Academic literature on the topic 'Irrigated grass'
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Journal articles on the topic "Irrigated grass"
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Bazitov, R. "Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 2020): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.053.
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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.
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Bazitov, R. "Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 2020): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.04.053.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.
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Getnet, Kindie, Amare Haileslasseie, Yigzaw Dessalegne, Fitsum Hagos, Gebregziabher Gebrehaweria, and Berhanu Gebremedhin. "On the profitability of irrigated fodder production: comparative evidence from smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15651.
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Irrigated fodder production can be vitalised as a useful strategy to sustainably intensify subsistence livestock production owned and managed by smallholders and to diversify farm income through linkages to commercial livestock systems. However, uncertainty about the production and market environment of such a non-traditional commodity can be a major hindrance against commercialisation and scaling out of irrigated fodder production. This makes ex-ante analysis of profit portfolio and its determinants necessary in order to improve farmers’ investment and risk management decisions. Using a stochastic approach to farm profit analysis to account for business uncertainty, this paper simulated and compared the level and distribution of profit that smallholders in Koga irrigation scheme (Ethiopia) can generate from irrigated Rhodes grass seed and from traditional irrigated crops. The finding shows the absolute and comparative profitability of irrigated Rhodes grass seed. Though 0.19 times less profitable than irrigated onion, irrigated Rhodes grass seed is 4 times, 1.27 times, and 1.25 times more profitable than irrigated barley, irrigated wheat, and irrigated tomato, respectively. Profit from the commodity is robust to adverse business conditions such as yield reduction, cost increase, and price reduction, assuring optimism about positive financial returns from investments to expand production. Long-term business viability can be improved and farm income further stabilised through interventions targeted at fodder agronomy to enhance crop yield and at value chain development to improve market linkages and output price.
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Salehin, Sk Musfiq-Us, Rajan Ghimire, Sangamesh V. Angadi, and Omololu J. Idowu. "Grass Buffer Strips Improve Soil Health and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Center-Pivot Irrigated Cropping Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 6014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156014.
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Declining water resources and soil degradation have significantly affected agricultural sustainability across the world. In the southern High Plains of USA, buffer strips of perennial grasses alternating with cultivated corn strips were introduced in center-pivot irrigated crop fields to increase agronomic production and ecosystem services. A study was conducted to evaluate soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and soil health benefits of integrating circular grass buffer strips in the center-pivot irrigated corn production system. Multiple parameters were assessed in the grass buffer strips, and at distances of 1.52, 4.57, and 9.14 m away from the edges of grass strips in corn strips. While grasses in the buffer strips depleted N compared to corn strips, potential C mineralization (PCM) was 52.5% to 99.9% more in grass strips than in corn strips. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) content was 36.7% to 52.5% greater in grass strips than in corn strips. Grass buffer also reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from corn strips. Grass buffer strips can improve soil health and sustainability in center-pivot irrigated cropping systems by increasing soil C components and reducing GHG emissions.
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Sun, Youping, and Alyssa Lanae Palmer. "Responses of Ornamental Grass and Grasslike Plants to Saline Water Irrigation." HortTechnology 28, no. 6 (December 2018): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04159-18.
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Ornamental grasses are popular in urban landscapes in Utah and the Intermountain West United States, one of the driest and fastest growing regions in the United States. This experiment evaluated the responses of five ornamental grass species [blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), indian sea oats (Chasmanthium latifolium), ‘Blue Dune’ sand ryegrass (Leymus arenarius), pink muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), ‘Foxtrot’ fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides)] and two ornamental grasslike species [fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea), common rush (Juncus effusus)] to saline irrigation water in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated weekly with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m–1 (control) or saline solutions at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m–1. At the first harvest (9 weeks after the initiation of treatment), sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass irrigated with solutions at an EC of 5.0 and 10 dS·m–1 had good visual quality with no or minimal foliar salt damage; however, the remaining species exhibited slight or moderate foliar salt damage. There were no significant differences in shoot dry weight (DW) among treatments within any species, except fox sedge and fountain grass. At the second harvest (18 weeks after the initiation of treatment), sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass still had no or minimal foliar salt damage, and indian sea oats and fox sedge exhibited slight or moderate foliar salt damage. Compared with the control, all species irrigated with solutions at an EC of 10.0 dS·m–1 had reduced shoot DWs with the exception of blue grama. However, only common rush and pink muhly grass irrigated with solutions at an EC of 5.0 dS·m–1 had lower shoot DWs than the control. These results demonstrated that seven ornamental grass or grasslike species had a very strong tolerance to the salinity levels used in the 4-month experiment. Although plant growth was inhibited as a result of saline irrigation, plant visual quality of sand ryegrass, pink muhly grass, and fountain grass was still acceptable. These three species appear to be more suitable for landscapes in which saline irrigation water is used. Further research is needed to evaluate more ornamental grasses for landscapes in salt-prone areas and nearby coastal regions.
