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Academic literature on the topic 'Irrigation farmers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Phali, Lerato, Maxwell Mudhara, Stuart Ferrer, and Godswill Makombe. "Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in the Management of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 6(J) (February 9, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i6(j).3121.

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Participatory Irrigation Management is an important concept in the management of water resources. It fosters collective responsibility and rule compliance, the lack of which creates a weak environment for sustainable water use. This study adopted Principal Components Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the determinants of farmer’s participation in the management of four smallholder irrigations schemes in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The selected schemes, Ndumo, Makhathini Flats, Mooi River and Tugela Ferry, are representative of the general management and farmer activities in smallholder irrigation schemes in the country. The study considered household data from 341 irrigators and found that those who participated in regulation and control management activities of SIS also participate in information sharing activities. The results show that agricultural training, land tenure security, credit access and co-operative membership positively influence farmers’ participation in decision making. Additionally, irrigation water adequacy positively influences farmer’s participation in making financial contributions in the schemes. The study recommends that better land agreements that, would improve the security of tenure should be put in place to foster farmer participation. Farmers should receive agricultural and irrigation training to increase the likelihood of participating in the management of irrigation schemes.

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Aslan, Nihan Körpe, and Murat Tekiner. "Assessment of Irrigation Practices of Farmers Receiving Water from Open-Canal and Piped Irrigation Networks." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.1066-1071.1218.

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Open-canal irrigation networks have been transformed into closed-piped networks. Drip irrigation is the most common method used irrigations in Çanakkale province. The aim of study is to assess irrigation practices of farmers using different irrigation networks. There were not significant differences in irrigation practices of the farmers receiving water from both networks, but all were making mistakes and unconscious in their practices. An optimum schedule was also prepared to compare with farmer practices. While a farmer growing tomato in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 531 mm irrigation water as seasonal total, present farmer applied 1414 mm water; while a farmer growing tomato in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply a total of 457 mm, present farmer applied 492 mm irrigation water; while a farmer growing maize in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 512 mm, the present farmer applied 975 mm; finally a farmer growing maize in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply 379 mm water, the present farmer applied 228 mm irrigation water throughout the entire growing season. Irrigation water efficiency (IWUE) values indicating the effects of irrigation water quantities on yields were calculated as 2.5 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Kumkale; 12.3 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 0.7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Kumkale and 8,7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Mahmudiye village. Relative irrigation supply (RIS) values indicating how efficiently the precipitations were used were calculated as 2.98 for tomato culture in Kumkale; 1.41 for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 2.40 for maize culture in Kumkale and 0.85 for maize culture in Mahmudiye village.

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Kiprop, Jonah, Kelvin Mulungu, Noah Kibet, and Antony Macharia. "Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Irrigation Water in Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n2p135.

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Food security is the major outcome of irrigation development activities. However, this cannot be achieved without sustainable water resources management. With the increasing budgetary constraints in many developing countries, governments have recognized the need to delegate irrigation scheme management to Irrigation Water Users’ Associations (IWUA’s) as much as possible. Despite the majority of these associations being operational, the major challenge has been poor performance due to inadequate farmer participation. This study examines the factors which influence farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water in a smallholder irrigation scheme in Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya. Using a multi-stage sampling method, a representative sample of 216 smallholder farmers from the Basin were interviewed. Results show that education level, access to training on irrigation, participation in construction of the irrigation system, crop income from irrigation and membership in IWUA significantly and positively influence farmers’ decisions to pay for irrigation water. Distance to the water source reduces the willingness to pay for irrigation water. Differential pricing based on income levels of farmers, rather than uniform pricing is recommended. We further recommend formulation of policies to train farmers in water management and to support farmer participation in IWUA’s.

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Tan, Yongfeng, Lu Qian, Apurbo Sarkar, Zhanar Nurgazina, and Uzair Ali. "Farmer’s adoption tendency towards drought shock, risk-taking networks and modern irrigation technology: evidence from Zhangye, Gansu, PRC." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-11-2019-0063.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure Farmer’s adoption tendency towards drought shock, risk-taking networks and modern irrigation technology. Design/methodology/approach Based on this assumption, this paper evaluated the data gathered from 498 household surveys of Zhangye, Gansu province, PRC, by using the binary probit model. First, the empirical data was analyzed for evaluating the impact of drought shock and risk-taking tendencies on the adoption of modern irrigation technology by farmers. Second, the authors introduced informal risk-bearing networks with formal risks. Final, based on the empirical results, the sustainability test, along with the marginal effect analysis and the degree of impact was carried out. Findings The results show that the drought shock has a significantly deferent effect on the modern irrigation technology of the farmers. The probability of using technology for each level of drought loss is reduced by 15.02%. The risk-taking network has a significant role in promoting the modern irrigation technology of farmers. The probability of adoption for each additional unit of rural household labor security supply, the likelihood of adoption by farmers increased 23.11%, the probability of approval for each level of relative support, and neighborhood assistance by farmers increased by 13.11% and 17.88% respectively. This study further revealed that insurance purchases enabled farmers to adopt new irrigation technology with the probability increased by 24.99%; easily available bank loans increased the probability of farmers using irrigation technology by 31.89%. From the perspective of interactions between farmers, the risk-taking network can alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought impact towards the adoption of irrigation technology. Among the control variables, the number of years of education, the age of farming, the degree of arable land, the distance from home to the market, and the price of water all has significant effects on the adoption of modern irrigation technology by farmers. Originality/value The novelty of the study is that it illustrated the interactive influence of drought shock and risk-taking networks on the farmer’s adoption tendencies of modern irrigation technologies, the inner relationship among drought impact, the risk-taking network and the farmer’s adoption behavior and provide an interactive relationship between the formal risk-taking network and the non-risk-taking network in farmer’s technology adoption.

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Osewe, Maurice, Aijun Liu, and Tim Njagi. "Farmer-Led Irrigation and Its Impacts on Smallholder Farmers’ Crop Income: Evidence from Southern Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051512.

