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Journal articles on the topic 'Irreversible Decision'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

CARTEA, ÁLVARO, and SEBASTIAN JAIMUNGAL. "IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENTS AND AMBIGUITY AVERSION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 20, no. 07 (2017): 1750044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024917500443.

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Real option valuation has traditionally been concerned with investment under project value uncertainty while assuming that the agent has perfect confidence in a specific model. However, agents do not generally have perfect confidence in their model and this ambiguity may affect their decisions. In addition, the value of real investments is not typically fully spanned by tradable assets because markets are incomplete as is typically the case in energy and commodities. In this paper, we account for the agent’s aversion to model ambiguity and address market incompleteness through the notion of ro

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Omosigho, Sunday Ewansiha, Esosa Enoyoze, and Virtue U. Ekhosuehi. "Impact of Plant Utilization on Irreversible Investment Under Uncertainty with Application to Refinery Investment." Croatian Operational Research Review 12, no. 1 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2021.0005.

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Why are some regions preferred when investors consider irreversible investment? This study offers an explanation to this question and suggests improvements that will assist disadvantaged regions improve on their bid for funds. The paper considers irreversible investment under uncertainty when installed capacity utilization is incorporated. We develop a normative model for irreversible investment problem under uncertainty using real options approach. Capacity utilization was not a major consideration by previous authors who assumed that installed capacity would be fully utilized. Variations in

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Rennekamp, Kristina, Kathy K. Rupar, and Nicholas Seybert. "Impaired Judgment: The Effects of Asset Impairment Reversibility and Cognitive Dissonance on Future Investment." Accounting Review 90, no. 2 (2014): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50879.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines how the reversibility of the accounting effect of asset impairments affects managers' investment decisions. We conduct two experiments in which participants act as CEO of a multi-division electronics company that suffers a large asset impairment at one of the divisions. Drawing on prior psychology research involving cognitive dissonance and decision reversibility, we predict and find that managers who are responsible for the decision to record the asset impairment invest more in the impaired division when the accounting effect of the impairment is reversible than w

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Verdugo, Anael, P. K. Vinod, John J. Tyson, and Bela Novak. "Molecular mechanisms creating bistable switches at cell cycle transitions." Open Biology 3, no. 3 (2013): 120179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120179.

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Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by specific transitions, where cells move irreversibly from stage i −1 of the cycle into stage i . These irreversible cell cycle transitions are regulated by underlying bistable switches, which share some common features. An inhibitory protein stalls progression, and an activatory protein promotes progression. The inhibitor and activator are locked in a double-negative feedback loop, creating a one-way toggle switch that guarantees an irreversible commitment to move forward through the cell cycle, and it opposes regression from sta

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Berardi, Marília Cristina, Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues, and Helena Borges Martins da Silva Paro. "Contraceptive counseling lectures do not influence decision making in family planning services." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 25, no. 6 (2020): 2369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.26472018.

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Abstract Family planning services should provide women and men with information on contraceptive methods. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary contraceptive counseling lectures related to the efficacy and individual choices of contraceptive methods. Sociodemographic variables, preferred methods and opinion about the efficacy of contraceptive methods of 101 participants were analyzed. After the lecture, a lower percentage of men declared that they did not know which contraceptive method was more efficacious (24.3% versus 0.0%; p=0.006). Also, a lower percentage of women

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Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Megan Lander, Brendan Smith, et al. "Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: Decision-Making Utilizing Direct And Indirect Surrogate Markers." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 34, no. 6 (2018): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618788022.

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Substantial progress has been made to create innovative technology that can monitor the different physiological characteristics that precede the onset of secondary brain injury, with the ultimate goal of intervening prior to the onset of irreversible neurological damage. One of the goals of neurocritical care is to recognize and preemptively manage secondary neurological injury by analyzing physiologic markers of ischemia and brain injury prior to the development of irreversible damage. This is helpful in a multitude of neurological conditions, whereby secondary neurological injury could prese

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Chuah, Lay Lian, Wai Ching Poon, and Balachandher Krishnan Guru. "Uncertainty and Private Investment Decision in Malaysia." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 9 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n9p71.

