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Kriegel, Uriah. "WHAT IS ONTOLOGY? A DIALOGUE." Think 18, no. 53 (2019): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175619000204.
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Waragai, Toshiharu. "Ontology as a Logical System of IS-A Relation." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 20 (2005): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.20.448.
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Janssen, Annelli, Colin Klein, and Marc Slors. "What is a cognitive ontology, anyway?" Philosophical Explorations 20, no. 2 (2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2017.1312496.
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Long, Bruce. "ISR is Still a Digital Ontology." Erkenntnis 85, no. 3 (2018): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-018-0041-5.
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Winfield, Richard Dien. "Is Hegel's logic a transcendental ontology?" Man and World 20, no. 3 (1987): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01249046.
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MEIJER, MICHIEL. "Is Charles Taylor (Still) a Weak Ontologist?" Dialogue 56, no. 1 (2017): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217317000038.
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In this paper, I critically discuss Charles Taylor’s employment of the concept of ontology by shining a spotlight on a shift in emphasis from an anthropocentric to a non-anthropocentric viewpoint in his more recent writings on ontology. I also argue that Stephen White’s characterization of Taylor’s ‘weak’ ontology, while revealing, only partly explains Taylor’s position, as White’s interpretation leaves no room for the metaphysical thrust in Taylor’s thought. Drawing attention to a Taylor left out of White’s Taylor, I ultimately seek to show why Taylor’s distinctive mode of argumentation is not consonant with White’s weak-ontological approach.
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Wright, Alison J., Lisa Zhang, Ella Howes, et al. "Specifying how intervention content is communicated: Development of a Style of Delivery Ontology." Wellcome Open Research 8 (October 12, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19899.1.
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Background: Investigating and enhancing the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions requires detailed and consistent specification of all aspects of interventions. We need to understand not only their content, that is the specific techniques, but also the source, mode, schedule, and style in which this content is delivered. Delivery style refers to the manner by which content is communicated to intervention participants. This paper reports the development of an ontology for specifying the style of delivery of interventions that depend on communication. This forms part of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, which aims to cover all aspects of behaviour change intervention scenarios. Methods: The Style of Delivery Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project, with seven key steps: 1) defining the scope of the ontology, 2) identifying key entities and developing their preliminary definitions by reviewing 100 behaviour change intervention evaluation reports and existing classification systems, 3) refining the ontology by piloting the ontology through annotations of 100 reports, 4) stakeholder review by eight behavioural science and public health experts, 5) inter-rater reliability testing through annotating 100 reports using the ontology, 6) specifying ontological relationships between entities, and 7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Results: The resulting ontology is a five-level hierarchical structure comprising 145 unique entities relevant to style of delivery. Key areas include communication processes, communication styles, and attributes of objects used in communication processes. Inter-rater reliability for annotating intervention evaluation reports was α=0.77 (good) for those familiar with the ontology and α=0.62 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it. Conclusions: The Style of Delivery Ontology can be used for both annotating and describing behaviour change interventions in a consistent and coherent manner, thereby improving evidence comparison, synthesis, replication, and implementation of effective interventions.
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Sad-Houari, Nawal, Noria Taghezout, and Aissa Nador. "A knowledge-based model for managing the ontology evolution: case study of maintenance in SONATRACH." Journal of Information Science 45, no. 4 (2018): 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551518802261.
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The challenges of the development of a suitable ontology scheme in decision-making environment should be taken in conjunction with the exploitation of more recent technologies. It is expected that the use of ontologies will lead to the construction of more intelligent applications, allowing them to work more specifically at a human conceptual level. We propose in this article an approach that analyses the impact of changes in the ontology on business rules in order to detect inconsistencies that may be generated. In addition, the developed tool provides solutions to repair inconsistencies with the help of domain experts. In our work, business rules are edited from the concepts and properties that are stored in an OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontology named OntoloG. This latter is implemented throughout the use of Protégé 4.0.2.with the OWL sub-language. OntoloG has been developed by the knowledge acquisition from documents, collection and capitalisation of business rules process with experts in SONATRACH AVAL.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Alison J. Wright, Robert West, et al. "An ontology of mechanisms of action in behaviour change interventions." Wellcome Open Research 8 (May 30, 2024): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19489.2.
