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1
Facciolo, Furlan Gabriele. "Irregularly sampled image resortation and interpolation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22714.
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The generation of urban digital elevation models from satellite images using stereo
reconstruction techniques poses several challenges due to its precision requirements.
In this thesis we study three problems related to the reconstruction of urban models
using stereo images in a low baseline disposition. They were motivated by the MISS project,
launched by the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales), in order to develop a low
baseline acquisition model.
The first problem is the restoration of irregularly sampled images and image fusion
using a band limited interpolation model. A novel restoration algorithm is proposed,
which incorporates the image formation model as a set of local constraints, and uses
of a family of regularizers that allow to control the spectral behavior of the solution.
Secondly, the problem of interpolating sparsely sampled images is addressed using a
self-similarity prior. The related problem of image inpainting is also considered,
and a novel framework for exemplar-based image inpainting is proposed. This framework is
then extended to consider the interpolation of sparsely sampled images. The third problem
is the regularization and interpolation of digital elevation models imposing geometric
restrictions. The geometric restrictions come from a reference image. For this problem
three different regularization models are studied: an anisotropic minimal surface
regularizer, the anisotropic total variation and a new piecewise affine interpolation
algorithm.La generación de modelos urbanos de elevación a partir de imágenes de satélite mediante técnicas de reconstrucción estereoscópica presenta varios retos debido a sus requisitos de precisión. En esta tesis se estudian tres problemas vinculados a la generación de estos modelos partiendo de pares estereoscópicos adquiridos por satélites en una configuración con baseline pequeño. Estos problemas fueron motivados por el proyecto MISS, lanzado por el CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) con el objetivo de desarrollar las técnicas de reconstrucción para imágenes adquiridas con baseline pequeños. El primer problema es la restauración de imágenes muestreadas irregularmente y la fusión de imágenes usando un modelo de interpolación de banda limitada. Se propone un nuevo método de restauración, el cual usa una familia de regularizadores que permite controlar el decaimiento espectral de la solución e incorpora el modelo de formación de imagen como un conjunto de restricciones locales. El segundo problema es la interpolación de imágenes muestreadas en forma dispersa usando un prior de auto similitud, se considera también el problema relacionado de inpainting de imágenes. Se propone un nuevo framework para inpainting basado en ejemplares, el cual luego es extendido a la interpolación de imágenes muestreadas en forma dispersa. El tercer problema es la regularización e interpolación de modelos digitales de elevación imponiendo restricciones geométricas las cuales se extraen de una imagen de referencia. Para este problema se estudian tres modelos de regularización: un regularizador anisótropo de superficie mínima, la variación total anisótropa y un nuevo algoritmo de interpolación afín a trozos.
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Griffin, Jonathan Alexander. "Radiation Dosimetry of Irregularly Shaped Objects." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1402.
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Electron beam therapy planning and custom electron bolus design were identified as areas in which improvements in equipment and techniques could lead to significant improvements in treatment delivery and patient outcomes. The electron pencil beam algorithms used in conventional Treatment Planning Systems do not accurately model the dose distribution in irregularly shaped objects, near oblique surfaces or in inhomogeneous media. For this reason, at Christchurch Oncology Centre the TPS is not relied on for planning electron beam treatments. This project is an initial study of ways to improve the design of custom electron bolus, the planning of electron beam therapy, and other radiation therapy simulation tasks, by developing a system for the accurate assessment of dose distributions under irregular contours in clinically relevant situations. A shaped water phantom system and a diode array have been developed and tested. The design and construction of this water phantom dosimetry system are described, and its capabilities and limitations discussed. An EGS/BEAM Monte Carlo simulation system has been installed, and models of the Christchurch Oncology Centre linacs in 6MeV and 9MeV electron beam modes have been built and commissioned. A test was run comparing the EGS/BEAM Monte Carlo system and the CMS Xio conventional treatment planning system with the experimental measurement technique using the water phantom and the diode array. This test was successful as a proof of the concept of the experimental technique. At the conclusion of this project, the main limitation of the diode array system was the lack of data processing software. The array produces a large volume of raw data, but not enough processed data was produced during this project to match the spatial resolution of the computer models. An automated data processing system will be needed for clinical use of the array. It has been confirmed that Monte Carlo and pencil-beam algorithms predict significantly different dose distributions for an irregularly shaped object irradiated with megavoltage electron beams. The results from the diode array were consistent with the theoretical models. This project was an initial investigation. At the time of writing, the diode array and the water phantom systems were still at an early stage of development. The work reported here was performed to build, test and commission the equipment. Additional work will be needed to produce an instrument for clinical use. Research into electron beam therapy could be continued, or the equipment used to expand research into new areas.
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Salguero-Beltran, Andres. "Texture analysis from irregularly sampled data." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843333/.
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Texture segmentation and classification are major issues in computer vision that have not yet been fully explored in the framework of irregularly sample data. Unlike well known image restoration techniques, many analysis methods are mainly concerned with obtaining data representation in a feature space and developing effective distance measures for image discrimination, with no interest in reconstructing back the image from the feature space. On avoiding the later, simpler approaches to image analysis may be developed. This thesis constitutes a research on texture analysis for feature extraction, classification and segmentation of irregularly sampled images. In a real scenario, irregularity in the sampling pattern may be a matter of either an inherent problem property, such as in gathering data in geosciences, or a deliberate design, such as retinomorphic sampling. To extend our results to either case, we introduced irregular sampling by investigating the spatial distributions of three sampling patterns. The first pattern is generated from the uniform distribution. The other two sampling patterns consist of inhomogeniously distributed data, with denser concentration towards the middle, to imitate the biological vision paradigm. One follows the Gaussian distribution and the other the log-pollar distribution. In addition, we extend two of the major approaches in image analysis to irregularly sampled data. The first, co-occurrence matrices, is a statistical approach, which is applied to texture classification. The second approach, Gabor analysis, is extended for unsupervised texture segmentation by using the Fourier transform for non-uniformly sampled data. Following a new trend which looks to enhance computer vision with the functionality of human vision, biologically inspired processing was progressively incorporated into our algorithms to the point of proposing a biological paradigm for image segmentation. Finally, we investigate the use of Gabor analysis for 3D irregularly sampled data, and in particular for the segmentation of volumetric seismic data obtained by the oil industry. The results, however, of this study are rather disappointing.
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Li, Z. "Methods for irregularly sampled continuous time processes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1428862/.
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This thesis will consider methods associated with irregularly spaced sampling of a real-valued continuous time stationary process. The problem of Monte Carlo simulation as well as parametric estimation under irregularly spaced sampling times will be discussed. For the simulation problem, the focus will be on the spectral simulation method. A novel algorithm has been proposed for the determination of the spectral simulation scheme, which is optimal in the sense of achieving required accuracy with minimal computational costs. The problem of parametric estimation under irregularly spaced sampling times will also be discussed. We will adapt the framework stochastic sampling times, in which the irregularity of the sampling times is modeled through a renewal point process over the real line. By constructing a second order discrete time stationary process from sampling, a parametric estimation method based on the well-known Whittle log-likelihood function will be proposed. Asymptotic consistency of the resulting estimator will be proved by borrowing existing results from literature of renewal theory. Moreover the performance issue of this proposed estimation procedure will be investigated further. It will be shown that by calculating the spectral density of the sampled discrete time process through a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) approximation, the Whittle log-likelihood function can indeed be evaluated relatively efficiently. This estimation method, however, will induce information loss, which will be shown to be related to the unique properties of the renewal kernel function. Although a accurate analysis of the renewal kernel function is not easy, it is still possible to provide some insights on the determining factors of the information loss through asymptotic calculations.
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Chandra, Sunil. "Texture image reconstruction from irregularly sampled data." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431093.
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Heinson, Yuli Wang. "Light scattering studies of irregularly shaped particles." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32517.
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Doctor of PhilosophyPhysics
Christopher M. Sorensen
We present light scattering studies of irregularly shaped particles which significantly affect the climate. We built and calibrated our apparatus which was able to measure all six independent scattering matrix elements. Our apparatus detects light from 0.32° to 157° simultaneously. We studied all six scattering matrix elements of irregularly shaped Arizona Road Dust which behave differently than those of spheres. We strongly focused on the most important scattering matrix element – the phase function, scattered intensity vs. the scattering angle, which we applied Q-space analysis to. Q-space analysis involves plotting the scattering intensity vs. the magnitude of the scattering wave vector q or qR with R the radius of a particle, on a double logarithmic scale. We measured and studied the phase functions of Al₂O₃ abrasives; compared the scattering from the abrasives with the scattering of spheres. To generalize the study, we collected a large amount of experimental and theoretical data from our group and others and applied Q-space analysis. They all displayed a common scattering pattern. The power law exponents showed a quasi-universal functionality with the internal coupling parameter ρ'. In situ studies of the soot fractal aggregates produced from a burner were also conducted. A power law exponent -1.85 is seen to imply the aggregates have fractal dimension of D[subscript f]=1.85. The overall work presented shows Q-space analysis uncovers patterns common to all particles: a q-independent forward scattering regime is followed by a Guinier regime, a power law regime, and sometimes an enhanced back scattering regime. The description of the patterns applies to spheres as well, except the power law regime has more than a single power law. These simple patterns give a unified description for all particle shapes. Moreover, the power law exponents have a quasi-universal functionality with ρ' for non-fractal aggregates. The absolute value of the exponents start from 4 when ρ' is small. As ρ' increases, the exponents decrease until the trend levels off at ρ'≳10 where the exponents reach a constant 1.75±0.25. All the non-fractal particles fall on the same trend regardless of the detail of their structure.
