Academic literature on the topic 'Irreversible Decision'

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Journal articles on the topic "Irreversible Decision"

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CARTEA, ÁLVARO, and SEBASTIAN JAIMUNGAL. "IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENTS AND AMBIGUITY AVERSION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 20, no. 07 (2017): 1750044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024917500443.

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Real option valuation has traditionally been concerned with investment under project value uncertainty while assuming that the agent has perfect confidence in a specific model. However, agents do not generally have perfect confidence in their model and this ambiguity may affect their decisions. In addition, the value of real investments is not typically fully spanned by tradable assets because markets are incomplete as is typically the case in energy and commodities. In this paper, we account for the agent’s aversion to model ambiguity and address market incompleteness through the notion of ro
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Omosigho, Sunday Ewansiha, Esosa Enoyoze, and Virtue U. Ekhosuehi. "Impact of Plant Utilization on Irreversible Investment Under Uncertainty with Application to Refinery Investment." Croatian Operational Research Review 12, no. 1 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2021.0005.

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Why are some regions preferred when investors consider irreversible investment? This study offers an explanation to this question and suggests improvements that will assist disadvantaged regions improve on their bid for funds. The paper considers irreversible investment under uncertainty when installed capacity utilization is incorporated. We develop a normative model for irreversible investment problem under uncertainty using real options approach. Capacity utilization was not a major consideration by previous authors who assumed that installed capacity would be fully utilized. Variations in
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Rennekamp, Kristina, Kathy K. Rupar, and Nicholas Seybert. "Impaired Judgment: The Effects of Asset Impairment Reversibility and Cognitive Dissonance on Future Investment." Accounting Review 90, no. 2 (2014): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50879.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines how the reversibility of the accounting effect of asset impairments affects managers' investment decisions. We conduct two experiments in which participants act as CEO of a multi-division electronics company that suffers a large asset impairment at one of the divisions. Drawing on prior psychology research involving cognitive dissonance and decision reversibility, we predict and find that managers who are responsible for the decision to record the asset impairment invest more in the impaired division when the accounting effect of the impairment is reversible than w
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Verdugo, Anael, P. K. Vinod, John J. Tyson, and Bela Novak. "Molecular mechanisms creating bistable switches at cell cycle transitions." Open Biology 3, no. 3 (2013): 120179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120179.

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Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by specific transitions, where cells move irreversibly from stage i −1 of the cycle into stage i . These irreversible cell cycle transitions are regulated by underlying bistable switches, which share some common features. An inhibitory protein stalls progression, and an activatory protein promotes progression. The inhibitor and activator are locked in a double-negative feedback loop, creating a one-way toggle switch that guarantees an irreversible commitment to move forward through the cell cycle, and it opposes regression from sta
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Berardi, Marília Cristina, Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues, and Helena Borges Martins da Silva Paro. "Contraceptive counseling lectures do not influence decision making in family planning services." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 25, no. 6 (2020): 2369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.26472018.

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Abstract Family planning services should provide women and men with information on contraceptive methods. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary contraceptive counseling lectures related to the efficacy and individual choices of contraceptive methods. Sociodemographic variables, preferred methods and opinion about the efficacy of contraceptive methods of 101 participants were analyzed. After the lecture, a lower percentage of men declared that they did not know which contraceptive method was more efficacious (24.3% versus 0.0%; p=0.006). Also, a lower percentage of women
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Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Megan Lander, Brendan Smith, et al. "Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: Decision-Making Utilizing Direct And Indirect Surrogate Markers." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 34, no. 6 (2018): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618788022.

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Substantial progress has been made to create innovative technology that can monitor the different physiological characteristics that precede the onset of secondary brain injury, with the ultimate goal of intervening prior to the onset of irreversible neurological damage. One of the goals of neurocritical care is to recognize and preemptively manage secondary neurological injury by analyzing physiologic markers of ischemia and brain injury prior to the development of irreversible damage. This is helpful in a multitude of neurological conditions, whereby secondary neurological injury could prese
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Chuah, Lay Lian, Wai Ching Poon, and Balachandher Krishnan Guru. "Uncertainty and Private Investment Decision in Malaysia." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 9 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n9p71.