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Background Behaviour change interventions influence behaviour through causal processes called “mechanisms of action” (MoAs). Reports of such interventions and their evaluations often use inconsistent or ambiguous terminology, creating problems for searching, evidence synthesis and theory development. This inconsistency includes the reporting of MoAs. An ontology can help address these challenges by serving as a classification system that labels and defines MoAs and their relationships. The aim of this study was to develop an ontology of MoAs of behaviour change interventions. Methods To develop the MoA Ontology, we (1) defined the ontology’s scope; (2) identified, labelled and defined the ontology’s entities; (3) refined the ontology by annotating (i.e., coding) MoAs in intervention reports; (4) refined the ontology via stakeholder review of the ontology’s comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) tested whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to annotate MoAs in intervention evaluation reports; (6) refined the relationships between entities; (7) reviewed the alignment of the MoA Ontology with other relevant ontologies, (8) reviewed the ontology’s alignment with the Theories and Techniques Tool; and (9) published a machine-readable version of the ontology. Results An MoA was defined as “a process that is causally active in the relationship between a behaviour change intervention scenario and its outcome behaviour”. We created an initial MoA Ontology with 261 entities through Steps 2-5. Inter-rater reliability for annotating study reports using these entities was α=0.68 (“acceptable”) for researchers familiar with the ontology and α=0.47 for researchers unfamiliar with it. As a result of additional revisions (Steps 6-8), 23 further entities were added to the ontology resulting in 284 entities organised in seven hierarchical levels. Conclusions The MoA Ontology extensively captures MoAs of behaviour change interventions. The ontology can serve as a controlled vocabulary for MoAs to consistently describe and synthesise evidence about MoAs across diverse sources.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Alison J. Wright, Robert West, et al. "An ontology of mechanisms of action in behaviour change interventions." Wellcome Open Research 8 (August 11, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19489.1.
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Background: Behaviour change interventions influence behaviour through causal processes called “mechanisms of action” (MoAs). Reports of such interventions and their evaluations often use inconsistent or ambiguous terminology, creating problems for searching, evidence synthesis and theory development. This inconsistency includes the reporting of MoAs. An ontology can help address these challenges by serving as a classification system that labels and defines MoAs and their relationships. The aim of this study was to develop an ontology of MoAs of behaviour change interventions. Methods: To develop the MoA Ontology, we (1) defined the ontology’s scope; (2) identified, labelled and defined the ontology’s entities; (3) refined the ontology by annotating (i.e., coding) MoAs in intervention reports; (4) refined the ontology via stakeholder review of the ontology’s comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) tested whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to annotate MoAs in intervention evaluation reports; (6) refined the relationships between entities; (7) reviewed the alignment of the MoA Ontology with other relevant ontologies, (8) reviewed the ontology’s alignment with the Theories and Techniques Tool; and (9) published a machine-readable version of the ontology. Results: An MoA was defined as “a process that is causally active in the relationship between a behaviour change intervention scenario and its outcome behaviour”. We created an initial MoA Ontology with 261 entities through Steps 2-5. Inter-rater reliability for annotating study reports using these entities was α=0.68 (“acceptable”) for researchers familiar with the ontology and α=0.47 for researchers unfamiliar with it. As a result of additional revisions (Steps 6-8), 21 further entities were added to the ontology resulting in 282 entities organised in seven hierarchical levels. Conclusions: The MoA Ontology extensively captures MoAs of behaviour change interventions. The ontology can serve as a controlled vocabulary for MoAs to consistently describe and synthesise evidence about MoAs across diverse sources.
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Mizoguchi, Riichiro. "What Is Causation? – A Solution from Ontology Engineering." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (2020): C—J52_1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.c-j52.
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Pak, In-chan. "Is the World Flat? : A Study on Posthuman Materialisms in the Pandemic Era." Sookmyung Research Institute of Humanities 11 (June 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37123/th.2022.11.1.
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Unprecedented disasters have urged us to reconsider the relationships between man and matter, between man and nature. There seems no objection to the fact that the global spread of the pandemic and climate crisis derive from the capitalist way of life. Flat ontology is a posthumanist thesis that puts humans on the same plane as matter and nonhumans. This paper discusses the significance and limits of flat ontology that runs through posthuman materialisms including new materialisms and object-oriented ontology.
