Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IRTF'
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HELBERT, MARYVONNE. "Applications biomedicales de la spectromerie irtf." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT2002.
Full textChen, Hsiang-Hsin. "Imagerie IRTF tridimensionnelle pour l'étude de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0448/document.
Full textCKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is one of the worst public diseases in developing countries. The stages of CKD are mainly based on measured or estimated GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). However, this method is not sensitive enough on early stages of the pathology and thus do not offer accurate diagnostic value. Early detection and treatment can often limit or avoid the chronicity effects of the disease. This thesis focuses on the development of FTIR microscopy as a diagnostic tool for the identification by histopathology at glomerulus level of the kidney in CKD model. We developed a technique of 3D reconstruction for the FTIR imaging of biochemical components changes in glomeruli for identifying the pathological marker of CKD. The curve-fitting and spectral clustering are applied on the FTIR microscopy analysis to distinguish between healthy and pathological glomeruli of a kidney. Then, the glomerular microvasculatureis highlighted to reveal the morphological abnormalities by perfusing contrast agents into blood vessels. With advanced 3D statistical methods and 3D image visualization by microscopy, FTIR spectro-imaging can be used as a functional technique to determine the morphological and molecular changes occurring along CKD development
Belbachir, Karima. "Etude de l’organisation des collagènes dans les myopathies par spéctro-imagerie IRTF." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14215.
Full textMyopathies are a rare disease which leads a muscular deficiency. It seems that most of the myopathies present a modification in the biodistribution and in the concentration of collagens. The current diagnosis of these diseases is based on the study of deficient proteins by molecular biology techniques whose the results are uncertain. We suggest developing the spectro-imaging IRTF to differentiate five main types of collagen in the muscular connective tissue. For that, we applied two methods: the spectral déconvolution of the amide I and the determination of the anisotropic extinction coefficient of the fibers. Then, we have set up a synthetic matrix miming the molecular composition of a squeletic muscular tissue of beef muscle. This matrix aims at calibrating the spectro-imaging IRTTF and at quantifying in the medium term the collagen in tissues
Shah, Kaya (Kaya Y. ). "Killer asteroids : feasibility of using the IRTF to track near-earth objects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114132.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 31).
The possibility of an asteroid or comet impact necessitates the tracking and cataloging of all such objects which could potentially impact Earth. Currently, no comprehensive catalog of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) exists which contains information on the physical properties of the objects. Spectroscopic observation of NEOs must be carried out in an efficient and timely manner in order to determine the physical properties of NEOs for this catalog. The cumulative fractions of objects visible at certain magnitudes were examined and compared for the NEOs discovered in 2005 at discovery, those at the first quarter moon following discovery, and all known NEOs in 1, 3, 5, and 10 year forecasted surveys to determine the best combination of Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) instrumentation, telescope observation time, and survey length. This thesis finds that the IRTF instrumentation should be improved to at least 19.5 to spectroscopically observe 57% of the objects discovered in 2005. Furthermore, spectroscopic observation of the objects should not occur at the first quarter moon immediately after discovery, as is currently the case, because as much as ~15% of the objects discovered in 2005 cannot be observed at this time. As survey length is increased, the fraction of objects that can be observed at the IRTF's current limiting magnitude also increase; thus it is best to conduct the survey as long as possible. Additionally, spectroscopic observation of the objects should be carried out every 7 days in order to gather the most information. Lastly, it is best to spectroscopically observe the objects within 7 days of discovery because the objects are generally discovered when they are at their closest possible approach to the Earth.
by Kaya Shah.
S.B.
Dagneaux, Cécile. "Etude par spectroscopie IRTF de la structure de triple-hélices d'acides nucléiques." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132008.
Full textMasmoudi, Houda. "Vieillissement d'émulsions cosmétiques : apports comparés de la spectroscopie IRTF et de la rhéologie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30022.
