Academic literature on the topic 'IS-A ontology'
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Journal articles on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Kriegel, Uriah. "WHAT IS ONTOLOGY? A DIALOGUE." Think 18, no. 53 (2019): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175619000204.
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Waragai, Toshiharu. "Ontology as a Logical System of IS-A Relation." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 20 (2005): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.20.448.
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Janssen, Annelli, Colin Klein, and Marc Slors. "What is a cognitive ontology, anyway?" Philosophical Explorations 20, no. 2 (2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2017.1312496.
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Long, Bruce. "ISR is Still a Digital Ontology." Erkenntnis 85, no. 3 (2018): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-018-0041-5.
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Winfield, Richard Dien. "Is Hegel's logic a transcendental ontology?" Man and World 20, no. 3 (1987): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01249046.
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MEIJER, MICHIEL. "Is Charles Taylor (Still) a Weak Ontologist?" Dialogue 56, no. 1 (2017): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217317000038.
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In this paper, I critically discuss Charles Taylor’s employment of the concept of ontology by shining a spotlight on a shift in emphasis from an anthropocentric to a non-anthropocentric viewpoint in his more recent writings on ontology. I also argue that Stephen White’s characterization of Taylor’s ‘weak’ ontology, while revealing, only partly explains Taylor’s position, as White’s interpretation leaves no room for the metaphysical thrust in Taylor’s thought. Drawing attention to a Taylor left out of White’s Taylor, I ultimately seek to show why Taylor’s distinctive mode of argumentation is not consonant with White’s weak-ontological approach.
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Wright, Alison J., Lisa Zhang, Ella Howes, et al. "Specifying how intervention content is communicated: Development of a Style of Delivery Ontology." Wellcome Open Research 8 (October 12, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19899.1.
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Background: Investigating and enhancing the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions requires detailed and consistent specification of all aspects of interventions. We need to understand not only their content, that is the specific techniques, but also the source, mode, schedule, and style in which this content is delivered. Delivery style refers to the manner by which content is communicated to intervention participants. This paper reports the development of an ontology for specifying the style of delivery of interventions that depend on communication. This forms part of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, which aims to cover all aspects of behaviour change intervention scenarios. Methods: The Style of Delivery Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project, with seven key steps: 1) defining the scope of the ontology, 2) identifying key entities and developing their preliminary definitions by reviewing 100 behaviour change intervention evaluation reports and existing classification systems, 3) refining the ontology by piloting the ontology through annotations of 100 reports, 4) stakeholder review by eight behavioural science and public health experts, 5) inter-rater reliability testing through annotating 100 reports using the ontology, 6) specifying ontological relationships between entities, and 7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Results: The resulting ontology is a five-level hierarchical structure comprising 145 unique entities relevant to style of delivery. Key areas include communication processes, communication styles, and attributes of objects used in communication processes. Inter-rater reliability for annotating intervention evaluation reports was α=0.77 (good) for those familiar with the ontology and α=0.62 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it. Conclusions: The Style of Delivery Ontology can be used for both annotating and describing behaviour change interventions in a consistent and coherent manner, thereby improving evidence comparison, synthesis, replication, and implementation of effective interventions.
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Sad-Houari, Nawal, Noria Taghezout, and Aissa Nador. "A knowledge-based model for managing the ontology evolution: case study of maintenance in SONATRACH." Journal of Information Science 45, no. 4 (2018): 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551518802261.
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The challenges of the development of a suitable ontology scheme in decision-making environment should be taken in conjunction with the exploitation of more recent technologies. It is expected that the use of ontologies will lead to the construction of more intelligent applications, allowing them to work more specifically at a human conceptual level. We propose in this article an approach that analyses the impact of changes in the ontology on business rules in order to detect inconsistencies that may be generated. In addition, the developed tool provides solutions to repair inconsistencies with the help of domain experts. In our work, business rules are edited from the concepts and properties that are stored in an OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontology named OntoloG. This latter is implemented throughout the use of Protégé 4.0.2.with the OWL sub-language. OntoloG has been developed by the knowledge acquisition from documents, collection and capitalisation of business rules process with experts in SONATRACH AVAL.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Alison J. Wright, Robert West, et al. "An ontology of mechanisms of action in behaviour change interventions." Wellcome Open Research 8 (May 30, 2024): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19489.2.
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Background Behaviour change interventions influence behaviour through causal processes called “mechanisms of action” (MoAs). Reports of such interventions and their evaluations often use inconsistent or ambiguous terminology, creating problems for searching, evidence synthesis and theory development. This inconsistency includes the reporting of MoAs. An ontology can help address these challenges by serving as a classification system that labels and defines MoAs and their relationships. The aim of this study was to develop an ontology of MoAs of behaviour change interventions. Methods To develop the MoA Ontology, we (1) defined the ontology’s scope; (2) identified, labelled and defined the ontology’s entities; (3) refined the ontology by annotating (i.e., coding) MoAs in intervention reports; (4) refined the ontology via stakeholder review of the ontology’s comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) tested whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to annotate MoAs in intervention evaluation reports; (6) refined the relationships between entities; (7) reviewed the alignment of the MoA Ontology with other relevant ontologies, (8) reviewed the ontology’s alignment with the Theories and Techniques Tool; and (9) published a machine-readable version of the ontology. Results An MoA was defined as “a process that is causally active in the relationship between a behaviour change intervention scenario and its outcome behaviour”. We created an initial MoA Ontology with 261 entities through Steps 2-5. Inter-rater reliability for annotating study reports using these entities was α=0.68 (“acceptable”) for researchers familiar with the ontology and α=0.47 for researchers unfamiliar with it. As a result of additional revisions (Steps 6-8), 23 further entities were added to the ontology resulting in 284 entities organised in seven hierarchical levels. Conclusions The MoA Ontology extensively captures MoAs of behaviour change interventions. The ontology can serve as a controlled vocabulary for MoAs to consistently describe and synthesise evidence about MoAs across diverse sources.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Alison J. Wright, Robert West, et al. "An ontology of mechanisms of action in behaviour change interventions." Wellcome Open Research 8 (August 11, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19489.1.