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This study examines the effects of uncertainty on irreversible aggregate investment using data from 1971-2010. Results provide evidence to support the argument that macroeconomic uncertainties are important in the forward-looking investment decision-making process. This study concludes that the demand and lagged demand uncertainties have a relatively stronger effect on investments compared with other macro uncertainties. The structure of the economy, the depth of the financial system, and the promotion of trade openness reduce the negative impact of uncertainties on investment. The study also

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Moffitt, L. Joe, and Craig D. Osteen. "Prioritizing Invasive Species Threats Under Uncertainty." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 35, no. 1 (2006): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500010042.

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Prioritizing exotic or invasive pest threats in terms of agricultural, environmental, or human health damages is an important resource allocation issue for programs charged with preventing or responding to the entry of such organisms. Under extreme uncertainty, program managers may decide to research the severity of threats, develop prevention or control actions, and estimate cost-effectiveness in order to provide better information and more options when making decisions to choose strategies for specific pests. We examine decision rules based on the minimax and relative cost criteria in order

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Brand, Daniel, Shomik Raj Mehndiratta, and Thomas E. Parody. "Options Approach to Risk Analysis in Transportation Planning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1706, no. 1 (2000): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1706-07.

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The applicability of the real-options approach to risk management to the metropolitan transportation planning process is described. The options approach to risk analysis brings to investment decisions the insight that there is an inherent value in option-creating actions (by resolving uncertainty, enabling flexibility, or uncovering new and relevant information) and a cost associated with exercising options (irreversible commitments of resources and time). The options approach moves investment decision making from simply choosing whether to build a project to a regime that considers a range of

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Ricci, Paolo F., Louis A. Cox, and Thomas R. MacDonald. "Precautionary principles: a jurisdiction-free framework for decision-making under risk." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 12 (2004): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht482oa.

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Fundamental principles of precaution are legal maxims that ask for preventive actions, perhaps as contingent interim measures while relevant information about causality and harm remains unavailable, to minimize the societal impact of potentially severe or irreversible outcomes. Such principles do not explain how to make choices or how to identify what is protective when incomplete and inconsistent scientific evidence of causation characterizes the potential hazards. Rather, they entrust lower jurisdictions, such as agencies or authorities, to make current decisions while recognizing that futur

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11

Regnier, Eva, and Patrick A. Harr. "A Dynamic Decision Model Applied to Hurricane Landfall." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 5 (2006): 764–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf958.1.

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Abstract The decision to prepare for an oncoming hurricane is typically framed as a static cost:loss problem, based on a strike-probability forecast. The value of waiting for updated forecasts is therefore neglected. In this paper, the problem is reframed as a sequence of interrelated decisions that more accurately represents the situation faced by a decision maker monitoring an evolving tropical cyclone. A key feature of the decision model is that the decision maker explicitly anticipates and plans for future forecasts whose accuracy improves as lead time declines. A discrete Markov model of

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Segal, Jeffrey A. "Correction to “Separation-of-Powers Games in the Positive Theory of Congress and Courts”." American Political Science Review 92, no. 4 (1998): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586314.

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In my article, “Separation-of-Power Games in the Positive Theory of Congress and Courts” (Segal 1997) I compared the theoretical and empirical validity of the separation-of-powers model and the judicial attitudinal model as applied to U.S. Supreme Court decision making. I found that the preferences of the justices often fell inside the set of irreversible decisions, and that even when the preferences fell outside the set, the justices, with the exception of Earl Warren, showed little evidence of constraint. I concluded, consistent with the attitudinal model, that the justices overwhelmingly en

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MURTO, PAULI, and JUSSI KEPPO. "A GAME MODEL OF IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY." International Game Theory Review 04, no. 02 (2002): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198902000604.

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Most of the literature on real options considers the optimal decision of a firm in isolation from competitors. In reality, however, the actions of competing firms often affect each other's investment opportunities. We develop a game model where many firms compete for a single investment opportunity. When one of the firms triggers the investment the opportunity is completely lost for the other firms. The value of the project for the firms is assumed to follow a geometric Brownian motion. The model combines game theory and the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty. We characterize

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Grenadier, Steven R., Andrey Malenko, and Nadya Malenko. "Timing Decisions in Organizations: Communication and Authority in a Dynamic Environment." American Economic Review 106, no. 9 (2016): 2552–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150416.