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Beijer-Lundberg, Anders. "A parametric study of irregularly shaped shotcrete shells." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36926.
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The shape of a tunnel wall after the task of blasting and drilling is typically irregular. After the tunnel wall is sprayed with shotcrete, the resulting shotcrete surface will also be irregular and have a big variation in thickness due to uneven shotcrete coverage. Today, most design models assume that the shotcrete surface behaves as a concrete slab. Research has proved that this is not the case and this report investigates the behaviour of an irregular shotcrete lining and is a pre-study to further research. The existing literature on the subject is reviewed to gain an understanding of the important parameters that affect the shotcrete shell. In addition to the theoretical research, discussions have been held with different industry actors to gain an understanding of the practical problems and how shotcrete is presently done. The relevant parameters that influence the behaviour of a tunnel lining are discussed and the quantitative and qualitative importance of each parameter is estimated based on previous research. Some of the practical problems that arise when a shotcrete lining is constructed are discussed. These problems complicate the design in many ways, and makes shotcrete design very different from ordinary structural design. There is also a brief review of how shotcrete design is carried out in Sweden. The behaviour of a shotcrete rock support system subjected to several load combinations using different models that simulate irregularity and variation in thickness is analyzed. This is a further development of an existing concept and confirms some of these conclusions and poses additional questions. Finally, the results from the earlier chapter are compared and discussed. The results show that the influence of the irregularity is highly dependent on the shotcrete thickness and shape and that the placement of the rock bolts is very important. Several other aspects are discussed as well. Finally suggestions for further research are given, especially the need for a 3D-model where the interface strength is included.I de flesta stora infrastrukturprojekt där tunnlar igår är sprutbetong en del av bergförstärkningen. Sprutbetong är en blandning av cement, ballast, vatten och olika tillsatser såsom accelerator, som sprutas på till exempel en bergyta. Det går även att använda stålfibrer i denna blandning, vilket get en betydligt större draghållfasthet. I detta fall brukar bergförstärkningen även bestå av bergbultar, vilket är bultar olika längd bland annat kan gjutas in i berget. Dessa kan sedan förses med brickor utanpå betongytan för att inte alltför stora spänningar ska ske vid bultarna. Normalt används empiriska metoder eller antagandet att sprutbetongen fungerar som en betongplatta för att bestämma hur bergförstärkningen ska utformas. Detta ger en bergförstärkningen som förmodligen kan vara överdimensionerad, vilket gör att det finns ett behov av dimensioneringsmetoder som ger en korrekt bild av hur sprutbetongen fungerar. Tidigare har numeriska modeller använts för att undersöka en sprutbetongförstärkning. Denna rapport är en förstudie till ett större forskningsprojekt om sprutbetong. Rapporten granskar den befintliga litteraturen på områden, försöker beskriva de praktiska problem som uppstår under byggnation, och använder en utveckling av den numeriska modell som tidigare har använts för att analysera samma problem i 3D. Resultaten visar att de tidigare slutsatserna stämmer förhållandevis väl i 3D och att flera av de slutsatser som dragits av tidigare studie även stämmer med denna modell. Rapporten avslutas med förslag på fortsatt forskning och betonar vikten av att använd bergmassan som en del av bergförstärkningen i kommande modeller, där särskilt vidhäftningen som sker mellan sprutbetongen och berget är en viktig parameter eftersom antalet brott i sprutbetongen verkar samverka med denna parameter.
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Martin, Richard James. "Irregularly sampled signals : theories and techniques for analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299693.
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Cuevas, Tello Juan Carlos. "Estimating time delays between irregularly sampled time series." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/88/.
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The time delay estimation between time series is a real-world problem in gravitational lensing, an area of astrophysics. Lensing is the most direct method of measuring the distribution of matter, which is often dark, and the accurate measurement of time delays set the scale to measure distances over cosmological scales. For our purposes, this means that we have to estimate a time delay between two or more noisy and irregularly sampled time series. Estimations have been made using statistical methods in the astrophysics literature, such as interpolation, dispersion analysis, discrete correlation function, Gaussian processes and Bayesian method, among others. Instead, this thesis proposes a kernel-based approach to estimating the time delay, which is inspired by kernel methods in the context of statistical and machine learning. Moreover, our methodology is evolved to perform model selection, regularisation and time delay estimation globally and simultaneously. Experimental results show that this approach is one of the most accurate methods for gaps (missing data) and distinct noise levels. Results on artificial and real data are shown.
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Herrmann, Kai, Hannes Voigt, and Wolfgang Lehner. "Cinderella - Adaptive Online Partitioning of Irregularly Structured Data." IEEE, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75273.
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In an increasing number of use cases, databases face the challenge of managing irregularly structured data. Irregularly structured data is characterized by a quickly evolving variety of entities without a common set of attributes. These entities do not show enough regularity to be captured in a traditional database schema. A common solution is to centralize the diverse entities in a universal table. Usually, this leads to a very sparse table. Although today's techniques allow efficient storage of sparse universal tables, query efficiency is still a problem. Queries that reference only a subset of attributes have to read the whole universal table including many irrelevant entities. One possible solution is to use a partitioning of the table, which allows pruning partitions of irrelevant entities before they are touched. Creating and maintaining such a partitioning manually is very laborious or even infeasible, due to the enormous complexity. Thus an autonomous solution is desirable. In this paper, we define the Online Partitioning Problem for irregularly structured data and present Cinderella. Cinderella is an autonomous online algorithm for horizontal partitioning of irregularly structured entities in universal tables. It is designed to keep its overhead low by incrementally assigning entities to partitions while they are touched anyway during modifications. The achieved partitioning allows queries that retrieve only entities with a subset of attributes easily pruning partitions of irrelevant entities. Cinderella increases the locality of queries and reduces query execution cost.
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Sanz, Aceituno Angel Luis. "Control algorithms for energy savings in irregularly occupied buildings." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15155.
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The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are nowadays in almost every new building, develop or improve better control strategies for them is very common, looking to have more energy efficiency and require less input parameters from the user. In this project, new control strategies based in previous theory models has been used with a new approach in order to find a good solution for irregular occupied spaces. In this new approach a feed-forward filter with a fixed preheating time, using an algorithm based on an identified model, calculates how much degrees the temperature room can be decreased and regulate the power of the radiators to do it.The results of this project displays that the chosen model have to be changed but the idea is interesting, because the simulations of the reference building give, with a preheating timeof 2 hours, around 3ºC of temperature reduction during 18 days and savings of 33% of the heat energy needed for the whole month.Considering that buildings and the residential sector currently account for 40 percent of Sweden's energy consumption and around 25 percent of other countries like USA or Spain, and that irregular spaces are more or less a 10% of the governmental, institutional, academic or public buildings, the potential savings are not negligible. The evaluation of this control strategy with its mathematical model as well as its resultsduring the month of January and the behavior of the system along the year have been made with the help of IDA program for simulation of the reference building and its energy system.
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Freij, Hannes. "Hyperspectral Image Registration and Construction From Irregularly Sampled Data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179487.
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Hyperspectral imaging based on the use of an exponentially variable filter gives the possibility to construct a lightweight hyperspectral sensor. The exponentially variable filter captures the whole spectral range in each image where each column captures a different wavelength. To gather the full spectrum for any given point in the image requires the fusion of several gathered images with movement in between captures. The construction of a hyperspectral cube requires registration of the gathered images. With a lightweight sensor comes the possibility to mount the hyperspectral sensor on an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect aerial footage. This thesis presents a registration algorithm capable of constructing a complete hyperspectral cube of almost any chosen area in the captured region. The thesis presents the result of a construction method using a multi-frame super-resolution algorithm trying to increase the spectral resolution and a spline interpolation method interpolating missing spectral data. The result of an algorithm trying to suggest the optimal spectral and spatial resolution before constructing the hyperspectral cube is also presented. Lastly, the result of an algorithm providing information about the quality of the constructed hyperspectral cube is also presented.