Full textEmulsions play a major role in cosmetology. Given the new European standards, manufacturers will be compelled to provide more information on the products, in particular on their compositions, their toxicity and their expected lifetime. They will have to be able to assess the degradation through protocols of accelerated ageing and suitable analytical tools. Accordingly, the emulsions studied, were stored over a long-term duration at various temperatures to accelerate the ageing process and to evaluate the stability of cosmetic emulsions. Their evolution was followed by various classical analytical techniques: spectroscopy FTIR, rheology, microscopy, conductimetry, texture analysis. . . . Spectroscopy IRTF, using structural indices, revealed new species resulting from the oxidation (identified by deconvolution) and oxidation mechanisms are proposed. The rheological measurements, carried out at the same time, have a predictive aspect since modifications of the rheological parameters are detected for stable emulsions with the naked eye and for which no chemical modification is measured. Moreover these two techniques made it possible to highlight the influence of the nature of oil and of the emulsifier on the stability of the emulsions. Thus, they will ease the choice of additives
Begaudeau, Karine. "Modélisation thermodynamique et Spectroscopies IRTF, RMN des pyroxènes : des xénolites à la rhéologie mantellique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696775.
Full textEssendoubi, Mohammed. "Identification et typage par (micro) spectroscopie IRTF des levures du genre Candida d'origine clinique." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000629.pdf.
Full textThe@use of FTIR (micro)spectroscopy for the differentiation and identification of Candida yeasts of clinical origin has been evaluated. Ninety-six strains belonging to six different species have been tested for the differentiation process while strains from three species (C. Albicans, C. Glabrata, and C. Parapsilosis) have been used for the typing tests. Our results show that species differentiation isachievable by analysing both suspensions and microcolonies. A spectral data base consisting of 180 strains from six different Candida species frequently encountered in medical practice has been set up. The data base was then tested with unknown species from patients. An identification score of 100% was achieved for four of the species. The lower score obtained for the other two species was explainedby the lack of representative spectra belonging to these strains in the initial data base. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method for strain typing, two clinical studies were conducted. The first study reports on to the longitudinal follow-up of C. Glabrata strains in an intensive care patient and the second concerns an epidemiological study where 13 C. Glabrata strains isolated from four differentpatients were investigated. In both cases, the FTIR results excluded an inter-human transmission. This was further confirmed by RAPD technique. These results confirm the potentials of (micro)FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate Candida strains both at species and strain levels. Besides its high information content, FTIR spectroscopy is a rapid, reliable, and low-cost technique and can be foreseen as a new diagnostic approach in medical mycology
Essendoubi, Mohammed Sockalingum Dhruvananda Ganesh. "Identification et typage par (micro) spectroscopie IRTF des levures du genre Candida d'origine clinique." S.n. : S.l, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000629.pdf.
Full textDumas, Severine. "Dosage du polymorphisme : spectrométrie IRTF et chimiométrie. Application aux formes polymorphes du CL20 (Hexaazahexanitroisowurtzitane / HNIW)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352294.
Full textDumas, Séverine. "Dosage du polymorphisme : spectrométrie IRTF et chimiométrie. Application aux formes polymorphes du CL20(Hexaazahexanitroisowurtzitane / HNIW)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10077.
Full textLewiner, France. "Application de la spectroscopie IRTF-ATR in situ au suivi en ligne de cristallisations discontinues." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10270.
Full textGrandmougin-Guibet, Florence. "Apport de la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) pour la caractérisation de bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2072.
Full textThe contribution of FTIR spectroscopy to the characterization of food interest bacteria was estimated. Three flora were studied, coryneform bacteria, Enterococcus strains and, originally, L. Casei mutant strains. In the study of 4 coryneform bacterial genera, we compared the results of IR spectra analyses with those of biotype 100 and ribotypy. Genera defined by both approaches match to 95%. Classifications give the same clusters for more than 80% strains. Using FTIR spectroscopy, the discrimination of 4 Enterococcus related species gave results comparable to ribotypy. The intraspecies characterization was possible. This approach was followed by a feasibility study to discriminate E. Faecalis strains regarding their origin which showed the FTIR spectroscopy ability to separate strains from human and bovine origins. The study of mutant strains derived from L. Casei allowed the correlation of spectral differences with the importance of mutations at all growth stages. These results contribute to the actual taxonomic discussions, notably for the wild strain of this study. These studies confirm the ability of FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate bacteria at genus, species and strain levels, and also to differentiate isogenic strains except for one mutation. Besides the information provided, this technique is rapid, reliable and inexpensive
Sekkal, Majda. "Utilisation conjointe de la spectrométrie IRTF et de la modélisation moléculaire à l'étude structurale des carraghénanes." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10118.