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We consider a problem where an uninformed principal makes a timing decision interacting with an informed but biased agent. Because time is irreversible, the direction of the bias crucially affects the agent's ability to credibly communicate information. When the agent favors late decision making, full information revelation often occurs. In this case, centralized decision making, where the principal retains authority and communicates with the agent, implements the optimal decision-making rule. When the agent favors early decision making, communication is partial, and the optimal decision-makin

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Borstner, Bojan, and Smiljana Gartner. "TEACHING ETHICS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN CONTEMPORARY SCHOOLS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 61, no. 1 (2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/14.61.09.

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Basic ethical questions, dilemmas and especially decisions do not only affect the life of an individual but can also affect lives of others. In some professional ethics, where decisions about a person’s life or death are made, decisions can even be irreversible. In this contribution three ways of deciding by highlighting critical, and reflective decision-making or systematic thought process as the most effective method in ethics have been pointed out. Therefore, taking ethics as a critically reflective morality highlights the fact that we can talk about ethical exploration, so ethics is a proc

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Nedzinskas, Egidijus, Rūta Nedzinskienė, and Renata Šliažienė. "PROFESSIONAL POLICE OFFICERS BEHAVIOUR IN CRITICAL SITUATIONS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 20, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.5005.

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Fast-moving processes in today's society make the importance of prompt, responsible and professional decision-making by police officers. In everyday situations that do not require important and urgent decisions, the police officer can act appropriately and avoid hasty, inadequate decisions. However, the police officer must always be prepared to face an emergency situation, to evaluate it correctly and to use the powers granted to resolve it. The only one wrong decision can have irreversible consequences for the police officer or the public. This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of profe

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Alnajashi, Hind A. "Irreversible Methotrexate Induced Luckencephalopathy Presenting as Recurrent Stroke like Episodes:." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 3, no. 1 (2013): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.2013.3.1.6.

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A case of young female with leukemia on multiple chemotherapeutic agents including intrathecal methotrexate developed an attack of transient neurological deficit that improved spontaneously, followed by a second attack that was irreversible. MRI finding showed multiple area of increased signal intensity compatible with cytotoxic edema. These finding was suggestive of methotrexate induce toxic leukoencephalopathy. A critical decision was needed regarding discontinuing methotrexate from the chemotherapy protocol. The case is followed by a brief review about methotrexate induced leukoencephalopat

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Alnajashi, Hind A. "Irreversible Methotrexate Induced Luckencephalopathy Presenting as Recurrent Stroke like Episodes:." Saudi Journal of Internal Medicine 3, no. 1 (2013): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32790/sjim.3.1.6.

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A case of young female with leukemia on multiple chemotherapeutic agents including intrathecal methotrexate developed an attack of transient neurological deficit that improved spontaneously, followed by a second attack that was irreversible. MRI finding showed multiple area of increased signal intensity compatible with cytotoxic edema. These finding was suggestive of methotrexate induce toxic leukoencephalopathy. A critical decision was needed regarding discontinuing methotrexate from the chemotherapy protocol. The case is followed by a brief review about methotrexate induced leukoencephalopat

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Kahai, P., K. R. Namuduri, and H. Thompson. "A Decision Support Framework for Automated Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijbi/2006/45806.

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The early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are depicted by microaneurysms among other signs. A prompt diagnosis when the disease is at the early stage can help prevent irreversible damages to the diabetic eye. In this paper, we propose a decision support system (DSS) for automated screening of early signs of diabetic retinopathy. Classification schemes for deducing the presence or absence of DR are developed and tested. The detection rule is based on binary-hypothesis testing problem which simplifies the problem to yes/no decisions. An analysis of the performance of the Bayes optimality crit

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20

Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl. "The regeneration decision: a sequential two-option approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (2007): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-232.

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Real option theory has for some decades been used in forest economics to analyse problems that involve irreversible and stochastic decisions. One of these problems is when to harvest a stand and with what species to regenerate. This problem is analysed here, assuming that the value development of both the present and the next stand is stochastic and that the regeneration species must be chosen. The latter decision is assumed asymmetric, as natural regeneration can be exchanged for a planted regeneration but not vice versa. Consequently, the decision can be postponed for some time if natural re

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Peer, Eyal, and Alessandro Acquisti. "The impact of reversibility on the decision to disclose personal information." Journal of Consumer Marketing 33, no. 6 (2016): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2015-1487.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how reversibility in disclosing personal information – that is, having (vs not having) to option to later revise or retract personal information – can impact consumers’ willingness to divulge personal information. Design/methodology/approach Three studies examined how informing consumers they may (reversible condition) or may not (irreversible condition) revise their personal information in the future affected their propensity to disclose personal information, compared to a control condition. Findings Study 1 (which included three experiments with different t

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22

HOSSISO, KASSU WAMISHO, and DAVID RIPPLINGER. "INVESTMENT, IRREVERSIBILITY, AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENERGY BEET–BASED ETHANOL." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 48, no. 4 (2016): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.20.

