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Academic literature on the topic 'Irrigation par aspersion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Irrigation par aspersion"
Prado, Giuliani Do, and Alberto Colombo. "COMPOSIÇÃO DE PERFIS RADIAIS DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE ASPERSORES." IRRIGA 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2009v14n1p41-53.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Irrigation par aspersion"
Hendawi, Mohamed. "Etude des pertes d'eau par évaporation et dérive sur un jet d'asperseur." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22008.pdf.
Full textDuring sprinkler irrigation, the water wind drift and direct evaporation losses can vary very widely: from 2% to 50 %. The object of this thesis project is to distinguish the two forms of these losses and to know how they are generated. We have been able, thanks to volumetric measurements, to assess the global losses to a maximum value of 23% registered under very hard climatic conditions. We have carried out under controlled conditions, by way of electric conductivity, some measurements of the direct evaporation losses: the maximum value registered was about 5%. This measurement allowed us to calibrate a statistic model able to assess the rate of this kind of losses under some climatic conditions. Using a CFD tool, the modelling of global losses, through a combined Eulerian and Lagrangian approach, gave us some results which are in agreement with measurements. We computed a very small direct evaporation rate on the big droplets: less than 4% of the droplets which are bigger than 1 mm. However, the smallest ones (which are smaller than 150 µm) can be totally evaporated and/or drifted outside the irrigation zone. Thanks to this modelling, we are able according to the climatic conditions to compute the water global losses and to distinguish the amount of every part: the drift and the direct evaporation losses. The droplets path is determined according to their size, so we can conclude that the two models (statistical and CFD ones) are correlated to the PDF of the droplets cloud. That's why, an accurate knowledge of the droplets initial size is needed to well assess the water global losses (particularly the drift losses which constitute the biggest part) and to control them
Foissac, Arnaud. "Modélisation des interactions entre gouttes en environnement hostile." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066492.
Full textStévenin, Christophe. "Étude de l'atomisation d'un jet d'eau haute vitesse : Application à l'irrigation par aspersion et à la pulvérisation." Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/80/97/98/PDF/these_STEVENIN2012.pdf.
Full textIn the present context of increasing water scarcity, a better water use efficiency is essential to maintain a sustainable economical growth. Moreover, water use efficiency covers also important environmental and social issues. In Europe, spraying irrigation represents a large part of water consumption. However, spraying irrigation of farming parcels is not always well fitted and can lead to strong water losses by evaporation or wind drift. An optimization of this water supply is necessary, which requires a better control of droplets dynamics, with regard to droplets size and droplets dispersion during atomization. This thesis aims at characterizing the droplets produced during the atomization of a water jet used in spraying irrigation and at modeling the jet atomization. A shadowgraphy method is carried out in order to analyse the liquid core and to estimate the droplets size in the spray. A droplet tracking algorithm is used to get the mean and fluctuating velocities of the liquid phase. Particular attention is focused on the technique calibration and on droplets sizing accuracy in the spray. An Eulerian approach is used for atomization modeling. The turbulent two phase flow is described as a single phase flow with a variable mean density, which varies between gas density and liquid density according to the liquid mass fraction. The liquid dispersion in its gaseous environment is taken into account by resolving a transport equation for the liquid mass fraction. Moreover a transport equation for the mean liquid/gas interface density is considered to model droplets fragmentation and coalescence and finally get a mean size of liquid fragments
Roux, Philippe. "L'aide au pilotage des irrigations : intérêts et limites de l'approche par les systèmes experts." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20287.
Full textBarakat, Mohammad. "Maîtrise de l’azote en système irrigué : application au contexte méditerranéen." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET004/document.
Full textThe main goal in modern agriculture is the control of nitrogen fluxes in agricultural soils under the irrigation techniques. This objective requires a lot of research, especially in the field, to escort an optimal strategy of fertigation. For this purpose, an experimental protocol has been applied to follow the soil nitrogen fate for various irrigation and fertilization scenarios, during two intensive field campaigns in maize plots. In the articulation of our work, and to be able to examine the nitrogen dynamics in unsaturated agricultural soils under irrigated systems, we succeeded firstly to determine and clarify the ambiguous relation between the irrigation techniques (flood irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface and subsurface drip irrigation) and the different nitrogen transformations (Fixation, Mineralization, Immobilization, Nitrification, Denitrification and Volatilization) in agricultural contexts. This relationship, which is unclear and untreated in other similar studies, has been reviewed by studying the impact of certain factors, such as soil moisture and soil temperature under different irrigation techniques, on microbial soil activity and therefore on the nitrogen transformations (such as mineralization). A significant difference of mineralization was observed in maize plots with no fertilizer application treatment between sprinkler irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation. The experimental data collected have been used to analyze the water and nitrogen fluxes for various initial conditions and fertilisation strategies under sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation by using the HYDRUS-2D model. Analyzing the sensitivity of nitrogen fluxes parameters using HYDRUS-2D allowed to estimate the nitrogen dynamics under more complex agro-pedoclimatic contexts. In conclusion, the present study allowed to improve the fertilization knowledge under both the sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation in a Mediterranean environment
David, Pierre-Luc. "Traitement des eaux grises par réacteur à lit fluidisé et dangers liés à leur utilisation pour l'irrigation d'espaces verts urbains." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980551.