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Irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa are mostly unsustainable because of lack of maintenance by their users or government planners. By contrast, evidence shows that the smallholder farmers are developing and expanding the irrigated land, using their initiatives. Farmer-led irrigation, a revolutionary agricultural intensification approach, is already in progress with the magnitude to significantly transform the living standards of smallholder farmers. However, a rigorous assessment of its impact on household welfare to ascertain this is lacking. This paper bridges this gap by assessing factors influencing the adoption of this particular approach as well as its effects on the farmers’ per capita net crop income. Our data set consists of 608 smallholder farmers in Southern Tanzania and used propensity score matching to estimate the effects of adoption on the per capita net crop income. Our results indicate that the uptake of farmer-led irrigation practices is influenced by drought experience, water user group membership, farmer organization membership, and government extension, as well as the sex of the household head. Further, there was a positive and significant effect on the adopters’ per capita net crop income, thus encouraging the need to promote farmer-led irrigation as a complement to externally promoted innovations in achieving sustainable food security. This study, therefore, recommends that the government should support the farmers’ initiative by improving roads, removing market barriers, and helping farmers who have not yet taken up the initiative. Also, the government should enact regulations to make sure farmer-led irrigation initiatives do not harm the eco-environment such as protecting domestic water users. Finally, the government should leverage microservices to the farmers such as promoting affordable and appropriate credit facilities. It is necessary to continue pursuing this vein of research to gain information regarding the definite impact of the farmer-led irrigation on household welfare.

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Nurkhaida, Risqa, Adang Hamdani, Ahmad Suriadi, and Nani Heryani. "Increasing rice productivity and profitability through irrigation water management and bio-fertilizer in West Nusa Tenggara." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604012.

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Limited water resources in dry land area become a crucial factor in crop production. The research aims were to determine the effect of irrigation network arrangement and application of biofertilizer on rice productivity, and the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure to increase farmers’ income. The study was conducted in Mbawa Village, Donggo District, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. In addition to repairing irrigation network, five different cultivation practices were applied, i.e. (1) farmer’s practice with integrated crop management, (2) farmer’s practices added with biofertilizers, (3) Recommended dosage fertilization, (4) Recommended dosage fertilization added with biofertilizer, and (5) farmer’s practices as control. Farming analysis was carried out by calculating farm cash flow, while the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure was carried out by calculating IRR, NPV and Net BCR. The results showed that application of biofertilizer increased the production of straw and rice yields. Farming and financial analysis of irrigation infrastructure showed that irrigation infrastructure investment was feasible to develop with a relatively fast return on capital and can increase farmers’ income. Through improved irrigation infrastructure, the use of biological fertilizers, and proper irrigation water management can increase rice productivity and farmers’ income.

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Tan, Yongfeng, Apurbo Sarkar, Airin Rahman, Lu Qian, Waqar Hussain Memon, and Zharkyn Magzhan. "Does External Shock Influence Farmer’s Adoption of Modern Irrigation Technology?—A Case of Gansu Province, China." Land 10, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080882.

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Due to the severe irrigational water scarcity and ever-growing contamination of existing water resources, the potential of improved and innovative irrigation technology has emerged. The risk-taking network may play an essential role in the adoption of modern irrigation technology (MIT). The main goals of the current study were to find the impacts of external shocks on MIT adoption by farmers. For doing so, the study analyzed the mediating effect of economic vulnerability (EV) and the moderating effect of the risk-taking network on farmer’s adaptation of MIT. Economic vulnerability of farmers refers to risks caused by external shocks to the farming system which may affect the farmer’s adoption of MIT. The empirical set-up of the study consists of micro survey data of 509 farmers from the Gansu Province of China. The results show that the external shock has a significant negative impact on adapting MIT by rural farmers. At the same time, EV plays an intermediary effect in increasing the impact of external irrigation on the adaptation of MIT. The intermediary to total effect is 36.57%. The risk-taking network has a moderate effect on the relationship between external shocks, affecting farmers to adopt MIT, while external shocks also increase EV which affects farmers’ adopting MIT. Thus, it can be said that the risk-taking network regulates the direct path of external shocks affecting farmers’ choice to adapt to MIT, and external shocks also affect farmer’s MIT adaptation. The public and private partnerships should be strengthened to facilitate risk minimization. Government should provide subsidies, and financial organizations should also formulate more accessible loans and risk-sharing facilities. The government should expand the support for formal and informal risk-taking network. They should also extend their support for formal and informal risk-taking networks to improve the risk response-ability of vulnerable farmers. The concerned authorities should attach smallholder farmers’ socio-economic structure and reform the existing policies according to their demands. The governmental authorities should also endorse the risk-sharing function of informal institutions.

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Evariani, E. "Analisis Dampak Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Tersier Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v3i2.1108.

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The function of the irrigation is very important in agriculture system. Irrigation is utilized by farmers particularly rice farmers to irrigate and maintain the adequacy of water in their rice fields. Since the first of the irrigation system has developed, the different in quality and system managements still, Aceh Besar regency has an area of 31,998.0 Ha of rice fields and the land that have irrigation scope are 20,275 Ha. With the irrigation rehabilitation programs becoming more eficient in rice production and farmer’s income are increasing therefore the researce on the analysis of impact the rehabilitation of tertier irrigation on farmer’s income and an analysis of the breakeven point (BEP) in Aceh Besar regency conducted. This research was conducted with a purposive sampling method (deliberately) based on the consideration of farmers around the location of the study received support rehabilitation of irrigation tertiary fund budget for fiscal year 2016 for data analysis using quantitative approaches such as analysis of t test, R / C ratio and analysis of breakeven point.

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Kumnerdpet, Wachiraporn, and A. John Sinclair. "Implementing participatory irrigation management in Thailand." Water Policy 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.089.

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Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was formally adopted in Thailand in 2004. The involvement of farmers in water management decision making is necessary to meet the implementation challenges of this initiative. As such, the research presented in this paper considered the level of farmer involvement in water management and decision making, and the lessons learned by both government officials and farmers through the implementation of PIM in Thailand to date. Data collected from document reviews and a total of 44 semistructured face-to-face and telephone interviews of public irrigation officials and farmers nationwide show that farmers possess the full potential to manage irrigation water by themselves, and that they are making important changes to governance systems for irrigation. However, they need both the opportunity and the continuing supportof public irrigation officials for success, which is currently only being partly achieved through the PIM initiative.

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Pinel, Bertrand, and Marianne Moalic. "Twenty-two percent less water on maize with a new subscriber decision support tool." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.014.