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Abstract:This study evaluates optimal investment decision rules for an energy beet ethanol firm to exercise the option to invest, mothball, reactivate, and exit the ethanol market, considering uncertainty and volatility in the market price of ethanol, feedstock, and irreversible investment. A real options framework is used to compute gross margins of ethanol that trigger entry into and exit from the ethanol market. Results show that volatility in ethanol gross margins has much greater effects on exit and entry decisions than investment costs, and it also causes firms to wait longer before ente

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Gong, Qirui, Yanlin Ge, Lingen Chen, Shuangshaung Shi, and Huijun Feng. "Performance Analysis and Four-Objective Optimization of an Irreversible Rectangular Cycle." Entropy 23, no. 9 (2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091203.

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Based on the established model of the irreversible rectangular cycle in the previous literature, in this paper, finite time thermodynamics theory is applied to analyze the performance characteristics of an irreversible rectangular cycle by firstly taking power density and effective power as the objective functions. Then, four performance indicators of the cycle, that is, the thermal efficiency, dimensionless power output, dimensionless effective power, and dimensionless power density, are optimized with the cycle expansion ratio as the optimization variable by applying the nondominated sorting

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Grauslytė, Lina, Gonzalo De La Cerda, and Tomas Jovaiša. "ECCO2R as a bridge to a decision in type II respiratory failure." Acta medica Lituanica 26, no. 1 (2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v26i1.3962.

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Introduction. End-of-life decisions are often time consuming and difficult for everyone involved. In some of these cases extracorporeal life support systems could potentially be used not only as a bridge to treatment but as a tool to buy time to allow patient’s participation in decision making and to avoid further futile invasive procedures. Case report. A previously healthy 53-year-old female patient presented with respiratory failure of unknown cause. In the course of treatment her condition was deemed irreversible and the only option for any chance of long-term survival was a lung transplan

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Kalra, Sanjay, and Yashdeep Gupta. "Beta-cell Insufficiency." European Endocrinology 13, no. 02 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2017.13.02.51.

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‘B eta-cell failure’ is a frequently used term to describe the structural and functional inability of the cells to fulfil their metabolic responsibility. This editorial reviews the anatomy and physiology of the beta cell, and describes factors which regulate this. The authors focus on semantics, comparing the phrases ‘beta-cell failure’, ‘functional mass’, and ‘beta-cell insufficiency’. They suggest the use of ‘beta-cell insufficiency’, with descriptors such as ‘partial’ and ‘complete’, or ‘reversible’ and ‘irreversible’, to convey betacell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A three-phase taxonom

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Petrini, Carlo. "Will medically-assisted suicide mean the rebirth of (clinical) ethics committees in Italy?" Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 1_suppl (2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817220923650.

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The Italian Constitutional Court has held that, in certain specific circumstances, prosecution for assisted suicide, regulated by Article 580 of the Criminal Code, is not compatible with the Constitution. The circumstances in question relate to individuals who are being kept alive by life-sustaining treatments, who are fully capable of taking free, informed decisions and are suffering from irreversible conditions that are a source of intolerable physical or mental suffering. The Court has held that the Ethics Committees must assess a request for assisted suicide made by an individual meeting t

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Jain, Vaibhav, Rajiv Rawat, Gulshan Sachdeva, and Vikas Kumar. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Cascade Refrigeration System Using the Concept of Modified and Advanced Exergy, Risk Level and Thermal Inventory." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 04 (2020): 2050036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500364.

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This work conceives the performance of vapor compression cascaded refrigeration system (CRS) from the exergy, safety and thermal inventory points of view employing the theory of effective temperature ([Formula: see text] than environment temperature ([Formula: see text] in Gouy–Stodola equation. Comparative results show that the actual irreversible loss in CRS is 8.1% higher. Further, advanced exergy analysis results showed that 17.985[Formula: see text]kW irreversible loss (out of 33.737[Formula: see text]kW irreversible loss) in the system is evadable with improvement in the system design. B

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DELIMATSIS, PANAGIOTIS. "Transparency in the WTO's Decision-Making." Leiden Journal of International Law 27, no. 3 (2014): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156514000272.

