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Journal articles on the topic 'Irrigation farmers'
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1
Phali, Lerato, Maxwell Mudhara, Stuart Ferrer, and Godswill Makombe. "Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in the Management of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 6(J) (February 9, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i6(j).3121.
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Participatory Irrigation Management is an important concept in the management of water resources. It fosters collective responsibility and rule compliance, the lack of which creates a weak environment for sustainable water use. This study adopted Principal Components Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the determinants of farmer’s participation in the management of four smallholder irrigations schemes in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The selected schemes, Ndumo, Makhathini Flats, Mooi River and Tugela Ferry, are representative of the general management and farmer activities in smallholder irrigation schemes in the country. The study considered household data from 341 irrigators and found that those who participated in regulation and control management activities of SIS also participate in information sharing activities. The results show that agricultural training, land tenure security, credit access and co-operative membership positively influence farmers’ participation in decision making. Additionally, irrigation water adequacy positively influences farmer’s participation in making financial contributions in the schemes. The study recommends that better land agreements that, would improve the security of tenure should be put in place to foster farmer participation. Farmers should receive agricultural and irrigation training to increase the likelihood of participating in the management of irrigation schemes.
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Aslan, Nihan Körpe, and Murat Tekiner. "Assessment of Irrigation Practices of Farmers Receiving Water from Open-Canal and Piped Irrigation Networks." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.1066-1071.1218.
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Open-canal irrigation networks have been transformed into closed-piped networks. Drip irrigation is the most common method used irrigations in Çanakkale province. The aim of study is to assess irrigation practices of farmers using different irrigation networks. There were not significant differences in irrigation practices of the farmers receiving water from both networks, but all were making mistakes and unconscious in their practices. An optimum schedule was also prepared to compare with farmer practices. While a farmer growing tomato in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 531 mm irrigation water as seasonal total, present farmer applied 1414 mm water; while a farmer growing tomato in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply a total of 457 mm, present farmer applied 492 mm irrigation water; while a farmer growing maize in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 512 mm, the present farmer applied 975 mm; finally a farmer growing maize in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply 379 mm water, the present farmer applied 228 mm irrigation water throughout the entire growing season. Irrigation water efficiency (IWUE) values indicating the effects of irrigation water quantities on yields were calculated as 2.5 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Kumkale; 12.3 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 0.7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Kumkale and 8,7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Mahmudiye village. Relative irrigation supply (RIS) values indicating how efficiently the precipitations were used were calculated as 2.98 for tomato culture in Kumkale; 1.41 for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 2.40 for maize culture in Kumkale and 0.85 for maize culture in Mahmudiye village.
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Kiprop, Jonah, Kelvin Mulungu, Noah Kibet, and Antony Macharia. "Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Irrigation Water in Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n2p135.
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Food security is the major outcome of irrigation development activities. However, this cannot be achieved without sustainable water resources management. With the increasing budgetary constraints in many developing countries, governments have recognized the need to delegate irrigation scheme management to Irrigation Water Users’ Associations (IWUA’s) as much as possible. Despite the majority of these associations being operational, the major challenge has been poor performance due to inadequate farmer participation. This study examines the factors which influence farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water in a smallholder irrigation scheme in Kerio Valley Basin, Kenya. Using a multi-stage sampling method, a representative sample of 216 smallholder farmers from the Basin were interviewed. Results show that education level, access to training on irrigation, participation in construction of the irrigation system, crop income from irrigation and membership in IWUA significantly and positively influence farmers’ decisions to pay for irrigation water. Distance to the water source reduces the willingness to pay for irrigation water. Differential pricing based on income levels of farmers, rather than uniform pricing is recommended. We further recommend formulation of policies to train farmers in water management and to support farmer participation in IWUA’s.
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Tan, Yongfeng, Lu Qian, Apurbo Sarkar, Zhanar Nurgazina, and Uzair Ali. "Farmer’s adoption tendency towards drought shock, risk-taking networks and modern irrigation technology: evidence from Zhangye, Gansu, PRC." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-11-2019-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure Farmer’s adoption tendency towards drought shock, risk-taking networks and modern irrigation technology. Design/methodology/approach Based on this assumption, this paper evaluated the data gathered from 498 household surveys of Zhangye, Gansu province, PRC, by using the binary probit model. First, the empirical data was analyzed for evaluating the impact of drought shock and risk-taking tendencies on the adoption of modern irrigation technology by farmers. Second, the authors introduced informal risk-bearing networks with formal risks. Final, based on the empirical results, the sustainability test, along with the marginal effect analysis and the degree of impact was carried out. Findings The results show that the drought shock has a significantly deferent effect on the modern irrigation technology of the farmers. The probability of using technology for each level of drought loss is reduced by 15.02%. The risk-taking network has a significant role in promoting the modern irrigation technology of farmers. The probability of adoption for each additional unit of rural household labor security supply, the likelihood of adoption by farmers increased 23.11%, the probability of approval for each level of relative support, and neighborhood assistance by farmers increased by 13.11% and 17.88% respectively. This study further revealed that insurance purchases enabled farmers to adopt new irrigation technology with the probability increased by 24.99%; easily available bank loans increased the probability of farmers using irrigation technology by 31.89%. From the perspective of interactions between farmers, the risk-taking network can alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought impact towards the adoption of irrigation technology. Among the control variables, the number of years of education, the age of farming, the degree of arable land, the distance from home to the market, and the price of water all has significant effects on the adoption of modern irrigation technology by farmers. Originality/value The novelty of the study is that it illustrated the interactive influence of drought shock and risk-taking networks on the farmer’s adoption tendencies of modern irrigation technologies, the inner relationship among drought impact, the risk-taking network and the farmer’s adoption behavior and provide an interactive relationship between the formal risk-taking network and the non-risk-taking network in farmer’s technology adoption.
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Osewe, Maurice, Aijun Liu, and Tim Njagi. "Farmer-Led Irrigation and Its Impacts on Smallholder Farmers’ Crop Income: Evidence from Southern Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051512.
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Irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa are mostly unsustainable because of lack of maintenance by their users or government planners. By contrast, evidence shows that the smallholder farmers are developing and expanding the irrigated land, using their initiatives. Farmer-led irrigation, a revolutionary agricultural intensification approach, is already in progress with the magnitude to significantly transform the living standards of smallholder farmers. However, a rigorous assessment of its impact on household welfare to ascertain this is lacking. This paper bridges this gap by assessing factors influencing the adoption of this particular approach as well as its effects on the farmers’ per capita net crop income. Our data set consists of 608 smallholder farmers in Southern Tanzania and used propensity score matching to estimate the effects of adoption on the per capita net crop income. Our results indicate that the uptake of farmer-led irrigation practices is influenced by drought experience, water user group membership, farmer organization membership, and government extension, as well as the sex of the household head. Further, there was a positive and significant effect on the adopters’ per capita net crop income, thus encouraging the need to promote farmer-led irrigation as a complement to externally promoted innovations in achieving sustainable food security. This study, therefore, recommends that the government should support the farmers’ initiative by improving roads, removing market barriers, and helping farmers who have not yet taken up the initiative. Also, the government should enact regulations to make sure farmer-led irrigation initiatives do not harm the eco-environment such as protecting domestic water users. Finally, the government should leverage microservices to the farmers such as promoting affordable and appropriate credit facilities. It is necessary to continue pursuing this vein of research to gain information regarding the definite impact of the farmer-led irrigation on household welfare.