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As a case study, this paper shows how a French cooperative seized on a new technology (capacitance sensors), tested it in real conditions (irrigation of maize in several Agronomic Department trial fields) and is now able to offer to its farmer members a subscriber decision support tool (DST) to increase water use efficiency. Thus, technical and scientific trials have been conducted with fourteen farmers over the last four years. Managing irrigation with capacitance probes has resulted in an increase in water efficiency: most of the time, there is a reduction in water supply (the average is 22% (range 4–44%) less water use than without the probes). Sometimes, only a yield increase is observed with the same water quantity (see 2010 trial – farmer 2). In 2012 Terrena conducted market research on 28 farmer members and 20 crop advisors. This showed that most farmers who irrigate do not use irrigation management tools. However with a tightening of regulations and an increase in irrigation costs, attitudes are changing. Thus, 12 farmers questioned, said they were ready to pay for an irrigation management service based on capacitance probes (continuous real time monitoring of soil moisture). It also showed that irrigation advice needs to take into account global irrigation system constraints (number of rollers, pump speed and the like). Farmers are ready to pay for an efficient irrigation management DST. So as to be ready for a 2013 launch, a DST soft-launch was set-up in 2012 on ten experimental farms. The usual working practices of irrigators cannot be expected to change overnight. However, this study shows how important is the farmers' involvement in the building of this service, coupled with that of their crop advisors. Because farmers were involved at the beginning of the DST creation process, it made it possible to convince all of them to use this tool in a more sustainable manner.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Kamwamba-Mtethiwa, Jean Tiyamika. "Sustainable irrigation development : the adoption of small-scale pumped irrigation in Malawi." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10005.

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There has been an increased interest on small-scale pumped irrigation (SSPI) in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), however little is known on the adoption processes behind this technology. Moreover, the conditions for successful SSPI adoption remain largely unexplored. This research aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the present adoption processes to inform future policy. The thesis was framed around the diffusion of innovations model (Rogers 2003), using the systematic review methodology and field surveys. Interviews involving 212 farmers and 25 other stakeholders were conducted between 2013 and 2014 within 3 districts in Malawi. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The systematic review revealed that evidence relating to pump performance in SSA was limited, lacked standards and confined within particular regions. The field surveys identified that four different pumped systems have been adopted by farmers in Malawi; group treadle, individual treadle, group motorized and individual motorized. Farmers generally prefer individually managed pumps that are easy to operate and fit in with their existing farming practices. Adoption is driven either by the attributes of self-motivated farmers or by incentives such as free or subsidized pumps. While adoption by self-motivated farmers is consistent with Rogers (2003) model, adoption due to incentives shows differences. The research proposes a modification to the Rogers (2003) model and revised definition of success in SSPI adoption, leading to a new framework showing pathways of success. This framework identifies the routes taken by farmers who successfully adopt or discontinue using pumps. Incentive farmers are typically the poorer; these need continued external support to survive the learning curve. For self-motivated farmers, their higher socio-economic status supports successful adoption. To ensure sustainability, SSPI promoters need to offer continued support to incentive farmers and/or reduce barriers to accessing the pumps for self-motivated farmers.

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Andriyas, Sanyogita. "Analysis of Irrigation Decision Behavior and Forecasting Future Irrigation Decisions." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1359.

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Farmers play a pivotal role in food production. To be economically successful, farmers must make many decisions during the course of a growing season about the allocation of inputs to production. For farmers in arid regions, one of these decisions is whether to irrigate. This research is the first of its kind to investigate the reasons that drive a farmer to make irrigation decisions and use those reasons/factors to forecast future irrigation decisions. This study can help water managers and canal operators to estimate short-term irrigation demands, thereby gaining information that might be useful in management of irrigation supply systems. This work presents three approaches to study farmer irrigation behavior: Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), decision trees, and hidden Markov models (HMMs). All three models are in the class of evolutionary algorithms, which are often used to analyze problems in dynamic and uncertain environments. These algorithms learn the connections between observed input and output data and can make predictions about future events. The models were used to study behavior of farmers in the Canal B command area, located in the Lower Sevier River Basin, Delta, Utah. Alfalfa, barley, and corn are the major crops in this area. Biophysical variables that are measured during the growing reasons were used as inputs to build the models. Information about crop phenology, soil moisture, and weather variables were compiled. Information about timing of irrigation events was available from soil moisture probes installed on some agricultural fields at the site. The models were capable of identifying the variables that are important in forecasting an irrigation decision, classes of farmers, and decisions with single and multi-factor effect regarding farmer behavior. The models did this across years and crops. The advantage of using these models to study a complex problem like behavior is that they do not require exact information, which can never be completely obtained, given the complexity of the problem. This study uses biophysical inputs to forecast decisions about water use. Such forecasts cannot be done satisfactorily using survey methodologies. The study reveals irrigation behavior characteristics. These conform to previous beliefs that a farmer might look at crop conditions, consult a neighbor, or irrigate on a weekend if he has a job during the week. When presented with new data, these models gave good estimates for probable days of irrigation, given the past behavior. All three models can be adequately used to explore farmers' irrigation behavior for a given site. They are capable of answering questions related to the driving forces of irrigation decisions and the classes of subjects involved in a complex process.

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Chitsa, Gilbert. "Analysis of entrepreneurial behaviour of smallholder irrigation farmers: empirical evidence from Qamata Irrigation scheme." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019769.

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Albeit much effort having been put to review the performance trend of smallholder irrigation farmers in South Africa. However, there seems to be a paucity of information regarding the level of entrepreneurship on these farmers. Most research works on smallholder irrigation farmers have mainly focused on livelihoods trajectory providing a review on how the welfare of the rural poor has been transformed after the introduction of irrigation schemes. With most research evidence indicating a high degree of underperformance on most smallholder irrigation schemes, this research attempted to investigate the level of entrepreneurship among the small holder irrigation farmers. In order to achieve the main research objective, a sample of 110 farmers drawn from Qamata irrigation scheme was interviewed and each farmer’s performance on the nine components of entrepreneurship was assessed. The aspects assessed to determine the farmer’s entrepreneurial behaviour were: planning ability, risk taking, achievement motivation, leadership ability, Cosmo politeness, decision making, and innovativeness and farming knowledge. Basing on previous studies which indicated entrepreneurial behaviour to be influenced by several factors the study also analysed the determinants of entrepreneurship among the irrigation farmers and a binary logistic regression model was used to establish the connection between various independent variables and the farmers’ entrepreneurial performance given as a total score of the nine components. Though the findings of the study revealed a prevalently low level of entrepreneurship among the smallholder irrigation farmers on Qamata irrigation scheme, a high proportion of the respondent farmers (65.5% and 60.5%) showed to have a high degree of achievement motivation and decision making ability, respectively. The observed trend thus reflected that smallholder farmers have a potential to become entrepreneurs and are willing to succeed. The binary model results revealed that the prevailing land tenure system will be a strong determinant of the farmer’s level of entrepreneurship. Equally, levels of training in farming, motive for farming and information seeking tendency also proved to have a significant influence on the degree of farmer entrepreneurship. Based on the results of this study recommendations have thus been drawn on the need for policies and practices aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and not dependency among farmers. Key focus areas identified include: the need to revise the current land ii tenure system on irrigation schemes, intensify on entrepreneurship training for both farmers and extension officers and regular on-farm training on new technologies.