Full textYao, Seydou. "Imagerie IRTF de haute résolution des interactions cellules-fibres pour l'étude des effets pathogènes des amiantes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14611/document.
Full textLung disease as asbestosis and mesothelioma come from the interaction between asbestos fibers and human cells. The morphological and chemical heterogeneity of these fibers leads us to use analytical techniques capable of analyzing the organic/inorganic interaction. Our work aims the development of FTIR method couple with the synchrotron radiation. Thanks to that technique, we could analyse the effects of the asbestos fibers on a lung human cell. These technique has been developped on cultured cells directly on IR transparent substrates. The experimentation have been developped to in vitro RAMAN imaging of individual living cell in interaction with different types of fibers. The goal was a better understanding of the pathological effect of the asbestos fibers on the human lung cells
CHARDIN, AURELIE. "Etude de la super-basicite de liaison hydrogene par spectrometrie irtf. Construction de l'echelle pk#h#b." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT2002.
Full textDif, Karim. "Approche expérimentale de l'action du dioxyde de soufre sur des protéines modèles par ESI-TOFMS et IRTF." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066092.
Full textFourdrin, Chloé. "Effets d'irradiation dans les argiles : applications environnementale et géologique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656014.
Full textChiavassa, Thierry. "Etude de composés beta dicarbonylés : synthèse, photoexcitation et analyse par spectrométrie IRTF des espèces isolées en matrices cryogéniques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11015.
Full textDepecker, Christophe. "La réflexion diffuse associée à la spectrométrie IRTF : une nouvelle étape dans l'analyse "in situ" des composés solides." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10071.
Full textDepecker, Christophe. "La Réflexion diffuse associée à la spectrométrie IRTF une nouvelle étape dans l'analyse in situ des composés solides /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613035z.
Full textRuau, Olivier. "Applications de la microspectroscopie IRTF en modes transmission et réflexion spéculaire à la caractérisation chimique des matières organiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL146N.
Full textBoudaud, Nicolas. "Apport de la spectroscopie IRTF dans la caractérisation polyphasique de microorganismes impliqués dans les phénomènes de corrosion marine." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2017.
Full textMicrobiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) depends on the nature and metabolism of the microbial communities constituting the biofilm and the intrinsic properties of biofilm, developing on metallic surfaces under the influence of the physical and chemical environmental parameters. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacteria (TRB) are described to be particularly aggressive against immersed metallic materials. In order to study this particular flora, a sulfurogen reference library was created according to specific culture conditions. The analysis of infrared spectra of twenty-two SRB and TRB collection strains prove a clearly discrimination at the genus level. This spectral database was then used for comparative and phenotypic purposes to characterize biodiversity of cultivable anaerobic bacteria, potentially involved in accelerated localized corrosion of carbon steel coupons These coupons have been immersed twelve months in three different harbour zones (Le Havre, Marseille et Saint Nazaire). In parallel, this biodiversity was also evaluated by molecular and chromatographic methods. The obtained results from this experimental system have shown various atypical corrosion profiles according to immersed zones. The analysis of “deposits-biofilms" complexes showed that according to the cultivate methods used, three leading bacterial communities can be distinguished: the Vibrio genus (dominant community), the Desulfovibrio genus (metabolic group potentially corrosive) and the Clostridiales group (emergent community). By extension, potentialities of FT-IR spectroscopy for characterization of corrosive bacteria have paved the way to an applied industrial study. The implementation of this project has contributed to demonstrate the influence of bacterial communities on the "active" or "passive" character of biofilms formed on stainless steel materials
Merad, Laarej. "Etude par Spectroscopie Raman et Modélisation d'une Resine Composite RTM." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562474.
Full textROY, AMIEL CAROLINE. "Potentialites de la spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de fourier (irtf) pour l'identification et la caracterisation de bacteries d'implication laitiere." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2011.