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Shorter, Nicholas. "UNSUPERVISED BUILDING DETECTION FROM IRREGULARLY SPACED LIDAR AND AERIAL IMAGERY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3965.
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As more data sources containing 3-D information are becoming available, an increased interest in 3-D imaging has emerged. Among these is the 3-D reconstruction of buildings and other man-made structures. A necessary preprocessing step is the detection and isolation of individual buildings that subsequently can be reconstructed in 3-D using various methodologies. Applications for both building detection and reconstruction have commercial use for urban planning, network planning for mobile communication (cell phone tower placement), spatial analysis of air pollution and noise nuisances, microclimate investigations, geographical information systems, security services and change detection from areas affected by natural disasters. Building detection and reconstruction are also used in the military for automatic target recognition and in entertainment for virtual tourism. Previously proposed building detection and reconstruction algorithms solely utilized aerial imagery. With the advent of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems providing elevation data, current algorithms explore using captured LiDAR data as an additional feasible source of information. Additional sources of information can lead to automating techniques (alleviating their need for manual user intervention) as well as increasing their capabilities and accuracy. Several building detection approaches surveyed in the open literature have fundamental weaknesses that hinder their use; such as requiring multiple data sets from different sensors, mandating certain operations to be carried out manually, and limited functionality to only being able to detect certain types of buildings. In this work, a building detection system is proposed and implemented which strives to overcome the limitations seen in existing techniques. The developed framework is flexible in that it can perform building detection from just LiDAR data (first or last return), or just nadir, color aerial imagery. If data from both LiDAR and aerial imagery are available, then the algorithm will use them both for improved accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach does not employ severely limiting assumptions thus enabling the end user to apply the approach to a wider variety of different building types. The proposed approach is extensively tested using real data sets and it is also compared with other existing techniques. Experimental results are presented.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Tian, Jialin. "Reconstruction of irregularly sampled interferograms in imaging Fourier transform spectrometry." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131354/unrestricted/tian%5Fjialin%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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孫昱東 and Yudong Sun. "A distributed object model for solving irregularly structured problemson distributed systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243630.
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Jorda, Oscar. "The econometrics of irregularly spaced time-series data in macroeconomic research /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9732718.
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Hou, Wei. "Functional mapping of longitudinal trajectories with unevenly and irregularly spaced data." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013388.
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Morton, Alexander Stuart. "Spectral analysis of irregularly sampled time series data using continuous time autoregressions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288870.
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Sun, Yudong. "A distributed object model for solving irregularly structured problems on distributed systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23501662.
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Calzaretta, Joseph Andrew 1974. "Delicate manipulation of irregularly-shaped rigid objects in a stiff, fragile environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47654.
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Netuzhylov, Hennadiy. "A space-time meshfree collocation method for coupled problems on irregularly-shaped domains." Braunschweig : CSE, Computational Sciences in Engineering, Techn. Univ, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994492537/34.
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Leier, Anthony Christopher 1974. "The grasping and manipulation of irregularly shaped objects with application to semiconductor industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50443.
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Griesing-Scheiwe, Fritjof. "Irregularly Sampled Data in the Design of a Soft Sensor System: Some Preliminary Results." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13295.
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In modern industrial applications, sensors are an expensive part of installed systems. Nevertheless, many system variables cannot be measured sufficiently frequently or accurately. Thus, soft sensors have been developed to estimate those variables without the expense of additional hardware. The use of a soft sensor with a bias update term has shown to perform well for disturbed systems with time delays and multirate sampling times. In industrial application, the time delay and sampling times often vary. Yet, the case of variation of the time delay and sampling time in the bias update term has not been considered in previous publications. This thesis tests a soft sensor with bias update term in simulation and gives a modification yielding better performance. It is shown that the tested method gives unstable results. Hence, a more general method with a bias update term that considers all possible sampling times in each step is proposed, giving stable results in simulation. Furthermore, the stability of the general method is proven mathematically by building a state space representation and applyingTesis
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Martin, Stephen E. "Modifications to the systematic layout planning procedure to allow departmental division and irregularly shaped subdepartments." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103141249.
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Sujan, Vivek Anand 1972. "The sensor based manipulation of irregularly shaped objects with special application to the semiconductor industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50448.
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Lazarus, Graeme Lawrence. "Validation of Monte Carlo-based calculations for small irregularly shaped intra-operative radiotherapy electron beams." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16680.
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Martin, Stephen. "Modifications to the Systematic Layout Planning Procedure to Allow Departmental Division and Irregularly Shaped Subdepartments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1103141249.
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Netuzhylov, Hennadiy [Verfasser]. "A space-time meshfree collocation method for coupled problems on irregularly-shaped domains / von Hennadiy Netuzhylov." Braunschweig : CSE, Computational Sciences in Engineering, Techn. Univ, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994492537/34.
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Zhou, Long. "Irregularly-Spaced Financial High-Frequency Data Simulation Using Multi-Dimensional Hawkes Processes: Estimation, Prediction And Corresponding Trading Strategy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och tillämpad matematik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175715.
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Larson, Christopher Whitford. "The Design and Construction of a 20" x 20" Mach 2.0 Blowdown Wind Tunnel to Characterize the Lift and Drag of Irregularly Shaped Fragments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76968.
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A supersonic wind tunnel, with a 20" x 20'" test section cross sectional area, was designed and constructed at the Techsburg Wind Tunnel Facility in order to determine the lift and drag on irregularly shaped fragments in supersonic flow. Prior to beginning the wind tunnel design process, a blowdown analysis model was created in order to determine the influence of a number of parameters on tunnel run time and test gas properties throughout the tunnel circuit. The design of the settling chamber, test section, supersonic nozzles, diffuser, and exhaust are presented in this thesis. Diffuser performance has a large influence on wind tunnel efficiency and run time. Therefore, significant efforts should be taken in order to attain the highest possible pressure recovery within the diffuser. The design of wind tunnel components, as well as their stress analysis, was conducted using SolidWorks. The control valve and silencer were sized and selected for the expected tunnel operating conditions. Since the control valve tends to encompass a significant portion of the overall tunnel cost, care must be taken to ensure it has a large enough flow capacity to produce the desired test conditions. Also, attempts must be made to accurately predict the total pressure loss through the silencer, since this loss can have a large impact on the total pressure ratio necessary to produce the design Mach number. Upon completion of the design process, the supersonic wind tunnel was assembled, and shakedown testing was conducted. During shakedown testing it was determined that the wind tunnel was capable of producing Mach 2 flow in the test section. Following shakedown testing, a flow survey was conducted in order to ensure uniform Mach number flow exists throughout the region occupied by the fragments. Based on the flow survey it was determined that within the middle 60% of the test section, the average Mach number was 1.950 and varied by only 0.56% within this region. Two irregularly shaped fragments were tested at Mach 2 flow, over an effective 360° pitch sweep, with wind tunnel runs performed every 10 degrees. Based on the measured force data for both fragments, the lift appeared to follow a sinusoidal curve, with minimum values at 0, 90, and 180° balance pitch angle, and maximum values occurring around 45 and 135° pitch angle. The drag force was observed to follow a gradual curve with minimum values at 0 and 180° balance pitch angle, as expected since the fragment presented area is generally least in this orientation. The maximum drag was found to occur at a balance pitch angle of 90°, once again as expected since the fragment presented area is generally greatest at this angle. It was also observed that the fragment drag tended to be greater for a fragment orientation which places the concave side of the fragment into the direction of the flow.Master of Science
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Shah, Abhay. "Multiple surface segmentation using novel deep learning and graph based methods." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5630.