 The discussion starts with the humanist tradition of a deep mistrust of matter and the main tenets of flat ontology Latour, DeLanda, and Bryant have argued against it. Their theories, while different from one another, similarly insist on changing the world in terms of the ontological equality or symmetry of entities existing in the world.
 Analyzing those interrelated approaches critically intervenes in their arguments and examines if flat ontology may have complicit relationships with reality and contribute to the reterritorialization of capitalism. The politics of the posthuman projects to reorient materalism could be evaluated through this study.
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von Rosing, Mark, and Wim Laurier. "An Introduction to the Business Ontology." International Journal of Conceptual Structures and Smart Applications 3, no. 1 (2015): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcssa.2015010102.
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Based on the long-standing work of the Global University Alliance and its members, ontology is introduced for the business domain. This ‘business ontology' incorporates all the constructs that can be found in the most popular business standards and frameworks. The business ontology's research and development journey is detailed; in terms of the how the research and findings came about, including the underlying academic design science that is informed by practitioners' industrial experiences. It explains the value of ontology, from which the need for the business ontology can be justified and gives it presence in business practice. The paper concludes with a discussion on the ontology's present status and future potential.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Janna Hastings, Micaela Santilli, et al. "Towards an ontology of mental health: Protocol for developing an ontology to structure and integrate evidence regarding anxiety, depression and psychosis." Wellcome Open Research 9 (November 14, 2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.2.
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Background Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews and present them in a structured online data repository. Aim This study aims to develop an ontology of mental health that includes entities with clear labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health, focusing on anxiety, depression and psychosis. Methods We will develop and apply the GALENOS Mental Health Ontology through eight steps: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology’s entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) structuring the ontology’s upper level (4) refining entities via iterative stakeholder consultations regarding the ontology’s clarity and scope; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online; (7) integrating the ontology into the data repository; and (8) exploring the ontology-structured repository’s usability. Conclusion and discussion The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex upper-level entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication and evidence synthesis about anxiety, depression and psychosis across the GALENOS Project’s living systematic reviews. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, linking, retrieving and synthesising evidence.
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Reyes Peña, Cecilia, Mireya Tovar Vidal, and Concepción Stephanie Vázquez González. "Creation of a consulting tool and implementation of an ontology for a Master’s Degree Program in Computer Sciences." Revista Colombiana de Computación 19, no. 1 (2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29375/25392115.3227.
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In this paper, a manual ontology for a Computer Sciences Master program constructed, that uses some elements from the METHONTOLOGY, Grüninger and Fox, and Bravo’s methodologies, is presented. A series of steps to identify and represent the Master’s Degree program’s knowledge base has been followed. Afterwards, first order logic axioms and competency questions to evaluate the ontology are used. The development of a module written in Python language is used for evaluating the ontology through competency questions defined during design phase. This module is flexible enough to present predefined or defined questions by the user in running time and to obtain results to the queries representing the competency questions. Elements as a hierarchy class diagram and a description of the relations and attributes are used in this ontology’s construction. Keywords: Ontology; Python tool; SPARQL language.
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Schenk, Paulina M., Janna Hastings, and Susan Michie. "Developing the Mental Health Ontology: Protocol for a step-wise method to develop an ontology for the mental health domain as part of the GALENOS Project." Wellcome Open Research 9 (February 15, 2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.1.
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Background Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews. It will also be an aid to synthesising evidence in the wider mental health field. Aim The aim of the study is to develop a Mental Health Ontology that includes entities with clear and unique labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health. Methods We will develop the Mental Health Ontology through six steps: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology’s entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) identifying and refining entities and their structure by drawing on existing classification frameworks; (4) refining entities via iterative stakeholder consultations regarding the ontology’s clarity and comprehensiveness; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; and (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online. Conclusion and discussion The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication about mental health across research groups and disciplines, and evidence synthesis across different sources. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, retrieving and synthesising evidence.
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Li, Ting Shun, and Ling Na Meng. "Research on the Construction Method of Ontology Knowledge Base in Smart Grid Based on Dynamic Description Logic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1636.