Full textTaleb, Imane. "Apport de la spectroscopie vibrationnelle, infrarouge et Raman, appliquée au sérum pour le diagnostic de carcinome hépatocellulaire chez les patients atteints de cirrhose." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP201/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer death in the world. The identification of novel serum markers is crucial to improve the prognosis. In this work, we evaluated the potentiels of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, applied to serum to diagnose HCC. On a first step, two pilot studies were conducted to evaluate these two approaches. Raman spectroscopy applied to the serum was tested in 37 cirrhotic patients with HCC and 34 cirrhotic patients without HCC. Analysis of spectral data showed that it was possible to classify patients with a diagnostic accuracy rate of 85 to 91%. We also demonstrated the diagnostic performance of FTIR spectroscopy in a population of 40 patients with HCC and 39 patients without HCC. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 82 to 86%. In a second step, an FTIR study on a larger number of patients was performed to validate the results obtained in the pilot studiey. FTIR spectral characteristics of 308 serum from cirrhotic patients with HCC were compared with those of 509 cirrhotic patients without HCC. The supervised classification methods, SVM and PLS -DA were applied but did not confirm the results obtained in the pilot study. The diagnostic accuracy was between 50 and 60%, FTIR spectral analysis of whole serum does not appear discriminant enough to differentiate cirrhotic patients with and without HCC. This result highlights the need to confirm on a large number of patients results in pilot studies. Spectral analysis of serum fractions could be an alternative to more effectively identify diagnostic markers avoiding overlapping spectral information related to the complex composition of whole serum
Verot, Sabine. "Mouvements moléculaires dans des polyaryls para-substitués de type PEK, PEEK, PEEKK : approches par CNDO-2, IRTF et spectrométrie diélectrique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10079.
Full textDupuis, Jacqueline. "Contribution de la spectrométrie IRTF à l'étude de l'orientation moléculaire de films de polyéthylène en cours d'étirage et après relaxation." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10033.
Full textBlel, Mustapha. "Thermosensibilités d'enzymes (lactoperoxydase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) et structures protéiques en spectroscopie IRTF : utilisation comme indicateurs de traitements thermiques du lait." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10034.
Full textTwo protocols of quantification of enzymatic activity in milk were finalized. The first was the measurement of lactoperoxydase (LPO) activity. The second was the measurement of g-glutamyl transpeptidase (g-GT) activity. They incorporated a clarification step of the reaction mixture that allowed a direct spectrophotometric measurement from which an appreciable time-saving. Milk heated in the range of 50 to 80 °C showed that the thermo-sensitivity of LPO and g-GT renders these enzymes useful to estimate the efficiency or the severity of pasteurization. Results obtained with these protocols on various milks presented a good correlation (R2 ≥ 0,97) with those obtained with reference protocols. These new protocols could be applied on cheese too. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was selected for the study of changes in protein spatial conformation. When heating milk at 80 °C, protein b-sheet and a helix proportions decrease slightly. Proportion of turns and random coils increase. Turn proportion could serve as thermal indicator. These study will have to be confirmed by using a sufficient number of milks for which thermal historic is known
Dupuis, Jacqueline. "Contribution de la spectrométrie IRTF à l'étude de l'orientation moléculaire de films de polyéthylène en cours d'étirage et après relaxation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597346w.
Full textDavenel, Armel. "Contribution de la spectrométrie IRTF proche infrarouge à l'analyse quantitative des constituants de la matière végétale : application au suivi de vinifications." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11236.
Full textPayan, Sylvie. "Etude par spectroscopie IRTF de la dynamique de réorientation de cristaux liquides ferroélectriques et de leur organisation moléculaire en films ultraminces." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10617.
Full textDesenfant, Anthony. "Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD) de carbure de silicium (SiC) à partir de vinyltrichlorosilane (VTS) et de méthylsilane (MS)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0353/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand the gas-phase mechanisms that occured during the chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from two precursors with different chemistry (chlorinated precursor and non-chrloinated one). Thanks to this study, optimal conditions for infiltration with these two precursors should be found
Merad, Laarej. "Etude par spectroscopie Raman et modélisation d'une résine composite RTM." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ002S/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is a contribution to the study of these structures RTM Raman microscopy, to measure parameters such as curing, the identification of chemical compounds, contamination, uniformity as addenda but ... also on the use of these measures in the framework of a numerical modelling of these structures. This Thesis is a program for replacing the current intrusive, destructive and indirect measurement in-situ Raman via a sensor implanted in the equipment and system construction in an industrial environment. With the aim of optimization processes such as manufacturing wind turbine blades, bridges boat guarantee and quality criteria of technical parts with high added value and to optimize the physical and chemical related to the mission implemented in tooling
Mouillet, Virginie. "Spectroscopie des liants routiers : nouvelles approches macroscopiques. Relations pétroles bruts et caractéristiques des liants. Etude des interactions bitumes / polymères par microscopie IRTF." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30036.