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The task of automatically segmenting 3-D surfaces representing object boundaries is important in quantitative analysis of volumetric images, which plays a vital role in numerous biomedical applications. For the diagnosis and management of disease, segmentation of images of organs and tissues is a crucial step for the quantification of medical images. Segmentation finds the boundaries or, limited to the 3-D case, the surfaces, that separate regions, tissues or areas of an image, and it is essential that these boundaries approximate the true boundary, typically by human experts, as closely as possible. Recently, graph-based methods with a global optimization property have been studied and used for various applications. Sepecifically, the state-of-the-art graph search (optimal surface segmentation) method has been successfully used for various such biomedical applications. Despite their widespread use for image segmentation, real world medical image segmentation problems often pose difficult challenges, wherein graph based segmentation methods in its purest form may not be able to perform the segmentation task successfully. This doctoral work has a twofold objective. 1)To identify medical image segmentation problems which are difficult to solve using existing graph based method and develop novel methods by employing graph search as a building block to improve segmentation accuracy and efficiency. 2) To develop a novel multiple surface segmentation strategy using deep learning which is more computationally efficient and generic than the exisiting graph based methods, while eliminating the need for human expert intervention as required in the current surface segmentation methods. This developed method is possibly the first of its kind where the method does not require and human expert designed operations. To accomplish the objectives of this thesis work, a comprehensive framework of graph based and deep learning methods is proposed to achieve the goal by successfully fulfilling the follwoing three aims. First, an efficient, automated and accurate graph based method is developed to segment surfaces which have steep change in surface profiles and abrupt distance changes between two adjacent surfaces. The developed method is applied and validated on intra-retinal layer segmentation of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomograph (SD-OCT) images of eye with Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degneration and Pigment Epithelium Detachment. Second, a globally optimal graph based method is developed to attain subvoxel and super resolution accuracy for multiple surface segmentation problem while imposing convex constraints. The developed method was applied to layer segmentation of SD-OCT images of normal eye and vessel walls in Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) images. Third, a deep learning based multiple surface segmentation is developed which is more generic, computaionally effieient and eliminates the requirement of human expert interventions (like transformation designs, feature extrraction, parameter tuning, constraint modelling etc.) required by existing surface segmentation methods in varying capacities. The developed method was applied to SD-OCT images of normal and diseased eyes, to validate the superior segmentaion performance, computation efficieny and the generic nature of the framework, compared to the state-of-the-art graph search method.
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Sener, Goker. "Analysis And Design Of Microstrip Patch Antennas With Arbitrary Slot Shapes." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613161/index.pdf.
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A new method is proposed that provides simple and effcient design and analysis algorithm for microstrip antennas with arbitrary patch shapes. The proposed procedure uses the mutiport network model (MNM) where the antenna is considered as a cavity bounded by perfect electric conductors on the top and the bottom surfaces and perfect magnetic conductor on the side surfaces. Ports are defined along the periphery of the patch, and the impedance
matrix representing the voltage induced at one port due to a current source at another port, is obtained through the use of the 2-D Green&rsquos function corresponding to the cavity. For the MNM analysis of patches with irregular shapes such as slotted structures, the segmentation/desegmentation methods are utilized since the Green&rsquo
s function expressions are available only for regularly shaped cavities. To speed up the analysis and to develop a design procedure, vector Pade approximation is used in order to approximate the antenna impedance matrix as a rational function of two polynomials. When the approximation is performed with respect to frequency, the roots of the polynomial at the denominator provides the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The design algorithm is applicable when the approximation variable is changed to one of the dimensions of the patch that need to be optimized. Because for this case, the roots of the denominator polynomial correspond to optimum dimensions of the antenna where it resonates.
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Pereira, Fernanda de Andrade 1986. "Classification of the type D irregular minimal affinizations = Classificação das afinizações minimais irregulares de tipo D." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307009.
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Orientadores: Adriano Adrega de Moura, David HernandezTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: O conceito de afinização minimal, introduzido por Chari e Pressley, surgiu a partir da impossibilidade de se estender, em geral, uma representação do grupo quântico associado a uma álgebra de Lie simples para o grupo quântico associado à sua álgebra de laços, o que sempre é possível no contexto clássico. Uma classe especial de afinizações minimais é a dos módulos de Kirillov-Reshetikhin, que são afinizações minimais dos módulos irredutíveis quando os pesos máximos são múltiplos dos pesos fundamentais. Esses módulos são objetos centrais no estudo de reticulados integráveis em mecânica estatística. Nas últimas duas décadas, tem sido intensa a investigação científica na direção de se entender as afinizações minimais, devido não só às suas potenciais aplicações em física-matemática, mas também por ser uma teoria muito rica por si só, além de ter forte interação com combinatória. Existe uma classificação quase completa das classes de equivalências de afinizações minimais em termos de polinômios de Drinfeld, devido a Chari e Pressley. A classificação está completa no caso em que o suporte do peso máximo não engloba um subdiagrama de tipo D4, e neste caso existe uma única classe de equivalência. No caso em que o suporte engloba um subdiagrama de tipo D4 a situação depende essencialmente se o suporte contém o vértice trivalente do diagrama ou não. Se ele o contém, a classificação também está completa e existem três classes de equivalências. Caso contrário a classificação não está completa. Neste trabalho apresentamos a classificação das classes de equivalências para álgebras de tipo D. A principal técnica empregada foi a manipulação combinatória de qcaráteres através principalmente de sua descrição via tableaux e, algumas vezes, utilizando-se o algoritmo de Frenkel-Mukhin
Abstract: The concept of minimal affinization, introduced by Chari and Pressley, arose from the impossibility to extend, in general, a representation of the quantum group associated to a simple Lie algebra for the quantum group associated to its loop algebra, which is always possible in the classical context. A special class of minimal affinizations is that of the Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, which are minimal affinizations of the irreducible modules with highest weight multiple of a fundamental weight. These modules are central objects in the study of integrable lattices in mechanical statistics. In the past two decades it has been intense the scientific research in the direction of understanding the minimal affinizations, not only by their potential applications in mathematical physics, but also for being a very rich theory for itself, in addition to having strong interaction with combinatorics. There exists an almost complete classification of the equivalence classes of the minimal affinizations in terms of Drinfeld polynomials due to Chari and Pressley. The classification is completed in the case where the support of the highest weight does not enclose a subdiagram of type D4, and in this case there is only one equivalence class. In the case where the support encloses a subdiagram of type D4 the situation depends essentially if support contains the trivalent node of the diagram or not. If it contains, the classification is also completed and there are three equivalence classes. Otherwise the classification is not completed. In this work we present the classification of the equivalence classes for algebras of type D. The main technique used was the combinatorial manipulation of qcharacters through mainly its description via tableaux and sometimes using the Frenkel-Mukhin algorithm
Doutorado
Matematica
Doutora em Matemática
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Brasil, Pedro Ivo de Oliveira [UNESP]. "Satélites com alta excentricidade e/ou alta inclinação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91916.
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brasil_pio_me_rcla.pdf: 4848327 bytes, checksum: 073ea16f4b963b9d6cd364b4957ceb02 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho analisamos a evolução de alguns satélites de Júpiter sob a ação da migração planetária proposta por Tsiganis et al. (2005). Estudos de sobrevivência dos satélites além da órbita de Calisto são feitos. Tais estudos são realizados seguindo uma técnica recente apresentada em Deienno (2010). Nós também mostramos a plena possibilidade de captura de planetesimais que passam próximo do planeta. Tais objetos podem se tornar satélites irregulares de Júpiter. Realizamos uma análise destes planetesimais durante todo o tempo em que permaneceram capturados e comparamos com os atuais satélites irregulares. Finalmente, fizemos um estudo semianalítico, considerando uma análise qualitativa através de curvas de nível e superfícies de seçãso de Poincaré. Mostramos brevemente uma generalização da ressonância de Lidov-Kozai, onde aparecem dois novos centros
In this work we analyse the evolution of some Jupiter’s satellites submitted to planetary migration scenario proposed by Tsiganis et al. (2005). Studies on the survival of satellites beyond the orbit of Callisto are made. Such studies are done following a new and recent approach presented in Deienno (2010). We also show a clear possibility of capture of planetesimals that pass close the planet. Such objects can become Jupiters irregular satellites. We performed analysis of these captured planetesimals during entire period they were bound to Jupiter and compared with the existing irregular satellites. Finally, semi-analytical studies were done. Qualitative analysis through the level curves and Poincar´es surfaces of section of some orbits were considered. We briefly show a generalization of Lidov-Kozai resonance where two new centers of libration appear
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Koury, Wallyd Kalluf. "Investigação da prevalência de anticorpos irregulares em doadores de sangue do Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia Ltda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17155/tde-19072018-105457/.