Full textFelis-Carrasco, Francisco. "Atomisation et dispersion d'un jet liquide : approches numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0001/document.
Full textA typical water round-nozzle jet for agricultural applications is presented in this study. The dispersion of a liquid for irrigation or pesticides spraying is a key subject to both reduce water consumption and air pollution. A simplified study case is constructed to tackle both scenarios, where a round dn=1.2 mm nozzle of a length Ln=50dn is considered. The injection velocity is chosen to be UJ=35 m/s, aligned with gravity, placing the liquid jet in a turbulent atomization regime. The flow is considered statistically axisymmetric. Experimental and numerical approaches are considered.An Eulerian mixture multiphase model describes the original two-phase flow. Several U-RANS turbulence models are used: k-ε and RSM; where special attention is taken to the modelling of variable density effects from the mixture formulation. A custom numerical solver is implemented using the OpenFOAM CFD code. A series of study cases are constructed to test the influence of the turbulence modeling and first/second-order closures of the turbulent mass fluxes. LDV and DTV optical techniques are used to gather statistical information from both the liquid and the gas phases of the spray. The experimental campaign is carried out from x/dn=0 to x/dn=800. Concerning the LDV, small (~1 µm) olive-oil tracers are used to capture the gas phase, where a distinction between the liquid droplets and tracers is achieved by a specific set-up of the laser power source and the burst Doppler setting (BP-Filter and SNR). On the dispersed zone, DTV measurements are carried out to measure velocities and sizes of droplets. Special attention to the depth-of-field (DOF) estimation is taken in order to obtain a less biased droplet’s size-velocity correlation.Numerical and experimental results show good agreement on the mean velocity field. A strong dependence on the turbulence model is found. However, the RSM does not capture the same behaviour on the calculated Reynolds stresses. Indeed, neither the experimental anisotropy (R22/R11≈0.05), nor the liquid-gas slip-velocity can be reproduced, even with a second-order closure for the turbulent mass fluxes. The strong density ratio (water/air), flow’s directionality and production of turbulent kinetic energy may be the cause of a weak dispersion and mixing between the two fluids. This mechanism is not yet clarified from a RSM modeling point-of-view
Menezes, Paulo Lopes de. "Programa computacional para simulação da uniformidade de aplicação de água em irrigação por aspersão convencional e microaspersão." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2005. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/385.
Full textThis study was aimed for developing a computing program in graphic atmosphere to determine the uniformity and efficiency of water distribution in the irrigation system by sprinkler and trickle. The program was developed in the Basic Visual programming language where it was aimed to make a friendly interface for the user and generate graphics of uniformity in tests with distribution in mesh and radial collectors. To generate three-dimensional graphics it was used an external library to Visual Basic, destined to generate specialized graphics from past information as a parameter in time of the program execution. In the program a routine was implemented to make the linear interpolation of the collected blades in the radial test projecting the other measures, generating a square mould, to draw the distribution profile of the sprinkler or trickle in test and the uniformity and efficiency of water distribution to the several spacings with blade coverings. A series of data and real laboratory test for sprinkler and trickle irrigation, in radial and mesh distributions were submitted to the program aiming to test their sensitivity, where it was observed that the Christiansen´s Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) reduces as the space increases; that the test with radial distribution of collectors is statistically equivalent to the test with mesh distribution and that the program presents coherence in the information gotten through the comparison of their results with the presupposition values and generated by the program CATCH-3D.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um programa computacional em ambiente gráfico para determinação da uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água em sistemas de irrigação por aspersão e por microaspersão. O programa foi desenvolvido na linguagem de programação Visual Basic, E buscou-se desenvolver uma interface amigável ao usuário e gerar gráficos de uniformidade em ensaios com distribuição dos coletores em malha e radial. Para a geração de gráficos tridimensionais foi utilizada uma biblioteca externa ao Visual Basic, destinada a gerar gráficos especializados a partir de informações passadas como parâmetro em tempo de execução do programa. No programa foi implementada uma rotina para fazer a interpolação linear das lâminas coletadas no ensaio radial projetando as demais medidas, gerando uma matriz quadrada, para traçar o perfil de distribuição do aspersor ou microaspersor em teste e a uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água para diversos espaçamentos com sobreposição de lâminas. Uma série de dados de ensaios reais de laboratório para aspersor e microaspersor, em distribuição radial e malha, foi submetida ao programa a fim de testar a sua sensibilidade e foi observado que o coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) diminui à medida que aumenta o espaçamento; que o ensaio com distribuição radial de coletores é estatisticamente equivalente ao ensaio com distribuição em malha e que o programa apresenta coerência nas informações geradas por meio da comparação de seus resultados com os valores pressupostos e gerados pelo programa CATCH-3D.