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Ncube, Bulisani Lloyd. "Livelihoods and production in smallholder irrigation schemes: the case of New Forest Irrigation Scheme in Mpumalanga Province." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4218.

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Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)
This study explored the production and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in irrigation schemes in South Africa. The particular focus has been on the farming styles of smallholder farmers, the impact of irrigation scheme production on their income and livelihoods, and the issue of smallholder social differentiation. The New Forest irrigation scheme located in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality was used as a case study. The research methodology utilized a combination of extensive and intensive research designs. The farming style approach was compared with the livelihood strategies approach to determine the relationship between the farmers’ approach to farming and their livelihood development trajectory. The underlying assumption is that small-scale irrigation has the potential to make a positive contribution to the livelihoods of farmers. New Forest irrigation farmers face a number of challenges at the irrigation scheme such as neglect by government, inadequate irrigation water, and access to affordable crops inputs. The farmers were not organised to be able to purchase inputs, engage in co-operative marketing, and manage the irrigation scheme. The notion of investing in smallholder irrigation schemes in order to convert smallholders into commercial farmers is unrealistic. Those that were classified as ‘food farmers’, benefit from irrigation development and participation through meeting their household consumption needs. Those classified as ‘employers’, obtained negative gross margins per plot and hired most farm labour. Diversification by employers into other less risky livelihood activities on-farm and off-farm is an option. The ‘profit makers’, make high returns from crop production, and obtained the highest gross margins per plot. This thesis argues that support to farmers in smallholder irrigation schemes should be provided in the context of their farming objectives, and livelihood aspirations which are not only varied but evolve across time and individual circumstances.

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Usman, Abdullah. "Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' adoption of a new technology : the case study on the groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia." Title page, Abstract and Contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09au86.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.

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Molatakgosi, Goitsemodimo. "Impact of infield irrigation management by Botswana cabbage farmers on soil salinity." Thesis, Cranfield University, Cranfield University at Silsoe, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1224.

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Some vegetable farmers in the semi- arid Botswana are struggling or closing down their enterprises citing the cost of irrigation and salty water as the problem. Irrigation with water from the salt-laden underground water is known to be the main sources of salts for arid and semi-arid agricultural land. Crops grown in saline environments show symptoms similar to those shown by drought-affected crops hence more irrigation is needed therefore increasing the irrigation cost. Research from other semi arid areas shows that water with high salinity levels can be used for irrigation without increasing soil salinity to values beyond critical levels. A lot of studies have been done which show that the impacts of saline irrigation water depend on the irrigation management. This study therefore aims at recommending infield irrigation management practices to be used by cabbage farmers in Botswana without increase in soil salinity to levels that will affect crop yield. A survey was conducted to identify the infield irrigation management practices presently used by cabbage farmers in Botswana. Rootzone salinity trend due to the identified infield irrigation management was simulated for 20 years using WaSim simulation model. Recommendations on irrigation management practices were made for those soil salinity trends that reached critical levels. It was realised that there are no common infield irrigation management used by farmers. The way farmers manage infield irrigation could not be identified with the factors involved in irrigation scheduling. Infield irrigation management by the farmers contribute to the soil salinity increase in their fields and some of the farmers are already using saline soils. Most farmers are not aware of the saline conditions they are farming on and those who know do not know about the soil salinity measures. The study recommends a need to educate farmers on irrigation under saline environments and also a need for farmers to include soil salinity control in their irrigation planning.

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Muleba, Jean Leon Isidore Ntendesha. "Factors influencing the success of small-scale irrigation farmers in Nkomazi (Mpumalanga)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24897.

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The purpose of the study was to identify the main factors influencing the small-scale production of sugar cane in Nkomazi, Mupumalanga province. The study assesses the influence of some selected personal and environmental, and intervening factors on the adoption of recommended agricultural practices and farming success or production efficiency of small-scale sugar cane growers. A total of 139farmers were randomly drawn from two distinct districts of Komatipoort and Malelane in Nkomazi, which represented a `10% stratified sample. In the analysis of data, correlation, chi-square analysis, as well as multiple regressions analysis were used in order to identify the most important determinants associated with behavioural change and to calculate their contribution to the variance of farming success. The results indicate that, the intervening variables tended to have the highest prediction value. They were found to explain 87,13% of the variance of behaviour associated with the production efficiency, while the independent variables had R2 of 0.50 thus contributing significantly less to the variance of farming success. Amongst the intervening variables, needs and knowledge were found to have the greatest effect on the farming success or dependent variables (P<0,0001). These findings imply that managerial skills or farming success of small-scale sugar cane farmers in Nkomazi is dependent on intervening variables. The intervening variables are the best prediction of decision making, practices adoption behaviour and farming success, so that they should be the focus of extension programs, and also the criteria for monitoring.
Dissertation (MSc (Agricultural Extention))--University of Pretoria, 2003.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted

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Nowata, Matsoba Sandile Jethro. "Farmers perspectives towards the rehabilitation and subsequent interventions by the LDA in the irrigation schemes in Sekhukhune District." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1293.

