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Journal articles on the topic 'Irreversible losse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Perelomova, Anna. "Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in gases." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (2014): 1324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0666.

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Evolution of sound in a medium whose properties irreversibly vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. For example, a gas that is a particular case of a Newtonian fluid is considered. Hysteresis curves, pictorial representations of irreversible attenuation of the sound energy, in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. The irreversible losses in internal energy are proportional to the total attenuation and depend on the intensity and shape of sound waveform. Curves and loops for some periodic (including the sawtooth wave) and aperiodic impulse sounds are discussed and compared

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2

Zakharova, Oksana, and Larysa Prodanova. "A university displaced twice: Irreversible and erroneous losses of human capital." Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no. 2 (2023): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(2-si).2023.15.

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Due to russian military aggression in Ukraine, two waves of relocating educational institutions from occupied and dangerous territories have occurred over the past nine years (in 2014 and 2022). In the first place, relocation affected those universities that were based in industrial regions before the war and trained professional personnel for large industrial enterprises. The speed of the country’s post-war recovery will depend on the availability of professional specialists able to restore industrial enterprises’ functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the changes in the human c

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3

Ripl, W., and M. Eiseltová. "Sustainable land management by restoration of short water cycles and preventionof irreversible matter losses from topsoils." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 9 (2009): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/133/2009-pse.

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Sustainable land management requires that water and matter (nutrients and base cations) are efficiently recycled within ecosystems so that irreversible losses of matter from topsoils are minimised. Matter losses are connected to water flow. The division of water into evapotranspiration that is loss-free, and seepage to groundwater or surface water flow that both carry material losses, is decisive in determining total losses of dissolved matter in a given catchment. Investigations of areal matter losses confirmed the instrumental role of vegetation cover. Areal matter losses measured in agricul

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4

el Haj Assad, Mamdouh. "Effect of Feedwater Temperature Rise in Heaters on Regenerative Rankine Cycle Performance." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 25, no. 2 (1997): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909702500203.

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In this article, the performance of regenerative power plants in terms of second law of thermodynamics is discussed. The performance of the cycle is improved with the addition of backward cascaded-type and open-type feedwater heaters. This improvement is obtained by the reduction in irreversible losses as the number of feedwater heaters increases. A conventional energy-balance approach is used to calculate the irreversible losses in the cycle. The irreversible losses of each component of the cycle is given in a dimensionless ratio and from that ratio one can easily see the fraction of the irre

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5

YEO, L. M. W., D. S. A. SWABY, R. D. SITUNAYAKE, and P. I. MURRAY. "IRREVERSIBLE VISUAL LOSS IN DERMATOMYOSITIS." Rheumatology 34, no. 12 (1995): 1179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/34.12.1179.

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6

Liu, Michael, Antonia Alafris, Anthony J. Longo, and Henry Cohen. "Irreversible Atorvastatin-Associated Hearing Loss." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 32, no. 2 (2012): e27-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1040.

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7

Minagar, A. "Irreversible Atorvastatin-Associated Hearing Loss." Yearbook of Neurology and Neurosurgery 2013 (2013): 159–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yneu.2013.03.015.

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8

Liss, Leopold, and Nancy S. Raptou. "Irreversible Loss of Cognition? A Caveat." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 4, no. 4 (1990): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199040400-00005.

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9

YAVUZ, Haluk. "Valproic Acid-induced Bilateral Irreversible Hearing Loss." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports 28, no. 4 (2020): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/caserep.2020-75906.

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10

Coulston, J. "Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss due to clarithromycin." Postgraduate Medical Journal 81, no. 951 (2005): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2004.020412.

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11

Hänninen, Ismo K., Craig S. Lent, and Gregory L. Snider. "Quantifying Irreversible Information Loss in Digital Circuits." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 11, no. 2 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2629523.

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12

Lanfermann, H., and O. Schober. "Imaging of Irreversible Loss of Brain Function." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 188, no. 01 (2015): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-108202.