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Background: Behaviour change interventions influence behaviour through causal processes called “mechanisms of action” (MoAs). Reports of such interventions and their evaluations often use inconsistent or ambiguous terminology, creating problems for searching, evidence synthesis and theory development. This inconsistency includes the reporting of MoAs. An ontology can help address these challenges by serving as a classification system that labels and defines MoAs and their relationships. The aim of this study was to develop an ontology of MoAs of behaviour change interventions. Methods: To develop the MoA Ontology, we (1) defined the ontology’s scope; (2) identified, labelled and defined the ontology’s entities; (3) refined the ontology by annotating (i.e., coding) MoAs in intervention reports; (4) refined the ontology via stakeholder review of the ontology’s comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) tested whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to annotate MoAs in intervention evaluation reports; (6) refined the relationships between entities; (7) reviewed the alignment of the MoA Ontology with other relevant ontologies, (8) reviewed the ontology’s alignment with the Theories and Techniques Tool; and (9) published a machine-readable version of the ontology. Results: An MoA was defined as “a process that is causally active in the relationship between a behaviour change intervention scenario and its outcome behaviour”. We created an initial MoA Ontology with 261 entities through Steps 2-5. Inter-rater reliability for annotating study reports using these entities was α=0.68 (“acceptable”) for researchers familiar with the ontology and α=0.47 for researchers unfamiliar with it. As a result of additional revisions (Steps 6-8), 21 further entities were added to the ontology resulting in 282 entities organised in seven hierarchical levels. Conclusions: The MoA Ontology extensively captures MoAs of behaviour change interventions. The ontology can serve as a controlled vocabulary for MoAs to consistently describe and synthesise evidence about MoAs across diverse sources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Dragisic, Zlatan. "Completing the Is-a Structure in Description Logics Ontologies." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110935.
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The World Wide Web contains large amounts of data and in most cases this data is without any explicit structure. The lack of structure makes it difficult for automated agents to understand and use such data. A step towards a more structured World Wide Web is the idea of the Semantic Web which aims at introducing semantics to data on the World Wide Web. One of the key technologies in this endeavour are ontologies which provide means for modeling a domain of interest. Developing and maintaining ontologies is not an easy task and it is often the case that defects are introduced into ontologies. This can be a problem for semantically-enabled applications such as ontology-based querying. Defects in ontologies directly influence the quality of the results of such applications as correct results can be missed and wrong results can be returned. This thesis considers one type of defects in ontologies, namely the problem of completing the is-a structure in ontologies represented in description logics. We focus on two variants of description logics, the EL family and ALC, which are often used in practice. The contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we formalize the problem of completing the is-a structure as a generalized TBox abduction problem (GTAP) which is a new type of abduction problem in description logics. Next, we provide algorithms for solving GTAP in the EL family and ALC description logics. Finally, we describe two implemented systems based on the introduced algorithms. The systems were evaluated in two experiments which have shown the usefulness of our approach. For example, in one experiment using ontologies from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 58 and 94 detected missing is-a relations were repaired by adding 54 and 101 is-a relations, respectively, introducing new knowledge to the ontologies.
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Shanahan, Mary. "My Name is a Blackbird: Dancing Toward a Productive Ontology of Change." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/570655.
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The dissertation is a theoretical autobiography weaving personal narrative, reflective practice, and engagement with extant sources, emphasizing somatic innovators and French philosophers Giles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. Rhizomatically structured, the dissertation takes as its locus of content My Name is a Blackbird, an extended choreographic project and series of performances I enacted between 2006 and 2010. Research begun during Blackbird further bled into subsequent years of solo and ensemble dance practice and performance, teaching, and contemplation, and continued to manifest personally and professionally as deepened curiosity about the dance’s abiding questions around the nature of form and identity. These questions motivated doctoral study and sustained throughout the dissertation process. The dissertation intersperses extant theories and somatics with autobiographical narratives depicting stories that pre- and post-date My Name is a Blackbird, and draw heavily from content culled while compiling and reflecting on an extensive document I call the Blackbird Archive, totally over one-thousand pages of material, including layers of quasi-repeated text, and my contemporaneous reflective analysis. I built the Archive during the first two and half years of writing the dissertation from raw materials documenting Blackbird, including transcribed audio from video tapes of rehearsals, conversations and interviews with collaborators, and artist and audience response to performances, plus my personal handwritten and digital journals. Working on and with the Archive prompted me to dig deeper into what was then my existing narrative about Blackbird, which originally foregrounded my discoveries as a dancer and performer of greater freedom of movement and expressive potential, including within the artist-audience exchange, through the release of my superficial abdominals. The dissertation charts a non-linear process through which I discovered that, in addition to this existing narrative of liberation, the Archive and my related memories sparked from the Archive, in conversation especially with Deleuze and Guattari, as well as revisiting and reconsidering my understandings of work by the somatic innovators and theorists, primarily Moshe Feldenkrais and Emilie Conrad, whose writing and methods shaped my practices during Blackbird, the dissertation project revealed that delving into occluded and more painful memories was necessary to tell a more complete story of the project. These memories include looking again at long term struggles with body dysmorphia and disordered eating, and, more so, grappling on the page with the impact of experiences of sexual trauma as a late adolescent and young adult, which shaped coping mechanisms that further informed ingrained movement preferences, bodily comportment, and whole-self orientation to time, effort, body, and form. The dissertation is organized into four parts. Part I introduces the document, Deleuze and Guattari as key conversation partners, and describes what I refer to as my methodological journey. Part II delves into the process and timeline for building the Blackbird Archive and describes the Blackbird project itself, focusing on the role of the concept of transmogrification. Part III explores experiences of time and body in Blackbird and autobiographical narratives that shaped my orientation to dance and performance, and Part IV uses Deleuze and Guattari’s work to articulate my experiences of and fantasies around dissolution of form and shifting identity.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Polcarová, Markéta. "ANYTHING IS A THING ENOUGH TO PARTY." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240570.