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AbstractIn almost 20 years of existence, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has managed to be at the forefront of public discussions on international organizations (IOs). Transparency in the WTO decision-making has been on the agenda of the multilateral trading system for several years. Pressures from developing countries, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the civil society in particular have led to significant improvements towards more openness and participation in the WTO decision-making. This article posits the WTO within the current debates about more institutional transparency in

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Mahul, O. "Irreversible decision making in contagious animal disease control under uncertainty: an illustration using FMD in Brittany." European Review of Agriculture Economics 26, no. 1 (1999): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/26.1.39.

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Kumar, Rajesh, S. C. Kaushik, Raj Kumar, and Ranjana Hans. "Multi-objective thermodynamic optimization of an irreversible regenerative Brayton cycle using evolutionary algorithm and decision making." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 7, no. 2 (2016): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.06.007.

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Pouresfandyani, Homa, and Sara Najiazarpour. "Providing the Developmental Model of a Comprehensive System of Prioritizing Occupational Risks Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique in the Management of Integrated Health, Safety and Environment (Case Study of Oil Industrial Contractors)." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 6 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n6p149.

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In this study, researchers designed a functional decision supporting model for workplaces for managers and showed its application by implementing it in health, safety and environment fields.  Researchers used Excel software to demonstrate the ease of use of this method. This model is designed to help managers for decision-making to select and allocate resources to optimize risk of irreversible and unacceptable risks. In this regard, detailed quantitative risk assessment methods and techniques AHP expert&rsquo;s extraction, classification and has been structured; to help managin

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Tang, Chenqi, Lingen Chen, Huijun Feng, and Yanlin Ge. "Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle." Entropy 23, no. 3 (2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030282.

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An improved irreversible closed modified simple Brayton cycle model with one isothermal heating process is established in this paper by using finite time thermodynamics. The heat reservoirs are variable-temperature ones. The irreversible losses in the compressor, turbine, and heat exchangers are considered. Firstly, the cycle performance is optimized by taking four performance indicators, including the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless power density, and dimensionless ecological function, as the optimization objectives. The impacts of the irreversible losses on the

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BASILI, MARCELLO. "Quasi-option value and hard uncertainty." Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 4 (1998): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98000217.

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The notion of intertemporal h-option value is introduced to extend to environmental decision-making problems of the concept of quasi-option value, defined by Arrow and Fisher and Henry, whenever an individual faces imprecise information, or hard uncertainty, represented by a non-additive measure over events. Under hard uncertainty and irreversibility, the decision-maker faces the intertemporal h-option value, that is an uncertainty premium of preservation, which represents the gain from being able to learn about the future consequences of irreversible actions. The intertemporal h-option value

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Lee, Zhao Yan. "The South China Sea Arbitration: The Decision and its Implications on the Sovereignty Claims of China and the Philippines." IIUM Law Journal 26, no. 2 (2018): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v26i2.379.

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The South China Sea Arbitration which has taken place recently with its final decision published in July 2016 was an action initiated by the Philippines against the People’s Republic of China in an attempt to oppose the latter’s claims of ‘historical rights’ in various maritime features in the South China Sea. The panel was constituted under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Chinese Government opposed the constitution, admissibility and ruling of the entire arbitration. It has since put forward many counter claims to refute the validity of the decision reach

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Ayata, Cenk. "Monitoring anoxic depolarization at the bedside: A step closer to the 24th century." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 7 (2018): 1123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x18774999.

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Anoxic depolarization starts the clock for irreversible brain injury. Yet, this critical indicator has been highly elusive and notoriously difficult to capture using currently available clinical monitoring tools. Recent data suggest that it may be possible to detect anoxic depolarization at the bedside. Detection of such terminal events has far-reaching implications for diagnosis, prognostication, and neuroprotection, as well as the ethics of end-of-life decision-making in neurocritical care.

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Elsharawy, Mohamed A., Karay Maher, and Aymen S. Elsaid. "Limb salvage in a child with severely injured mangled lower extremity and muscle rigor." Vascular 20, no. 6 (2012): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/vasc.2012.cr0279.