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This study examines the effects of uncertainty on irreversible aggregate investment using data from 1971-2010. Results provide evidence to support the argument that macroeconomic uncertainties are important in the forward-looking investment decision-making process. This study concludes that the demand and lagged demand uncertainties have a relatively stronger effect on investments compared with other macro uncertainties. The structure of the economy, the depth of the financial system, and the promotion of trade openness reduce the negative impact of uncertainties on investment. The study also
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Moffitt, L. Joe, and Craig D. Osteen. "Prioritizing Invasive Species Threats Under Uncertainty." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 35, no. 1 (2006): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500010042.

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Prioritizing exotic or invasive pest threats in terms of agricultural, environmental, or human health damages is an important resource allocation issue for programs charged with preventing or responding to the entry of such organisms. Under extreme uncertainty, program managers may decide to research the severity of threats, develop prevention or control actions, and estimate cost-effectiveness in order to provide better information and more options when making decisions to choose strategies for specific pests. We examine decision rules based on the minimax and relative cost criteria in order
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Brand, Daniel, Shomik Raj Mehndiratta, and Thomas E. Parody. "Options Approach to Risk Analysis in Transportation Planning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1706, no. 1 (2000): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1706-07.

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The applicability of the real-options approach to risk management to the metropolitan transportation planning process is described. The options approach to risk analysis brings to investment decisions the insight that there is an inherent value in option-creating actions (by resolving uncertainty, enabling flexibility, or uncovering new and relevant information) and a cost associated with exercising options (irreversible commitments of resources and time). The options approach moves investment decision making from simply choosing whether to build a project to a regime that considers a range of
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Ricci, Paolo F., Louis A. Cox, and Thomas R. MacDonald. "Precautionary principles: a jurisdiction-free framework for decision-making under risk." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 12 (2004): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht482oa.

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Fundamental principles of precaution are legal maxims that ask for preventive actions, perhaps as contingent interim measures while relevant information about causality and harm remains unavailable, to minimize the societal impact of potentially severe or irreversible outcomes. Such principles do not explain how to make choices or how to identify what is protective when incomplete and inconsistent scientific evidence of causation characterizes the potential hazards. Rather, they entrust lower jurisdictions, such as agencies or authorities, to make current decisions while recognizing that futur
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irreversible Decision"

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Viefers, Paul. "Essays in dynamic behavior." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17080.

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Diese Dissertation behandelt sowohl die Theorie, als auch beobachtetes Verhalten in Stoppproblemen. In einem Stoppproblem, beobachtet ein Agent die Entwicklung eines stationären, stochastischen Prozesses über die Zeit. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt genießt der Agent das Recht den Prozess zu stoppen, um eine Auszahlung einzustreichen die Funktion des gegenwärtigen und der vergangenen Realisationen des Prozesses sind. Das Ziel des Agenten ist es den Stoppzeitpunkt so zu wählen, dass die erwartete Auszahlung oder der erwartete Verlust durch Stoppen maximiert bzw. minimiert wird. Stoppprobleme dieser Art k
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Niemann, Rainer, and Caren Sureth-Sloane. "Does Capital Tax Uncertainty Delay Irreversible Risky Investment?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5154/1/SSRN%2Did2826022.pdf.

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Tax uncertainty is often claimed to be harmful for investments. Capital taxes, such as property and wealth taxes, are particularly exposed to tax uncertainty. Capital tax un- certainty emerges from expected tax reforms, the unclear outcome of future tax audits, and simplified estimates of capital tax bases in investment models. Uncertain returns on investment as well as stochastic taxation contribute to overall uncertainty and may significantly affect investment decisions. Hitherto, it is unknown how capital tax uncertainty affects investment timing. However, it is well known that both un
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Jones, Nicholaos John. "Ineliminable idealizations, phase transitions, and irreversibility." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1163026373.

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Books on the topic "Irreversible Decision"

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1951-, Levendorskiĭ Serge, ed. Irreversible decisions under uncertainty: Optimal stopping made easy. Springer, 2007.

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Holzhey, Christoph F. E., ed. Multistable Figures. Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08.

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Multistable figures offer an intriguing model for arbitrating conflicting positions. Moving back and forth between the different aspects under which something can be seen, one recognizes that mutually contradictory descriptions can be equally valid and that disputes over the correct account can be resolved without dissolving differences or establishing a higher synthesis. Yet, the experience of a gestalt switch also offers a model for radical conversions and revolutions – that is, for irreversible leaps to incommensurable alternatives foiling ideals of rational choice while providing the possi
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Martos, Ana. Adelgazar para siempre: Cómo tomar la decisión libre, irreversible y voluntaria de adelgazar para no engordar nunca más. Neo Person, 2003.