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This thesis "Anything is thing enough to party" seeks to explore the knowledge base of Jane Bennett's vital materialism and analyzes the connections between advanced capitalism, mobility and unpredictable movement of goods and things from the perspective of object oriented ontology. The thesis also focuses on the new perspective of ready-made object and perspective of installation. In order to research the topic and implement the practical part of the project, this study took place in Mexico as a self-initiated art residency in order to explore flows of found objects under the gaze of a foreigner.
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Kars, Aydogan. "World Is An Imagination: A Phenomenological Approach To The Ontology And Hermeneutics Of Ibn Al-." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610947/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to analyze the intertwined ontology and hermeneutics of the famous Muslim figure Ibn al-&lsquo<br>Arab&<br>#299<br>with a phenomenological hermeneutical approach. The research subject Ibn al-&lsquo<br>Arab&<br>#299<br>is to be scrutinized in comparison with Western phenomenology and hermeneutics. Hence, both phenomenology and hermeneutics will be not only the subject of the present study, but also its method of analysis. Throughout the study, Ibn al-&lsquo<br>Arab&<br>#299<br>&rsquo<br>s question of being and hermeneutics will be compared with Western phenomenology and hermeneutics, with particular focus on Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and Gadamer. In his account of ontology, the encounter of human being with the world happens always subjectively. On the side of hermeneutics, the world, which is textual, unfolds itself always through and only with interpretation. These two points can be unified and summed up in Ibn al-&lsquo<br>Arab&<br>#299<br>&rsquo<br>s claim that world is an imagination. World is disclosed always subjectively and via interpretation<br>it is an imagination both hermeneutically and ontologically.
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Walls, Jacob. "Is There a Way to Invoke the Music Itself Without Embarrassing Ourselves?" Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18384.
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The interpretation of analytical claims about music presents a dilemma between positivism and fictionalism: is it that the structures imputed by the analysis are part of the reality of "the music itself" or are the structures merely a shorthand? Although there is growing agreement that we lack direct epistemological access to the music itself, the dilemma does not disappear, in large part because we feel an ethical obligation to respect the music. We intend to "get it right" by hearing how we believe the music itself demands to be heard. This thesis adapts Simon Blackburn's quasi-realist program in meta-ethics to the ontological interpretation of music analysis. Quasi-realism allows scholars to hold that although analytical choices boil down to values, this does not prevent the expression of realist-sounding ontological claims implied by their work. The analogy with quasi-realism provides an additional motivation for further work in the ethics of music analysis.<br>2016-09-29
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Tao, Xiaohui. "Personalised ontology learning and mining for web information gathering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30278/1/Xiaohui_Tao_Thesis.pdf.
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Over the last decade, the rapid growth and adoption of the World Wide Web has further exacerbated user needs for e±cient mechanisms for information and knowledge location, selection, and retrieval. How to gather useful and meaningful information from the Web becomes challenging to users. The capture of user information needs is key to delivering users' desired information, and user pro¯les can help to capture information needs. However, e®ectively acquiring user pro¯les is di±cult. It is argued that if user background knowledge can be speci¯ed by ontolo- gies, more accurate user pro¯les can be acquired and thus information needs can be captured e®ectively. Web users implicitly possess concept models that are obtained from their experience and education, and use the concept models in information gathering. Prior to this work, much research has attempted to use ontologies to specify user background knowledge and user concept models. However, these works have a drawback in that they cannot move beyond the subsumption of super - and sub-class structure to emphasising the speci¯c se- mantic relations in a single computational model. This has also been a challenge for years in the knowledge engineering community. Thus, using ontologies to represent user concept models and to acquire user pro¯les remains an unsolved problem in personalised Web information gathering and knowledge engineering. In this thesis, an ontology learning and mining model is proposed to acquire user pro¯les for personalised Web information gathering. The proposed compu- tational model emphasises the speci¯c is-a and part-of semantic relations in one computational model. The world knowledge and users' Local Instance Reposito- ries are used to attempt to discover and specify user background knowledge. From a world knowledge base, personalised ontologies are constructed by adopting au- tomatic or semi-automatic techniques to extract user interest concepts, focusing on user information needs. A multidimensional ontology mining method, Speci- ¯city and Exhaustivity, is also introduced in this thesis for analysing the user background knowledge discovered and speci¯ed in user personalised ontologies. The ontology learning and mining model is evaluated by comparing with human- based and state-of-the-art computational models in experiments, using a large, standard data set. The experimental results are promising for evaluation. The proposed ontology learning and mining model in this thesis helps to develop a better understanding of user pro¯le acquisition, thus providing better design of personalised Web information gathering systems. The contributions are increasingly signi¯cant, given both the rapid explosion of Web information in recent years and today's accessibility to the Internet and the full text world.