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Nurkhaida, Risqa, Adang Hamdani, Ahmad Suriadi, and Nani Heryani. "Increasing rice productivity and profitability through irrigation water management and bio-fertilizer in West Nusa Tenggara." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604012.
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Limited water resources in dry land area become a crucial factor in crop production. The research aims were to determine the effect of irrigation network arrangement and application of biofertilizer on rice productivity, and the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure to increase farmers’ income. The study was conducted in Mbawa Village, Donggo District, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. In addition to repairing irrigation network, five different cultivation practices were applied, i.e. (1) farmer’s practice with integrated crop management, (2) farmer’s practices added with biofertilizers, (3) Recommended dosage fertilization, (4) Recommended dosage fertilization added with biofertilizer, and (5) farmer’s practices as control. Farming analysis was carried out by calculating farm cash flow, while the feasibility of developing irrigation infrastructure was carried out by calculating IRR, NPV and Net BCR. The results showed that application of biofertilizer increased the production of straw and rice yields. Farming and financial analysis of irrigation infrastructure showed that irrigation infrastructure investment was feasible to develop with a relatively fast return on capital and can increase farmers’ income. Through improved irrigation infrastructure, the use of biological fertilizers, and proper irrigation water management can increase rice productivity and farmers’ income.
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Tan, Yongfeng, Apurbo Sarkar, Airin Rahman, Lu Qian, Waqar Hussain Memon, and Zharkyn Magzhan. "Does External Shock Influence Farmer’s Adoption of Modern Irrigation Technology?—A Case of Gansu Province, China." Land 10, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080882.
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Due to the severe irrigational water scarcity and ever-growing contamination of existing water resources, the potential of improved and innovative irrigation technology has emerged. The risk-taking network may play an essential role in the adoption of modern irrigation technology (MIT). The main goals of the current study were to find the impacts of external shocks on MIT adoption by farmers. For doing so, the study analyzed the mediating effect of economic vulnerability (EV) and the moderating effect of the risk-taking network on farmer’s adaptation of MIT. Economic vulnerability of farmers refers to risks caused by external shocks to the farming system which may affect the farmer’s adoption of MIT. The empirical set-up of the study consists of micro survey data of 509 farmers from the Gansu Province of China. The results show that the external shock has a significant negative impact on adapting MIT by rural farmers. At the same time, EV plays an intermediary effect in increasing the impact of external irrigation on the adaptation of MIT. The intermediary to total effect is 36.57%. The risk-taking network has a moderate effect on the relationship between external shocks, affecting farmers to adopt MIT, while external shocks also increase EV which affects farmers’ adopting MIT. Thus, it can be said that the risk-taking network regulates the direct path of external shocks affecting farmers’ choice to adapt to MIT, and external shocks also affect farmer’s MIT adaptation. The public and private partnerships should be strengthened to facilitate risk minimization. Government should provide subsidies, and financial organizations should also formulate more accessible loans and risk-sharing facilities. The government should expand the support for formal and informal risk-taking network. They should also extend their support for formal and informal risk-taking networks to improve the risk response-ability of vulnerable farmers. The concerned authorities should attach smallholder farmers’ socio-economic structure and reform the existing policies according to their demands. The governmental authorities should also endorse the risk-sharing function of informal institutions.
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Evariani, E. "Analisis Dampak Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Tersier Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v3i2.1108.
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The function of the irrigation is very important in agriculture system. Irrigation is utilized by farmers particularly rice farmers to irrigate and maintain the adequacy of water in their rice fields. Since the first of the irrigation system has developed, the different in quality and system managements still, Aceh Besar regency has an area of 31,998.0 Ha of rice fields and the land that have irrigation scope are 20,275 Ha. With the irrigation rehabilitation programs becoming more eficient in rice production and farmer’s income are increasing therefore the researce on the analysis of impact the rehabilitation of tertier irrigation on farmer’s income and an analysis of the breakeven point (BEP) in Aceh Besar regency conducted. This research was conducted with a purposive sampling method (deliberately) based on the consideration of farmers around the location of the study received support rehabilitation of irrigation tertiary fund budget for fiscal year 2016 for data analysis using quantitative approaches such as analysis of t test, R / C ratio and analysis of breakeven point.
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Kumnerdpet, Wachiraporn, and A. John Sinclair. "Implementing participatory irrigation management in Thailand." Water Policy 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.089.
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Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was formally adopted in Thailand in 2004. The involvement of farmers in water management decision making is necessary to meet the implementation challenges of this initiative. As such, the research presented in this paper considered the level of farmer involvement in water management and decision making, and the lessons learned by both government officials and farmers through the implementation of PIM in Thailand to date. Data collected from document reviews and a total of 44 semistructured face-to-face and telephone interviews of public irrigation officials and farmers nationwide show that farmers possess the full potential to manage irrigation water by themselves, and that they are making important changes to governance systems for irrigation. However, they need both the opportunity and the continuing supportof public irrigation officials for success, which is currently only being partly achieved through the PIM initiative.
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Pinel, Bertrand, and Marianne Moalic. "Twenty-two percent less water on maize with a new subscriber decision support tool." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.014.
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As a case study, this paper shows how a French cooperative seized on a new technology (capacitance sensors), tested it in real conditions (irrigation of maize in several Agronomic Department trial fields) and is now able to offer to its farmer members a subscriber decision support tool (DST) to increase water use efficiency. Thus, technical and scientific trials have been conducted with fourteen farmers over the last four years. Managing irrigation with capacitance probes has resulted in an increase in water efficiency: most of the time, there is a reduction in water supply (the average is 22% (range 4–44%) less water use than without the probes). Sometimes, only a yield increase is observed with the same water quantity (see 2010 trial – farmer 2). In 2012 Terrena conducted market research on 28 farmer members and 20 crop advisors. This showed that most farmers who irrigate do not use irrigation management tools. However with a tightening of regulations and an increase in irrigation costs, attitudes are changing. Thus, 12 farmers questioned, said they were ready to pay for an irrigation management service based on capacitance probes (continuous real time monitoring of soil moisture). It also showed that irrigation advice needs to take into account global irrigation system constraints (number of rollers, pump speed and the like). Farmers are ready to pay for an efficient irrigation management DST. So as to be ready for a 2013 launch, a DST soft-launch was set-up in 2012 on ten experimental farms. The usual working practices of irrigators cannot be expected to change overnight. However, this study shows how important is the farmers' involvement in the building of this service, coupled with that of their crop advisors. Because farmers were involved at the beginning of the DST creation process, it made it possible to convince all of them to use this tool in a more sustainable manner.
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Kallestad, Jeffery C., John G. Mexal, Theodore W. Sammis, and Richard Heerema. "Development of a Simple Irrigation Scheduling Calendar for Mesilla Valley Pecan Growers." HortTechnology 18, no. 4 (January 2008): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.4.714.