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With the principle of dynamic description logic, which introduces the concept of grid domain ontologys knowledge representation, a system is built that can be shared by each businesses ontology knowledge base in smart grid. First, combine attributive concept language with complements language using dynamic description logic with ALC language to build a smart grid domain ontology. And then use the ontology knowledge to build the final ontology knowledge base that can greatly improve the efficiency of information query and clearly express the basic concepts, properties, processing methods and internal relations of the smart grid domain knowledge, which is conducive to promote China's smart grid construction.
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Ejei, Fatemeh, Beheshti Molouk Sadat Hosseini, Taghi Rajabi, and Zeinab Ejehi. "Enriching Semantic Relations of Basic Sciences Ontology." Knowledge Organization 44, no. 5 (2017): 318–25. https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2017-5-318.
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Ontology is the tool for representing knowledge in the fields of knowledge organization and artificial intelligence, and in the past decade, has gained attention in the semantic web as well.‎ The main necessity in developing an ontology is generating a hierarchical structure of the concepts and the next requirement is creating and determining the type of the semantic relations among concepts.‎ The present article introduces a semi-automated method for enriching semantic relations in the basic sciences ontology, which was developed based on domain-specific thesauri.‎ In the proposed method, first the hierarchical relations in the ontology are reviewed and refined in order to distinguish their different types.‎ In the next step, the concepts in the ontology are classified and the semantic relations among the concepts, based on the associative relationships in the thesaurus and semantic relation patterns extracted from a top-level ontology, are distinguished and added to the ontology.‎ Using this method, semantic relations in the area of chemistry in the basic sciences ontology were refined and enriched.‎ Almost seventy percent of the associative relationships were directly converted to semantic relations in the ontology.‎ The remaining thirty percent are the inter-concept relations that can be concluded from other relations if the other associative relationships are correctly converted to semantic relations.‎
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Lauer, Richard. "Is Social Ontology Prior to Social Scientific Methodology?" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, no. 3 (2019): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393119840328.
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In this article, I examine “Ontology Matters!” (OM!) arguments. OM! arguments conclude that ontology can contribute to empirical success in social science. First, I capture the common form between different OM! arguments. Second, I describe quantifier variance as discussed in metaontology. Third, I apply quantifier variance to the common form of OM! arguments. I then present two ways in which ontology is prior to social science methodology, one realist and one pragmatic. I argue that a pragmatic interpretation of ontology’s priority gives proponents of realist OM! arguments a special burden that they must meet to render their argument successful.
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Harré, Rom. "Is there a Basic Ontology for the Physical Sciences ?" Dialectica 51, no. 1 (2005): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1997.tb00019.x.
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Tao, CHEN, SU Rina, ZHANG Yongjuan, YIN Xin, and ZHU Rui. "Ontology Service Center: A Datahub for Ontology Application." International journal of Web & Semantic Technology 12, no. 03 (2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwest.2021.12301.
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With the growth of data-oriented research in humanities, a large number of research datasets have been created and published through web services. However, how to discover, integrate and reuse these distributed heterogeneous research datasets is a challenging task. Ontology is the soul between series digital humanities resources, which provides a good way for people to discover and understand these datasets. With the release of more and more linked open data and knowledge bases, a large number of ontologies have been produced at the same time. These ontologies have different publishing formats, consumption patterns, and interactions ways, which are not conductive to the user’s understanding of the datasets and the reuse of the ontologies. The Ontology Service Center platform consists of Ontology Query Center and Ontology Validation Center, mainly using linked data and ontology-based technologies. The Ontology Query Center realizes the functions of ontology publishing, querying, data interaction and online browsing, while the Ontology Validation Center can verify the status of using certain ontologies in the linked datasets. The empirical part of the paper uses the Confucius portrait as an example of how OSC can be used in the semantic annotation of images. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to construct the applied ecology of ontology to promote the development of knowledge graphs and the spread of ontology.
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Urena, Pedro. "Learning IS-A relations from specialized-domain texts with co-occurrence measures." Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research 2, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2018.9916.