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Tao, Xiaohui. "Personalised ontology learning and mining for web information gathering." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30278/.
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Over the last decade, the rapid growth and adoption of the World Wide Web has further exacerbated user needs for e±cient mechanisms for information and knowledge location, selection, and retrieval. How to gather useful and meaningful information from the Web becomes challenging to users. The capture of user information needs is key to delivering users' desired information, and user pro¯les can help to capture information needs. However, e®ectively acquiring user pro¯les is di±cult. It is argued that if user background knowledge can be speci¯ed by ontolo- gies, more accurate user pro¯les can be acquired and thus information needs can be captured e®ectively. Web users implicitly possess concept models that are obtained from their experience and education, and use the concept models in information gathering. Prior to this work, much research has attempted to use ontologies to specify user background knowledge and user concept models. However, these works have a drawback in that they cannot move beyond the subsumption of super - and sub-class structure to emphasising the speci¯c se- mantic relations in a single computational model. This has also been a challenge for years in the knowledge engineering community. Thus, using ontologies to represent user concept models and to acquire user pro¯les remains an unsolved problem in personalised Web information gathering and knowledge engineering. In this thesis, an ontology learning and mining model is proposed to acquire user pro¯les for personalised Web information gathering. The proposed compu- tational model emphasises the speci¯c is-a and part-of semantic relations in one computational model. The world knowledge and users' Local Instance Reposito- ries are used to attempt to discover and specify user background knowledge. From a world knowledge base, personalised ontologies are constructed by adopting au- tomatic or semi-automatic techniques to extract user interest concepts, focusing on user information needs. A multidimensional ontology mining method, Speci- ¯city and Exhaustivity, is also introduced in this thesis for analysing the user background knowledge discovered and speci¯ed in user personalised ontologies. The ontology learning and mining model is evaluated by comparing with human- based and state-of-the-art computational models in experiments, using a large, standard data set. The experimental results are promising for evaluation. The proposed ontology learning and mining model in this thesis helps to develop a better understanding of user pro¯le acquisition, thus providing better design of personalised Web information gathering systems. The contributions are increasingly signi¯cant, given both the rapid explosion of Web information in recent years and today's accessibility to the Internet and the full text world.
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Slade-Caffarel, Yannick. "Value is an Institution. The Empire of Value, ontology, and the methodology of economics as a social science." Thesis, Department of Political Economy, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10141.
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Monawar, Mônica Deitos Stedile. "If the lights are on, this is an epistemic indicative conditional: a study on modality." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7412.
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>This dissertation aims to discuss current Kratzerian approaches on modality and a few of its related features while contextualizing them ontologically as well as illustrating them with the analysis of Brazilian Portuguese epistemic indicative conditionals. This work consists of three chapters arranged interdependently. The first chapter provides ontological foundations concerning language and its connections with thought, mind, evolution and the world. Possible worlds theory, as well as knowledge and belief are also adressed in this chapter. Modality is approached as a phenomenon of the mind that is expressed in natural language in many ways, one of them, conditionals, is the focus of the analysis of this work. Chapter two concerns the formal approaches to the semantic analysis of modality in natural language, following the framework proposed by Kratzer (1977, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2012) with added discussions concerning evidentiality, epistemic modals, context and temporal and aspectual relations. Chapter three discusses the notions adressed in the previous chapter concerning their application in the analysis of Brazilian Portuguese epistemic indicative conditionals. This work seeks to provide theoretical improvements to the analysis of modality in natural language, as well as to expand the formal linguistic analysis of modality in Brazilian Portuguese.<br>Esta dissertação busca discutir abordagens Kratzerianas atuais da modalidade e algumas de suas características relacionadas enquanto contextualizando-as ontologicamente, bem como ilustrando-as com a análise dos condicionais indicativos epistêmicos do português brasileiro. Este trabalho consiste em três capítulos organizados de forma interdependente. O primeiro capítulo fornece as fundações ontológicas a respeito da linguagem e as suas conexões com o pensamento, a mente, evolução e o mundo. A teoria de mundos possíveis, bem como conhecimento e crença são abordados nesse capítulo. Modalidade é tratada como um fenômeno da mente que é expresso em linguagem natural de várias formas, uma delas, condicionais, é o foco da análise nesse trabalho. O capítulo dois trata das abordagens formais à semântica da modalidade em linguagem natural, seguindo o arcabouço proposto por Kratzer (1977, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2012) acrescido de discussões acerca da evidencialidade, modais epistêmicos, contexto e relações temporais e aspectuais. O capítulo três discute as noções abordadas no capítulo anterior em relação as suas aplicações na análise dos condicionais indicativos epistêmicos em português brasileiro. Esse trabalho busca fornecer melhorias teóricas à análise da modalidade em linguagem natural, bem como expandir a análise linguística formal da modalidade em português brasileiro.
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Monawar, M?nica Deitos Stedile. "If the lights are on, this is an epistemic indicative conditional : a study on modality." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6159.
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-22<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq<br>This dissertation aims to discuss current Kratzerian approaches on modality
and a few of its related features while contextualizing them ontologically as well as
illustrating them with the analysis of Brazilian Portuguese epistemic indicative
conditionals. This work consists of three chapters arranged interdependently. The
first chapter provides ontological foundations concerning language and its
connections with thought, mind, evolution and the world. Possible worlds theory, as
well as knowledge and belief are also adressed in this chapter. Modality is
approached as a phenomenon of the mind that is expressed in natural language in
many ways, one of them, conditionals, is the focus of the analysis of this work.