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13

Attili, Venkata Satya Suresh, P. P. Bapsy, G. Anupama, and D. Lokanatha. "Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss due to Imatinib." Leukemia Research 32, no. 6 (2008): 991–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2007.11.039.

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14

Keen, A. D., and B. L. Drinkwater. "Irreversible bone loss in former amenorrheic athletes." Osteoporosis International 7, no. 4 (1997): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01623770.

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15

Koumpa, Foteini Stefania, Cillian T. Forde, and Joseph G. Manjaly. "Sudden irreversible hearing loss post COVID-19." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 11 (2020): e238419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238419.

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Sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is frequently seen by otolaryngologists. The exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unknown, with the most likely causative factor being following a viral infection. Immediate steroids are the best treatment to improve prognosis. Despite a plethora of papers in the literature describing SSNHL, there are only a few reported cases of hearing loss following COVID-19, none of which have been reported in the UK. This paper presents the first UK case of SSNHL following COVID-19. Physical examination and imaging excluded any other cause of hearin

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16

Sengupta, Debanjan, Paul R. Estrada, Jeffrey N. Cuzzi, and Munir Humayun. "Depletion of Moderately Volatile Elements by Open-system Loss in the Early Solar Nebula." Astrophysical Journal 932, no. 2 (2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6dcc.

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Abstract Rocky bodies of the inner solar system display a systematic depletion of “moderately volatile elements” (MVEs) that correlates with the expected condensation temperature of their likely host materials under protoplanetary nebula conditions. In this paper, we present and test a new hypothesis in which open-system loss processes irreversibly remove vaporized MVEs from high nebula altitudes, leaving behind the more refractory solids residing much closer to the midplane. The MVEs irreversibly lost from the nebula through these open-system loss processes are then simply unavailable for con

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17

Yan, Xiaotong, Kan Kan, Yuan Zheng, Huixiang Chen, and Maxime Binama. "Entropy Production Evaluation within a Prototype Pump-Turbine Operated in Pump Mode for a Wide Range of Flow Conditions." Processes 10, no. 10 (2022): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102058.

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Inside the pump-turbine, energy is irreversibly lost due to turbulent pulsations in the high Reynolds number zone and actions of viscous forces close to the wall. The conventional differential pressure method cannot obtain specific details of the hydraulic loss within the machine’s flow passages; on the other hand, the entropy production method can provide accurate information on the location of irreversible losses and the spatial distribution of energy dissipation. Therefore, based on the entropy production theory, this study investigates the composition and distribution of hydraulic losses u

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18

Brahma, Kamal Kr, and Dimbendra Kumar Mahanta. "Exergy Analysis of CI Engine Using the Blends of Diesel and Biodiesel from the seed of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre." Research and Applications of Thermal Engineering 4, no. 3 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6337451.

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<em>The maximum theoretical useful work obtained as a system interacts with an equilibrium state is called Exergy. Energy analysis is not only enough to define the best efficiencies of any system, so exergy analysis uses to understand and improve the actual efficiencies of the whole system. The irreversible losses and location could not identify by the energy analysis but can determine the energy loses. These losses are clearly identified by using the exergy analysis. In this study both energy and exergy analyses were performed in a Single Cylinder, Naturally Aspirated, Direct Injection, Compr

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19

Bondar, V. P. "CONDITIONS OF MINIMAL LOSS OF EXERGY IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES OF ACTUATING MEDIUMS HEAT EXCHANGE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2017.04.

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Heat exchange of actuating mediums in heat-exchanging apparatuses runs non-equilibrium (irreversibly), causing loss of operational part of heat. Two types of non-equilibrium process are distinguished: external and internal. External irreversibility is function of average temperature difference (irreversibility degree) and relation of incomplete recuperation on heat exchange boards of actuating mediums. Nature of internal non-equilibrium processes is related to friction work of actuating mediums that are practically impossible to be taken into account and described analytically. In this article

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20

Damera, Gautam, and Reynold A. Panettieri. "Irreversible airway obstruction in asthma: What we lose, we lose early." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 35, no. 2 (2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2013.34.3724.