Full textAt present, considering crude oils diversity and different formulations, there is a great variety of road bitumens, with chemical compounds or not (polymers,. . . ). So, physico-chemical methods of modified bitumens must set of macroscopic approaches and microscopic approaches too, ideal to characterize in situ differents components. Nevertheless, one of industrial difficulties of bitumens manufacturing is to choose quickly a crude oil or mixture of crude oils leading to the final characteristics wished for bitumens. In order to answer to this industrial matter, a new macroscopic approach of bitumens spectroscopic study, based upon statistical treatment, have been developped to create bitumens maps. These ones present a great benefit industrial as an decisional help. Explanatory patterns by multiple regression or partial least squares have enabled to identify links between chemical and physical parameters. So, inspite of the judicious choice of crude oils, bitumens, during their road service life, asphalts harden due to weathering (temperature, UV,. . . ). Consequently, their mechanical properties are modified. Then, in order to limit theses phenomenons, a polymer can be added. Polymer Modified Bitumens (PMB) are composite materials with a highly complex structure. Understanding how this microstructure is affected by any changes in PMB composition is a very important objective. So, for this purpose, FTIR microscopy and UV Fluorescence microscopy were used in order to characterize in situ differents components. FTIR microscopy displayed promising results to make a mapping of the specimen with respect to local polymer concentration. Most PMB display a biphasic structure with polymer rich areas along with polymer poor regions. The size and the composition of those areas are bitumen dependent. They also dramatically change through the cross linking process. The chemical species that swell the polymer involve certain types of aliphatics and slighty condensed aromatics. In any case, the polymer dispersion is greatly enhanced by the cross linking process
Wartelle, Corinne Lucie Frida. "Étude de la complexation électrocommandée de cations métalliques par un dérivé éther-couronne du TMT-TTF : apport de la spectroélectrochimie IRTF in situ." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-205-206.pdf.
Full textWaldura, Claire. "Identification de constituants dans des mélanges de gaz par spectrométrie IRTF résolue dans le temps : application à l'analyse des gaz d'échappement des moteurs." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10130.
Full textWartelle, Corinne Lucie Frida Sauvage François-Xavier. "Étude de la complexation électrocommandée de cations métalliques par un dérivé éther-couronne du TMT-TTF apport de la spectroélectrochimie IRTF in situ /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-205-206.pdf.
Full textArticles en anglais reproduits en annexe. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3335. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre et des articles.
Vert, Grégory. "Fonction et régulation des transporteurs de fer IRT1 et IRT2 d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0022.
Full textHovaneissian, Michael. "Différenciation de substances naturelles par diverses techniques analytiques : spectroscopie IRTF, CLHP / UV-visible / fluorimétrie et CPG / SM : application à l'étude d'échantillons officinaux et archéologiques." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0223.
Full textThe heritage valorization of the present University of Avignon brings to the study of several samples coming from the ancient pharmacy Sainte-Marthe. Theoretical and experimental studies lead to a better understanding of the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on the spectroscopic and chromatographic behavior of several anthraquinonic and indigoic dyes. They also contribute to the differentiation of vegetal balsamic resins styrax (Liquidambar spp. , Hamamelidaceae) and benzoin (Styrax spp. , Styracaceae), at the origin of many linguistic, botanical and chemical confusions. The formation of hydrogen bonds studied by molecular modeling and FT-IR spectroscopy, generates important bathochromic effects on the absorption wavelengths located in visible range. It also determines the retention of dihydroxyanthraquinones on reversed phases employed in HPLC. The analyses realized by HPLC-PDA-Fluorimetry and GC-MS contribute to the identification of lupeol, unusually present in Siam benzoin resin. They also permit the detection of possible adulterations of several aromatic oleoresins by dammar. Fluorimetric detection represents an analytical complement of photodiodes array detector. Indeed, the existence of fluorescent compounds like purpurin in madder (Rubia spp. , Rubiaceae), coniferyl benzoate for Siam benzoin resin and an unknown compound probably specific of liquid styrax, facilitates the differentiation of the species and the characterization of small amount, undetectable in UV, in contemporary and archaeological samples. Lastly, principal applications relate to the characterization of madder lakes among archaeological samples coming from a Pompeian artist workshop and the evaluation of the conservation of organic dyes found in the ancient pharmacy
Dozova, Nadia. "Réactivité de molécules d'intérêt stratosphérique : étude par spectroscopie IRTF et calculs théoriques des complexes binaires et ternaires formés dans le système CH3Cl+H2O+NO." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066253.