Chapter two concerns the formal approaches to the semantic analysis of modality
in natural language, following the framework proposed by Kratzer (1977, 1979,
1981, 1986, 1991, 2012) with added discussions concerning evidentiality, epistemic
modals, context and temporal and aspectual relations. Chapter three discusses the
notions adressed in the previous chapter concerning their application in the analysis
of Brazilian Portuguese epistemic indicative conditionals. This work seeks to provide
theoretical improvements to the analysis of modality in natural language, as well as
to expand the formal linguistic analysis of modality in Brazilian Portuguese.<br>Esta disserta??o busca discutir abordagens Kratzerianas atuais da
modalidade e algumas de suas caracter?sticas relacionadas enquanto
contextualizando-as ontologicamente, bem como ilustrando-as com a an?lise dos
condicionais indicativos epist?micos do portugu?s brasileiro. Este trabalho consiste
em tr?s cap?tulos organizados de forma interdependente. O primeiro cap?tulo
fornece as funda??es ontol?gicas a respeito da linguagem e as suas conex?es com
o pensamento, a mente, evolu??o e o mundo. A teoria de mundos poss?veis, bem
como conhecimento e cren?a s?o abordados nesse cap?tulo. Modalidade ? tratada
como um fen?meno da mente que ? expresso em linguagem natural de v?rias
formas, uma delas, condicionais, ? o foco da an?lise nesse trabalho. O cap?tulo dois
trata das abordagens formais ? sem?ntica da modalidade em linguagem natural,
seguindo o arcabou?o proposto por Kratzer (1977, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2012)
acrescido de discuss?es acerca da evidencialidade, modais epist?micos, contexto
e rela??es temporais e aspectuais. O cap?tulo tr?s discute as no??es abordadas no
cap?tulo anterior em rela??o as suas aplica??es na an?lise dos condicionais
indicativos epist?micos em portugu?s brasileiro. Esse trabalho busca fornecer
melhorias te?ricas ? an?lise da modalidade em linguagem natural, bem como
expandir a an?lise lingu?stica formal da modalidade em portugu?s brasileiro.
Books on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Lor, Na, and Uzma Chowdhury. What Is a Research Paradigm? Understanding Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781036223311.
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Hart, James G. Who One Is: Meontology of the “I”: A Transcendental Phenomenology. Springer Netherlands, 2009.
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Lipskiy, Boris. Fundamentals of ontology. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860990.
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The purpose of the textbook is to form students' holistic understanding of the key ideas and categories of ontology, general orientation in its conceptual framework, theoretical and methodological problems, as well as the use of ontological knowledge in solving practical problems.
 It is aimed at familiarizing students with the fundamental problems of ontology, which form the basis of philosophical knowledge as a whole.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is intended for students of the 47.03.01 "Philosophy" field of study studying the discipline "Ontology and theory of knowledge". The presented material is considered and discussed mainly in the historical and cultural context, so that it can be used as an additional one for students in the areas of training 46.03.01 "History" and 51.03.01 "Cultural studies".
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Rousselle, Duane, and Jason Adams, eds. Ontological Anarché. punctum books, 2014. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0060.1.00.
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Radical theory has always been beset by the question of ontology, albeit to varying degrees and under differing conditions. In recent years, in particular, political metaphysics has returned with force: the rise of Deleuze-influenced “new materialisms,” along with post-/non-Deleuzian Speculative Realism (SR) and Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO), all bear testament to this. In this same period, anarchism has returned as a major influence on social movements and critical scholarship alike. What, then, are some of the potential resonances between these currents, particularly given that anarchism has so often been understood/misunderstood as a fundamentally idealist philosophy? This special issue of Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies (Issue 2013.2) considers these questions in dialogue with the new materialisms, Speculative Realism, and Object-Oriented Ontology, in order to seek new points of departure. It is in this sense that ADCS also strives to play a critical role recent discussions in the wider political, cultural, and philosophical milieu.
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Adams, Robert Merrihew. What Is, and What Is in Itself: A Systematic Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2021.
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What Is, and What Is in Itself: A Systematic Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2024.
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Mendelovici, Angela. Is Intentionality a Relation to a Content? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863807.003.0009.
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This chapter argues against the relation view of intentionality, on which intentionality is a relation to distinctly existing contents, and for the alternative aspect view, on which intentionality is a matter of having states with certain aspects. The relation view faces two problems: First, it cannot accommodate all the intentional contents we can manifestly represent without accepting a bloated ontology, which suggests that the view is wrong-headed. Second, it is not clear why being related to an item should make it perceptually represented, thought, entertained, or otherwise represented. The relation view might be thought to have many virtues that the aspect view lacks: It is arguably supported by common sense, allows for public contents, provides an account of structured intentional states, facilitates a theory of truth and reference, and is congenial to externalism. This chapter argues that the aspect view has any such truth-indicating virtues to the same extent as the relation view.
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Chakravartty, Anjan. Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651459.003.0001.
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This chapter considers the relationship between scientific and philosophical approaches to ontology, with the aim of clarifying what it means to engage in the project of scientific ontology. It introduces the most influential conceptions of ontology to emerge in the history of philosophy of science. These include deflationary views, which redescribe talk of ontology in terms of other things, as well as views which, conversely, take ontology at face value as an inquiry seeking knowledge of what there is in the world—a world whose existence is independent of the thoughts one may have concerning it. It is argued that the sciences do not yield ontologies until and unless they are interpreted, which requires some recourse to philosophical thinking, and that case studies of science cannot by themselves settle disputes about how these interpretations should go.