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Most surgeons make their decision to amputate or perform limb salvage of a mangled extremity based on scoring systems and grading of acute ischemic limb. We report on a child in whom limb salvage was achieved in spite of a clinical picture of irreversible ischemia with high mangled severity scores. Attempts to revascularize the mangled extremity of children are recommended, regardless of their severity scores and condition of the foot.

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Latifah, Emmy, and Moch Najib Imanullah. "APPLYING PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT." Jambe Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2018): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/home.v1i1.5.

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The aim of this paper is to examine an applying the precautionary principle in fisheries management. Precautionary principle is a principle where the possibility exist of serious or irreversible harm, lack of scientific certainty should not preclude cautions action by decision-makers to prevent or mitigate such harm. This principle has been accepting in widely international environmental law so that with applying this principle in fisheries management, it could be expected to provide an opportunity to progress towards sustainable fisheries development.

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Latifah, Emmy, and Moch Najib Imanullah. "APPLYING PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT." Jambe Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2018): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jlj.1.1.13-34.

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The aim of this paper is to examine an applying the precautionary principle in fisheries management. Precautionary principle is a principle where the possibility exist of serious or irreversible harm, lack of scientific certainty should not preclude cautions action by decision-makers to prevent or mitigate such harm. This principle has been accepting in widely international environmental law so that with applying this principle in fisheries management, it could be expected to provide an opportunity to progress towards sustainable fisheries development.

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Adamauskas, Saulius, and Rytis Krušinskas. "MOBILE 5G TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION INVESTMENT TIMING DECISION MAKERS CLUSTERING AND WILLINGNESS TO INVEST UNDER VOLATILE DEMAND CHANGES." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 26, 2016): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.853.

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Enterprises need to identify the optimal timing for technological change in order to increase competitiveness and increase the value of the company in an uncertain demanding environment. Investment decisions for adopting new technologies are costly and sometimes risky because technological investments are irreversible. To simulate the process, comprehensive technological adoption regarding investment timing was used in a management decision support model. The constructed model is structured as follows: 1) historical demand paths analysis; 2) application of statistical data validity tests; 3) t

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EVATT, G. W., P. V. JOHNSON, P. W. DUCK, and S. D. HOWELL. "Optimal costless extraction rate changes from a non-renewable resource." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25, no. 6 (2014): 681–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792514000229.

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This paper considers the role of costless decisions relating to the extraction of a non-renewable resource in the presence of uncertainty. We begin by deriving a size scale of the extractable resource, above which the solution to the valuation and optimal control strategy can be described by analytic solutions; we produce solutions for a general form of operating cost function. Below this critical resource size level the valuation and optimal control strategy must be solved by numerical means; we present a robust numerical algorithm that can solve such a class of problem. We also allow for the

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Balu, Radhakrishnan, Dale Shires, and Raju Namburu. "A quantum algorithm for uniform sampling of models of propositional logic based on quantum probability." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, no. 1 (2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512916648232.

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We describe a class of quantum algorithms to generate models of propositional logic with equal probability. We consider quantum stochastic flows that are the quantum analogues of classical Markov chains and establish a relation between fixed points on the two flows. We construct chains inspired by von Neumann algorithms using uniform measures as fixed points to construct the corresponding irreversible quantum stochastic flows. We formulate sampling models of propositions in the framework of adiabatic quantum computing and solve the underlying satisfiability instances. Satisfiability formulatio

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Shi, Shuangshuang, Yanlin Ge, Lingen Chen, and Huijun Feng. "Four-Objective Optimization of Irreversible Atkinson Cycle Based on NSGA-II." Entropy 22, no. 10 (2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101150.

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Variation trends of dimensionless power density (PD) with a compression ratio and thermal efficiency (TE) are discussed according to the irreversible Atkinson cycle (AC) model established in previous literature. Then, for the fixed cycle temperature ratio, the maximum specific volume ratios, the maximum pressure ratios, and the TEs corresponding to the maximum power output (PO) and the maximum PD are compared. Finally, multi-objective optimization (MOO) of cycle performance with dimensionless PO, TE, dimensionless PD, and dimensionless ecological function (EF) as the optimization objectives an

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Wu, Sifeng, Zhongyao Liang, and Yong Liu. "Quantifying the risk of irreversible degradation for ecosystems: A probabilistic method based on Bayesian inference." Ecological Indicators 107 (December 2019): 105621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105621.