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For farmers to accurately schedule future water delivery for irrigations, a prediction method based on time-series measurements of soil moisture depletion and climate-based indicators of evaporative demand is needed. Yet, numerous reports indicate that field instruments requiring high in-season labor input are not likely to be used by farmers. In New Mexico, pecan (Carya illinoensis) farmers in the Mesilla Valley have been reluctant to adopt new soil-based or climate-based irrigation scheduling technologies. In response to low adoption rates, we have developed a simple, practical irrigation scheduling tool specifically for flood-irrigated pecan production. The information presented in the tool was derived using 14 years of archived climate data and model-simulated consumptive water use. Using this device, farmers can estimate the time interval between their previous and the next irrigation for any date in the growing season, in a range of representative soil types. An accompanying metric for extending irrigation intervals based on field-scale rainfall accumulation was also developed. In modeled simulations, irrigations scheduled with the tool while using the rainfall rule were within 3 days of the model-predicted irrigation dates in silty clay loam and loam soil, and less than 2 days in sandy loam and sand soil. The simulations also indicated that irrigations scheduled with the tool resulted in less than 1% reduction in maximum annual consumptive water use, and the overall averaged soil moisture depletion was 45.14% with an 18.1% cv, relative to a target management allowable depletion of 45%. Our long-term objective is that farmers using this tool will better understand the relationships between seasonal climate variation and irrigation scheduling, and will seek real-time evapotranspiration information currently available from local internet resources.
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Sharaunga, S., and M. Mudhara. "Factors influencing water-use security among smallholder irrigating farmers in Msinga, KwaZulu-Natal Province." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (March 10, 2016): 1209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.242.
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This study investigates the physical, socio-economic and institutional factors affecting water-use security among irrigating smallholder farmers in Msinga Local Municipality to recommend policy. Cluster analysis was used to classify farmers according to their water-use security status. The logit model was then used to investigate the socio-economic factors influencing farmers' water-use security status. It was found that the water-use security status of farmers was highly influenced by the irrigation scheme in which they were operating. Across the schemes, farmers in the head-end of the irrigation canal were more water-use secure than those in the tail-end. Older farmers and those with larger-sized farming land were more likely to be water-use secure. Those who had spent more years in the irrigation scheme and members of water users associations perceived themselves to be more water-use insecure. The poor monitoring and sanctioning, coupled with the ‘soft state’ environment, where unruly elements of society are not reprimanded, have failed agriculture in the survey areas as in most South African irrigation schemes. Thus, mere provision of water alone is not a sufficient condition for farmers to successfully farm on irrigation schemes. Instead, government supervision and law enforcement is also required to allow equitable access to water among irrigators.
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Fandika, Stirzaker, and Chipula. "Promoting Social Learning in Soil Water and Nutrients Management Using Farmer—Friendly Monitoring Technology." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036019.
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Soil water management is typically by trial and error among smallholder farmers. Social learning in the use of farmer—friendly soil-water and nutrients monitoring tools were promoted in Malawi to improve productivity. A simple tool (chameleon) which was designed to fit the mental model of African farmers and to give an output that is linked to action was deployed to 198 farmers in nine irrigation schemes. Chameleon illustrates information on soil moisture status by colours—blue, green and red colours representing adequate moisture, moderate and dry soil status, respectively. The use of colours and not numbers promoted inclusiveness across illiterate and all gender categories. Farmers participated in sensors’ installation, soil moisture measurement, data visualization and learning by doing to get insights from their participation. The chameleon was combined with an on-line communication and learning system to improve water management at scheme level. The results indicated that: (1) the tool gave farmers new frames of reference; (2) it improved farmers on time, labour and water saving by reducing irrigation intervals; (3) it gave farmers new reference of experience to change their irrigation traditions; (4) it also reduced conflict for water in irrigation schemes between users apart from improving water productivity. Use of these tools made a rigor that make scientists easily communicate science to lay farmer and initiated the movement of farmers who know how to manage water. Social learning in sensor technology helped to increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and shaping the science of the future.
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Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit, Priya Shyamsundar, and Mei Xie. "Transferring irrigation management to farmer's associations: Evidence from the Philippines." Water Policy 12, no. 3 (November 10, 2009): 444–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.111.
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Irrigation management transfer (IMT) is an important strategy among donors and governments that aims to strengthen farmer control over water and irrigation infrastructure. In this study, we use data from a survey of 68 irrigator associations (IAs) and 1020 farm households in the Philippines to examine the impact of IMT on irrigation association performance and on rice yields. We find that the presence of IMT is associated with an increase in maintenance activities undertaken by irrigation associations. While associations with and without IMT contracts undertake canal maintenance, the frequency of maintenance in IMT IAs is higher. IMT presence is also associated with an increase in farm yields by about 6%; rice production in IMT areas is higher even after we control for various differences amongst rice farmers in IMT and non-IMT areas. Finally, IMT may even give poorer farmers a small boost in terms of rice yields. We speculate that this boost may be a result of improved water delivery and better resolution of conflicts related to illegal use.
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Burton, Michael, Bethany Cooper, and Lin Crase. "Analysing Irrigation Farmers’ Preferences for Local Governance Using a Discrete Choice Experiment in India and Pakistan." Water 12, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061821.
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This paper reports the results of an investigation into the preferences of irrigation farmers for different payment apparatus for irrigation fees. We also report the results of a study that queried farmers’ preferred model for water governance at a local level. The results and analysis thus make an important contribution to the debate about how participatory irrigation might operate more effectively, especially in India and Pakistan. The rationale for this study is that aligning the payment mechanisms and local water governance more closely with farmer preferences is likely to reduce the barriers to accepting participatory irrigation and the requirement to pay water charges. To the knowledge of the authors, no other study has specifically addressed this issue by seeking direct feedback from farmers.
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Postel, Sandra, Paul Polak, Fernando Gonzales, and Jack Keller. "Drip Irrigation for Small Farmers." Water International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060108686882.
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Purwanto, Mohamad Yanuar Jawardi. "Penilaian Kebutuhan Petani atas Prasarana Usaha Tani pada Hamparan Sawah Beririgasi." Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.1.1.75-79.
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<pre>The reliable paddy field infrastructure required to boost agricultural production needs. These requirements should be planned as an opportunity increasing farmer’s income to alleviate poverty and to achieve food security in national level. Farm infrastructure covers farm road, irrigation, and drainage in the existing irrigated paddy field. The existing farm infrastructure only have limited farm road, unstable irrigation canal, and without proper drainage system. For the sustainability of irrigated existence of paddy field infrastructure the needs and level of technology needed to consider the farmers opinion, so they can improve the existing agricultural infrastructure. The purpose of this activity are to reviewing the farmers perceptions about the needs of farmers irrigation infrastructure on paddy field with the way do focus group discussion (FGD). By conducting FGD in the irrigated paddy fields, farmers in Cianjur agree to adopt facilities of farm infrastructure. The results showed that farmers need farm roads, irrigation pipes, and the arrangement of paddy fields to be more organized and easier to do activity of farming. To infrastructure development of farming, the farmers agreed to build farm roads by utilizing the existing chanel kuarter and changing the ground channels of quarter with irrigation pipes.</pre><p> </p>
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Heaney-Mustafa, Sandra, Francesco Sofo, Mukaddas Afzal, Zubair Anwar, Bareerah Fatima, and Faizan ul Hasan. "Bridging Farmer and Researcher: Extension through the Eyes of Agents in Rural Pakistan." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25308.