Book chapters on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Hens, Kristien. "6. A Dog Is a Dog Is a Dog." In Chance Encounters. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0320.06.
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Londoño-Paredes, Diego Enrique. "Is Modernity a precursor of psychosis?" In A Social Ontology of Psychosis. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032663616-11.
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Cohen, Claire. "Problematization — A Critical Ontology of the Present." In Male Rape is a Feminist Issue. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137035103_2.
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Schmitz, Michael. "What is a Mode Account of Collective Intentionality?" In Social Ontology and Collective Intentionality. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33236-9_3.
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Schaupp, Anna Magdalena. "Ontology Is Social. How Arendt Solves a Wittgensteinian Problem." In Women Phenomenologists on Social Ontology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97861-1_15.
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Restuccia, Frances. "Is the Gaze a State of Exception?" In Agamben’s Political Ontology of Nudity in Literature and Art. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429261749-9.
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Khan, Hasham, Muhammad Saqib, Hasan Ali Khattak, Syed Imran Ali, and Sungyoung Lee. "Ontology Alignment for Accurate Ontology Matching: A Survey." In Digital Health Transformation, Smart Ageing, and Managing Disability. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43950-6_31.
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AbstractEdge computing, a distributed computing architecture within the knowledge-defined network (KDN), faces challenges due to the significant disparities and data heterogeneity among its nodes, hindering their interaction. Ontology, a solution within the Semantic Web, is well-suited for addressing data heterogeneity and matching ontologies effectively. However, ontology matching presents difficulties due to non-linear mathematical issues. To overcome these challenges, the generative adversarial network (GAN), an unsupervised learning method, has emerged as a promising tool. GAN consists of two models with distinct objectives trained against eachother to achieve optimal outcomes. This paper introduces SA-GAN, an algorithm that combines GAN with simulation-based annealing to enhance its effectiveness. SA-GAN utilizes a stagnation counter to expedite the convergence speed of GAN. Through experiments conducted on a renowned ontology benchmark, the paper demonstrates that SA-GAN, along with other ontology matching algorithms, can identify the best alignments. Consequently, SA-GAN facilitates the construction of bridges in edge computing, improving its overall effectiveness.
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Kennedy, John M., and Marta Wnuczko. "What Is a Surface? In the Real World? And Pictures?" In Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14090-2_6.
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Schreiber, Fabio A. "Is Time a Real Time? An Overview of Time Ontology in Informatics." In Real Time Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88049-0_14.
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Stenner, Paul. "This Is Not … a Turn to Affect: Feeling Between Ontology and Anthropology." In Liminality and Experience. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27211-9_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Carral, David, Lucas Larroque, and Michaël Thomazo. "Ontology-Based Query Answering over Datalog-Expressible Rule Sets is Undecidable." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/22.
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Ontology-based query answering is a problem that takes as input a set of facts F, an ontology R (typically expressed by existential rules), a Boolean query q , and asks whether R and F entails q. This problem is undecidable in general, and a widely investigated approach to tackle it is called query rewriting: from (R,q) (a ``rule query'') is computed q_R such that for any set of facts F, it holds that R and F entail q iff F entails q_R. The literature mostly focused on q_R expressed as a union of conjunctive queries (UCQs), and an algorithm that such a q_R whenever it exists has been proposed in the literature. However, UCQ-rewritability is applicable only in restricted settings. This raises the question whether such a generic algorithm can be designed for a more expressive language, such as datalog. We solve this question by the negative, by studying the difference between datalog-expressibility and datalog-rewritability. In particular, we show that query answering under datalog-expressible rule queries is undecidable.
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Bienvenu, Meghyn, Diego Figueira, and Pierre Lafourcade. "Shapley Value Computation in Ontology-Mediated Query Answering." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/15.
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The Shapley value, originally introduced in cooperative game theory for wealth distribution, has found use in KR and databases for the purpose of assigning scores to formulas and database tuples based upon their contribution to obtaining a query result or inconsistency. In the present paper, we explore the use of Shapley values in ontology-mediated query answering (OMQA) and present a detailed complexity analysis of Shapley value computation (SVC) in the OMQA setting. In particular, we establish a FP / #P-hard dichotomy for SVC for ontology-mediated queries (T, q) composed of an ontology T is formulated in the description logic ELHIbot and a connected constant-free homomorphism-closed query q. We further show that the #P-hardness side of the dichotomy can be strengthened to cover possibly disconnected queries with constants. Our results exploit recently discovered connections between SVC and probabilistic query evaluation and allow us to generalize existing results on probabilistic OMQA.
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"A Non-concept is Not a ¬Concept." In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004149704010404.
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Dessi, Nicoletta, and Maurizio Atzori. "Is Wikipedia a Latent Gene Ontology?" In 2017 IEEE 26th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wetice.2017.19.
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"ONTOLOGICAL MODELLING TO SUPPORT THE PLANNING OF IS DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES - A Position Paper." In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003118003190324.
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Mohtashamian, Maryamsadat, Rashmie Abeysinghe, Xubing Hao, and Licong Cui. "Identifying Missing IS-A Relations in Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm55620.2022.9995614.
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Fukumoto, Fumiyo, Yoshimi Suzuki та Attaporn Wangpoonsarp. "Is (President,大統領) a Correct Sense Pair? - Linking and Creating Bilingual Sense Correspondences". У 9th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006489900390048.