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Thesis (M.Sc (Agriculture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014
Small-scale irrigation farming has been found to have potential to improve agricultural production of the small-scale farmers and thereby improving their livelihoods. The Government of South Africa through the RESIS programme embarked on a project to increase agricultural production through investment in new or existing small scale irrigation schemes. Contrary to expectations, most of the government supported irrigation schemes have failed to meet the expectations of both government and farmers. The objectives of this study was to determine the perceived reasons for the failure of the irrigation schemes and determine the association between socio-economic characteristic of farmers and the perceived reasons for these schemes. Farmers who participated in the scheme or had participated (in the case of failed/dysfunctional schemes) in the RESIS irrigation schemes were randomly sampled and interviewed. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine the association between farmers’ socio-economic profiles and their perceptions on the reasons for the failure of the schemes. According to farmers’ ranking, economic, competition and socio-cultural factors were perceived as having a large influence on the success of the schemes. Climate/ecological and technological factors were cited as having lesser influence on the success of the schemes. Socio-economic characteristics (literacy level, age, education level) of farmers and number of beneficiaries in a scheme had influence on how farmers perceive the influence of economic, competition, socio-cultural, technological, climate and administrative/management factors.. The strategic partnership model was generally found to encourage dependency and thus discouraging the sense of ownership. The findings revealed the importance of considering the socio-economic circumstances of farmers in future planning of the irrigation schemes to enhance the success of these schemes. The findings may also have implications for other government supported projects that involve communities with diverse needs and socio-economic profiles.

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Finiza, Tabisa Nomava. "Assessing farmers’ aspirations and goals to expand irrigation crop production from homestead gardens to irrigation plots in Mhlontlo Local Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016173.

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Most land is still state owned and is granted to users through traditional authorities. Even though the government has undertaken some programmes to reduce rural poverty and has initiated land reform programmes, improved service delivery and formed new water rights legislation in rural areas, the problem of low crop production still persists among South African farmers. The study was undertaken to identify different farmers’ aspirations and goals for expanding their crop production from homestead gardening to irrigation plots in Mhlontlo Local Municipality, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The central problem is that smallholder farmers are not expanding their scale of crop production even though they have access to natural capital which includes land and water. The broad objective of the study was to determine the aspirations and goals of farmers to expand irrigation crop production from homestead gardens to irrigation plots. The specific objectives of the study were to assess factors that addressed smallholder farmers’ aspirations and goals to expand crop production, to identify challenges that smallholder farmers encountered in expanding from homestead gardens to irrigation plots and to determine the current state of homestead gardens and irrigation plots. A list of 20 goals were identified from the field survey with 54 homestead food gardeners and 50 smallholder irrigation farmers in the different villages of the Mhlontlo Local Municipality. Random sampling was used to select the farmers who were asked to score the identified farm enterprise goals in terms of their relative importance. The goals were categorised into five factors using Gasson goal ranking methods which ranked goals on the basis of intrinsic, expressive, instrumental, and social criteria. The next step was to determine the standard deviations and means of the ranked goals. Descriptive statistics was then used to profile the farmers according to such factors as age, gender, years of farm experience, types of plot, the availability of water and land for crop production, the income farmers generate from the sale of crops produced and these are cross-tabulated with their goal rankings. The Logit model was used to estimate the probability that farmers would belong to a particular goal ranking and performance category. The logit model was also used to identify the factors that influence the expansion of the cropped area. The results revealed that maize production and land size where significant at 1%. Age and type of irrigation used were also positively significant at 1%. The results also revealed that the adoption of agricultural technology by smallholder irrigation farmers and homestead food gardens contributed to better quality produce.

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Jafary, Forough. "Participatory modelling platform for groundwater irrigation management with local farmers in Iran (Kashan)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6809/.

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This thesis develops a participatory modelling process to study improvement in the management of irrigation efficiency, including physical and social dimensions in the context of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. This study develops an interdisciplinary and participatory method to understand and strengthen collective decision-making in local Iranian farming systems. Specific attention is given to groundwater irrigated agricultural practices under the Iranian governance system to provide wider context. Kashan City, in central Iran is selected as a case study area for specific reasons, such as historical water use, the farmers’ rich indigenous knowledge, and successful agricultural practices under conditions of water scarcity. The accessibility and willingness of local farmers to engage in a participatory modelling process are considered. The thesis suggests the first use of role-play simulation for irrigation management practices in Iran, is an effective and insightful method of achieving adaptive management solutions. The application of an innovative participatory simulation modelling with farmers revealed their main incentives for collective irrigation practices, their capabilities to learn and evaluate the system. It is argued that management decisions have major impacts on farmers’ livelihoods and therefore it is essential to integrate farmers’ perspectives in local governance to sustain agricultural productivity.

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Books on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Maloney, Clarence. Managing irrigation together: Practice and policy in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.

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Technical efficiency of rice farmers in northern Ghana. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 2008.

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Saleh, Abul Fazal M. Opportunities of water saving and cost reduction in irrigated boro rice at farmers' level: Final report. [Dhaka]: Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET in collaboration with Institute of Water Modelling, 2009.

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David, Hall. The attitudes and socio-economic conditions of irrigation scheme members: The results of a survey conducted for the Small Scale Irrigated Vegetable Project. Maseru [Lesotho]: Sechaba Consultants, 1990.

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G, Jopillo Sylvia Ma. Partnership in irrigation: Farmers and government in agency-managed systems. Quezon City: Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo de Manila University, 1988.

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Johnson, Sam H. Can farmers afford to use the irrigation wells after turnover?: A study of pump irrigation turnover in Indonesia. [Colombo]: Program on Local Management, International Irrigation Management Institute, 1993.

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Sadangi, Amitabha. Developing irrigation options for small farmers: Harnessing the potential of the poor. New Delhi: International Development Enterprises (India), 2005.

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Council, Population, ed. The Kano River Irrigation Project. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1985.

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Sijali, Isaya V. Drip irrigation: Options for smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Regional Land Management Unit, 2001.

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Orr, Alastair. The Treadle pump: Manual of irrigation for small farmers in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Al-Zaidi, Abdullah Awad, Mirza B. Baig, Elhag Ahmed Elhag, and Mohammed Bin Abdullah Al-Juhani. "Farmers’ Attitude Toward the Traditional and Modern Irrigation." In Science, Policy and Politics of Modern Agricultural System, 109–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7957-0_8.

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Horst, Lucas. "3. Intervention in irrigation water division in Bali, Indonesia: a case of farmers’ circumvention of modern technology." In Crops, People and Irrigation, 34–52. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444727.003.

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Dumba, Hillary, Jones Abrefa Danquah, and Ari Pappinen. "Rural Farmers’ Approach to Drought Adaptation: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1033–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_29.