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<p>Ontology enrichment is a classification problem in which an algorithm categorizes an input conceptual unit in the corresponding node in a target ontology. Conceptual enrichment is of great importance both to Knowledge Engineering and Natural Language Processing, because it helps maximize the efficacy of intelligent systems, making them more adaptable to scenarios where information is produced by means of language. Following previous research on distributional semantics, this paper presents a case study of ontology enrichment using a feature-extraction method which relies on collocational information from corpora. The major advantage of this method is that it can help locate an input unit within its corresponding superordinate node in a taxonomy using a relatively small number of lexical features. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, this paper presents an experiment consisting of the automatic classification of a chemical substance in a taxonomy of toxicology.</p>
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Mawikere, Marde Christian Stenly, Sudiria Hura, and Hendrik Legi. "Paradigma Biblika, Teologis dan Ontologis Mengenai Perintisan Jemaat." DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.52879/didasko.v4i1.105.
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This research explores the fundamental differences between the concept of Church Planting and general approaches in contemporary church growth. The article highlights that church planting is driven by strong theological principles, putting church ontology as the cornerstone. It is presented that hermeneutics must precede methodology, and theology must precede anthropology. Readers are invited to explore the deeper and scholarly dimensions of Church Planting. Church planting involves planting congregations and emphasizing the ontological dimension closely related to evangelism, in accordance with biblical teachings. Qualitative research with a hermeneutic approach and theological studies reveals that the ontology of church planting is derived from the Bible, involving a proper understanding of church doctrine. This article makes an important contribution to the scholarly discourse on church planting, discussing theological, ontological, and finally methodological aspects as implications. This article makes an important contribution to the scholarly discourse on church planting, discussing theological, ontological, and finally methodological aspects as implications. The novelty of this study lies in an approach that emphasizes a deeper understanding of the concept of church planting, distinguishes it from the general approach to church growth, and highlights the urgency of church ontology as the main foundation in church planting, which then has implications in the methodology and practice of church evangelism.AbstrakPenelitian ini mengeksplorasi perbedaan fundamental antara konsep Perintisan Jemaat dan pendekatan umum dalam pertumbuhan gereja kontemporer.. Artikel menyoroti bahwa perintisan jemaat didorong oleh prinsip-prinsip teologi yang kuat, mengedepankan ontologi gereja sebagai landasan utama. Disajikan bahwa hermeneutik harus mendahului metodologi, dan teologi harus mendahului antropologi. Pembaca diundang untuk menjelajahi dimensi lebih mendalam dan ilmiah terkait Perintisan Jemaat. Perintisan jemaat melibatkan upaya menanam jemaat dan menekankan dimensi ontologis terkait erat dengan penginjilan, sesuai dengan ajaran Alkitab. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik dan kajian teologis mengungkapkan bahwa ontologi perintisan jemaat bersumber dari Alkitab, melibatkan pemahaman doktrin gereja yang tepat. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam wacana ilmiah mengenai perintisan jemaat, membahas aspek teologis, ontologis, dan terakhir aspek metodologis sebagai implikasinya. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam wacana ilmiah mengenai perintisan jemaat, membahas aspek teologis, ontologis, dan terakhir aspek metodologis sebagai implikasinya. Kebaharuan dari penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan yang menekankan pemahaman yang lebih dalam terhadap konsep perintisan jemaat, membedakannya dari pendekatan umum dalam pertumbuhan gereja, serta menyoroti urgensi ontologi gereja sebagai landasan utama dalam perintisan jemaat, yang kemudian membawa implikasi dalam metodologi dan praktik penginjilan gereja.
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Saf, Maksum Rois Adin. "Pemodelan Ontologi Rekam Medis dengan Pendekatan Landasan Hukum Rekam Medis dan Relational Database." PETIR 13, no. 2 (2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/petir.v13i2.988.
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ABSTRACT
 Medical Record is one of confidential file that has a definite legal basis included in its management.Nowdays electronic medical record was developed rapidly, but the implementation of the legal basisfor medical records in the information system has not been carried out properly. Furthermore theconceptualization of the legal basis of medical records into the ontology model produces a modelthat is not easily translated into a medical record management information system design. In thisresearch. This study uses the Architecture Analysis method of Tradeoff Method to create a relationaldatabase model and then converted into an ontology with the RTAXON method. The results of thisresearch are medical record ontology models that meet the legal requirements and have ease ofimplementation in the information system. Based on the OntoQA method on the results of theontology modeling has value of Relationship Richness (RR) = 0.78, this ontology is information richor diverse and has more non-inheritance relations. Value of Attribute Richness (AR) = 6.6 , thisontology has a lot of information with an average of each class having 6 attributes. The value ofInheritance Richness (IR) = 4.5, this ontology has general knowledge, when compared with theprevious ontology there is between PSM and SWETO.