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Abu-Hijlih, Ramiz, Imad Jaradat, Abdelatif Almousa, and Fawzi Abuhijla. "The Ontology of Radiation Oncology and Big Data: Is there a synergy?" In 2018 1st International Conference on Cancer Care Informatics (CCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cancercare.2018.8618234.
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Ameri, Farhad, and Boonserm Kulvatunyou. "Modeling a Supply Chain Reference Ontology Based on a Top-Level Ontology." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98278.
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Abstract Several supply-chain ontologies have been introduced in the past decade with the promise of enabling supply chain interoperability. However, the existing supply-chain ontologies have several gaps with respect to completeness, logical consistency, domain accuracy, and the development approach. In this work, we propose a new, supply-chain, reference ontology that is 1) based on an existing top-level ontology and 2) developed using a collaborative, ontology-development, best practice. We chose this approach because empirical studies have shown the usefulness of adopting a top-level ontology both for improving the efficiency of the development process and enhancing the quality of the resulting ontology. The proposed proof-of-concept reference ontology is developed in the context of the Industrial Ontology Foundry (IOF). IOF is an international effort aimed at providing a coherent set of modular and publicly-available ontologies for the manufacturing sector. Although the proposed reference ontology is still at the draft stage, this paper shows that it has already benefited from the collaborative development process that involves inputs from the other working groups within IOF. Additionally, as a way to validate the proposed reference ontology, an application ontology related to a supplier discovery and evaluation use case is derived from the reference ontology and tested.
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Kim, OkJoon, Uma Jayaram, Sankar Jayaram, and Lijuan Zhu. "An Ontology Mapping Application Using a Shared Ontology Approach and a Bridge Ontology." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87754.
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This paper presents our continuing work to develop methods to exchange product knowledge in the semantic level in the CAD/CAE domains. We present an approach based on a shared ontology, in which a higher level of ontologies are shared among lower levels of ontologies. Key mapping strategies, such as Equivalency, Attribute Similarity, Composition Similarity, and Inheritance Similarity are defined to map concepts and properties defined in a product design domain and an assembly simulation domain. In addition, a Bridge Ontology is designed to store information obtained from mapping processes and construct a link between different knowledge repositories. An Ontology Mapping Application (OMA) which brings together all these elements has been designed and implemented. It is a Java-based application that allows the user to load source and target ontologies, calculate concept and property similarities between them, display the mapping results, and output a corresponding Bridge Ontology.
Reports on the topic "IS-A ontology"
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Tarasenko, Roman A., Viktor B. Shapovalov, Stanislav A. Usenko, et al. Comparison of ontology with non-ontology tools for educational research. [б. в.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4432.
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Providing complex digital support for scientific research is an urgent problem that requires the creation of useful tools. Cognitive IT-platform Polyhedron has used to collect both existing informational ontology- based tools, and specially designed to complement a full-stack of instruments for digital support for scientific research. Ontological tools have generated using the Polyhedron converter using data from Google sheets. Tools “Search systems”, “Hypothesis test system”, “Centre for collective use”, “The selection of methods”, “The selection of research equipment”, “Sources recommended by Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine”, “Scopus sources”, “The promising developments of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” were created and structured in the centralized ontology. A comparison of each tool to existing classic web-based analogue provided and described.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Ismail Ilkan Ceylan, and Thomas Lukasiewicz. Ontology-Mediated Query Answering over Log-Linear Probabilistic Data. Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2023.221.
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Large-scale knowledge bases are at the heart of modern information systems. Their knowledge is inherently uncertain, and hence they are often materialized as probabilistic databases. However, probabilistic database management systems typically lack the capability to incorporate implicit background knowledge and, consequently, fail to capture some intuitive query answers. Ontology-mediated query answering is a popular paradigm for encoding commonsense knowledge, which can provide more complete answers to user queries. We propose a new data model that integrates the paradigm of ontology-mediated query answering with probabilistic databases, employing a log-linear probability model. We compare our approach to existing proposals, and provide supporting computational results.
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Kriegel, Francesco. Optimal Fixed-Premise Repairs of EL TBoxes (Extended Version). Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.321.
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Reasoners can be used to derive implicit consequences from an ontology. Sometimes unwanted consequences are revealed, indicating errors or privacy-sensitive information, and the ontology needs to be appropriately repaired. The classical approach is to remove just enough axioms such that the unwanted consequences vanish. However, this is often too rough since mere axiom deletion also erases many other consequences that might actually be desired. The goal should not be to remove a minimal number of axioms but to modify the ontology such that only a minimal number of consequences is removed, including the unwanted ones. Specifically, a repair should rather be logically entailed by the input ontology, instead of being a subset. To this end, we introduce a framework for computing fixed-premise repairs of $\mathcal{EL}$ TBoxes. In the first variant the conclusions must be generalizations of those in the input TBox, while in the second variant no such restriction is imposed. In both variants, every repair is entailed by an optimal one and, up to equivalence, the set of all optimal repairs can be computed in exponential time. A prototypical implementation is provided. In addition, we show new complexity results regarding gentle repairs. This is an extended version of an article accepted at the 45th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence (KI 2022).
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Baader, Franz, Martin Knechtel, and Rafael Peñaloza. Computing Boundaries for Reasoning in Sub-Ontologies. Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.171.