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Gillman, Jeffrey H., and Chad P. Giblin. "Growth Regulators and Irrigation Mitigate Competition Between Intercropped Grass and Fraxinus nigra ‘Fallgold’." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.4.195.
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Abstract Grass, intercropped with nursery stock, is beneficial to the long-term productivity of a field due to decreased erosion of topsoil and increased soil organic material. The primary disadvantage of using grass as an intercrop is supposedly due to a reduction in nutrients and water available to nursery stock. In the spring of 1999, Fraxinus nigra ‘Fallgold’ trees were planted in herbicide strips with no intercrop (cultivated soil), an intercrop of untreated ryegrass, an intercrop of mowed ryegrass or an intercrop of ryegrass treated with a growth regulator. Half of the trees in each treatment were irrigated and half were not. Growth measurements were taken over two, growing seasons. There were no significant increases in growth with the addition of irrigation with the exception of trees grown with an intercrop of growth regulated ryegrass where the addition of irrigation resulted in greater tree height. Trees grown with no intercrop had the greatest increase in both caliper and height. Trees grown with grass treated with a growth regulator and irrigated did not show significantly different growth from non-irrigated trees grown without intercrops. Trees grown with untreated or mowed grass had the lowest increase in caliper and height.
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Holgate, Leon C., Jacqueline A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, and Terry J. Gentry. "Irrigation Water Chemistry: Impact on Microbial Community Composition and Biogeochemical Leaching under Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne [L])." ISRN Ecology 2011 (April 11, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/797910.
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Greywater recycling and rain water harvesting for irrigating urban and suburban landscapes may reduce the use of potable water in arid and subtropical climates but affect soil microbial community composition and biogeochemical cycling. Municipal tap water, greywater, and harvested rain water were used to irrigate (Lolium perenne L.) planted in a constructed soil over a 20 week period. Irrigation with grey water significantly increased the relative abundance of gram-positive biomarkers ANTEISO 15 : 0, ISO 17 : 1G, gram-negative biomarkers 19 : 0 CYCLO c11-12 and bacterial biomarker 18 : 0 () relative to irrigation with harvested rain water. Significant decreases were observed in the relative abundance of gram-positive biomarker 16 : 0, gram-negative biomarker 16 : 1 ω7c, both fungi biomarkers (18 : 2 ω6c and 18 : 1 ω9c) in soils irrigated with greywater (). Dissolved organic carbon losses from soil were a significant two-to-four times greater from soils irrigated with municipal tap water and greywater relative to soils irrigated with harvested rain water (). This study highlights the effect that municipal tap water and grey water may have on microbial community composition and soil nutrient dynamics under irrigated turf grass.
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Lamb, Marshall C., William F. Anderson, Timothy C. Strickland, Alisa W. Coffin, Ronald B. Sorensen, Joseph E. Knoll, and Oliva Pisani. "Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Georgia Coastal Plain Cropping Systems." BioEnergy Research 11, no. 3 (May 21, 2018): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1.
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Hidosa, D., W. Hitiso, and M. Guyo. "Biomass production of different grass species available at irrigated lowland of Dassench Woreda in South Western Ethiopia." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 46, no. 3 (April 7, 2018): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v46i3.36313.