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Baldini, Michela, and Teresa Spignoli, eds. L'Approdo. Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-617-4.

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In December 1945 the "L'Approdo" transmissions were launched at the RAI headquarters in Florence. The radio programme, one of the most important in Italy at the time, went on the air up to 1977, being accompanied from 1952 by a magazine and from 1963 to 1972 by a television programme. The three parallel cultural "enterprises" boasted an impressive number of important collaborators, gravitating around the decisive figure of Carlo Betocchi as leader and organiser. Nevertheless, despite its significance, even the adventure of "L'Approdo" was destined to die. When the transmissions and the publica
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Boyarchenko, Svetlana, and Sergei Levendorskii. Irreversible Decisions under Uncertainty: Optimal Stopping Made Easy. Springer, 2010.

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Irreversible Decisions under Uncertainty. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73746-9.

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William A, Schabas. Part 10 Enforcement: Exécution, Art.110 Review by the Court concerning reduction of sentence/Examen par la Cour de la question d’une réduction de peine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0115.

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This chapter comments on Article of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 110 deals with the modification of a sentence. Although a custodial sentence is served in a prison of a State of enforcement, where the convicted prisoner is subject to the rules and regulations applicable in the domestic system, early release is governed by the Rome Statute, not national legislation. The decision to modify the sentence pursuant to article 110 of the Rome Statute is irreversible, and not conditional, as in most domestic parole schemes. A sentence pronounced by the Court may subseq
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Shaw, Tiffany, and Eric Prommer. Reversibility of Delirium in Palliative Care (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0010.

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Delirium is a frequent event in patients with advanced cancer. Untreated delirium affects assessment of symptoms, impairs communication including participation in clinical decision-making. This study used specific diagnostic criteria for delirium and prospectively identified precipitating causes of delirium. The study identified factors associated with reversible and irreversible delirium. Impact of delirium on prognosis was evaluated. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded
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Tiwari, Sandip. Information mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0001.

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Information is physical, so its manipulation through devices is subject to its own mechanics: the science and engineering of behavioral description, which is intermingled with classical, quantum and statistical mechanics principles. This chapter is a unification of these principles and physical laws with their implications for nanoscale. Ideas of state machines, Church-Turing thesis and its embodiment in various state machines, probabilities, Bayesian principles and entropy in its various forms (Shannon, Boltzmann, von Neumann, algorithmic) with an eye on the principle of maximum entropy as an
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Hodin, Jason, Matthew C. Ferner, Andreas Heyland, and Brian Gaylord, eds. I Feel That! Fluid Dynamics and Sensory Aspects of Larval Settlement across Scales. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0013.

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A commonality among oceanic life cycles is a process known as settlement, where dispersing propagules transition to the sea floor. For many marine invertebrates, this transition is irreversible, and therefore involves a crucial decision-making process through which larvae evaluate their juvenile habitat-to-be. In this chapter, we consider aspects of the external environment that could influence successful settlement. Specifically, we discuss water flow across scales, and how larvae can engage behaviors to influence where ocean currents take them, and enhance the likelihood of their being carri
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Book chapters on the topic "Irreversible Decision"

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Bourion, Christian. "Irreversible Situations." In Emotional Logic and Decision Making. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508453_6.

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Rothenberg, Jerome. "‘Irreversible Risk’ As Intertemporal Opportunities." In Progress in Decision, Utility and Risk Theory. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3146-9_22.

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Krishnan, J., and C. Liu. "An Investigation of Signal Transduction and Irreversible Decision Making Through Monostable and Bistable Switches." In A Systems Theoretic Approach to Systems and Synthetic Biology II: Analysis and Design of Cellular Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9047-5_9.

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Holzhey, Christoph F. E. "Blurb." In Cultural Inquiry. Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08_001.