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Consider an ontology T where every axiom is labeled with an element of a lattice (L, ≤). Then every element l of L determines a sub-ontology Tl, which consists of the axioms of T whose labels are greater or equal to l. These labels may be interpreted as required access rights, in which case Tl is the sub-ontology that a user with access right l is allowed to see, or as trust levels, in which case Tl consists of those axioms that we trust with level at least l. Given a consequence α (such as a subsumption relationship between concepts) that follows from the whole ontology T, we want to know from which of the sub-ontologies Tl determined by lattice elements l the consequence α still follows. However, instead of reasoning with Tl in the deployment phase of the ontology, we want to pre-compute this information during the development phase. More precisely, we want to compute what we call a boundary for α, i.e., an element μα of L such that α follows from T l iff l ≤ μα. In this paper we show that, under certain restrictions on the elements l used to define the sub-ontologies, such a boundary always exists, and we describe black-box approaches for computing it that are generalizations of approaches for axiom pinpointing in description logics. We also present first experimental results that compare the efficiency of these approaches on real-world ontologies.
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Suntisrivaraporn, Boontawee. Module Extraction and Incremental Classification: A Pragmatic Approach for EL ⁺ Ontologies. Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.161.
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The description logic EL⁺ has recently proved practically useful in the life science domain with presence of several large-scale biomedical ontologies such as Snomed ct. To deal with ontologies of this scale, standard reasoning of classification is essential but not sufficient. The ability to extract relevant fragments from a large ontology and to incrementally classify it has become more crucial to support ontology design, maintenance and reuse. In this paper, we propose a pragmatic approach to module extraction and incremental classification for EL⁺ ontologies and report on empirical evaluations of our algorithms which have been implemented as an extension of the CEL reasoner.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Marco Cerami, and Rafael Peñaloza. Subsumption in Finitely Valued Fuzzy EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.212.
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Aus der Einleitung: Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms that are successfully applied in many application domains. They provide the logical foundation for the Direct Semantics of the standard web ontology language OWL2. The light-weight DL EL, underlying the OWL2 EL profile, is of particular interest since all common reasoning problems are polynomial in this logic, and it is used in many prominent biomedical ontologies like SNOMEDCT and the Gene Ontology.
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Ruvinsky, Alicia, Maria Seale, R. Salter, and Natàlia Garcia-Reyero. An ontology for an epigenetics approach to prognostics and health management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46632.
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Techniques in prognostics and health management have advanced considerably in the last few decades, enabled by breakthroughs in computational methods and supporting technologies. These predictive models, whether data-driven or physics-based, target the modeling of a system’s aggregate performance. As such, they generalize assumptions about the modelled system’s components, and are thus limited in their ability to represent individual components and the dynamic environmental factors that affect composite system health. To address this deficiency, we have developed an epigenetics-inspired knowledge representation for engineered system state that encompasses components and environmental factors. Epigenetics is concerned with explaining how environmental factors affect the expression of an organism’s genetic material. The field has derived important in-sights into the development and progression of disease states based on how environmental factors impact genetic material, causing variations in how a gene is expressed. The health of an engineered system is similarly influenced by its environment. A foundation for a new approach to prognostics based on epigenetics must begin by representing the entities and relationships of an engineered system from the perspective of epigenetics. This paper presents an ontology for an epigenetics-inspired representation of an engineered system. An ontology describing the epigenetics of an engineered system will enable the composition of a formal model and the incremental development of a more robust, causal reasoning system.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Marcel Lippmann, and Veronika Thost. Temporal Query Answering w.r.t. DL-Lite-Ontologies. Technische Universität Dresden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.195.
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Ontology-based data access (OBDA) generalizes query answering in relational databases. It allows to query a database by using the language of an ontology, abstracting from the actual relations of the database. For ontologies formulated in Description Logics of the DL-Lite family, OBDA can be realized by rewriting the query into a classical first-order query, e.g. an SQL query, by compiling the information of the ontology into the query. The query is then answered using classical database techniques. In this report, we consider a temporal version of OBDA. We propose a temporal query language that combines a linear temporal logic with queries over DL-Litecore-ontologies. This language is well-suited for expressing temporal properties of dynamical systems and is useful in context-aware applications that need to detect specific situations. Using a first-order rewriting approach, we transform our temporal queries into queries over a temporal database. We then present three approaches to answering the resulting queries, all having different advantages and drawbacks.
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Ma, Yue, and Felix Distel. Learning Formal Definitions for Snomed CT from Text. Technische Universität Dresden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.193.
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Snomed CT is a widely used medical ontology which is formally expressed in a fragment of the Description Logic EL++. The underlying logics allow for expressive querying, yet make it costly to maintain and extend the ontology. Existing approaches for ontology generation mostly focus on learning superclass or subclass relations and therefore fail to be used to generate Snomed CT definitions. In this paper, we present an approach for the extraction of Snomed CT definitions from natural language texts, based on the distance relation extraction approach. By benefiting from a relatively large amount of textual data for the medical domain and the rich content of Snomed CT, such an approach comes with the benefit that no manually labelled corpus is required. We also show that the type information for Snomed CT concept is an important feature to be examined for such a system. We test and evaluate the approach using two types of texts. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is promising to assist Snomed CT development.
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Ludwig, Michel, and Rafael Peñaloza. Error-Tolerant Reasoning in the Description Logic EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.209.
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Developing and maintaining ontologies is an expensive and error-prone task. After an error is detected, users may have to wait for a long time before a corrected version of the ontology is available. In the meantime, one might still want to derive meaningful knowledge from the ontology, while avoiding the known errors. We study error-tolerant reasoning tasks in the description logic EL. While these problems are intractable, we propose methods for improving the reasoning times by precompiling information about the known errors and using proof-theoretic techniques for computing justifications. A prototypical implementation shows that our approach is feasible for large ontologies used in practice.