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Anticorpos antieritrocitários são produzidos contra um ou mais epítopos presentes na superfície dos glóbulos vermelhos. A pesquisa de anticorpos irregulares consiste em expor os anticorpos circulantes do indivíduo a antígenos conhecidos in vitro. Nos casos dos doadores de sangue, a legislação vigente determina a realização da pesquisa de anticorpo irregular (PAI), não exigindo, porém, a determinação da especificidade do anticorpo, e os componentes plasmáticos e os concentrados de plaquetas, cuja presença de anticorpos irregulares fora evidenciada, não devem ser utilizados para transfusão. O presente estudo caracterizou o perfil imunohematológico referente à presença de anticorpos irregulares em doadores de sangue do Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia Ltda., no período de abril de 2008 a dezembro de 2015, e avaliar: (i) a prevalência de doadores de sangue voluntários que apresentam PAI positiva, (ii) a especificidade dos aloanticorpos identificados, (iii) a prevalência dos aloanticorpos em doadores de acordo com o sexo e a faixa etária. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As informações sobre resultado da PAI, especificidade do anticorpo, sexo e idade disponíveis no sistema informatizado do Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia Ltda. foram acessadas. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o teste exato de Fisher e valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Foram analisados 155.834 doadores. Em 474 (0,3%) doadores foram detectados anticorpos irregulares, dos quais, 358 doadores apresentaram resultados conclusivos (25% sexo masculino e 75% feminino). Os anticorpos de maior frequência foram anti-D (23%, n=83), anti-M (15%, n=55), anti-K (12,2%, n=44), anti-E (11,7%, n=42) e antiDia (11,7%, n=42). As associações de diferentes anticorpos ocorreram em 14,8% (48) da população estudada, sendo a mais frequente, anti-D + anti-C (n=19). A frequência de anticorpo irregular na população feminina foi significativamente maior que na masculina para as especificidades anti-D (p=0,0191) e anti-M (p=0,0005). O grupo de doadores com idade menor a 40 anos apresentou uma frequência estatisticamente maior de anticorpos irregulares com especificidades anti-M (p=0,0008) e anti-Dia (p=0,0176) quando comparado ao grupo de doadores com idade maior ou igual a 40 anos. Entre os 86 doadores do sexo masculino, a prevalência de anti-Dia foi significativamente maior na população masculina com idade inferior10 a 40 anos quando comparado aos doadores com idade maior ou igual a 40 anos (p=0,0273). O resultado obtido induz a suspeita de um provável IgM de origem natural considerando que esta população de doadores masculinos apresenta baixa chances de aloimunização por transfusão e não tem histórico de gestacional. A definição da prevalência e especificidade de aloanticorpos em doadores de sangue pode indicar a necessidade de um protocolo que defina a conduta frente ao doador com objetivo de proteção do doador de sangue e otimização do serviço de hemoterapia em relação às coletas de sangue realizadasAnti-erythrocyte antibodies are produced against one or more epitopes present on the surface of red blood cells. The search for irregular antibodies consists in exposing the subject\'s circulating antibodies to known antigens in vitro. In the case of blood donors, the current Brazilian legislation determines that the irregular antibody test (PAI) must be checked in all blood donores, but does not require the determination of the specificity of the antibody, and the plasma components and the platelet concentrates from blood donors with irregular antibodies should not be used for transfusion. The present study characterized the immunohematology profile for the presence of irregular antibodies in blood donors from the Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia Ltda., from April 2008 to December 2015, in order to evaluate: (i) the prevalence of donors with irregular antibodies, (ii) the specificity of the alloantibodies identified, (iii) the prevalence of alloantibodies in donors according to gender and age group. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee. PAI result, antibody specificity, sex and age data were collected from the system of the Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia Ltda. Statistical analyzes were performed using Fisher\'s exact test and values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 155,834 donors were analyzed. In 474 (0.3%) donors, irregular antibodies were detected, of which 358 donors presented conclusive results (25% male and 75% female). The most frequent antibodies were anti-D (23%, n = 83), anti-M (15%, n = 55), anti-K (12.2%, n = 44), anti-E (7%, n = 42) and anti-Dia (11.7%, n = 42). The associations of different antibodies occurred in 14.8% (48) of the study population, being the most frequent anti-D + anti-C (n = 19). The frequency of irregular antibody in the female population was significantly higher than in the male for the anti-D (p = 0.0191) and anti-M (p = 0.0005) specificities. The group of donors less than 40 years of age presented a statistically higher frequency of irregular antibodies with anti-M (p = 0.0008) and anti-Dia specificities (p = 0.0176) when compared to the group of donors aged 40 years or older. Among the 86 male donors, the prevalence of anti-Dia was significantly higher in the male population under 40 years of age when compared to those aged 40 years or older (p = 0.0273). This result induces the suspicion of a probable IgM of natural origin considering that this population of male donors has low chances of transfusion alloimmunization and has no gestational history. The definition of the prevalence and specificity of alloantibodies in blood donors may indicate the need for a12 protocol that defines the conduct towards the donor for the purpose of protecting the blood donor and optimizing the hemotherapy service in relation to the blood collections performed.
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Giglioli, Milena. "Avaliação da distribuição da dose absorvida em radioterapia com campos irregulares e alargados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-29062012-103322/.
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Na elaboração do planejamento do tratamento de câncer com radiações ionizantes, o médico radioterapêuta, através dos protocolos clínicos, determina a dose de radiação diária para cada tipo específico de tumor e, junto com o físico, durante os procedimentos de simulação dos campos de tratamento, fazem a localização das áreas a serem tratadas. Em alguns casos, os campos de radiação apresentam dimensões extensas visando englobar todo o volume alvo, o que pode exigir a proteção de regiões anatômicas e órgãos vitais localizados no interior da área irradiada ou mesmo circunvizinhas ao volume alvo, a fim de se garantir o limite de dose absorvida tolerável por estes órgãos. Em geral, estes órgãos críticos localizam-se fora do eixo central do feixe de radiação, até mesmo próximo da periferia do campo, justificando a importância da determinação da dose de radiação em pontos situados fora do feixe central e do isocentro de tratamento, buscando dimensionar as colimações de proteção que dependem do seu posicionamento, da dose de tolerância do ponto anatômico e dos parâmetros radiométricos do equipamentos de radiação utilizados. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da distribuição de dose absorvida em pontos situados fora do eixo central do feixe de radiação durante procedimentos de radioterapia com campos extensos e irregulares. O código computacional MCNP5 foi usado para construir duas modelagens do cabeçote de um acelerador linear clínico, utilizado como fonte de radiação, e simular o perfil radiométrico do feixe de tratamento para campos irregulares e alargados. Foram realizadas medidas experimentais da curva de Porcentagem de Dose Profunda (PDP) e perfil de dose utilizando câmara de ionização, detectores de diodos e filmes radiográficos. Os valores experimentais foram comparados com os perfis de dose simulados para realização do processo de validação dos cálculos. Após a validação, casos clínicos foram simulados como forma de aplicação da metodologia apresentada.In treatment planning of radiotherapy, the radiotherapist determines the daily radiation dose for each specific type of tumor and, with the physicist, locates the areas to be treated during the simulation procedures of treatment fields. In some cases the radiation fields have large dimensions in order to cover the entire target volume, which may require protection of the vital organs and anatomical regions located within the irradiated area or surrounding the target volume, in order to ensure the limit absorbed dose tolerated by these agencies. In general, these critical organs are located off-axis beam, even near the periphery of the field, which explains the importance of determining the radiation dose at points outside of the central beam and the isocenter of treatment, aiming size the protection that depend on their location, the tolerance dose of the anatomical point and radiometric parameters of the radiation equipment used. This work presents an analysis of the distribution of absorbed dose at points outside the central axis of the beam during radiotherapy procedures with large and irregular fields. The MCNP5 code was used to construct the modeling of the head of a clinical linear accelerator, used as a radiation source, and simulate the profile of the beam treatment for irregular elds and extended. Measurements were made of the experimental curve Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and dose prole using ionization chamber detectors, diodes and radiographic films. The experimental values were compared with dose profiles simulated to perform the validation process of the calculations. After validation, clinical cases were simulated as a way of applying the methodology presented.
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Silva, Mariana Moreno Everton. "Movimentação internacional de pessoas: perspectivas social e jurídica dos trabalhadores sul-americanos irregulares no Brasil." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1516.
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Research whose subject is the illegal immigrants workers in Brazil coming from South American countries. The migratory movements occurred by the development of the humanity and in Brazil there were periods that the flow of immigrants was intense and in other not so much. The migrations to the country coming from the borderer countries get importance in the 1950‟s. This movement has been intensified since 1970 and ever since the numbers have been increasing. The main destiny of the immigrants has been the sewing factories established in São Paulo. However, these immigrants have been entering, staying illegally, establishing themselves as unidentified or clandestine and working in conditions similar to slave work. This study had as aim analyzing the condition of vulnerability created by the illegality of the immigrant workers under the social and legal perspective. The immigrations occurred between the years 2000 and 2010. It was found that many immigrants had worked and lived in degraded conditions in the sewing factories setting offenses to the fundamental rights of the human. The Brazilian State has launched actions aiming opposing this disorder. The research was carried out from the issue verification, followed by the formulation of hypothesis about the reality of irregular immigrants and their vulnerability in order to conclude the existence of the situation and transgressions to the elementary rights of the human being. The research is set up in bibliographical research that includes historical, sociological, legal, demographical studies as well as investigations in publications of International Organisms as United Nations (UN), International Organization for Migration (IOM), International Labor Organization (ILO), and national government agencies such as Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego e Ministério da Justiça. The study also includes documental research in the Constituição Federal of 1988, laws, International Treaties and demographical data of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Centro Latino Americano de Demografia (CELADE).