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AbstractSub-Saharan Africa is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change-related disasters particularly drought. Farmers in Ghana have learnt to co-exist with it by resorting to various approaches. This study sheds light on farmers’ adaptation to drought in Ghana. The cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a random sample of 326 farmers and six purposively selected lead farmers from six farming communities. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed a significant variation between locations and use of drought adaptation approaches. The study showed that the most common drought adaptation measures comprise locating farms on riverine areas, drought monitoring, formation of farm-based organizations for dissemination of climate information, application of agro-chemicals, changing planting dates, cultivating different crops, integrating crop and livestock production, changing the location of crops, diversifying from farm to non-farm income-generating activities, and cultivation of early maturing crops. Therefore, it was recommended, among other things, that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should assist the government to construct small-scale irrigation facilities and provide drought-resistant crops to further boost the capacity of farming communities in Ghana.

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Stöber, Silke, Caroline Moraza, Lucas Zahl, and Esther Kagai. "Low-Tech Irrigation Strategies for Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Kenya." In Rainwater-Smart Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, 215–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66239-8_12.

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Temba, Pontian L., Noah M. Pauline, and Patrick M. Ndaki. "Living and responding to climate variability and change among coffee and banana farmers in the highlands of Moshi rural district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 9–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0009.

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Abstract The study aimed at exploring perceived impacts of climate variability on coffee and banana farming and community responses in the highlands of Moshi Rural District. A socio-economic survey employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. SPSS Statistics software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data processing and analysis. Findings showed that communities are knowledgeable about climate variability. Their knowledge is based on perceptions of the impacts already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability is associated with decrease in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar and drying of water sources for irrigation and domestic use. Coffee yields showed a decreasing trend (at the rate of R² = -0.494) during the years 1990-2016. This was contrary to bananas, which indicated an increasing trend (R² = 0.036) of production during the same period. Communities were responding to impacts of climate variability in various ways, including intercropping, planting early maturing and drought-resistant varieties and gravity canal irrigation. Projected climate changes showed that the future was uncertain for farmers depending on rain-fed farming. Therefore, further research on viable options would help farmers adapt to current and future climatic stresses. Options may include intensified irrigation of crops and conservation farming which have the potential to increase banana and coffee production, thereby improving productivity and food security for communities.

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Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, S. A., and T. A. Abdulbaki. "Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Among Cereal Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 509–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_228.

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AbstractAgriculture is the art and science of food production which spans soil cultivation, crop growing, and livestock rearing. Over the years, it has served as a means of employment and accounts for more than one-third of total gross domestic product. Cereals, which include rice, maize, and sorghum, are the major dietary energy suppliers and they provide significant amounts of protein, minerals (potassium and calcium), and vitamins (vitamin A and C). The growth and good yield of cereal crop can be greatly influenced by elements of weather and climate such as temperature, sunlight, and relative humidity. While climate determines the choice of what plant to cultivate and how to cultivate, it has been undoubtedly identified as one of the fundamental factors that determine both crop cultivation and livestock keeping. The chapter, though theoretical, adopted Kwara State, Nigeria, as the focus due to favorable weather conditions that support grains production. It was observed that the effect of climate change on cereal production includes: drastic reduction in grains production, reduction in farmers’ profit level, increment in cost during production, diversification to nonfarming activities, and discouragement of youth from participating in agricultural activities. Also, the adopted coping strategies employed by farmers in the focus site were early planting, planting of improved variety, irrigation activities, alternates crop rotation, and cultivation of more agricultural areas. The chapter thus concluded that climate change has negative impact on cereals production and recommends that government should provide communal irrigation facilities that will cushion the effect of low rains on farmers’ productivity, while early planting and cultivation of drought-resistant cultivars should be encouraged.

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Abou, Salé, Madi Ali, Anselme Wakponou, and Armel Sambo. "Sorghum Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Semiarid Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_41.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with the problem of sorghum farmers’ adaptation to climate change in the semiarid region of Cameroon. Its general objective is to compare the various adaptation strategies’ typologies and to characterize the sorghum farmers’ adaptation strategies on the basis of the suitable one. The stratified random sampling method was used to select the sites, which consist of twenty (20) villages, and the sample, which consists of six hundred (600) farm household heads. After conducting focus-groups in ten villages and interviews with resource persons, the primary data were collected using a semi-open survey questionnaire. It appears that the poor spatiotemporal distribution of rains and the drought constitute, respectively, the main climate hazard and the main water risk that farmers are dealing with; the farmers are vulnerable to climate change because the adaptation strategies used are mostly traditional, their adoption rates are very low, and the use of efficient adaptation strategies (irrigation, improved crop varieties) is almost unknown. The characterization of the adaptation strategies used shows that they are more complex than most authors who have established the typologies thought. It comes out that improving the resilience of these sorghum farmers absolutely requires the improvement of their basic socioeconomic conditions.

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Amadhila, Elina M., and Sylvanus Ikhide. "Identifying the Gap Between the Demand and Supply of Agricultural Finance Among Irrigation Farmers in Namibia." In The Palgrave Handbook of Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa, 263–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41513-6_13.

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van Koppen, Barbara, R. Parthasarathy, and Constantina Safiliou. "Poor Farmers’ Inclusion in Participatory Irrigation Management in Large-Scale Canal Systems in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, India." In Water Development and Poverty Reduction, 129–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0423-8_8.

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Najjar, D., B. Dhehibi, B. Baruah, A. Aw-Hassan, and A. Bentaibi. "Climate-induced migration, women and decision making power in the agricultural wage sector in Saiss, Morocco." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 185–95. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0014.

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Abstract This chapter examines the gendered effects of drought-induced migration in rural Morocco for settler migrants and farmers who stay behind in sending communities. Due to state investments in irrigation, the Saiss plains of Morocco are experiencing rural-rural migration as an adaptive strategy for many who are escaping climate change and unemployment, to take advantage of labor opportunities in agricultural sectors elsewhere. The well-being and decision making power of male and female migrants in receiving communities (Betit and Sidi Slimane) and women staying behind in sending communities (Ain Jemaa) are examined. The chapter begins with a literature review on decision making power, gender, migration, and work in rural areas. Following this, the case study characteristics are presented, which detail how climate change is fueling migration, gender norms in host and sending communities, as well as the gender dynamics in accessing economic opportunities and decision making power. The chapter ends with recommendations to strengthen the women's decision making power as migration continues, with a focus on strengthening landed property ownership for women.