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Irrigation and efficient water usage by farmers remain key agricultural problems in Pakistan. Technological approaches to water management specifically irrigation management using cloud technology is a recent innovation currently being trialed in Pakistan through a project conducted by the authors and funded by the Australian Centre for International Research. The paper reports on the perceptions of rural agents in Pakistan involved in the scaling out of new technologies to improve irrigation practices of a large number of farmers. The methodology adopted the use of focus groups with water professionals and extension agents as this approach has been proven to be a key effective method to assist rural agents to gather current information on irrigation problems and the scaling out process. Eight focus groups were assembled with an average of ten participants in each group. The findings revealed the current practices, positive outcomes and challenges to conducting farmer education in Pakistan. The importance of this research is its potential to improving work practices of large numbers of farmers that continue to be highly challenging. The study gives fresh insights on how farmer education methods could be achieved in relation to improving water irrigation through new technological practices of a significantly increased number of farmers.
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Mutambara, Solomon, Michael B. K. Darkoh, and Julius R. Atlhopheng. "LAND TENURE SECURITY ISSUES IN SMALLHOLDER IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN ZIMBABWE." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 1871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v9i3.4921.
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The main objective of the study was to examine land tenure practices and their implications on the sustainability of the smallholder irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe. The different phases of land reforms in Zimbabwe have not been focusing on community irrigation schemes and the evolution of land rights. The farmers’ ownership feelings were stronger for their dryland plots than they were on irrigation plots as the irrigation schemes were regarded as an off-farm employment while their dry-land plots were regarded as transgenerational family assets. Farmers had different perceptions about the security of tenure, inheritability, subletting and disposal of the irrigation plots. The differences in tenure practices and perception attested to the absence of land policy for community irrigation schemes. The existence of informal land markets in some schemes and their absence in others affirmed the Market for the Poor (M4P) assertion that where formal rules and their application are weak, the business environment is governed by the informal rules and the absence of both formalrules and informal institutions make the environment for markets dysfunctional. Some farmers felt theirrigation plots should remain state owned to allow smooth running of schemes and management of farmers’ group dynamics of the irrigation. Some, however, felt the irrigation plots should be privately owned in order to allow farmers to invest and to access financial and input markets.Â
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Ayu Puspito Sari, Deffi, Faroby Falatehan, Diki Surya Irawan, Gede Sedana, and Robbi Rahim. "Mitigation and Adaptation Analysis of the Climate Change Impact Using Sustainable Livelihood Model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.5 (March 10, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.5.13963.
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This study aims to identify and analyze the farmers’ perception of the climate variability and the impacts of the climate variability, identify and analyze the vulnerability and the income of the farmers due to the climate variability, identify and analyze the farmer strategy in anticipating and adapting the climate variability and recommending the adaptation mechanism based on engineering, institutional, technological, social, economic, and cultural organizations to the farmer in responding to the climate variability. Most of the farmers know and understand the climate change information from the television. Farmers mostly feel this climate change through the increase in temperature and the number of dry days. The impact of the climate change affects the livelihood of the farmers, not a few farmers suffered the losses due to the decreased in productivity. To reduce the decrease in income, the farmers increase the use of input, thus affecting the income of the farmers. The results of a comparison of the farmers between 2009 and 2015, there is an increase in productivity and revenue, but this increase is lower than the increased costs incurred by the farmers. This resulted in lower revenues of the farmers in 2015 than in 2009. There are 3 kinds of the strategies which is undertaken by the farmers: economic, ecological and social adaptation. For the economic adaptation, the expectations of the farmers to the capital assets are higher than the actual condition. Ideally, the highest ideal expected by the farmers is physical capital, while the lowest is social capital. Meanwhile, for the ecological adaptation, the community seeks to improve the irrigation channel, replace commodities and utilize the appropriate technology. As for the social adaptation, farmers are expecting the help from the government. The policy implications from this research are: 1) the farmer in Jatiluwih are mostly aware of climate change, some strategies have been implemented by the farmers to maintain their income that affected by the climate change such as to work in the city or become a tour guide in their area. Based on the analysis of the sustainable livelihood, the farmers' expectation of physical capital such as electricity, water, irrigation, and roads are relatively high compared to the other capital. Because of the cost of supply is high, the provision of the physical capital is not easy, the government intervention is needed. Therefore, the farmers are expecting the government to be able to improve the condition of these facilities, especially for the irrigation. Irrigation plays an important role in farming. 2) The social capital of the farmers is high, the farmers have a good relationship with the government, indigenous people, and farmer groups. Therefore, in addition to providing the physical assistance, the government can also conduct the guidance and socialization on reducing the impact of the climate change through farmer or cultural group.
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Azzi, Malika, Javier Calatrava, and Slimane Bedrani. "Farmers’ willingness to pay for surface water in the West Mitidja irrigated perimeter, northern Algeria." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): e0101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018161-12073.
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Algeria is among the most water-stressed countries in the world. Because of its climatic conditions, irrigation is essential for agricultural production. Water prices paid by farmers in public irrigation districts are very low and do not cover the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of the irrigated perimeters, thus leading to the deterioration of these infrastructures. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether farmer’s in the West Mitidja irrigation district in northern Algeria would be willing to pay more for surface water in order to maintain the water supply service in its current conditions. We estimated farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water using data from a dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey to 112 randomly selected farmers. Farmers’ responses were modelled using logistic regression techniques. We also analysed which technical, structural, social and economic characteristics of farms and farmers explain the differences in WTP. Our results showed that nearly 80% of the surveyed farmers are willing to pay an extra price for irrigation water. The average WTP was 64% greater than the price currently paid by farmers, suggesting some scope for improving the financial resources of the Mitidja irrigated perimeter, but insufficient to cover all O&M costs. Some of the key identified factors that affect WTP for surface water relate to farm ownership, access to groundwater resources, cropping patterns, farmers’ agricultural training and risk exposure.
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Aznar-Sánchez, José, Luis Belmonte-Ureña, Juan Velasco-Muñoz, and Diego Valera. "Aquifer Sustainability and the Use of Desalinated Seawater for Greenhouse Irrigation in the Campo de Níjar, Southeast Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050898.
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In the Campo de Níjar (southeast Spain), an intensive horticulture model under plastic has been developed based on the use of groundwater. For many years, aquifers have been overexploited, almost generating an environmental collapse. The construction of a desalination plant was planned to improve this situation and to achieve sustainable aquifer management. However, the aquifer is still being overexploited, since farmers scarcely use desalinated seawater for irrigation. In this paper, farmers irrigating with desalinated seawater are characterized, since they contribute to aquifer sustainability. The study aimed to identify the variables which condition the use of this water resource, as well as the kinds of incentives that encourage this option. For this purpose, a survey was undertaken within a sample of 110 farmers. A cluster analysis and a binary logistic regression were employed. The results from the cluster analysis allowed the characterization of farmers who use desalinated seawater for irrigation. Furthermore, the regression model showed the variables that determine a more intensive use of this irrigation source, such as crop diversification, availability of different water resources and the conductivity of aquifer water available for irrigation. The incentives promoting the use of desalinated seawater for irrigation that most encourage farmers are the implementation of tax relief, price reductions and the obligation to install rainwater collection systems.
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Bahta, Yonas T., Henry Jordaan, and Gunda Sabastain. "Agricultural Management Practices and Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency in Zimbabwe Maize Farming." Agriculture 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030078.