Araújo, João Alberto Borges de [UNESP]. "Aplicação do inversor de frequência para acionamento de sistemas de bombeamento em irrigação por aspersão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93845.
Full textO sistema de bombeamento pressurizado convencional de rotação fixa que utiliza motor elétrico no acionamento, é analisado sob o aspecto do sistema de comando e controle, baseando-se em curvas e tabelas construídas para analise do comportamento hidráulico e elétrico do sistema, porém quando comparado com sistema de rotação variável apresentam desvantagens, quanto a eficiência desses parâmetros. Esta pesquisa tem como ponto principal, analisar teoricamente o comportamento hidráulico e mecânico dos acionamentos convencionais com rotação fixa de um sistema de irrigação por aspersão, e propor a aplicação de um sistema automatizado de controle de rotação, por inversor de freqüência e controlador lógico programável, sobre um conjunto motobomba, visando a racionalização de energia elétrica. Na proposta de automação do sistema, determina-se uma pressão constante na saída da bomba, que controla a rotação do motor pelo inversor de frequência, em função da altura manométrica e da vazão requerida, com isso, melhorando as condições de corrente para o motor em operação com partidas e desligamentos suaves, e possibilita o redimensionamento do motor elétrico para um potência menor na razão de 33 %.
The conventional pressurized pumping systems of fixed rotation that uses electrical devices for driving, is analyzed under the aspect of the command system and control, being based on curves and tables constructed to analyze of the hydraulical and electric behavior of the system, however when compared with system of variable rotation they present disadvantages, concerning to the efficiency of these parameters. This research has as main point, analyze theoretically to the hydraulical and mechanical behavior of the conventional drive with fixed rotation of a system of irrigation for aspersion, and to consider the application of a system automatized of rotation control, for frequency inverter and programmable logical controller, on the combine electrical pump, aiming the rationalization of electric energy. In the proposal of automation of the system, a constant pressure in the output of the pump is determined, that controls the rotation of the engine for the frequency invertor, in function of the manometric height and the required outflow, with this, improving the factor of power with the own correction for a value close to the ideal and the current conditions for the engine in operation with soft starts and power off, preventing high requests of the start current.
Armindo, Robson André. "Desenvolvimento de um aspersor de taxa variada para irrigação de precisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-10092009-093254/.
Full textDue to depletion of hydric resources which are nearing limits, water use in agriculture requires more efficient to maintain current levels of yield in the expansion of irrigated areas. The efficiency of irrigation systems as for water use can be increased adjusting the amount of water applied to the specific conditions of soil and crop, which vary in the field. It is evident the need for equipment capable of applying different irrigation levels in order to supply the water requirement of the soil taking into account the spatial and temporal variability. So, this work aims to develop and evaluate a flow rate sprinkler to be used in center pivots or linear moving irrigation systems with the potential for utilization in scheduling irrigation. Two prototypes were developed. Their calibrations and discharge coefficient adjustments were carried out in a laboratory. To predict flow rate, it was established a successful model that represents flow rate sprinklers operation. The calibration of the flow rate sprinkler prototype I showed good statistical results, however questionable technical results. As for the calibration process of flow rate sprinkler prototype II showed satisfactory statistical and technical results. This prototype was chosen to be implemented in field-testing and to be automated. In field tests, it was determined radial distribution profiles for the second prototype, following recommendations of ASABE technical standard. Sprinkler radius of throw was determined by different flow rates tested and two types of rotating deflectors: four and six jets. The automation of the prototype was obtained through driving a step motor using the communication of parallel door of a microcomputer which was controlled by a software program developed for this purpose. Results were considered satisfactory and provided technical feasibility to build a flow rate sprinkler to be used in precision irrigation.