Full textCoste, Sandrine. "Evolutions structurale et microstructurale de précurseurs d'oxide de tellure élaborés par voie sol gel." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4be285e9-7648-43ad-aa46-b68cb7abb725/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0013.pdf.
Full textTellurium based glasses are very promising material for the preparation of optoelectronical devices as they present very high non linear indices. As the classical melting quenching technique is not adapted to the realisation of thin films, we have investigated the sol gel route. Gels are obtained in the tellurium isopropoxide / 2-propanol / acetic acid and tellurium isopropoxide / 2-propanol / citric acid / water systems. During gelification, chemical processes are followed by FTIR and the microstructural evolution is analysed by SAXS. The thermal evolution of the xerogels is characterised by XRD and DSC. The system tellurium isopropoxide / 2-propanol / acetic acid could allow to prepare powders. In the tellurium isopropoxide / 2-propanol / citric acid / water system, the reactivity of the alkoxide is strongly reduced and excellent quality thin films could be obtained
Kurka, Andreas. "Hydrogène dans les grenats riches en calcium : diffusion et stabilité des défauts OH." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30122.
Full textThe kinetics of hydrogen diffusion in garnet of grossular-andradite solid solution have been investigated under three different atmospheric conditions (air, Ar/D2, Ar/H2). FTIR-spectroscopy has been used in order to examine the OH concentration before and after annealing experiments. Under oxidizing conditions, all samples show different extraction kinetics for different OH bands which are considered to represent different OH defects. The kinetics are faster in iron-rich samples which underlines the importance of a redox reaction. Two types of activation energies have been observed under oxidizing conditions. Activation energies at around 200 kJmol-1 are interpreted to be linked to a mechanism controlled by polaron mobility, whereas activation energies at around 300 kJmol-1 are considered to be linked to a metal vacancy mechanism
Guechchati, Noureddine. "Etude par rpe et par irtf de matieres organiques : application a la serie phosphatee de tunisie et a la serie de charbons du sondage de gironville." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2036.
Full textGuechchati, Noureddine. "Etude par RPE et IRTF de matières organiques fossiles application à la série phosphatée de Tunisie et à la série de charbons du sondage de Gironville." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375937837.
Full textWehbe, Katia. "Usage of FTIR spectro-imaging for the development of a molecular anatomo-pathology of cerebral tumors." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13677/document.
Full textMalignant gliomas are very aggressive tumors with poor prognosis, highly angiogenic and invasive into the surrounding brain parenchyma, making their resection very difficult. Regarding the limits of current imaging techniques, we have proposed Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectro-imaging, with a spatial resolution of 6 µm, to provide molecular information for the histological examination of gliomas. Our work was based on the research of molecular parameters of blood vessels, notably on the basis of the contents of their basement membrane, which undergoes changes due to tumor angiogenic stress. We have identified alterations of the secondary structure of proteins (such as collagen) in blood vessels during tumor growth. We have also assessed the changes in fatty acyl chains of membrane phospholipids, which revealed a higher unsaturation level in tumor vessels. Then, on a murine glioma model, we have established an efficient method of blood vessels classification based on their carbohydrates and fats contents, allowing the differentiation between healthy and tumor blood vessels. The combination of these parameters was used to provide a molecular histopathology for the study of human gliomas. Our results have demonstrated the feasibility of differentiating between healthy and tumor vasculature in these human gliomas, which help delimitating areas of corresponding tissue. This technique could become a reliable and fast analytical tool, with duration compatible with the surgery and thus very useful for neurosurgeons
Graton, Jerome. "Basicité des Amines et de Nicotines : Liaison Hydrogène et Protonation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090950.