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Integrating best management practices and improving the technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers is critical in raising overall agricultural output. However, there is not much information, besides marginalization and high rehabilitation and maintenance costs, which adequately explains why productivity of smallholder irrigation farmers drop at very high rates. Therefore, this study measured technical efficiency, identified factors affecting technical efficiency, and identified best management practices adopted by smallholder maize irrigation farmers at Tokwane-Ngundu (Zimbabwe). The Data Envelopment Analysis, Double Bootstrap Approach in a Principal Component Regression was used. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire. Empirical results revealed that the mean technical efficiency of the respondents was 77%, which indicated a potential for them to increase their efficiency by 30%. The factors that increased technical efficiency included human capital, extension contacts and compliance with best management practices. The policy implication of this study is the need for robust group incentive schemes to promote farmer-to-farmer skills transfer to boost the technical efficiency of smallholder maize irrigation farmers in Zimbabwe.
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Ahmed, A., M. A. Oyebode, H. E. Igbadun, and E. Oiganji. "ASSESSMENT OF TOMATO FARMERS’ IRRIGATION PRACTICE IN PAMPAIDA MILLENNIUM VILLAGE, IKARA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-232.
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This study was conducted in Pampaida Millennium Village (PMV), Ikara Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria; during the 2009/2010 dry season to assess Tomato farmer’s irrigation water management practice using furrow irrigation. A total of 7 tomato farmers were selected out of 45 farmers for the assessment exercise. Soil moisture content was monitored throughout the growing season using gypsum blocks. The hydraulic performance of the farmer’s plots were assessed. Similarly, the seasonal water requirement and irrigation schedule for the irrigated tomato were also determined. The results showed that the highest Application Efficiency, Distribution Uniformity and Adequacy of irrigation were obtained in plots T6 (92%), T3 (89%) and T7 (92 %) respectively. The least AE, DU and AI were obtained in plot T1 as 74%, 72% and 63% respectively. The yield obtained ranged from 11.6t/ha to 22.3t/ha. The least yield was obtained in plot T2; while the highest yield was obtained in plot T1. All the assessed farmers maintained a 4day irrigation interval throughout the growing season. The highest crop water use efficiency (CWUE) of 62.80 kg/ha-mm was obtained in plot T1, with a corresponding crop water use (CWU) of 355 mm/season. The least CWUE was obtained in plot T2 (41.6kg/ha-mm) with a corresponding CWU of 399 mm/season. Based on the results obtained it can be deduced that plot T1 gives best results among the assessed farmers’ plots in terms of crop water use efficiency and effectiveness of irrigation, which maximizes net farm profit.
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Mambang, Mambang, and Pebry Agusthen. "Kebijakan Penyedia Infrastruktur Irigasi Pada Program Swasembada Beras di Desa Tura Kecamatan Pulau Malan Kabupaten Katingan." Pencerah Publik 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pencerah.v6i1.961.
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Katingan Regency as one of the regencies in Central Kalimantan province that has potential agricultural land potentials should implement the policy of agricultural irrigation infrastructure in the village of Tura District Malan Island District Katingan. Therefore, in this research researchers want to see the factors that cause the irrigation infrastructure to be inadequate. The type of research used is qualitative research with the techniques of data collection interviews, observations, documentation, tape recorders.
The results of this study describe the infrastructure of irrigation channels, which means and infrastructures have not been adequate. Irrigation channels in irrigating farmland farmers have already had irrigation channels that will always channel the water source. The problem of irrigation channels today is the absence of water doors on the irrigation channels in the village of Tura so that water often comes out in the rainy season so that from the irrigation channels in the dry season, there is often drought in water due to lack Water availability for paddy fields in the village of Tura, it is reaping complaints from the farmers in question because it greatly affects the crops of the farmers, facilities and infrastructure of the irrigation tract system is insufficient so that the harvest obtained only 2-3 Per year until the harvest each day only for the daily needs of farmers in the village of Tura, but the provider of irrigation infrastructure has not been adequate in the village of Tura because of the budget cuts in the agricultural service by the local government for the opening Road access.
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Prasetyo, Yuli, Budi Triyono, Hanifah Nur Kumala Ningrum, Raden Jasa Kusumo Haryo, Nur Asyik H., and Wisnu Muchsin. "Penerapan Automatic Transfer Switch Pada Sistem Irigasi Di Desa Rejosari Kabupaten Madiun." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v4i2.313.
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Rejosari Village has enormous potential, namely there are many abundant rice fields around the settlement. Rejosari Village is located in Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency. Farmers in Kebonsari village have used a water pump that is used in the rice field irrigation system. However, until now many farmers still use PLN as the main source in running electric motors for irrigation systems. So that farmers often experience power outages due to lack of electrical power. Community service activities through a partnership program for farmer groups in Rejosari Village, Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency are focused on making Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) panels to convert electrical energy source switches from PLN to sources of solar energy from solar panels. This ATS panel contains a switch that can replace the source of electrical energy in an electric motor that was originally from PLN into an energy source from the Solar Panel. The hope is that with this community service program, farmer groups can obtain electrical energy to power the irrigation system and not depend on PLN. This PKM can also reduce the cost of electricity rates incurred by farmers.
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Zekri, Slim, Samiha Al Harthi, Hemesiri Kotagama, and Shekar Bose. "An estimate of the willingness to pay for treated wastewater for irrigation in Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 21 (January 1, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol21iss0pp57-64.
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The volume of Treated Wastewater (TW) produced in Oman is increasing, due to increased connection of houses to the sewage network and increased construction of wastewater treatment plants. Despite 68% of the TW been used for irrigating urban landscapes, 10.3 Mm3 TW has been discharged to the sea in 2014. Wastewater treatment plants are owned and operated by private companies, which aspire to sell excess TW, particularly to farmers, in order to recover cost of wastewater treatment. This paper has used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for TW for farm irrigation. Seventy two farmers responded to a face-to face interview on eliciting WTP to purchase TW as irrigation water, out of a total population of 400 farmers in Seeb region who have farms in proximity to a wastewater treatment plant. The results indicated that farmers’ WTP for TW was on average 0.111 OR/m3. WTP for TW was significantly affected by the income of farmers and whether the farm is a market oriented or non-market hobby oriented farm. The percentage of farmers willing to pay the average price or higher was 38%. Most farmers are not willing to pay the price currently charged by the wastewater treatment company for landscaping irrigation (0.220 OR/m3) given the large volumes required for farm irrigation. Even rich farmers maintaining hobby farms are willing to pay only 0.128 OR/m3 versus 0.087 OR/m3 by the market oriented farmers. The WTP for TW is higher than the prices reported (OR 0.005 to 0.023 OR/ m3) for groundwater used in agriculture in Oman. .
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Zewdie, Markose Chekol, Michele Moretti, Daregot Berihun Tenessa, Zemen Ayalew Ayele, Jan Nyssen, Enyew Adgo Tsegaye, Amare Sewnet Minale, and Steven Van Passel. "Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach." Land 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030246.
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In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.
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Tesfaye, Abonesh, and Roy Brouwer. "Exploring the scope for transboundary collaboration in the Blue Nile river basin: downstream willingness to pay for upstream land use changes to improve irrigation water supply." Environment and Development Economics 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2015): 180–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000182.