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21

Anderson, Neal G. "Irreversible information loss: Fundamental notions and entropy costs." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 33 (January 2014): 1460354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603548.

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Landauer's Principle (LP) associates an entropy increase with the irreversible loss of information from a physical system. Clear statement, unambiguous interpretation, and proper application of LP requires precise, mutually consistent, and sufficiently general definitions for a set of interlocking fundamental notions and quantities (entropy, information, irreversibility, erasure). In this work, we critically assess some common definitions and quantities used or implied in statements of LP, and reconsider their definition within an alternative “referential” approach to physical information theo

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22

Senra, Hugo, Fernando Barbosa, Patrícia Ferreira, et al. "Psychologic Adjustment to Irreversible Vision Loss in Adults." Ophthalmology 122, no. 4 (2015): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.10.022.

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23

Balcerak, Ernie. "Study suggests Arctic sea ice loss not irreversible." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 42 (2011): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo420007.

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24

Tarazi, A. E., and A. H. Shikani. "Irreversible Unilateral Visual Loss due to Acute Sinusitis." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 12 (1991): 1400–1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1991.01870240092015.

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25

Lenaerts, Jan T. M., Jan H. van Angelen, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Alex S. Gardner, Bert Wouters, and Erik van Meijgaard. "Irreversible mass loss of Canadian Arctic Archipelago glaciers." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 5 (2013): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50214.

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26

Inglese, Matilde, Angelo Ghezzi, Stefania Bianchi, et al. "Irreversible Disability and Tissue Loss in Multiple Sclerosis." Archives of Neurology 59, no. 2 (2002): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.2.250.

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27

Appel, Paul Alexander, Shu-Han Wu, Jonas Krug von Nidda, and Tim Fellinger. "Developing Tailor-Made Core-Shell Hard Carbon Materials As Anode Materials in Sodium Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 9 (2023): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0291003mtgabs.

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The current strong interest in electromotive mobility and the need to transition to an energy grid with sustainable storage devices has led to a renewed interest in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Hard carbons (HCs) are promising candidates for high-capacity negative electrode materials in SIBs. Their high capacities, however, are often accompanied with high irreversible capacity losses during the initial cycles.[1] Generally, large losses can be connected to irreversible reactions, e.g., the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), during the initial sodiation of the HC-material. How

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28

Kleerebezem, Robbert, Look W. Hulshoff Pol, and Gatze Lettinga. "The Role of Benzoate in Anaerobic Degradation of Terephthalate." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.1161-1167.1999.

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ABSTRACT The effects of acetate, benzoate, and periods without substrate on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate (1,4-benzene-dicarboxylate) by a syntrophic methanogenic culture were studied. The culture had been enriched on terephthalate and was capable of benzoate degradation without a lag phase. When incubated with a mixture of benzoate and terephthalate, subsequent degradation with preference for benzoate was observed. Both benzoate and acetate inhibited the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. The observed inhibition is partially irreversible, resulting in a decrease (or even a c

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29

Wyss, Markus, Luis Pasamontes, Roland Rémy, et al. "Comparison of the Thermostability Properties of Three Acid Phosphatases from Molds: Aspergillus fumigatusPhytase, A. niger Phytase, and A. nigerpH 2.5 Acid Phosphatase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (1998): 4446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4446-4451.1998.

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ABSTRACT Enzymes that are used as animal feed supplements should be able to withstand temperatures of 60 to 90°C, which may be reached during the feed pelleting process. The thermostability properties of three histidine acid phosphatases, Aspergillus fumigatus phytase,Aspergillus niger phytase, and A. niger optimum pH 2.5 acid phosphatase, were investigated by measuring circular dichroism, fluorescence, and enzymatic activity. The phytases ofA. fumigatus and A. niger were both denatured at temperatures between 50 and 70°C. After heat denaturation at temperatures up to 90°C, A. fumigatus phytas

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30

Jin, Yan, Juan Du, Zhiyuan Li, and Hongwu Zhang. "Second-Law Analysis of Irreversible Losses in Gas Turbines." Entropy 19, no. 9 (2017): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e19090470.