Pesquisa cujo tema é os trabalhadores imigrantes ilegais no Brasil oriundos de países da América do Sul. Os movimentos migratórios confundem-se com o desenvolvimento da humanidade e no Brasil houve períodos em que o fluxo de imigrantes foi intenso e em outros nem tanto. As migrações para o país oriundas dos países limítrofes adquirem importância na década de 1950. Tal movimento se intensifica a partir de 1970 e desde então os números só tem crescido. O principal destino dos imigrantes tem sido as oficinas de costura sediadas em São Paulo. Ocorre que muitos deles têm entrado, permanecido no país de forma irregular, estabelecendo-se na condição de ilegais ou clandestinos e trabalhando em regime análogo ao de escravidão. Este trabalho teve como fulcro analisar a situação de vulnerabilidade gerada pela irregularidade dos trabalhadores imigrantes sulamericanos sob as perspectivas social e jurídica, ocorridas entre os anos 2000 a 2010. Foi constatado que muitos imigrantes trabalhavam e viviam em condições degradantes nas confecções configurando agressões aos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana. O Estado brasileiro tem empreendido ações no intuito de combater tal mazela e de acolher os imigrantes. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da verificação do problema, seguida pela formulação de hipóteses sobre a realidade dos imigrantes irregulares e sua vulnerabilidade para se concluir pela existência da situação e agressões a direitos elementares ao ser humano. O estudo constitui-se em pesquisa bibliográfica que abrange estudos históricos, sociológicos, jurídicos, demográficos bem como estudos em publicações de Organismos Internacionais como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), Organização Internacional para as Migrações (OIM), Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) e órgãos nacionais com o Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Ministério da Justiça e Ministério Público do Trabalho. O estudo abrange também a pesquisa documental na Constituição Federal de 1988, legislação infraconstitucional, Tratados Internacionais e dados demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Centro Latino Americano de Demografia (CELADE).
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Mundim, Leandro Resende. "Uma abordagem heurística para o corte de itens irregulares em múltiplos recipientes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-05082015-112059/.
Full textAbstract:
Problemas de corte e empacotamento de itens irregulares são problemas que visam determinar um leiaute ótimo de objetos pequenos dentro de objetos maiores, a fim de atender a uma demanda. Estes problemas têm grande importância prática, já que surgem em vários tipos de indústria (como a têxtil, a de móveis e a de calçados). O problema estudado neste trabalho é o problema de corte de itens irregulares em recipientes. Os recipientes são delimitados e o objetivo é encontrar um leiaute dos objetos menores, sem sobreposição, dentro dos objetos maiores utilizando a menor quantidade de recipientes. Propomos um novo método de resolução para o problema. Nosso método é um algoritmo que gerencia um conjunto de heurísticas, de baixo nível, específicas para a resolução do problema com recipientes retangulares e irregulares. Recipientes irregulares são polígonos convexos e não convexos, que podem ser furados. As heurísticas desenvolvidas utilizam uma malha de pontos sobre a técnica de no-fit polygon para evitar a sobreposição dos itens e encontrar posições viáveis no recipiente retangular ou irregular. Os experimentos computacionais foram feitos para um grande conjunto de instâncias, de recipientes retangulares e irregulares. Os resultados demonstram a competitividade do método, que obtêm resultados bons e algumas soluções ótimas, em um tempo computacional aceitável.Cutting and packing of irregular items are problems that aim to determine the optimum layout of small objects within larger objects (that we call bins), in order to meet a demand. These problems have great practical importance, since they emerge in various types of industry (such as textile, furniture and shoemaking). The problem studied in this work is the irregular bin packing problem. The bins are enclosed and the goal is to find a layout of items, without overlap, within the bins by using the minimum quantity of them. We propose a new method of resolution to this problem. Our method is an algorithm that manages a set of low-level heuristics, specific to solve the problem with rectangular bins and irregular bins. Irregular bins are convex and non-convex polygons, which may contain holes. The developed heuristics uses a mesh of points and the technique of no-fit polygon to avoid the overlapping of items and find feasible positions in rectangular or irregular bins. The computational experiments were performed for a large set of instances, using both rectangular and irregular bins. The results demonstrate the competitiveness of the method, which can get good results and some optimal solutions within an acceptable computational time.
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Costa, Tharsila Moreira Gomes da. "Teste de morfologia da língua portuguesa em sujeitos normais: efeitos de escolaridade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-25102017-154521/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Pouco se conhece sobre aspectos morfológicos da linguagem, o que representa uma lacuna no cenário das relações cérebro-mente. Os escassos estudos foram realizados em línguas anglo-saxônicas, com características diferentes do português brasileiro. Estudos dos aspectos morfológicos, em sujeitos com alterações neurológicas, demonstram efeitos do desempenho em tarefas de linguagem. Alguns estudos apontam que a flexão de verbos regulares e irregulares pode estar associada a mecanismos e processamentos cerebrais diferentes. A pesquisa sobre o comportamento de indivíduos sadios falantes do português brasileiro pode colaborar para a construção de referências que permitirão estudos futuros sobre sujeitos com alterações de linguagem. OBJETIVOS: verificar a produção morfológica em Língua Portuguesa do Brasil de sujeitos cognitivamente saudáveis por meio de um teste de flexão de verbos e pseudoverbos. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por sujeitos sadios, com idade entre 40 a 80 anos. Foi considerado o nível de escolaridade pelo número de anos em escola formal: o Grupo 1 (G1) entre 0 a 7 anos de estudo, e o Grupo 2 (G2) acima de 8 anos de estudo. O Teste foi composto por frases-alvo com verbos e pseudoverbos, balanceadas em tempo verbal, conjugação dos verbos e tipo do verbo (regular/irregular). As frases alvo foram apresentadas em áudio por meio de um software e o sujeito foi solicitado a completar a frase. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos sujeitos foram analisadas e descritas com perfis de desempenho dos grupos em relação à escolaridade. Nos verbos reais irregulares foi observado pior desempenho para o G1 em relação ao G2, com diferença estatística. Nos pseudoverbos foi observada diferença estatística em todas as flexões verbais, com desempenho pior para o G1. A análise qualitativa das respostas revelou efeito de lexicalização do pseudoverbo, ausência de respostas e transformações fonológicas mais frequentes nas respostas do G1. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo, realizado com uma amostra populacional cognitivamente saudável pode contribuir como referência para futuras pesquisas envolvendo pacientes com diferentes alterações de linguagemIntroduction: Little is known about the morphological aspects of language, which represents a gap in the brain-mind relationship scenario. The scarce studies were produced in Anglo-Saxon languages, with different characteristics from the Brazilian Portuguese. Studies on morphological aspects in subjects with neurological disorders have shown worst performance related to language tasks. A few studies indicate that the inflexion of regular and irregular verbs may be associated with different mechanisms and cerebral processes. The research about healthy Brazilian Portuguese speakers\' behavior may collaborate as reference for future studies with subjects with language disorders. Purpose: to verify the morphological production in the Portuguese language in healthy subjects through a verb and pseudoverb inflexion test. Methods: the sample was composed by cognitively healthy individuals with ages ranging between 40 to 80 years old. The years of formal education were considered as the educational level; the Group 1 (G1) between 0 to 7 years of study and the Group 2 (G2) above 8 years of study. The test consisted of 213 target-phrases with different verbal tenses. The sentences were built with real verbs and pseudoverbs. A program was designed to play the target-phrases in audio and the subjects had to complete the given sentence. Results: the subjects\' answers were transcribed and analyzed by their performance on the test and also through the type of answer presented to each stimulus. Subjects were then compared by their performance and educational level. For the real irregular verbs it was observed a worse performance by G1 than G2, with a marked statistical significance. For the pseudoverbs it was observed a statistical significance in all verb inflexions, with worse performance by G1. Qualitative analysis of the responses revealed a pseudoverb lexicalization effect, absence of answer and a more frequent phonological transformation for G1 answers. Conclusion: there is an education influence in the morphological production performance in cognitively healthy individuals. This study may contribute as a reference for future researches involving patients with language disorders in Brazil
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Moura, Tamires dos Santos de [UNESP]. "Pontos de equilíbrio ao redor de asteroides: localização e estabilidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143467.