 ABSTRAK
 Rekam Medis merupakan bagian dari berkas khusus yang memiliki landasan hukum pasti dalampengelolaanya oleh instansi yang diizinkan. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi membuatpengembangan sistem informasi pengelolaan rekam medis banyak dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak,akan tetapi implementasi landasan hukum rekam medis ke dalam sistem informasi tersebut belumdilakukan secara baik. Di lain sisi konseptualisasi landasan hukum rekam medis ke dalam modelontologi menghasilkan model yang tidak mudah diterjemahkan ke dalam sebuah rancangan sisteminformasi pengelolaan rekam medis. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses konseptualisasi danvisualisasi rekam medis dengan menggabungkan metode pengembangan ontologi denganpendekatan model database relasional untuk menghasilkan sebuah model ontologi yang memenuhiseluruh aspek landasan hukum rekam medis dan juga mudah digunakan untuk pengembangan sisteminformasi pengelolaan rekam medis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Architecture TradeoffAnalysis Method untuk menghasilkan rancangan Database Relational yang kemudian dikonversikanmenjadi ontologi dengan metode RTAXON. Hasil dari peneltian ini adalah sebuah model ontologirekam medis yang memenuhi kepatuhan terhadap aturan perundangan dan memiliki kemudahanuntuk diimplementasikan ke dalam sistem informasi. Berdasarkan pengujian dengan metodeOntoQA pada hasil pemodelan ontologi yang dibuat, diperoleh nilai Relationship Richness (RR) =
 0,78, yang artinya ontologi ini bersifat kaya informasi atau berragam dan lebih banyak relasi non-inheritance.Dannilai Attribute Richness (AR) = 6,6, yang artinya ontologi ini memiliki informasi
 yang banyak dengan rata-rata setiap class memiliki 6 attribute. Adapun nilai Inhertitance Richness(IR) = 4,5, yang artinya ontologi ini memiliki pengetahuan yang umum, jika dibandingkan denganontologi terdahulu ada diantara PSM dan SWETO.
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Naser, Curtis R. "What Is Life, and What Is a Machine? The Ontology of Bioengineering." Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 28, no. 3-4 (2000): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v28.i34.340.
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Warmke, Craig. "What Is, and What Is in Itself: A Systematic Ontology." Philosophical Review 133, no. 4 (2024): 415–19. https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-11499435.
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de Rozario, Richard. "Matching a Trope Ontology to the Basic Formal Ontology." Philosophies 4, no. 3 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies4030040.
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Applied ontology, at the foundational level, is as much philosophy as engineering and as such provides a different aspect of contemporary natural philosophy. A prominent foundational ontology in this field is the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is important for lesser known ontologies, like the trope ontology of interest here, to match to BFO because BFO acts like the glue between many disparate ontologies. Moreover, such matchings provide philosophical insight into ontologies. As such, the core research question here is how we can match a trope ontology to BFO (which is based on universals) and what insights such a matching provides for foundational ontology. This article provides a logical matching, starting with BFO’s top entities (continuants and occurrences) and identifies key ontological issues that arise, such as whether universals and mereological sums are equivalent. This article concludes with general observations about the matching, including that matching to universals is generally straightforward, but not so much the matching between relations. In particular, the treatment of occurrences as causal chains is different in the trope ontology, compared to BFO’s use of time arguments.
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Leszczynski, Agnieszka. "Poststructuralism and GIS: Is There a ‘Disconnect’?" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27, no. 4 (2009): 581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d1607.