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31

Allcorn, Eric, Teal Harbour, Jill Langendorf, and Linda Johnson. "Operando Microcalorimetry Study on Irreversible Losses in Silicon Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 6 (2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-0261066mtgabs.

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32

Chen, Lingen, Junlin Zheng, Fengrui Sun, and Chih Wu. "Power Density Optimization for an Irreversible Closed Brayton Cycle." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 08, no. 03 (2001): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1014073105663.

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In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, is taken as objective for performance optimization of an irreversible closed Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulas about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and tur

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33

Plans, Gerard, Alberto Torres, Enrique Ferran, Alberto Aparicio, and Juan J. Acebes. "CONTRALATERAL HEARING LOSS AFTER VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA SURGERY." Neurosurgery 61, no. 4 (2007): E878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000298920.39872.62.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe a case of contralateral hearing loss (CHL) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery and to discuss the factors potentially related with this complication. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 48-year-old man awakened with complete bilateral hearing loss after an uneventful retrosigmoid excision of a 20 mm left-sided VS. The patient had no complaints of vertigo or facial palsy on the contralateral side. The hearing loss proved to be endocochlear in origin and no improvement was observed after a 24-month follow-up period. DISCUSSION CHL in VS surgery is not commonly reported but c

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34

Tanawade, Rajeev G., Reshma S. Thampy, Scott Wilson, I. Chris Lloyd, and Jane Ashworth. "Tuberculous Orbital Apex Syndrome with Severe Irreversible Visual Loss." Orbit 34, no. 3 (2015): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676830.2015.1014505.

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35

Zhang, Shuoqing, Nicolai Sage Andreas, Ruhong Li, et al. "Mitigating irreversible capacity loss for higher-energy lithium batteries." Energy Storage Materials 48 (June 2022): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.03.004.

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36

Boyle, John F. "Loss of apatite caused irreversible early-Holocene lake acidification." Holocene 17, no. 4 (2007): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683607077046.

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37

Yang, Chen, Jing-xian Kong, Feng-lei Wang, Xin-ji Chen, Wen-qing Li, and Jin-yuan Qian. "Steam-side irreversible loss analysis of spirally corrugated tube." Energy 313 (December 2024): 133860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133860.

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38

George, Mathew K., James C. Tsai, and Nils A. Loewen. "Bilateral Irreversible Severe Vision Loss From Cosmetic Iris Implants." American Journal of Ophthalmology 151, no. 5 (2011): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2010.11.010.

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39

Zaghib, Karim, Gabrielle Nadeau, and Kimio Kinoshita. "Effect of Graphite Particle Size on Irreversible Capacity Loss." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, no. 6 (2000): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393493.

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40

Camberos, Jose A., David J. Moorhouse, and Charles F. Suchomel. "Quantifying Irreversible Losses for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Analysis and Design Integration." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19, no. 1 (2005): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.5547.

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41

Sels, Dries, and Anatoli Polkovnikov. "Minimizing irreversible losses in quantum systems by local counterdiabatic driving." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): E3909—E3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619826114.

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Counterdiabatic driving protocols have been proposed [Demirplak M, Rice SA (2003) J Chem Phys A 107:9937–9945; Berry M (2009) J Phys A Math Theor 42:365303] as a means to make fast changes in the Hamiltonian without exciting transitions. Such driving in principle allows one to realize arbitrarily fast annealing protocols or implement fast dissipationless driving, circumventing standard adiabatic limitations requiring infinitesimally slow rates. These ideas were tested and used both experimentally and theoretically in small systems, but in larger chaotic systems, it is known that exact counterd

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42

Molina Piper, Daniela, Seoung-Bum Son, Jonathan J. Travis, et al. "Mitigating irreversible capacity losses from carbon agents via surface modification." Journal of Power Sources 275 (February 2015): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.032.

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43

Doorn, Neelke. "Distributing Risks: Allocation Principles for Distributing Reversible and Irreversible Losses." Ethics, Policy & Environment 21, no. 1 (2018): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2018.1448041.