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AbstractIn this study we model the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) of downstream farmers in one of the largest irrigation schemes worldwide in Sudan for improved irrigation water supply through transboundary collaboration with farmers upstream in Ethiopia. In a choice experiment, Sudanese farmers are asked to pay an increase in existing irrigation fees to secure future irrigation water availability by either enhancing the removal of sediments in their local irrigation channels or compensating farmers in the Ethiopian highlands for taking soil conservation measures to prevent land degradation and soil erosion. Although Sudanese farmers downstream do not feel very connected to farmers upstream in Ethiopia, we find a high degree of trust in international cooperation and a positive WTP for improved irrigation water supply and water use efficiency through transboundary collaboration.
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Perret, Sylvain-Roger, Peerasut Saringkarn, Damien Jourdain, and Mukand Singh Babel. "Can rice farmers pay irrigation costs?" Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (September 2013): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0660.
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Andrian, Andrian, Rahidin H. Anang, and Rahmat Kurniawan. "UPAYA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI IRIGASI TETES (DRIP IRRIGATION) KABUPATEN BANYUASIN (STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK TANI RUKUN MAKMUR DESA BUDI MULYA KECAMATAN AIR KUMBANG) Agricultural Development Effort in Irrigation Technology Implementation (Drip Irrigation) Banyuasin District (Case Study of Rukun Makmur farmer Group Budi Mulya Village Air Kumbang Regency)." Societa: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 6, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jsct.v6i2.821.
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The purpose of this research is to know Agricultural counselor effort to convince farmer group in applying drip irrigation technology in Regency of Banyuasin And the obstacles of farmer in applying drip irrigation technology in Regency of Banyuasin. This research was conducted in the Budi Mulya Village of the district Air Kumbang Banyuasin Regency. In March until May 2017. The research method used is case study method. The sampling method that used in this research are purposive sampling and systematic sampling. Data methods of collection used in this study are observation and interviews directly to the respondents who have been determined using the tools of quisionary aids that have been prepared previously and documentation and secondary data. Data processing is done using descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study showed that the efforts of Agricultural counselor in applying drip irrigation technology include: drip irrigation technology socialization, selection of extension method, the procedures for the use of drip irrigation, the application of drip irrigation. And obstacles faced by farmers in the process of applying drip irrigation technology is a problem: capital for the purchase of equipment for drip irrigation such as drip hoses and Water source caused the dry season farmers getting difficulty water supply to watering and fertilizing plants.
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Tendeku, D. K., M. A. Akudungu, and J. S. Dittoh. "The Effects of Participation in Smallholder Irrigated Agriculture on Livelihoods in the Bawku Area of Ghana." International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47762/2017.964x.23.
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Irrigation is one of the key strategies for agricultural transformation and commercialization processes in Ghana and elsewhere in the developing world. This is because irrigation provides opportunity for extended agricultural production, particularly in areas characterized by short duration and low intensity rainfall regimes. Thus, irrigation provides a unique opportunity for the poor, who are mostly smallholder farmers to urge themselves out of poverty. In order to enhance and sustain the benefits from irrigation, there is the need for careful and rigorous study to understand the socio-economic underpinnings of irrigation participation. This paper sought to investigate the factors that influence participation in irrigated agriculture and its effects on livelihoods. The method of analysis involved an estimation of treatment effect model. The study relied mainly on primary data collected from 304 respondents randomly sampled across four irrigating communities in the Bawku West District of Ghana. The empirical results show that age, marital status, market availability, extension contact and farm size significantly influence farmers’ decision to participate in irrigated agriculture. Participation in irrigation positively affects livelihoods development. However, the benefits of irrigation are likely to be offset by large household sizes, source of water for irrigation and education. The study recommends that farmers must be assisted with improved technologies in irrigated agriculture supported by gender sensitive extension services to ensure effective technology use. There is also the need for improved access to markets.
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Bidzakin, John Kanburi, Simon C. Fialor, Dadson Awunyo-Vitor, and Iddrisu Yahaya. "Impact of Irrigation Ecology on Rice Production Efficiency in Ghana." Advances in Agriculture 2018 (June 12, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5287138.
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Irrigation production is a means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in the world. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation ecology on farm household technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of smallholder rice farmers. Cross-sectional data was obtained from 350 rice farmers across rain fed and irrigation ecologies. Stochastic frontier analyses are used to estimate the production efficiency and endogenous treatment effect regression model is used to estimate the impact of irrigation ecology on rice production efficiency. The impact of irrigation ecology on technical efficiency is about 0.05, which implies farmers producing under irrigation ecology are more technically efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. The impact of irrigation ecology on allocative efficiency is about 0.33, which shows that farmers participating in irrigation farming are more allocatively efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. The impact on economic efficiency is about 0.23, meaning that farmers participating in irrigation farming are more economically efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. Irrigation ecology has positive impact on production efficiency; hence farmers should be encouraged to produce more under irrigation for increased yield and profit.
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Watson, D. J., and G. Drysdale. "Irrigation practices on north-east Victorian dairy farms: a survey." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03231.
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The north-east region of Victoria is an important water-harvesting catchment for gravity-fed irrigators downstream of Lake Mulwala. Dairy farmers are significant users of irrigation water in north-east Victoria but little was known about their irrigation practices and attitudes. A survey undertaken in 2000 collected data on irrigation practices and attitudes from 92% of the irrigating dairy farmers in the region. It found diversity in many aspects of irrigation amongst the region’s irrigated dairy farms, ranging from the proportion of the farm irrigated to the irrigation system used, and identified areas where improvements to irrigation practices could be made. More than 8 different irrigation systems were used in the region, and flood irrigation was the most commonly used. However, a large proportion (37%) of flood irrigators were contemplating changing to spray irrigation, mostly to long lateral hand move sprinkler irrigation, in an effort to improve water use efficiency. More than 50% of respondents did not meter irrigation water use, and 83% pumped water directly from rivers or creeks, with dams and dragline holes the next most common sources. Irrigation scheduling (when to start irrigating and the frequency of irrigation thereafter) and the amount of water to apply were generally based on knowledge and experience rather than on soil moisture monitoring equipment or use of evaporation rates. Most survey respondents recognised that their irrigation practices could improve and said that they would be interested in information to help them make more informed decisions about irrigation practices.
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Zakaria, Amar K. "Dampak Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Perdesaan terhadap Adopsi Teknologi Budi Daya Padi." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 33, no. 2 (August 28, 2014): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v33n2.2014.p102-108.
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The rehabilitation of irrigation canal on the rural area is very important to rice farmers because the use of water is becoming more eficient and rice production and farmer’s income is increasing. Increasing the rice productivity would be considered as an indication of farmer’s participation on the adoption of technology. The present study was aimed to evaluate the technology adoption on rice farming in relation with the irrigation canal rehabilitation. The study was carried out in Majalengka district of West Java, during 2012 using survey method. The data were collected through the interview techniques to 44 farmer respondents using structured questionnaires. The data were cross tabulated and to measure the advantage of adopting the technology, Gross R/C ratio was calculated along with the break even point/BEP. Result of the analyses showed that after rehabilitation of the rural irrigation infrastructure the water supply was becoming more available and farmers were motivated to adopt the rice farming technology and the management of rice cultivation. The degree of technology adoption was considered as optimum and economically was feasible, as indicated by the value of R/C between 1.98 and 2.15, with the profitability of 49.6 percent to 53.5 percent. The partial budgetting analysis showed the B/C marginal of 2.59 and growing Ciherang rice variety is considered to be profitable.
