europeo desde el africano, coincide en el tiempo con el desarrollo de la pandemia por coronavirus e incorpora algunas novedades en relación con una corriente que viene estando presente en el devenir del archipiélago desde hace casi tres décadas. También ofrece muchas similitudes con la permanente manifestación de esta afluencia, pese a que la escasa planificación y debilidad de la respuesta articulada inicialmente para abordar su gestión integral, ha situado el fenómeno en el primer plano de la actualidad y el debate en la región. Y de esta manera, un contexto social de enorme incertidumbre debido a la crisis sanitaria y económica, el conocimiento directo y casi en directo del desenlace de muchas expediciones a través de las redes sociales, junto al desconcierto que transmite la gestión de esta movilidad pese a que sus cifras no son comparables a las de la década anterior, entre otros aspectos, plantean la necesidad de retomar su análisis con el objetivo de desentrañar sus actuales características y claves para su comprensión.

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Godenau, Dirk, Daniel Buraschi, and Vicente M. Zapata Hernández. Evolución reciente de la inmigración marítima irregular en Canarias. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.05.

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La reciente intensificación de las migraciones marítimas irregulares que protagonizan la ruta atlántica a través de Canarias, con el fin de acceder al continente europeo desde el africano, coincide en el tiempo con el desarrollo de la pandemia por coronavirus e incorpora algunas novedades en relación con una corriente que viene estando presente en el devenir del archipiélago desde hace casi tres décadas. También ofrece muchas similitudes con la permanente manifestación de esta afluencia, pese a que la escasa planificación y debilidad de la respuesta articulada inicialmente para abordar su gestión integral, ha situado el fenómeno en el primer plano de la actualidad y el debate en la región. Y de esta manera, un contexto social de enorme incertidumbre debido a la crisis sanitaria y económica, el conocimiento directo y casi en directo del desenlace de muchas expediciones a través de las redes sociales, junto al desconcierto que transmite la gestión de esta movilidad pese a que sus cifras no son comparables a las de la década anterior, entre otros aspectos, plantean la necesidad de retomar su análisis con el objetivo de desentrañar sus actuales características y claves para su comprensión.

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Bando, Rosangela, Otavio Canozzi, José Martínez, and Ana Lucía Dezolt. May I Calculate Your Taxes?: The Effect of Bookkeeping on Tax Compliance under a Simplified Regime. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003386.

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Many countries worldwide face significant miss reporting in tax declarations. Miss reporting leads to undesired low revenue and economic distortions. This paper discusses the extent to which the residual bookkeeping burden faced by small firms in simplified regimes influence tax declarations. A randomized control trial among 1,500 irregular firms in Piaui, Brazil showed that adding the tax amount due and records on transactions to a warning notification improved compliance in 21 percentage points and increased the reported revenue in 39 percent. Firms without an accountant were less likely to regularize their status without the added information. These findings suggest the use of third party information to support voluntary compliance may present an opportunity for digital services to improve tax revenue services.

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