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44

Leonowicz, M., W. Kaszuwara, S. Wojciechowski, and H. A. Davies. "Irreversible losses of magnetisation in FeNdB type magnets." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 157-158 (May 1996): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)01128-5.

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45

Matsukawa, Yuko, Fabian Linsenmann, Maximilian Arthur Plass, George Hasegawa, Katsuro Hayashi, and Tim-Patrick Fellinger. "Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (August 14, 2020): 1217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.106.

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Hard carbons are promising candidates for high-capacity anode materials in alkali metal-ion batteries, such as lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. High reversible capacities are often coming along with high irreversible capacity losses during the first cycles, limiting commercial viability. The trade-off to maximize the reversible capacities and simultaneously minimizing irreversible losses can be achieved by tuning the exact architecture of the subnanometric pore system inside the carbon particles. Since the characterization of small pores is nontrivial, we herein employ Kr, N2 and CO2 gas sor

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46

Strauss, Todd, and Shmuel Oren. "Priority Ordering in Interruptible Electric Power Service with Irreversible Early Notification." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 8, no. 2 (1994): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800003405.

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A multi-period model of interruptible electric power service that includes early notification may be described as a stochastic control problem: whom to notify when. When customer interruption losses are multiplicative or submodular, an optimal priority ordering exists, allowing for a simple notification policy.

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47

Yang, Hui Shan, Jin Mei Wu, Li Shuang Wu, and Zhi Wei Wu. "Thermoeconomic Optimization for a Ferroelectric Stirling Refrigeration-Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.175.

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Using the finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible cycle model of the Stirling refrigeration-cycle, using a ferroelectric material as the working substance, is established. Several irreversibilities due to thermal resistances between the working substance and the heat reservoirs, regenerative losses in two regenerative processes are taken into account. The influence of these irreversible losses on the performance of the ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycleis analyzed. The thermoeconomic optimization for ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycle is reported. The cooling load for the r

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48

Hutchinson, J. P., T. S. el-Thaher, and A. D. Miller. "Refolding and recognition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by Escherichia coli chaperonins cpn 60 (groEL) and cpn10 (groES)." Biochemical Journal 302, no. 2 (1994): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020405.

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In vitro refolding of pig mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is investigated in the presence of Escherichia coli chaperonins cpn60 (groEL) and cpn10 (groES). When the enzyme is initially denatured with 3 M guanidinium chloride, chaperonin-assisted refolding is 100% efficient. C.d. spectroscopy reveals that malate dehydrogenase is almost unfolded in 3 M guanidinium chloride, suggesting that a state with little or no residual secondary structure is the optimal ‘substrate’ for chaperonin-assisted refolding. Malate dehydrogenase denatured to more highly structured states proves to refold less effi

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49

Li, J., E. A. Bergin, G. A. Blake, F. J. Ciesla, and M. M. Hirschmann. "Earth’s carbon deficit caused by early loss through irreversible sublimation." Science Advances 7, no. 14 (2021): eabd3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd3632.

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Carbon is an essential element for life, but its behavior during Earth’s accretion is not well understood. Carbonaceous grains in meteoritic and cometary materials suggest that irreversible sublimation, and not condensation, governs carbon acquisition by terrestrial worlds. Through astronomical observations and modeling, we show that the sublimation front of carbon carriers in the solar nebula, or the soot line, moved inward quickly so that carbon-rich ingredients would be available for accretion at 1 astronomical unit after the first million years. On the other hand, geological constraints fi

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50

Nowak, Piotr Grzegorz. "Brain death as irreversible loss of a human’s moral status." Ethics & Bioethics 8, no. 3-4 (2018): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2018-0013.

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Abstract Singer claims that there are two ways of challenging the fact that brain-dead patients, from whom organs are usually retrieved, are in fact biologically alive. By means of the first, the so called dead donor rule may be abandoned, opening the way to lethal organ donation. In the second, it might be posited that terms such as “life” and “death” do not have any primary biological meaning and are applicable to persons instead of organisms. This second possibility permits one to acknowledge that brain-dead patients are deceased because they are irreversibly unconscious. In the commentary

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