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Human geography critiques of GIS are operationalized under a unique interpretation of ontology and epistemology. Internal to poststructuralism, this metaphysics collapses the traditional separation between ontology and epistemology, reducing ontological questions to epistemological constructs. Although critiques have moved beyond an initial fixation upon positivism, critical/cultural assessments of GIS tendered within the last ten years continue to motivate epistemology as a basis for its deconstruction. The epistemological reductionism of such a reading of the technology inappropriately abstracts GIS from its ontic basis in computing, giving rise to a fundamental ‘disconnect’ of poststructuralist metaphysics to the technology. This disconnect is identified in terms of (1) the epistemic fallacy, which, underwritten by (2) an ‘undoing’ of the metaphysics of presence, culminates in (3) an effective ‘deontologization’ of an immediately ontic entity. This does not negate the poststructuralist critique of GIS, but it necessitates that critical engagements of the technology accord a material ontological ground to the objects of critique.
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Briskievicz, Danilo Arnaldo. "A ontologia da singularidade e a educação em Hannah Arendt: Uma preparação para o mundo." Revista Portuguesa de Educação 31, no. 1 (2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/rpe.12082.
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Investigamos no pensamento de Hannah Arendt a possibilidade de uma ontologia da singularidade relacionada diretamente com a educação, como protomomento da ontologia da pluralidade, iniciada com o nascimento e ampliada pela chegada ao mundo comum, ao espaço da ação. Destacamos alguns pontos de sua teoria política, inter-relacionando-os com apontamentos sobre a educação do texto A Crise da Educação, de 1958. Apresentamos a educação como espaço privilegiado de formação da vida do espírito, essencial, por ser inicial, em tempo e espaço para o exercício pleno da vita activa. A ontologia da singularidade é fundamentada a partir de seis pontos em que é preciso: acolher, preparar e incluir os singulares; fomentar espaços para o discursar, valorizar as diferenças e preservar a tradição. Apresentamos dois antimodelos para a ontologia da singularidade: na educação escolar, os campos de concentração, pela prerrogativa do uso da violência e da mudez; para os educandos, Adolf Eichmann, por causa de seu vazio de pensamento e incapacidade de agir criativamente no mundo. Propomos que a duração da educação é proporcional à criatividade narracional da tradição pela autoridade dos professores.Palavras-chave: Hannah Arendt; Ontologia da singularidade; Filosofia da educação; Vida do espírito ABSTRACTWe investigate in Hannah Arendt's thinking the possibility of an ontology of singularity directly related to education, as protomoment of the ontology of plurality, initiated with the birth and enlarged by the arrival to the common world, to the space of action. We highlight some points of her political theory interrelating them with notes on education of the text The Crisis of Education, 1958. We present education as a privileged space of formation of the life of the mind, essential, for being initial, in time and space for the full exercise of the vita activa. The ontology of the singularity is based on six points in which it is necessary: to welcome, to prepare and to include the singular ones; to create spaces to promote discourse, to value differences, and to preserve tradition. We present two antimodels for the ontology of singularity: in school education, the concentration camps, by the prerogative of the use of violence and dumbness; for the pupils, Adolf Eichmann, due to his emptiness of thought and incapacity to act creatively in the world. We propose that the duration of education is proportional to the narrative creativity of tradition by the authority of teachers.Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Ontology of singularity; Philosophy of education; Life of the spirit
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M Marques, Marta, Robert West, Candice Moore, et al. "Specifying the Schedule of Delivery of Interventions within the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology." Wellcome Open Research 9 (December 9, 2024): 721. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23236.1.
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Background Advancing and applying behavioural science requires clear, consistent and coherent descriptions of behaviour change interventions. Ontologies provide a means to do this and enable information to be computer-readable. This study aimed to develop an ontology describing the ‘schedule of delivery’ of behaviour change interventions within the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Methods The Behaviour Change Intervention Schedule of Delivery Ontology (BCISDO) was developed following the method developed for the BCIO: 1) defining the ontology’s scope through literature review, 2) specifying the entities, their labels, definitions and relationships, 3) refining the ontology by piloting its use in annotations, 4) stakeholder review of the ontology’s comprehensiveness and clarity; 5) inter-rater reliability testing through annotating intervention reports using the ontology; 6) specifying the relationships between classes; and 7) publishing a machine-readable version of the ontology. Results Schedule of Delivery was defined as ‘A behaviour change intervention attribute that is its temporal organisation’. The initial version comprised 9 classes (e.g., intervention temporal part, intervention duration). Following annotations, stakeholder review and team discussions, four classes were added. Inter-rater reliability was α= 0.54 for researchers familiar with the ontology and, following updates to the annotation guidance, α=0.60 (acceptable) for researchers unfamiliar with it. Differences were readily resolved through discussion. The results from inter-rater reliability and further team discussions led to additional changes in the ontology. The final ontology contains 49 classes; 14 refer to the duration and frequency of an intervention, its temporal parts and contact events, and 45 refer to their associated aggregation data items (e.g. mean, maximum). Conclusions The BCISDO provides a reliable means of describing the temporal organisation of behaviour change interventions. It is linked with other BCIO ontologies describing characteristics of delivery (e.g. mode of delivery), content and dose (i.e. the amount), contributing to the accumulation of evidence in behavioural science.