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Tendo em vista que asteroides são objetos remanescentes dos primórdios do Sistema Solar, estamos interessados na composição deles. Existem missões que estão sendo analisadas com a finalidade de enviar sondas em direção a asteroides do grupo Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), que representa uma das mais peculiares classes de objetos no Sistema Solar visto que suas órbitas podem se aproximar ou até mesmo cruzar a terrestre. Esse grupo é considerado representativo da população de asteroides, uma vez que podem fornecer informações sobre a mistura química a partir da qual os planetas teriam se formado a bilhões de anos atrás, possibilitando a compreensão da origem e evolução do Sistema Solar e quem sabe até a origem da vida na Terra. Dessa forma, um estudo detalhado a fim de compreender a superfície, a composição e a estrutura interna de um NEA será um grande passo para a Ciência. Nessa pesquisa, inicialmente reproduzimos os dados do potencial gravitacional pelo método dos poliedros para o asteroide 2063 Bacchus, um NEA, a fim de validar os resultados encontrados em Moura (2014). O método dos poliedros fornece uma precisão muito boa da forma irregular do corpo. Por meio de estudo dos modelos de potenciais gravitacionais para corpos não esféricos e implementação de rotinas computacionais foi realizada uma breve análise em relação ao formato do asteroide 2063 Bacchus, bem como das suas superfícies equipotenciais e curvas de velocidade zero. Os objetivos dessa dissertação são realizar um estudo detalhado a respeito dos pontos de equilíbrio no campo gravitacional de 2063 Bacchus, bem como da estabilidade desses pontos levando em consideração os autovalores da equação característica. Além disso, alteramos os valores do período de rotação e da densidade desse objeto a fim de verificar como a localização e a estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio alteram quando um parâmetro é mudado. A motivação principal é realizar um estudo o mais realista possível e, dessa forma, observar também como os pontos de equilíbrio se comportam quando introduzimos o efeito da força de pressão de radiação solar que, nesse caso, passam a ser chamados de pontos equivalentes. O trabalho possibilita ampliação do conhecimento não somente para o caso de asteroides, mas também para outros corpos não esféricos como cometas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estudos direcionados a origem e evolução do Sistema Solar.
Given that asteroids are remnant objects of the Solar system beginnings, we are interested in their composition. There are missions that are being analyzed with the purpose of sending probes toward asteroids from the group Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), which is one of the most peculiar classes of objects in the solar system because their orbits can approach or even cross the Earth’s orbit. This group is considered representative of the population of asteroids, since they can provide information about the chemical mixture from which the planets would have been formed billions of years ago, enabling the understanding of the origin and evolution of the Solar System and maybe even on the origin of life on Earth. Thus a detailed study in order to understand the surface, the composition and internal structure of a NEA will be a big step for Science. In this research, initially we reproduce the data of the gravitational potential by the method of polyhedra for asteroid 2063 Bacchus, a NEA, in order to validate the results found Moura (2014). The method of polyhedra provides a very good accuracy of the irregular shape of the body. Through study of gravitational potential designs for non-spherical bodies and computational routines implementing a brief analysis was performed with respect to the asteroid shape of 2063 Bacchus, as well as its equipotential surfaces and zero-velocity curves. The objectives of this work are to conduct a detailed study on the equilibrium points in the gravitational field of 2063 Bacchus, and the stability of these points taking into account the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation. In addition, we varied the values of the rotation period and density of the object in order to see how the location and stability of equilibrium points changed when a parameter is altered. The main motivation is to achieve a more realistic study and thus, also observe how the equilibrium points behave when we introduce the effect of solar radiation pressure force. The new points are called equivalent points. The work enables expansion of the knowledge, not only in the case of asteroids, but also to other non-spherical bodies like comets, contributing to the development of studies addressing the origin and evolution of the solar system.
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Escobar-Mendieta, Carlos-Alberto, and Carlos-Alberto Escobar-Mendieta. "Liquidación de sociedades irregulares." Master's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3108.
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El presente trabajo de investigación obedece a la percepción de sensación de desprotección que siente una persona al tener un problema societario que debería de ser extirpado, la irregularidad de las sociedades; que puede traer consigo un drástico cambio en el contexto económico de cada persona.Trabajo de investigación
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Costa, De Leon Petta Gomes da. "Cooperação entre Estado-Nação e crime organizado: uma geopolítica obscura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-19032018-115217/.
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O crescente fluxo de bens e de pessoas iniciado nos anos de 1980 e expandido ao longo dos anos de 1990 gerou a utópica ideia de que as fronteiras do Estado-Nação e as questões de soberania nacional acabariam por desaparecer. Este contexto e os acontecimentos crescentes envolvendo atores não estatais no cenário internacional criaram uma visão imaginária onde o Estado era tão fraco que seria incapaz de enfrentar organizações criminosas ou terroristas transnacionais. No entanto, como este estudo vai apresentar, não só o Estado está longe de estar fraco, de facto, tem vindo a utilizar essas organizações para expandir seu poder, manter sua soberania e conduzir operações clandestinas contra nações rivais. Para tanto foi usada extensa bibliografia baseada em documentos e livros, documentos vazados, entrevistas com pessoas relacionadas ao tema ao redor do mundo além de observação pessoal de campo. Demonstrando que o uso de atores irregulares, especialmente o Crime Organizado, é apenas mais um passo na evolução da guerra e uma importante ferramenta de procuração na geopolítica internacional.The increasing process flow of goods and people started in the 1980s and expanded over the years of 1990 generated the utopic idea that the Nation-State borders and national sovereignty issues would eventually disappear. This context and the growing events surrounding non-state actors in the international scenario created an imaginary view where the State was so weak that would be incapable to face transnational criminal or terrorist organizations. However, as this study will present, not only the State is far from being a weak in fact it has been using such organizations to expand its power, maintain its sovereignty and conduct clandestine operation against rival nations, for that it was covered an extensive bibliography based on papers and books, leaked documents, interviews with people related to the area across the world and field observation. It demonstrated that the use of irregular actors, especially Organized Crime, is just another step in the evolution of warfare and an important proxy tool in international geopolitics.
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Silva, Raquel Akemi Okuno Kitazume da. "Empacotamento de itens irregulares considerando balanceamento da carga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-05102017-170921/.
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O problema de empacotamento de itens irregulares com balanceamento da carga é encontrado no carregamento de aviões, caminhões e navios. O objetivo é empacotar itens irregulares utilizando o menor número de recipientes possível de forma que os recipientes estejam balanceados, que os itens não se sobreponham e estejam inteiramente contidos no recipiente. Neste trabalho, propomos três heurísticas bases com três variações cada para o problema com recipientes retangulares e irregulares. As heurísticas utilizam abordagens diferentes para representar os itens e para fazer o balanceamento. Uma das heurísticas utiliza malha para representação dos itens e faz o balanceamento dividindo o recipiente em quadrantes e revezando a alocação dos itens entre eles de forma que o balanceamento é feito de forma indireta. Tal heurística resolve o problema tanto para recipientes retangulares quanto irregulares. A segunda heurística utiliza a representação dos itens por polígonos e impossibilita a sobreposição de itens utilizando a técnica do nofit polygon. A heurística constrói a solução item por item, sem posições fixas e a cada item alocado, os itens são deslocados em direção ao centro de gravidade desejado do recipiente. Esta heurística resolve apenas problemas com recipientes retangulares. A última heurística é uma adaptação da heurística anterior para a resolução do problema com recipientes irregulares, de forma que o problema é resolvido em duas fases. Cada heurística base possui três variações cada, totalizando nove heurísticas. As heurísticas foram comparadas com outro trabalho da literatura e conseguiram melhorar os resultados para nove das dezenove instâncias testadas.The irregular bin packing problem with load balancing is found in the loading of airplanes, trucks and ships. The aim is to use as few bins as possible to pack all the items so that all bins are balanced, items do not overlap and are fully contained in the bin. In this work, we propose three base heuristics with three variations each for the problem with rectangular and irregular bin. The three heuristics use different approaches to represent the items and to balance the bin. One of the heuristics uses a grid to represent the items and does the balancing by dividing the container into quadrants and alternating the allocation of items between them so that the balancing is done indirectly. Such heuristic solves the problem for both rectangular and irregular bins. The second heuristic uses the representation of items by polygons and uses the nofit polygon technique. The heuristic constructs the solution item by item, with no fixed positions and with each item allocated, the items are shifted towards the desired center of gravity of the bin. This heuristic only solves problems with rectangular bins. The last heuristic is an adaptation of the previous one to solve the problem with irregular bins, so that the problem is solved in two phases. Each base heuristic has three variations, totaling nine heuristics. The heuristics were compared with other work in the literature and managed to improve the results for nine of the nineteen instances tested.
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Fonseca, Jemima Gonçalves Pinto da. "Análise introdutória do processo de ocupação urbana em Manaus e suas consequências socioambientais: o estudo de caso das comunidades São Pedro, travessa Arthur Bernardes e Bariri." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2008. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2550.