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Dudley, Susan E., Daniel R. Pérez, Brian F. Mannix, and Christopher Carrigan. "Dynamic Benefit-Cost Analysis for Uncertain Futures." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 10, no. 2 (2019): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2019.13.

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Abstract“Uncertain futures” refers to a set of policy problems that possess some combination of the following characteristics: (i) they potentially cause irreversible changes; (ii) they are widespread, so that policy responses may make sense only on a global scale; (iii) network effects are difficult to understand and may amplify (or moderate) consequences; (iv) time horizons are long; and (v) the likelihood of catastrophic outcomes is unknown or even unknowable. These characteristics tend to make uncertain futures intractable to market solutions because property rights are not clearly defined

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Shittu, Ekundayo, and Erin Baker. "Optimal Energy R&D Portfolio Investments in Response to a Carbon Tax." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 57, no. 4 (2010): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2009.2023107.

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In this paper, we deal with a very timely issue-R&D strategies needed for compliance with a climate policy in an economically optimal way. We provide interesting insights into the composition of R&D portfolios across the main mitigation options for decision makers and policy makers. We address the optimal R&D investment response of a decision maker or an engineering manager-at the firm level with a portfolio of alternative technologies-to a rising carbon tax. Understanding the optimal allocation of investments in these technologies is crucial because like most economic resources, t

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Gorenflo, Matthias, Herbert E. Ulmer, and Konrad Brockmeier. "Successful closure of the arterial duct in the setting of rubella syndrome." Cardiology in the Young 12, no. 2 (2002): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951102000434.

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A 9-year-old boy, with significant left-to-right shunting across a large duct in the context of rubella syndrome, was tested during catheterization to establish the feasability of occluding the duct with a device. The testing, including temporary closure of the duct and monitoring of pulmonary vascular reactivity to vasodilative substances, lead to the decision to implant an Amplatzer occluder. Sixteen months later, there was no residual shunting across the duct, and pulmonary arterial pressures had normalised. It remains unclear why the patient had not developed irreversible pulmonary vascula

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Wang, Zuo Gong, Jie Zheng, and Hui Yang Li. "The Risk Evaluation Model of Mining Project Investment Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2928.

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Mining project investment has a lot of features, such as long period, slow effect, big capital size, irreversible investment, the numerous and complicated risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the investment risk before accepting project. On the basis of analyzing the mining project risk factors, establishing the risk evaluation index system, establishing the risk assessment model based on fuzzy comprehensive method, then evaluating the investment risk of mining project quantitatively, which provides the decision-making basis, makes the investment more scientific and

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PARTHASARATHY, V. R. PERRY. "Managing uncertainty: A case for using real options with option pricing model (OPM) to evaluate capital investment." TAPPI Journal 12, no. 7 (2013): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.7.69.

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The pulp and paper industry relies heavily on the traditional discounted cash flow-based net present value (DCF-NPV) for making capital investment decisions. The deficiency of the DCF-NPV model is that it is static; once a pattern of cash flow is established, management does not have the option to change the direction when new information is available. However, flexibility to alter the investment decision is a powerful strategic and capital investment tool. Abundant research has established strong precedence for applications of “real options” in operational and strategic settings to provide us

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Patel, N., S. Patel, E. Cotti, G. Bardini, and F. Mannocci. "Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists’ Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability: A Randomized Clinical Trial." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 4, no. 1 (2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084418812886.

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Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional survey, 57 dentists were given a clinical scenario in combination with a patient’s relevant clinical photographs and radiographs depicting either a Black or White patient presenting with a decayed tooth and associated symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Explicit bias was measured through a questionnaire, which evaluated participants’ course of treatment, strength of recommendation, and their perception of patients’ dental cooperativeness. Implicit bias was evaluated through brief implicit associate tests. Results: Recommendation for root canal trea

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Adger, W. Neil, Jon Barnett, F. S. Chapin, and Heidi Ellemor. "This Must Be the Place: Underrepresentation of Identity and Meaning in Climate Change Decision-Making." Global Environmental Politics 11, no. 2 (2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00051.

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The dangers that future climate change poses to physical, biological, and economic systems are accounted for in analyses of risk and increasingly figure in decision-making about responses to climate change. Yet the potential cultural and social impacts of climate change have scarcely been considered. In this article we bring the risks climate change poses to cultures and social systems into consideration through a focus on places—those local material and symbolic contexts that give meaning and value to peoples' lives. By way of examples, the article reviews evidence on the observed and project

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