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Conference papers on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Veettil, P. Chellattan, A. Frija, S. Speelman, J. Buysse, and G. van Huylenbroeck. "Farmers’ preferences for irrigation water demand management tools: a Bayesian analysis of choice behaviour of farmers in Krishna river basin, India." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si100031.

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Sangster, Nadine, Aneil Ramkhalawan, Aatma Maharajh, Jorrel Bisnath, Edward Cumberbatch, Ronnie Bickramdass, David Edwards, and Prakash Persad. "SMART IRRIGATION ESTIMATOR." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/fsnx6661.

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Many of the agricultural plots within Trinidad and Tobago remain in a state of dormancy due to a critical lack of infrastructure needed for their development. This has contributed to the increasing food import bill which was some TT$5.6 billion over the last couple of years. This overall crop irrigation project aims at assisting the farmers in setting up a proper infrastructure that will utilize natural resources. The lack of pipe water will be substituted by rainwater capture, storage and distribution via drip irrigation. The lack of power for water distribution by irrigation will be obtained by the use of solar power for the pumps. The project will be done in phases. This phase involved at creating a smart estimator to determine the water requirement and the planting land area for the 2-acre plot when the number of plants, type of plants, and the month in which the farmer chooses to start planting are chosen. It will estimate the water storage volume required for the various crops chosen based on the rainfall patterns, crop cycle and the crop water requirement. These output estimates will be based on the land area input, estimated water storage size, estimated tool shed size and produce storage area, and the type or types of crops chosen to farm by the farmer for the plot. The input parameters in the estimator can then be varied by the farmer, to help find an estimated or optimum balance of the number and type of crops, the planting land area, and the water captured and stored, based on the rainfall patterns and the unused land area. The outputs required can be similarly obtained through the use of existing models and software packages, but the tools are not ‘Farmer User Friendly and readily available’.

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Balarane, A., and O. I. Oladele. "The impact of irrigation farming on livelihood strategies among smallholder farmers in the North West Province, South Africa." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si140201.

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Grant, Fiona, Carolyn Sheline, Susan Amrose, Elizabeth Brownell, Vinay Nangia, Samer Talozi, and Amos Winter. "Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22610.

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Abstract Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield. This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world’s estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population. Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system. Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions. Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption. This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irrigation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software. Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season. Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model. In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model. These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user’s irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.

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Taylor, Katherine A., Pulkit Shamshery, Ruo-Qian Wang, and Amos G. Winter. "A Mathematical Model for Pressure Compensating Emitters." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47519.

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This paper presents a mathematical model investigating the physics behind pressure-compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters. A network of PC emitters, commonly known as drip irrigation, is an efficient way to deliver water to crops while increasing yield. Irrigation can provide a means for farmer to grow more sensitive, and profitable crops and help billions of small-holder farmers lift themselves out of poverty. Making drip irrigation accessible and economically viable is important for developing farmers as most face the challenges of water scarcity, declining water tables and lack of access to an electrical grid. One of the main reasons for the low adoption rate of drip irrigation in the developing world is the relatively high cost of the pumping power. It is possible to reduce this cost by reducing the required activation pressure of the emitters, while maintaining the PC behavior. The work presented here provides a guide of how design changes in the emitter could allow for a reduction in the activation pressure from 1 bar to approximately 0.1 bar. This decrease in the activation pressure of each emitter in turn decreases the system driving pressure. This reduction of driving pressure will decrease the energy need of pumping, making a solar-powered system affordable for small-acreage farmers. This paper develops a mathematical model to describe the PC behavior in a commercially available emitter. It is a 2D model that explains the relationship between the pressure, structural deformation and fluid flow within a PC emitter. A parametric study has been performed to understand the effects of geometric and material parameters with regards to the activation pressure and PC behavior. This knowledge will help guide the designs and prototypes of optimized emitters with a lower activation pressure, while also providing the PC behavior.

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Sokol, Julia, Fiona Grant, Carolyn Sheline, and Amos Winter. "Development of a System Model for Low-Cost, Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems in the MENA Region." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86297.

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Drip irrigation has the potential to conserve water and increase crop yields. However, existing drip irrigation systems often require high pumping power, making them financially inaccessible to smallholder farmers. Integrating a holistic system model with a cost-optimization scheme can enable the design and implementation of low-cost, solar-powered drip irrigations systems, ultimately making this technology more cost-effective for smallholder farmers. This paper describes the algorithms comprising an integrated model of solar-powered drip irrigation systems, consisting of agronomic, hydraulic, pump, and power system modules. It also introduces a preliminary optimization scheme for the power system, which uses the system hydraulics and pump curve to select an optimal solar array and energy storage configuration that minimizes capital cost. The system model and power system optimization is applied to three case studies, and the resulting power system configurations are compared to outputs from commercially-available software for sizing solar pumping systems. The results show that the model successfully captures the nuances in crop type, local weather patterns, and hydraulic system layout between different cases. This offers a greater level of flexibility than commercially available software, which tends to have broader applications and focuses on larger systems. Future model generations will add more variables to the optimization scheme — including pump selection, variable emitter flow rates and pipe geometries — to provide a versatile design tool for cost-optimized, solar-powered drip irrigation systems.

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Soomro, Mohsin Ali, and Tania Ali Soomro. "Attributes of farmers’ willingness in participatory irrigation infrastructure management." In Creative Construction Conference 2018. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ccc2018-043.

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Engelkemier, Seiji, Fiona Grant, Jordan Landis, Carolyn Sheline, Hannah Varner, Rebecca E. Zubajlo, Julia Sokol, and Amos Winter. "Feasibility of Pairing a Low-Cost Positive Displacement Pump With Low-Energy Pressure Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters for Smallholder Farms in Africa." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98128.

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Abstract In low income countries, existing drip irrigation systems are cost prohibitive to many smallholder farmers. Companies are working to develop efficient, low-cost irrigation systems by using technologies such as positive displacement (PD) pumps and pressure compensating (PC) emitters. However, these two technologies have not been paired in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Here we describe a proof-of-concept pump control algorithm that demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting the physical relationship between the input electrical power to a PD pump and the hydraulic behavior of a system of PC emitters in order to determine the optimal pump operating point. The development and validation of this control algorithm was conducted in partnership with the Kenya-based irrigation company SunCulture. This control method is expected to reduce cost, improve system efficiency, and increase accessibility of irrigation systems to smallholder farmers.