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Multistable figures offer an intriguing model for arbitrating conflicting positions. Moving back and forth between the different aspects under which something can be seen, one recognizes that mutually contradictory descriptions can be equally valid and that disputes over the correct account can be resolved without dissolving differences or establishing a higher synthesis. Yet, the experience of a gestalt switch also offers a model for radical conversions and revolutions – that is, for irreversible leaps to incommensurable alternatives foiling ideals of rational choice while providing the possibility and necessity of decision. Accentuating the temporal dimensions of multistable figures, this multidisciplinary volume illuminates the critical potentials and limits of multistability as a complex figure of thought.
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Holzhey, Christoph F. E. "Introduction." In Cultural Inquiry. Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08_01.

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Multistable figures offer an intriguing model for arbitrating conflicting positions. Moving back and forth between the different aspects under which something can be seen, one recognizes that mutually contradictory descriptions can be equally valid and that disputes over the correct account can be resolved without dissolving differences or establishing a higher synthesis. Yet, the experience of a gestalt switch also offers a model for radical conversions and revolutions – that is, for irreversible leaps to incommensurable alternatives foiling ideals of rational choice while providing the possibility and necessity of decision. Accentuating the temporal dimensions of multistable figures, this multidisciplinary volume illuminates the critical potentials and limits of multistability as a complex figure of thought.
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Jobin, Guy. "Charting Spiritual Care: Ethical Perspectives." In Charting Spiritual Care. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47070-8_12.

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Abstract The introduction of electronic health records (EHRs) into clinical practice appears to be irreversible. Where EHRs are used, chaplains have cooperated willingly with this way of reporting and sharing information with other members of the care team. They will have to, as a result, adapt their own note-taking practices to ensure effective, relevant and meaningful communication as part of the joint decision-making process. Although the specialized literature has addressed some of the “classic” ethical issues raised by EHRs, in particular those in connection with confidentiality and access, other questions, no less crucial, have received less attention and are addressed here. They include questions about the recognition of all players in the care relationship (both patients and caregivers) as subjects, and the communication of “non-generic” information about emotions, values, life history, etc. The fact that chaplains contribute to EHRs is both a sign of and a vector for recognition of their work within healthcare institutions – yet a recognition that could involve a price to pay for chaplains and patients.
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Wodopia, Franz-Josef. "Flow and Fund Approaches to Irreversible Investment Decisions." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51701-3_13.

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Scatena, F. N. "The Management of Luquillo Elfin Cloud Forest Ecosystems: Irreversible Decisions in a Nonsubstitutable Ecosystem." In Ecological Studies. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3_21.

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Pratt, Stephen, and Wantanee Suntikul. "Planning for sustainable tourism development in Bhutan." In Tourism planning and development in South Asia. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246698.0005.

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Abstract This chapter investigates the ways in which tourism planning and policies in Bhutan promote, reinforce and constrain sustainability. The scope of this work covers food and beverage purchasing decisions, human resources, transportation and souvenir sales in the tourism and hospitality industry in Bhutan. To achieve these research objectives, 19 in-depth interviews were conducted with hotel general managers in the main tourism areas of Thimphu and Paro. The findings reveal that, while the controlled nature of tourism in Bhutan certainly protects its residents from the negative excesses of global tourism, numerous policies also impede tourism and hospitality from spreading their benefits more widely. Policy makers in Bhutan would rather adhere to the precautionary principle than allow detrimental practices or risk irreversible impact on Bhutanese culture.
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Aroul, Ramya Rajajagadeesan. "Optimizing Investment Decisions Using DCF, Decision Tree Analysis, and Real Options Analysis." In Handbook of Research on Holistic Optimization Techniques in the Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1054-3.ch004.

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Large scale infrastructure expansions in hotels are exposed to uncertainty. Since the costs involved in these expansion projects are high and often irreversible, hotels would benefit from analyses that incorporate uncertainty along with traditional valuation techniques like the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Decision tree analysis (DTA) and real options analysis (ROA) have been in use for the past couple of decades to handle uncertainties and optimize investment decisions. DTA provides a distinct approach to strategic investments that quantitatively takes into account the uncertainties involved in the investments. Under uncertainty, the decision about whether to expand is analogous to the decision about whether to exercise an American call option. By using ROA to the hotel expansion scenario, managers can incorporate and quantify, flexibility and timing in their analysis. The objective of this chapter is to detail the DCF, DTA and ROA methodologies and their applications specific to hotel expansion investments.
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Conference papers on the topic "Irreversible Decision"

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Zhang, Jianxun, Han Shang, and Yu Dai. "Design of tumor therapy system based on irreversible electroporation." In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7978546.