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On farm adaptability test of different grass species was conducted on pastoral area of Keelewe peasant association in Dassench Woreda of South Omo Zone in 2016 under irrigated condition with the objective to identify high biomass yielding grass species. The field experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates per tested species. The tested grass species were Chloris gayana, Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum colaratum. The result indicated that there was a significant difference (p>0.05) among the tested grass species. Panicum colaratum yields the highest (18.08 t/ha) than the Chloris gayana (15.21 t/ha) whereas, Cenchrus ciliaris had yielded the lowest dry matter yield (11.20t/ha) than Chloris gayana and Panicum colaratum. The Panicum colaratum was one with maximum dry matter yield being recommended for irrigated conditions in the study area. However, further testing is required on feeding value, dry matter yield under different fertilizer dose, stem height, leaf to stem ratio, irrigation requirements and chemical composition of tested grass species.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 188-191
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Thompson, Donald. "Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: In monocultures or mixed with alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 5 (September 2013): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-283.
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Thompson, D. J. 2013. Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: in monocultures or mixed with alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 799–807. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is commonly grown for irrigated forage production in interior British Columbia. Tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Schop.) Holub.] is also adapted to the area but no comparative trials have been reported. Three varieties of each grass species were grown in monocultures or in mixtures with alfalfa at three irrigated sites throughout southern interior British Columbia. Study objectives included comparing the forage yield and nutritive value of the following groups: (1) tall fescue and orchardgrass monocultures, (2) tall fescue and orchardgrass mixtures with alfalfa and (3) grass-alfalfa mixtures with monocultures. In monoculture, tall fescue yield was 9% greater than orchardgrass (significantly greater yield at 3 of 6 site-years), though forage nutritive values were similar. Mixtures of the two grasses with alfalfa had similar yields, but those containing tall fescue had superior nutritive value. Alfalfa contributed a greater percentage to total yield and had higher survival when mixed with tall fescue. Tall fescue is a viable alternative to orchardgrass for irrigated forage production in monoculture and may be more suitable for mixtures with alfalfa. Our findings demonstrate a functional diversity effect; grass-alfalfa mixtures over-yielded the mean of the alfalfa, orchardgrass, and tall fescue monocultures by 12%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irrigated grass"
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Oliveira, SÃmia Paiva de. "Qualidade do solo em Argissolo sob pastagem irrigada." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7315.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA conversÃo de florestas em pastagens pode ter um impacto sobre as propriedades e funÃÃes do solo, especialmente em condiÃÃes irrigadas. Partindo da hipÃtese de que a conversÃo de Ãrea natural em Ãrea sob pastagem irrigada altera algumas propriedades do solo, objetivou-se avaliar propriedades quÃmicas, fÃsicas e microbiolÃgicas indicadoras da qualidade do solo, em Ãrea sob pastagem, comparando-a com sua condiÃÃo natural. Para tanto, foram analisados atributos quÃmicos (compartimentos de carbono e nitrogÃnio no solo e lipÃdeos); microbiolÃgicos (carbono e nitrogÃnio da biomassa microbiana, respirometria, populaÃÃes de fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares e glomalina) e fÃsicos (estabilidade de agregados, curva de retenÃÃo da Ãgua no solo, Ãndice S, e IHO), em diferentes profundidades e classes de agregados, visando estabelecer ligaÃÃes que possibilitassem identificar as alteraÃÃes sofridas no solo. Observou-se de modo geral, que o manejo empregado està conseguindo manter a sustentabilidade do sistema. No entanto, deve-se ressaltar que caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas, como a textura do solo e densidade radicular das gramÃneas, foram determinantes no comportamento de atributos selecionados, como por exemplo, estabilidade de agregados. Foram observadas alteraÃÃes nos atributos estudados, principalmente na distribuiÃÃo dos mesmos no perfil, promovendo o aumento dos compartimentos de carbono e nitrogÃnio do solo, alÃm do teor de lipÃdeos. Os atributos microbiolÃgicos nÃo sofreram alteraÃÃes significativas, indicando que a pastagem irrigada nÃo influencia negativamente tais atributos. Quanto aos atributos fÃsicos, como CRA, IHO e Ãndice S, houve interferÃncia de caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas, como por exemplo, a textura na determinaÃÃo da qualidade do solo.