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Na cidade de Manaus, a problemática da falta de moradia adequada e suas consequências socioambientais agravaram-se principalmente em dois períodos históricos de desenvolvimento econômico: no final do século XIX, com a comercialização da borracha e em meados do século XX com a instituição da Zona Franca de Manaus e posterior instalação das indústrias do PIM. Em decorrência das ações antrópicas nos leitos dos rios, a qualidade de vida das populações residentes no entorno está seriamente comprometida. O presente trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa do processo de urbanização de três comunidades com características de ocupações irregulares localizadas em bairros consolidados, desde os primórdios de sua colonização até os dias atuais, e os impactos socioambientais decorrentes dessas ações antrópicas, a fim de estabelecer padrões de loteamentos irregulares no município. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos históricos referentes ao início das ocupações, pesquisas em trabalhos anteriores que avaliaram as propriedades físico-químicas nos igarapés que entrecortam as localidades, além da obtenção de registros fotográficos atualizados e submissão de questionários avaliativos em todas as localidades em estudo. Com relação à localização, cada comunidade apresenta sua especificidade geográfica, mas com características semelhantes: iniciaram o processo de ocupação de forma desordenada, com perda da diversidade florística e faunística local e consequente contaminação dos recursos hídricos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram também demonstrar a existência de variáveis similares, tais como gênero, idade, renda, tempo de ocupação, grau de instrução, formas de habitação, além dos indicadores ambientais: ausência de sistema de saneamento básico e irregularidades no abastecimento de água que determinam um padrão no processo de ocupação na cidade de Manaus e apontam fatores, sociais, políticos, culturais e econômicos como contribuintes para o desenvolvimento urbano ineficiente.
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Pereira, Robson Edvaldo da Silva. "Álgebra linear: secções cônicas e aplicações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55136/tde-25092017-161410/.
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Neste trabalho desenvolvemos o estudo da álgebra linear, secções cônicas e aplicações. Apresentamos os conceitos mais importantes da álgebra linear, estudando os espaços vetorias, subespaços vetoriais, matriz de mudança de base, transformações lineares e produto interno. O principal resultado do trabalho é o teorema espectral que fornece ferramentas para se estudar as secções cônicas não elementares, ou seja, aquelas nas quais uma parábola, elipse ou hipérbole são apresentadas com seus eixos não paralelos aos eixos coordenados do plano cartesiano. Uma vez de posse deste teorema é mostrado um processo prático no qual transformamos uma equação ax2 +bxy +cy2 +dx +ey + g = 0 na equação k1 (x\')2 + k2 (y\')2 + (dx1 + ey1) x\' + (dx2 + ey2) y\' + g = 0 sem o termo misto xy, onde após a eliminação deste, podemos deduzir a equação da cônica identificando assim esta curva. Apresentamos exemplos de cônicas com eixos paralelos e não paralelos aos coordenados do plano cartesiano e utilizamos o software geogebra para visualização. Também discutimos algumas aplicações das cônicas como trajetória de corpos celestes (planeta Terra e um cometa), princípio de reflexão da parábola mostrando o porquê das antenas e dos captadores de ondas sonoras serem parabólicos. Demonstramos um teorema que denominei de identificador de uma curva cônica pois com ele é possível classificar a cônica sem realizar o processo prático, apenas para isso identificamos através da equação ax2 +bxy + cy2 +dx + ey +g = 0, quais os valores de a;b e c e feito isto calculamos o discriminante b2 - 4ac, analisamos os sinais e a nulidade, ou seja, se é maior que zero, menor que zero ou igual a zero, assim é possível classificar a cônica.The paper develops the study of linear algebra, conic sections and applications. I present the most important concepts of linear algebra, studying vector spaces, vector subspaces, base change matrix, linear transformations, internal product. The main result of the work is the spectral theorem, which provides tools to study the non-elementary conic sections, that is, those in which a parabola, ellipse or hyperbola are presented with their axes not parallel to the cartesian planes coordinate axes. Using this theorem we show a practical process in which we transform an equation ax2 +bxy + cy2 +dx +ey +g = 0 into the equation k1 (x\')2 +k2 (y\')2 + (dx1 +ey1) x\' (dx2 + ey2) y\' +g = 0 without the mixed term xy, where after its elimination we can deduce the conic equation thus identifying the curve we are looking for. I present examples of conic with parallel and non-parallel axes to the coordinates of the Cartesian plane and use the geogebra software for visualization. I discuss some applications of the conic as a trajectory of celestial bodies (planet Earth and a comet), principle of reflection of parabola showing why the antennas and sound wave pickups are parabolics. I demonstrate a theorem that I named the identifier of a conic curve, with it it is possible to classify the conic without realizing the practical process only for this. I identify through the equation ax2 +bxy + cy2 +dx + ey + g = 0, what are the values of a;b, and c and, with this done, I compute the discriminant b2 - 4ac and analyze the signs and the nullity, that is, if it is greater than zero, less than zero or equal to zero, therefore is possible to classify the conic.
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Swearingen, Andrew. "Romance imperatives : syncretism, irregularity, autonomy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543593.
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White, Scott C. "Reorganizing for Irregular Warfare." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4353.
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Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedA thorough understanding of Irregular Warfare (IW) and the principles of organizational theory and design will enable the Department of Defense (DoD) to organize efficiently and effectively for operations within the Irregular Warfare Environment, while maintaining its conventional capabilities. We develop our argument for this thesis in several stages. First, we define irregular warfare and differentiate it from conventional warfare through the development of our critical success factors. We introduce organizational theory and design in order to incorporate the critical success factors. We conclude that the DoD should reorganize certain elements of the U.S. Special Operations Command by incorporating existing capabilities, focusing on conducting operations within the Irregular Warfare Environment, and implementing our critical success factors.
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Ford, Alexander S. "Dehumanization and irregular warfare." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34664.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIn the current global environment the practice of dehumanizationthe stripping away of common attributes among people that call for respect and constrain violenceand the misperception it creates have resulted in misguided attempts by militaries to influence the center of gravity in irregular warfare, the civilian population. Traditional thought in this matter implies that cultural training is the most important factor in creating more effective influence when dealing in irregular warfare scenarios. By examining dehumanization and the factors that cause it in irregular warfare environments, this thesis will provide a framework for how dehumanization impacts influence operations. My analysis seeks to explain how dehumanization occurs and how it can be prevented, thereby setting necessary conditions for effective population influence.
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Painter, David J. Weaver Mark C. White Scott C. "Reorganizing for Irregular Warfare." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FPainter_Weaver_White.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor: Rothstein, Hy. Second Reader: Jansen, Erik. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Irregular Warfare, Population-centric Warfare, organizational theory and design, U.S. Special Operations Command. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76). Also available in print.
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Maunder, Robert G. "Irregular variable length coding." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/264980/.
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In this thesis, we introduce Irregular Variable Length Coding (IrVLC) and investigate its applications, characteristics and performance in the context of digital multimedia broadcast telecommunications. During IrVLC encoding, the multimedia signal is represented using a sequence of concatenated binary codewords. These are selected from a codebook, comprising a number of codewords, which, in turn, comprise various numbers of bits. However, during IrVLC encoding, the multimedia signal is decomposed into particular fractions, each of which is represented using a different codebook. This is in contrast to regular Variable Length Coding (VLC), in which the entire multimedia signal is encoded using the same codebook. The application of IrVLCs to joint source and channel coding is investigated in the context of a video transmission scheme. Our novel video codec represents the video signal using tessellations of Variable-Dimension Vector Quantisation (VDVQ) tiles. These are selected from a codebook, comprising a number of tiles having various dimensions. The selected tessellation of VDVQ tiles is signalled using a corresponding sequence of concatenated codewords from a Variable Length Error Correction (VLEC) codebook. This VLEC codebook represents a specific joint source and channel coding case of VLCs, which facilitates both compression and error correction. However, during video encoding, only particular combinations of the VDVQ tiles will perfectly tessellate, owing to their various dimensions. As a result, only particular sub-sets of the VDVQ codebook and, hence, of the VLEC codebook may be employed to convey particular fractions of the video signal. Therefore, our novel video codec can be said to employ IrVLCs. The employment of IrVLCs to facilitate Unequal Error Protection (UEP) is also demonstrated. This may be applied when various fractions of the source signal have different error sensitivities, as is typical in audio, speech, image and video signals, for example. Here, different VLEC codebooks having appropriately selected error correction capabilities may be employed to encode the particular fractions of the source signal. This approach may be expected to yield a higher reconstruction quality than equal protection in cases where the various fractions of the source signal have different error sensitivities. Finally, this thesis investigates the application of IrVLCs to near-capacity operation using EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. Here, a number of component VLEC codebooks having different inverted EXIT functions are employed to encode particular fractions of the source symbol frame. We show that the composite inverted IrVLC EXIT function may be obtained as a weighted average of the inverted component VLC EXIT functions. Additionally, EXIT chart matching is employed to shape the inverted IrVLC EXIT function to match the EXIT function of a serially concatenated inner channel code, creating a narrow but still open EXIT chart tunnel. In this way, iterative decoding convergence to an infinitesimally low probability of error is facilitated at near-capacity channel SNRs.