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Rizzello, Gianluca, David Naso, and Stefan Seelecke. "Hysteresis modeling in thermal shape memory alloy wire actuators: an irreversible port-Hamiltonian approach." In 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030010.

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Meslem, Nacim, and Vincent Fromion. "Lyapunov function for irreversible linear metabolic pathways with allosteric and genetic regulation." In 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160805.

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Favache, Audrey, Denis Dochain, and Bernhard Maschke. "A geometric perspective to open irreversible thermodynamic systems: GENERIC, Matrix and port-contact systems." In 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2009.5399977.

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Molony, David, Michael Walsh, and Tim McGloughlin. "Analysis of Post-Operative Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Multi Patient-Specific Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206273.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an irreversible dilation of the infrarenal aorta, which if left untreated may rupture. Surgical intervention is usually necessary to prevent this outcome. The decision to operate is based on the maximum diameter of the aneurysm. Two types of treatment exist; these are open repair and endovascular repair (EVAR). Of concern here is EVAR, which is the minimally invasive technique of inserting a stent-graft into the site of the aneurysm in order to shield the aneurysm wall from the stresses of blood pressure.
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Doyle, Barry J., Anthony Callanan, Michael T. Walsh, David A. Vorp, and Timothy M. McGloughlin. "Assessment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk: Asymmetry as an Additional Diagnostic Tool?" In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-191585.

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An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be defined as a permanent and irreversible localised dilation of the infrarenal aorta. This localised dilation is a result of a degradation of the elastic media of the arterial wall. This degradation of the aortic wall can be attributed to risk factors such as tobacco smoking, sex, age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperlipidaemia, and family history of the disorder [1]. With the recent advancements in medicine, more AAAs are being detected than ever. Approximately 500,000 new cases are diagnosed each year worldwide resulting in 15
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Hasanova, Aytakin. "PREDICTIVE GENETIC SCREENING." In The First International Scientific-Practical Conference- “Modern Tendencies of Dialogue in Multidenominational Society: philosophical, religious, legal view”. IRETC MTÜ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mtdms202029.

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Human, as a species, is very variable, and his variability is at the basis of his social organization. This variability is maintained, in part, by the chance effects of gene assortment and the variation in these genes is the result of mutations in the past. If our remote ancestors had not mutated we would not he here; further, since no species is likely to he able to reduce its mutation rate substantially by the sort of selection to which it is exposed, we may regard mutations of recent origin as part of the price of having evolved. We are here: all of us have some imperfections we would wish
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Alcaraz Padilla, Juan Christopher. "La socialización vecinal, un requerimiento de integración entre los macroproyectos con los barrios tradicionales y parques históricos. Caso de estudio: El Parque Morelos y el barrio El Retiro." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9970.

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Las ciudades están en la constante búsqueda de adaptarse a las cambiantes necesidades. La expansión territorial de la urbe requiere de más espacios públicos y áreas verdes. Los lugares ya consolidados, como los circundantes al primer cuadro o centro histórico, se encuentran amenazados por proyectos que pretenden poner a la ciudad al nivel de las principales metrópolis. Los barrios tradicionales junto a sus espacios públicos, como parques y jardines, suelen ser parte primordial en los nuevos proyectos. Pero, en ocasiones su enfoque no beneficia al lugar sino lo transforma y perjudica su esencia
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Alcaraz Padilla, Juan Christopher. "La socialización vecinal, un requerimiento de integración entre los macroproyectos con los barrios tradicionales y parques históricos. Caso de estudio: El Parque Morelos y el barrio El Retiro." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2020.9970.

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Las ciudades están en la constante búsqueda de adaptarse a las cambiantes necesidades. La expansión territorial de la urbe requiere de más espacios públicos y áreas verdes. Los lugares ya consolidados, como los circundantes al primer cuadro o centro histórico, se encuentran amenazados por proyectos que pretenden poner a la ciudad al nivel de las principales metrópolis. Los barrios tradicionales junto a sus espacios públicos, como parques y jardines, suelen ser parte primordial en los nuevos proyectos. Pero, en ocasiones su enfoque no beneficia al lugar sino lo transforma y perjudica su esencia
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