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Wiens, A. Josh, and Amos G. Winter. "A Novel Pressure Compensating Valve for Low-Cost Drip Irrigation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35131.

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This paper presents a novel pressure-compensating flow restrictor for low-cost/low-pressure drip irrigation systems. There are nearly one billion subsistence farmers in the developing world who lack the resources and opportunities to rise out of poverty. Irrigation is an effective development strategy for this population, enabling farmers to increase crop yields and grow more lucrative plant varieties. Unfortunately, as a large fraction of subsistence farmers live off the electrical grid, the capital cost of solar or diesel powered irrigation systems makes them unobtainable. This cost could be drastically reduced by altering drip irrigation systems to operate at a decreased pressure such that lower pumping power is required. The work presented here aims to accomplish this by designing a drip emitter that operates at 0.1 bar, 1/10 the pressure of current products, while also providing pressure-compensation to uniformly distribute flow over a field. Our proposed pressure compensating solution is inspired by the resonating nozzle of a deflating balloon. First, a reduced order model is developed to understand the physical principles which drive the cyclic collapse of the balloon nozzle. We then apply this understanding to propose a pressure compensating emitter consisting of compliant tube in series with a rigid diffuser. A scaling analysis is performed to determine the ideal geometry of the system and the reduced order model is applied to demonstrate that the proposed design is capable of pressure compensation in the required operation range. Preliminary experiments demonstrating the collapse effect are presented, along with initial work to translate the concept to a robust physical device.

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Enescu, Florentina Magda, Nicu Bizon, and Valeriu Manuel Ionescu. "Use of Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems of small farmers' association." In 2019 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai46879.2019.9042020.

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Reports on the topic "Irrigation farmers"

Schattman, Rachel, and Joshua Faulkner. How much is enough? Dialing in irrigation on Northeast diversified vegetable farms. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.6848335.ch.

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Vermillion, D. Turning over irrigation systems from the government of Indonesia to farmers. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.004.

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Alemu, Dawit, and Tirhas Kinfe. Responses of Rice Farmers Engaged in Vegetable Production: Implications of the Collapse of Vegetable Prices in the Fogera Plain. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.017.

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Since the early 1980s, the Fogera Plain has been one of Ethiopia's major rice production areas. The introduction of rice, its commercialisation and the subsequent increased surplus production has led to the ability of smallholder rice farmers to intensify their production through diverse investments, mainly in supplementary irrigation. This has also enabled rice farmers to diversify crop production, mainly during the off-season, through the production of high-value crops like vegetables. Despite this expansion, a recent visit to the Fogera Plain by the authors revealed that most smallholder rice farmers were not able to sell their onions due to the collapse of local markets. To investigate this collapse further, this paper follows the authors' investigation of farmer investments in producing onion, their responses to the collapse of the onion market, and the implications for rural livelihood improvement within the Fogera Plain.

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Pradhan, N. C. Improving irrigation system management through farmer-to-farmer training. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.013.

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Khan, A. H., A. Majid, and M. H. Hussein. Farmer-managed irrigation systems in Chitral. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.028.

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Salazar, Lina, Ana Claudia Palacios, Michael Selvaraj, and Frank Montenegro. Using Satellite Images to Measure Crop Productivity: Long-Term Impact Assessment of a Randomized Technology Adoption Program in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003604.

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This study combines three rounds of surveys with remote sensing to measure long-term impacts of a randomized irrigation program in the Dominican Republic. Specifically, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite images are used to measure the causal effects of the program on agricultural productivity, measured through vegetation indices (NDVI and OSAVI). To this end, 377 plots were analyzed (129 treated and 248 controls) for the period from 2011 to 2019. Following a Differencein-Differences (DD) and Event study methodology, the results confirmed that program beneficiaries have higher vegetation indices, and therefore experienced a higher productivity throughout the post-treatment period. Also, there is some evidence of spillover effects to neighboring farmers. Furthermore, the Event Study model shows that productivity impacts are obtained in the third year after the adoption takes place. These findings suggest that adoption of irrigation technologies can be a long and complex process that requires time to generate productivity impacts. In a more general sense, this study reveals the great potential that exists in combining field data with remote sensing information to assess long-term impacts of agricultural programs on agricultural productivity.

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Water Management Institute (IWMI), International. Driving sustainable irrigation through farmer empowerment in Nepal. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.043.

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Schattman, Rachel. How much is enough? : dialing in irrigation on Northeast Diversified Vegetable Farms. Northeast Climate Hub, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/ch.2019.00001.

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Knight, Lynn, and Suzy Hodgson. Irrigation Pays in Protecting Vegetable Crop Revenues in the Northeast U.S. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956538.ch.

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Climate records show that the Northeast is experiencing more rainfall. However, much of the additional precipitation is occurring as heavy events, leaving intervening periods of hot and dry weather. With this extreme and variable wet weather taking its toll on farms, a key question is: Does crop irrigation make sense as a farm resilience strategy given_name the overall increased precipitation in the Northeast?

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Agronomic performance and farmer preferences for biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties in Zimbabwe. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605669.

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This report summarizes the findings of a study carried out to evaluate the agronomic performance and sensory acceptance by small holder farmers of six biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties that were first introduced from CIP’s sweetpotato breeding hub for Southern Africa in Mozambique. The study was participatory and carried out under different agroecological environments in Zimbabwe. The six OFSP varieties, namely Alisha, Victoria, Delvia, Sumaia, Namanga and Irene were planted in the 2019/20 agricultural season along with two non-biofortified white-fleshed local varieties, namely Chingova and German II, at seven DR&SS research stations (Kadoma, Marondera, Harare, Henderson, Gwebi, Makoholi and Panmure) and 120 farmer managed on-farm trial sites in 12 LFSP districts of Bindura, Gokwe North, Gokwe South, Guruve, Kwekwe, Makoni, Mazowe, Mount Darwin, Mutasa, Mutare, Shurugwi and Zvimba. At all but one of the research stations, two trials were set up, one under irrigation and the other under rain-fed conditions. On-farm trials were established following the Mother-Baby Trial approach with 2 mother trials and 8 baby trials per district. In each of the districts, one mother trial was planted under irrigation while the other was rain-fed. All the baby trials were rain-fed.

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