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Sembiring, R. A., C. Asda, R. A. Dewi, A. Ananta, and M. A. Pulungan. "Development of drilling well irrigation to meet water needs in the rainfall of Sambirejo village, Kabupaten Langkat." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v5i1.4024.
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One very important element in agriculture is water. The availability of water must be guaranteed so that plants can grow throughout the year. The lack of water availability means that crops cannot be produced throughout the year, causing farmers to become inadequate. Engineering irrigation is one of the systems that can regulate water availability throughout the year, but not all regions in Indonesia have such irrigation. Sambirejo Village is one of the villages in Langkat Regency which still utilizes a rainfed irrigation system. The main problem from Sambirejo Village, especially the Karya Tani Farmer Group, which is a service partner, is the unavailability of water to irrigate rice fields during the dry season. This unavailability of water causes a reduction in the productivity of farmers who are supposed to harvest three times to only twice a year. Through community service activities carried out the construction of borehole irrigation in Sembirejo Village. This method utilizes ground water as a source of water supply during the dry season. Drilled well irrigation can be enjoyed directly by farmers in the vicinity of the service area, and in the dry season the water needs for plants are available.
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Nadeem, Abdul Majeed, Tariq Ali, Wei Wei, Qi Cui, and Shaoan Huang. "Can Irrigation Conditions Improve Farmers’ Subjective Well-being? An Investigation in Rural Pakistan." Water 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040505.
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In many developing countries, including Pakistan, the enormous water losses due to outdated irrigation infrastructure threaten livelihoods and food security, while investment in the development of efficiency improvements can help the countries to cope with water scarcity and improve farmers’ wellbeing. This study evaluates how rural farmers’ decisions regarding improving irrigation watercourses and other irrigation conditions affect their wellbeing. We employ hypothesis testing and an ordered logit model on field survey data of 300 farming households from rural Pakistan. The mean test results suggest that farmers on lined watercourses are happier than those on unlined and partially lined watercourses. The regression results suggest that farmers on a fully lined watercourse have higher wellbeing than those on a partially lined watercourse. The time taken by canal water and groundwater to reach farmers’ land reduces their wellbeing. Irrigation quotas, the return of stolen water and the distance of groundwater sources from land have positive effects on farmers’ wellbeing. The study establishes a strong correlation between irrigation conditions, improved irrigation network and farmers’ wellbeing.
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Tang, Zeng. "Value the Irrigation Water: A Case Study in Northwest China." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2385.
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As a non-market good, the value of irrigation water can be approximated by empirical investigations of farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water. In this paper, a contingent valuation study on farmer WTP for irrigation water was conducted. With double-bounded bidding, an average WTP of 1021 RMB/ha/yr was found. The perceived value of water is falls short of the costs of irrigation water provisioning. This suggests that the use of irrigation water in Zhangye is not sustainable, and the price policy alone may not serve the purpose of efficient irrigation water management.
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Biswas, Durba, and L. Venkatachalam. "Farmers' Willingness to Pay for Improved Irrigation Water — A Case Study of Malaprabha Irrigation Project in Karnataka, India." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 01 (March 2015): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x14500040.
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In principle, the approach toward irrigation management in India has gradually shifted from a government-dominated, supply-side paradigm toward a user-preferred, demand-side paradigm. Yet, decisions regarding water allocation and irrigation charges do not adequately incorporate farmers' preferences and their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved irrigation. Since public investment on irrigation projects is sizeable and the opportunity cost of irrigation water is increasing, there exists a need to estimate the economic value of irrigation water in order to utilize it in an efficient manner. This paper presents results of a contingent valuation (CV) study conducted in a semi-arid region, namely, the Malaprabha Irrigation Project in Karnataka, India, which elicited farmers' preferences and their WTP value for improved irrigation. The results suggest that farmers predict a significant increase in agricultural benefits due to additional irrigation and they are willing to pay significantly higher than what they are currently paying to secure these benefits. It implies that improved irrigation increases not only the farmers' benefits but could potentially increase the government's revenue, resulting in a win–win outcome.
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Garcia, Miguel A., and Robert Pence. "Tactics for efficient agriculture outreach targeting small and midsize farmers; a case study in the Coachella Valley." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 3 (January 13, 2019): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.03.2704.
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A successful agriculture outreach program was implemented in the Coachella Valley among small acreage Hispanic farmers. The main objective of this program was to help farmers conserve water through active soil moisture monitoring through the use of tensiometers. To overcome the challenges of agriculture outreach, this project incorporated a one-on-one, hands-on approach with an individualized curriculum. By regularly visiting the farmers in their fields we were able to truly understand their needs and to demonstrate to them we were honestly concerned about the issues they face. This approach slowly made the farmers feel comfortable working with us and more receptive towards advice given. An important component of the project is to involve the farmer in the actual soil moisture monitoring as much as possible. By allowing farmers to actively monitor the moisture content of their soils, we were able to give the farmers a sense of empowerment and ownership of the project. This approach helped farmers trust the technology and feel comfortable using it to make irrigation decisions. Up to date, all of the participating farmers have reported using tensiometers as the main decision-making tool at the time of irrigation
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Hamdi, Mohammed, Asif Rehman, Abdullah Alghamdi, Muhammad Ali Nizamani, Malik Muhammad Saad Missen, and Muhamamd Ali Memon. "Internet of Things (IoT) Based Water Irrigation System." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 17, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i05.22081.
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Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Issues concerning irrigation have been always encumbering the development of the country. Water scarcity is becoming a big issue because of climate change, insufficient services and rising population. Farmers are not receiving the supply of equitable water efficiently due to current methods of irrigation, such as inequitable water distribution, manual reporting of mogha discharge by OFWM, change of water turn at late night and no need of water at his allocated time, tail-end user problems like either too much of water supply or no availability of water as per need of farmers. One solution to this problem is a smart irrigation system in which the system uses internet of things (IoT) based sensors to monitor water levels and communicates the water situation to the user. In this research, we elaborate on the applicability of the Internet of Things (IOT) in the irrigation system and propose an architecture of IoT based water irrigation system using a wireless sensor network to solve the problems of farmers. The IoT based smart irrigation system is based on the raspberry pi to improve the productivity of water and keep costs down. Farmer is informed about fields while there is any deviance from the expected water situation by a text message.
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Budiman, Subhan Arif, Mohammad Rondhi, Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan, Bagus Peratama, Rokhani, Anik Suwandari, Julian Adam Ridjal, Soemarno, Sugeng Prijono, and Soedarto. "Water Scarcity, Mountain Deforestation and the Economic Value of Water in a Small-Scale Irrigation System: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0015.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the willingness of farmers to pay for small-scale irrigation (SSI) and its determinants. Additionally, this study analysed the physical water availability in the study area using 16 years’ (2004–2019) historical data of streamflow, rainfall and forest cover change. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 100 farmers. A contingent valuation method was employed to elicit farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water. The results show that the average WTP of farmers is US$ 215.84/ha/year. It accounts for 20% of farm revenue and is almost 20 times the water fee in large-scale irrigation systems. The study area experienced significant deforestation in the last two decades suffering a decrease of 11.72% of forest cover. It decreases the amount of stored rainwater and decreases the streamflow causing water scarcity during the dry season. Farm size, farmer income, distance to a small dam and usage of water-pump are the significant determinants. The results indicate that water scarcity caused by poor infrastructure increases the economic value of water in a SSI system.