The conversion of forests into pastures may have an impact on the properties and functions of the soil, especially in irrigated conditions. Assuming that the conversion of natural area within the area under irrigated pasture alters some soil properties, aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical and microbiological indicators of soil quality in pasture area, comparing it to its natural condition. To this end, analized the chemical (carbon pools and nitrogen in the soil and lipids); microbiological (carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, respirometry, populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin) and physical attributes (aggregate stability, water retention curve soil, S index and IHO) at different depths and aggregate classes, to establish connections that would enable to identify the changes that occurred in the soil. It was observed generally that the management employee is able to maintain the sustainability of the system. However, it should be noted that intrinsic characteristics such as soil texture and density of the grass root, were decisive in the behavior of selected attributes, such as aggregate stability. There were changes in the attributes studied, mainly in their distribution in the profile, promoting the increase of carbon pools and nitrogen from the soil, beyond the level of lipids. The microbiological attributes did not change significantly, indicating that the irrigated pasture does not adversely affect these attributes. The physical attributes, like CRA IHO and S index, the interference of characteristics, for example, in determining the texture of the soil.
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Júnior, Geraldo Bueno Martha. "Produção de forragem e transformações do nitrogênio do fertilizante em pastagem irrigada de capim Tanzânia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29082003-153957/.
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Apesar de o manejo da pastagem ser um componente chave em sistemas pastoris, poucos esforços foram feitos para determinar a intensidade de pastejo adequada para pastagens tropicais, especialmente sob condições irrigadas. O atrativo econômico de sistemas de pastagens irrigadas depende da elevada produtividade da pastagem, o que significa que fertilizantes nitrogenados precisam ser utilizados. Entretanto, para estabelecer medidas efetivas visando o manejo do nitrogênio (N) é necessário entender o balanço entre entradas e saídas de N e a eficiência de ciclagem e transformações do N em sistemas de produção animal em pastejo. Nesse contexto, sete experimentos foram realizados para avaliar o efeito do resíduo pós-pastejo ou de níveis de fertilizante nitrogenado sobre a produção de forragem e a recuperação do N-fertilizante em pastagem irrigada de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia. O resíduo pós-pastejo para pastagem de capim Tanzânia irrigada e adubada com N durante o inverno, considerando ciclo de pastejo de 36 dias, deve ser de aproximadamente 1.900 a 2.100 kg/ha de massa seca verde. Para as estações de primavera e verão, a massa de forragem residual deve ser de cerca de 1.700 a 2.700 kg/ha de massa seca verde. Esse manejo assegurou que a produção de folhas e a relação folha/haste fossem próximas do máximo. Parcelas de 1 m 2 , tendo uma touceira do capim em seu centro geométrico, foram adequadas para estudar a recuperação de fertilizante- 15 N, independentemente da intensidade de pastejo e estação do ano. O aumento da intensidade de pastejo resultou em decréscimo na massa da touceira. Quanto menor a massa da touceira, maior a dependência no N-fertilizante. A combinação de elevada umidade do solo, ausência de chuva no dia subseqüente à adubação e alta temperatura determinaram baixa recuperação de 15 N-uréia no sistema solo-planta (< 35% do N aplicado) e elevadas perdas de amônia por volatilização (> 40% do N aplicado) nos níveis de adubação superiores a 80 kg/ha de N durante o verão. A absorção foliar da amônia volatilizada da uréia aplicada ao solo variou de 2,5% (120 kg/ha de N) a 16,4% (40 kg/ha de N) do nitrogênio volatilizado. Com adubações inferiores a 60 kg/ha de N observou-se níveis subótimos de nutrição nitrogenada e tendência de maior discriminação do 13 C durante o verão.Whilst grazing management is a key component in pastoral systems little effort has been made to determine the adequate grazing intensity for tropical