Full textRaunier, Sébastien. "Etude par spectrométrie IRTF de la réactivité de l'acide isocyanique (HNCO) avec des glaces composées d'eau et d'ammoniac : production spontanée de l'ion OCN ̄ dans le milieu interstellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009640.
Full textLahougue, Arnaud. "Étude de nouveaux systèmes catalytiques de type piège à NOx à base de terres rares : contribution à l’élaboration d’un catalyseur NOx-Trap via la spectroscopie IRTF Operando." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2002.
Full textThis study finds its application in exhaust gas post treatment catalysis, and more precisely in the nitrogen oxide abatement from Diesel exhausts. The aim of this work is to elaborate alternative NOx-Trap catalysts to those currently used, based on alkalines and alkaline-earths which present regeneration problems, and to understand reaction mechanisms. Following structural and surface studies, essential properties and elements able to answer these expectancies were identified. Then, new formulations containing rare earths were considered. These materials were then tested, simulating real working conditions (operando studies). Our experimental device allows simultaneously to analyse surface species (by IR) and the corresponding gas phase (by MS and IR) during alternate cycles simulating NOx-Trap process. Very interesting results were obtained on a ceria-zirconia catalyst domed by praseodymium (Pt/Ce0,59 Zr0,34 Pr0,07 O2). Its higher oxygen mobility and weaker basicity than others adsorbents as Ba or K, improve its storage efficiencies at low temperature, remaining active at high temperature, and allow nitrates and sulphates destorage under reducing flow. By modulating properties of these catalysts, we have therefore developed a material able to fulfill the requirements of NOx-Trap process
Miramont, Clément. "Appréciation des tanins, de la couleur et de l'astringence des raisins, moûts et vins par technologies analytiques IRTF et UV-visible couplées à l’analyse de régression multivariée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0091.
Full textThe rapid analytical appreciation (quantitative and qualitative) of the phenolic compounds of grapes, musts and red wines and their organoleptic incidence (astringency, bitterness) appears to be a challenge in oenology. Several analytical methods have been developed, but they require equipment, time and knowledge which do not allow them to be applied effectively in routine for industrial environment. To optimize the production of red wines in relation to anthocyanins and tannins concentrations and compositions, we have developed reliable prediction models for FTIR and UV-visible with PLS multivariate regression analysis.In order to obtain these expectations, a set of representative samples from grapes maturity, alcoholic fermentation, aging in barrels and commercial wines were collected. These samples were analyzed using different methods described in the literature, by chemical reaction or by HPLC-UV-visible analysis, in order to obtain the composition and concentration of flavan-3-ols, concentration and composition of anthocyanins, composition of monomeric and polymeric pigments and concentration of total tannins, bovine serum albumin and methylcellulose precipitable tannins. A selection of wines was also tested by a panel of trained tasters to determine an astringency and bitterness index, with FTIR and UV-visible spectra recording of these samples.Correlation between spectral analyzes and the various analytical information obtained were sought with PLS multivariate regression analysis, for designing prediction models. The different models were tested with cross validation, and validation with an external set of samples to the calibration.The results obtained demonstrate the interest of FTIR and UV-visible with PLS multivariate regression analysis to effectively predict anthocyanins and tannins concentrations and compositions in grapes, musts and wines. It appears that UV-visible is more suited to modeling global concentrations, while FTIR shows great potential for the characterization of molecular composition. The addition of specific visible wavelengths to FTIR has increased model robustness for predicting anthocyanin evolution. For astringency sensation, good preliminary results were obtained for FTIR and UV-visible. Bitterness turned out to be a too complex perception to be modelized.Prediction limits of the two spectroscopic methods were also discussed, especially the strong variability induced by different vintages studied who can strongly impact the prediction results and should not be overlooked, as well as the overinterpretation of predictive results for molecular anthocyanin concentrations may lead to questioning some models in the literature.Our work provides better understanding of the FTIR and UV-visible advantages and limits with PLS multivariate regression analysis for determination of anthocyanins and tannins in grapes, musts and wines. The possibility of modeling a perception such as astringency in an innovative way using spectral analysis was also investigated for the first time. All the results obtained have deepen the current knowledge on the subject and they allowed to develop new reliable and efficient prediction models, transferable for industrial use in the vine and wine sector