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Zhang, Lijuan, Jinxia Wang, Guangsheng Zhang, and Qiuqiong Huang. "Impact of the methods of groundwater access on irrigation and crop yield in the North China Plain." China Agricultural Economic Review 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 613–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2015-0177.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is: to track the methods by which farmers access groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP); to explore whether climate factors influence farmers’ decisions on the methods of groundwater access for irrigation; and to examine whether the amount of groundwater use for irrigation and crop yield systematically differ across groups of farmers using various methods of groundwater access, and how climate factors affect them. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive statistical analysis and econometric models are used on household survey data collected over several years and county-level climate data. Findings Over the past few decades, a significant share of farmers have switched the methods of groundwater access from collective tubewells to own tubewells or groundwater markets. Farmers who bought water from groundwater markets applied less water to wheat plots than those who had their own tubewells. However, wheat yield was not negatively affected. Both average climate conditions and long-term variations were found to be related to farmers’ choice of methods of groundwater access for irrigation. More frequent droughts and increasingly volatile temperatures both increased the likelihood of farmers gaining groundwater irrigation from markets. Originality/value The analysis results suggest farmers are using groundwater markets to help them adapt to climate change. Applying empirical analysis to identify the impact of the methods by which farmers access groundwater for irrigation on the amount of groundwater use and crop yield will help policy makers design reasonable adaptation policies for the NCP.
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Kassaye, Kassu Tadesse, Wubengeda Admasu Yilma, Mehiret Hone Fisha, and Dawit Habte Haile. "Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869098.
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The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.
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M., Moses M. "The Analysis of Threats and Opportunities in Sustainable Irrigation Development in Lesotho." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 5 (October 30, 2014): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i5.1118.
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This paper analyzes threats and opportunities in sustainable irrigation development in Lesotho. The addressed research question is what threats and opportunities are there in irrigation projects backed by the government of Lesotho (GoL) for sustainable development and income generation in the rural areas for subsistence farmers. Threats to irrigation projects pose a problematic situation with a high possibility for project failure in attaining sustainable development. They need to be analytically identified for the provision of solutions at the project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes. The study has adopted the in-depth interviews for problems and opportunities identification with the participation of 63 irrigating farmers as respondents. Revealing threats against opportunities enable proper irrigation projects planning and implementation and therefore successful and sustainable irrigation development in Lesotho. Indepth field interviews’findings are on farmers in eight project sites selected by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) for further irrigation development with the backing of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The eight sites are (1) Semonkong Ha Lesala and (2) Semonkong Ha Sechache, in Maseru district, (3) Ha Rasekila in Butha-Buthe district, (4) Qopo Ha Molefi in Berea district, (5) Maphutseng in Mohale’s Hoek district, (8) Qhoalinyane Ha Semethe and (7) Qhoalinyane, in Qacha’s Nek district, and lastly (8) Ha Makoae in Quthing district. The main implementing agency for this Water Control Component of the Special Programme for Food Security is the MoA in Lesotho.
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Thohiri, Roza, Gaffar Hafiz Sagala, and Andri Zainal. "THE USE OF DRIP-WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE AGRI-HOLTICULTURAL SOCIETY IN DESA HAMPARAN PERAK." Journal of Community Research and Service 2, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v2i1.9886.
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AbstractAlthough the developments of technology has been grown rapidly, some farmers in North Sumatra are still trapped in traditional farming methods. The problem of limited funds has always been a classical reason for explaining the stagnancy. Interestingly, the farmer community of Hamparan Perak, North Sumatra, which is a partner of LPM UNIMED, actually has advanced knowledge in the management of horticultural crops. Simple innovation seem to be able to drive farm productivity and efficiency. The general purpose of this community service activity is to implement the drip-water irrigation system at Agro-Holticulture plantation of Hamparan Perak Farmer Community in Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. In particular, this community service aims to: 1) improving the efficiency of agricultural production with the implementation of such technology; and 2) increasing farm productivity with improved irrigation system. This Community Service Activities using technical guidance methods to farmer community. Furthermore, efficiency and productivity are met through minimizing costs and increasing farmer income which observed during technical guidance. Based on ongoing observations, farmers acknowledge that the process of agricultural production becomes very efficient while the performance of the crops becomes more productive.Keywords: Farmers, Horticulture, Efficiency, Productivity
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Singh, Narpat, and K. L. Dangi. "Attitude of farmers towards drip irrigation system." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/13.1/14-17.
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Thysen, Iver, and Nina K. Detlefsen. "Online decision support for irrigation for farmers." Agricultural Water Management 86, no. 3 (December 2006): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.05.016.
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Khanal, Kapil, Kalika Bahadur Adhikari, Shiva Chandra Dhakal, and Santosh Marahatta. "Factors Motivating Farmers for Collective Action for Management of Irrigation System in Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i1.31748.
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The study analyzed the factors motivating the farmers for collective action for the management of the Shardikhola Puranchaur Irrigation System of the Kaski district of Nepal in 2019. A cross-sectional data of 184 farmers were collected using a simple random sampling method. A logit regression was used for data analysis. Age of the household head, years of schooling of the household head, presence of fine in monetary terms, number of farmers in a branch of the irrigation system positively motivated farmers in the involvement in the group for the management of the irrigation system. Motivation among farmers for collective action for management of the irrigation system was influenced by a combination of different factors. Therefore, the proper distribution of water at different branches, binding every level of users by law and transparency in the use of the income of the irrigation system must be maintained to achieve the desired results.
Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 285-291
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Kibirige, Douglas, Ajay S. Singh, and Lovemore M. Rugube. "Small-Scale Irrigation and Production Efficiency among Vegetable Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: The DEA Approach." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i1.14564.
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Despite the establishment and revitalization of small-scale irrigation schemes, input subsidies and tractor hire schemes in the rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa productivity among small-scale farmers is recorded low and anticipated to decline. For survival, small-scale farmers have resorted to cultivating high value crops including vegetables. However, their vegetable productivity is far less than the estimated potential yields, and information regarding their production efficiency is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining farmer’s production efficiency to generate meaningful information necessary for designing feasible pro-poor policies aimed at catalysing increased the productivity and rural household incomes. The study was carried out at Qamata and Tyefu irrigation schemes, and approximately 158 farmers were interviewed. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach was used to generate results. The findings in this article indicated that most farmers are old aged with low literacy levels. Farmers were also allocating few hectares of land for cabbage production with far less application of fertilizers and pesticides compared to the recommended amounts. Farmers at Qamata and Tyefu irrigation schemes are technically, allocatively and economically efficient at 98%, 72% and 77% level, respectively. Thus, for improving the productivity, farmers need to maintain the same technologies and adjust on the amounts of fertilizers, seeds and pesticides used for improving allocative and economic efficiency. Results suggested that this can be achieved through encouraging more youth participation in farming, improved input-agronomic and agribusiness skills, catalysing processes of land reforms, and construction of more dams.