pastures, especially under irrigated conditions. The economical attractiveness of irrigated pasture systems depends on high pasture productivity, meaning that fertilizer nitrogen (N) must be used. However, to make effective changes toward sustainable N management, an understanding of the balance between N inputs and outputs and the efficiency of N cycling and transformation within the grassland system is required. In this context, seven experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of post-grazing residue or nitrogenous fertilizer levels on herbage production and on fertilizer-N recovery in irrigated Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture. The post-grazing residue for irrigated, N-fertilized Tanzania grass pasture during the winter, considering a 36-day grazing cycle, should be around 1900 to 2100 kg/ha of green dry matter. During the spring/summer seasons the residual stubble mass should be around 1700 to 2700 kg/ha of green dry matter. This management ensured that leaf production and leaf/stem ratio were close to the maximum. A plot-size of 1 m 2 , with a tussock of the grass in its geometric center, was adequate to study 15 N-fertilizer recovery irrespective of grazing intensity and season of the year. Increasing the grazing intensity resulted in decreased tussock mass. The smaller the tussock mass the greater was the reliance on fertilizer-N. The combination of high soil water content, lack of rainfall in the day following fertilization and high temperature determined low urea- 15 N recovery in the soil-plant system (< 35% of applied N) and high ammonia volatilization losses (> 40% of applied N) at fertilizations levels higher than 80 kg N/ha during the summer. The absorption of ammonia volatilized from urea applied to soil varied from 2.5% (120 kg N/ha) to 16.4% (40 kg N/ha) of the volatilized nitrogen. With fertilizations lower than 60 kg N/ha it was observed sub-optimal N nutrition and a trend of higher 13 C discrimination during the summer.
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Alves, Carlos Oscar Maia. "Perfil TÃcnico e EconÃmico da ProduÃÃo de Coco no Distrito de IrrigaÃÃo Curu-Paraipaba, Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10431.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEste trabalho buscou identificar o perfil tÃcnico e econÃmico da produÃÃo de coco no Distrito de IrrigaÃÃo Curu-Paraipaba, Estado do CearÃ. Justificou-se a importÃncia do estudo, haja vista que o referido projeto de irrigaÃÃo existe hà mais de trÃs dÃcadas e apresenta atualmente cerca de 679 estabelecimentos rurais administrados por pequenos produtores. Utilizou-se uma amostra de tamanho igual a 50 (cinquenta) e, como instrumentos de anÃlise, empregou-se anÃlise tabular e descritiva dos dados, alÃm das tÃcnicas de anÃlise fatorial e de agrupamento. Relatou-se que todos os estabelecimentos expressaram margem bruta e margem lÃquida positivas, mas que o nÃvel de renda auferido, tendo como referÃncia a variÃvel lucro, foi considerado como baixo Em seguida, realizou-se a identificaÃÃo de fatores tÃcnicos e econÃmicos. Pela anÃlise fatorial baseada no mÃtodo das componentes principais, identificou-se o fator econÃmico dos produtores que apÃs a rotaÃÃo varimax, captou 48,89% da variÃncia das variÃveis originais. O fator tÃcnico captou 25,49% da variÃncia. Obtidos os escores fatoriais, foram identificados trÃs grupos distintos de produtores rurais, o que demonstrou diferenciaÃÃes no nÃvel tÃcnico-econÃmico entre os agricultores familiares entrevistados. O melhor grupo identificado foi composto por apenas sete pessoas, que conseguiram bons resultados tÃcnicos e econÃmicos. Dentro do mesmo processo, identificou-se o segundo grupo, composto por 38 pessoas incluindo agricultores que nÃo atingiram resultados econÃmicos satisfatÃrios em 2012. Identificou-se, tambÃm, um grupo formado por cinco produtores em estÃdio de declÃnio. Compreendeu-se que o pequeno produtor entrevistado tem dificuldade de capital de giro para o exercÃcio de suas prÃticas agrÃcolas e que o seu acesso a linhas de crÃdito como o Pronaf poderia ser a alternativa economicamente importante. O acesso ao crÃdito rural à dificultado pela nÃo detenÃÃo da escritura dos estabelecimentos, de modo que a principal sugestÃo de polÃtica pÃblica para o projeto Curu-Paraipaba à a implementaÃÃo de um extenso processo de regularizaÃÃo fundiÃria, sem Ãnus para os agricultores irrigantes de origem.
This study aimed to identify the technical and economical profile of coconut production in the irrigation district of Curu-Paraipaba, state of CearÃ. The importance of the study was justified from the point of view that the referred project of irrigation exists for over three decades and currently has about 679 farms managed by small producers. We used a sample size equal to fifty and as tools of analysis, we used descriptive and tabular analysis of the collected data besides the techniques of factor and cluster analysis. It was reported that all establishments showed gross and net margin positive but that the level of income earned was considered low, taking as reference the variable profit. Then it was performed the identification of technical and economic factors. By the factor analysis from the method of principal components, it was identified the economic factor of producers that after varimax rotation, caught 48.89 % of the variance of the original variables. The technical factor caught 25.49 % of the variance. When the factor scores were got, it was identified three distinct groups of rural producers who showed differences at the technical â economical level among the family farmers interviewed. The best group identified consisted of only 7 individuals, who achieved good technical and economical results. Within the same process, it was identified a second group consisting of 38 individuals including farmers who did not get satisfactory economical results in 2012. It was also identified a group of 5 producers in decline stage. It was understood that the small producer interviewed has difficulty in getting working capital to operate his agricultural practices and his access to Pronaf credit could be an economically important alternative. The access to rural credit is difficult because the producers do not have the deed document of the establishments, so the main suggestion of a public policy to Curu-Paraipaba project is the implementation of an extensive process of land regularization, without cost to irrigating farmers of origin.
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Eckard, Richard John. "The nitrogen economy of three irrigated temperate grass pastures with and without clover in Natal." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10532.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Irrigated grass"
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Alagudurai, S. "Water use Efficiency of Pearl Millet and Napier Hybrid Grass Under Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Fertigation." In Management Strategies for Water Use Efficiency and Micro Irrigated Crops, 71–80. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429060601-8.
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Conway, G. "Practical innovation: Partnerships between Scientists and Farmers." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0027.
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Farmers have been experimenters since the beginning of agriculture. Hunters and gatherers had long since learned to use fire as a means of stimulating the growth of tubers and other food plants, and of grass to attract game. Plant selection began when people found they could encourage favored fruiting trees by clearing their competitive neighbors, but the first steps toward intensive plant breeding were taken when an individual, probably a woman rather than a man, deliberately sowed a seed from a high-yielding plant somewhere near the dwelling and observed it grow to maturity. In Europe and Asia, wheat and rice naturally attracted experimental attention. Because they are predominantly self-pollinating, selection produces rapid improvements and the rare crosses provide new material, often with exciting potential. The first bread wheat, a natural cross between emmer wheat and a wild goat grass, was noticed by farmers as early as 8,000 years ago; it was the kind of exotic cross that modern genetic engineers strive for and that is announced in the press, today, as a miracle variety. Farmers continued to domesticate new species, but most attention was devoted to the local selection and adaptation of the existing relatively small number of cereals and livestock. Experimentation also resulted in new whole systems of agriculture— swidden, rice terracing, home gardens, irrigated agriculture, the Mediterranean Trio of wheat, olives, and vines, the Latin American multiple cropping of maize, beans, and squashes, and, in many parts of the world, various forms of integrated crop-livestock agriculture. As is evident from their writings, the Romans analyzed the structure and functions of agricultural systems in a scientific manner. They also described the process of experimentation. Marcus Terentius Varro, who wrote a treatise on agriculture in the 1st century BC, urged farmers to both “imitate others and attempt by experiment to do some things in a different way. Following not chance but some system: as, for instance, if we plough a second time, more or less deeply than others, to see what effect this will have” (Hooper and Ash, 1935). The great agricultural revolution of Britain in the late 18th century was led by farmers.
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"“Let the Water for the Paddy Also Irrigate the Grass”." In Crooked Stalks, 181–220. Duke University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822391012-006.
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Labintan, Constant, Harald Winkler, and Abiodun Elijah Obayelu. "Biofuel Production and Its Implications in a Transitive Low Carbon Development Country." In Food Systems Sustainability and Environmental Policies in Modern Economies, 71–88. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3631-4.ch004.
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This chapter explains the implication of South Africa's transport fuel 2% blending. Using dry grain sorghum as feedstock with guaranteed food security has lower emission of 24.93kg/ha with emerging farmers who constituted 30% of the suppliers with a 3-year payback period. Using irrigated sorghum with food security as a priority has a relatively lower emission level of 11.47kg/ha from emerging farmers with a 9-year payback period. Using sugar beet has lower emission level of 0.12kg/ha with emerging farmers and a 3-year payback period. Soil organic content has significant influence on emissions from land use practices. Commercial sugar beet ethanol production caused high emission (4.84kg/ha) but has a short payback period of only 2 years which enhanced household food consumption by 12.5% and 31.50% under food security not a priority and food security as a priority, respectively. In all, grain sorghum food and beverage gross domestic product (GDP) increased, respectively, by 8%, 0.19%, and 0.23% under food security as not a priority, and increased by 20.83%, 0.44%, and 0.61% in opposite scenario, respectively.
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"five ‘‘Let the Water for the Paddy Also Irrigate the Grass’’ On the Sympathies of an Aqueous Self." In Crooked Stalks, 181–220. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822391012-008.
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Burke, Ingrid C., and William K. Lauenroth. "The Future of the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0023.
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Where lies the future of the shortgrass steppe? In prior chapters we have described the remarkable resilience of the shortgrass steppe ecosystem and its organisms to past drought and grazing, and their sensitivity to other types of change. Emerging from this analysis is the idea of vulnerability to two main forces: future changes in precipitation or water availability, and direct human impacts. What are the likely changes in the shortgrass steppe during the next several decades? Which of the changes are most likely to affect major responses in the plants, animals, and ecosystem services of the shortgrass steppe? In this chapter we evaluate the current status of the shortgrass steppe and its potential responses to three sets of factors that will be driving forces for the future of the steppe: land-use change, atmospheric change, and changes in diseases. Referring to the early 1900s, James Michener in his novel Centennial (1974) wrote the following:… The old two-part system that had prevailed at the end of the nineteenth century— rancher and irrigator—was now a tripartite cooperation: the rancher used the rougher upland prairie; the irrigation farmer kept to the bottom lands; and the drylands gambler plowed the sweeping 0 eld in between, losing his seed money one year, reaping a fortune the next, depending on the rain. It was an imaginative system, requiring three different types of man, three different attitudes toward life. . . . (p. 1081)… Even today, because of the strong water limitation for cropping, the shortgrass steppe remains relatively intact, or at least unplowed, in contrast to other grassland ecosystems (Samson and Knopf, 1994). More than half of the shortgrass steppe remains in untilled, landscape-scale tracts, compared with only 9% of tallgrass prairie and 39% of mixed-grass prairie (The Nature Conservancy, 2003). These large tracts, including those in the national grasslands (Pawnee, Cimarron, Comanche, and Kiowa/Rita Blanca), provide the greatest opportunity for preserving key ecological processes and biological diversity.
Conference papers on the topic "Irrigated grass"
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Santos, O. S. N., A. Kiperstok, L. M. Queiroz, M. B. Teixeira, V. P. S. Paz, and A. J. P. Silva. "The Development of Bermuda Grass Irrigated with Human Urine." In II Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI/INCTSal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/ii.inovagri.2014-a692.
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Martin, E. S., L. S. Vanzela, M. E. F. G. Catanheira, J. D. S. Freitas, and J. D. S. Freitas. "CHEMICAL PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF SOIL AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTIVITY OF MOMBASA GRASS IRRIGATED WITH CHEESE WHEY." In III Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/iii.inovagri.2015-a058.
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Martin, E. S., L. S. Vanzela, M. E. F. G. Catanheira, J. D. S. Freitas, and J. D. S. Freitas. "CHEMICAL PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF SOIL AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTIVITY OF MOMBASA GRASS IRRIGATED WITH CHEESE WHEY." In III Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/iii.inovagri.2015-a58.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.35.25.009.
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В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.35.25.009.
Full textAbstract:
В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.