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Rossi, Rafael. "Geografia e Ontologia Marxiana Geography and Marxian Ontology." GEOGRAFIA (Londrina) 25, no. 2 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2016v25n2p79.
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De modo geral a Geografia é tratada apenas do ponto de vista gnosiológico enquanto um ramo da ciência que se especializou no estudo das diferentes dimensões físicas, sociais e outras que produzem o espaço geográfico. Certamente a Geografia é, também, uma ciência própria, específica. Todavia, propomos neste artigo uma reflexão de ordem ontológica materialista a respeito da Geografia. Neste sentido, podemos compreendê-la enquanto um complexo universal, ou seja, ontológico do ser social. Para demonstrar a necessidade deste raciocínio e deste modo de encarar esta problemática, trazemos as contribuições do filósofo húngaro Gyrogy Lukács, em especial, no tocante à sua monumental Ontologia do Ser Social, pois nesta obra há reflexões imprescindíveis para a compreensão a respeito da constituição do mundo dos homens numa perspectiva eminentemente crítica, radical e revolucionária. AbstractIn general geography is treated just the gnoseological point of view, as a branch of science that specializes in the study of different physical, social and other that produces the geographical space. Certainly Geography is also a separate, specific science. However, in this article we propose a materialist ontological reflection on Geography. In this sense, we can understand it as a universal complex, ie the ontological social being. To demonstrate the need for this reason and this way of looking at this issue, we bring the contributions of the Hungarian philosopher Gyrogy Lukács, in particular with regard to its monumental Ontology of Social Being, because this work there are reflections essential for understanding on the formation of world of men in a highly critical perspective, radical and revolutionary.
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Jacky, Emiliano. "Coaching ontológico y violencia: notas de apertura para una investigación por venir." Castalia - Revista de Psicología de la Academia, no. 39 (January 31, 2023): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/07198051.39.2393.
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Con este artículo deseo compartir un conjunto de hallazgos sobre la práctica del coaching ontológico que pueden servir para desarrollar las preguntas que formula el dossier sobre ontología y violencia. Se trata de un trabajo que vengo realizando junto al Grupo de Estudios sobre Problemas Sociales y Filosóficos, Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires, que inscribo en el dominio de la ontología social, y que tiene su primer avance en el libro colectivo Vidas diseñadas: Crítica del coaching ontológico. En un primer momento, caracterizo la perspectiva analítica desde donde entiendo la ontología social, a saber, el nominalismo relacional. A continuación, despliego algunas preguntas generales sobre el enunciado “ontologías de la violencia, violencias de la ontología”. Finalmente, retomo ciertas escenas de este singular tipo de coaching y verifico cuatro vinculaciones situadas entre ontología y violencia.
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 With this article I wish to share a set of findings on the practice of ontological coaching that can be used to develop the questions posed in the dossier on ontology and violence. This is a work that I have been doing together with our Group of Studies on Social and Philosophical Problems (GEPSyF/ IIGG-UBA), which I inscribe in the domain of social ontology, and which has its first advance in the collective book Vidas diseñadas. Crítica del coaching ontológico. First, I characterize the analytical perspective from which I understand social ontology, that is, relational nominalism. Then, I deploy some general questions about the statement "ontologies of violence, violences of ontology". Finally, I take up certain scenes of this singular type of coaching and verify four situated links between ontology and violence.
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Zhu, Hong Mei, Yong Quan Liang, Qi Jia Tian, and Shu Juan Ji. "A Method for Ontology Module Selection." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.577.
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The central idea of ontology engineering in semantic Web is extensive reuse of existing ontology. Ontology selection mechanism should offer support for modularization and automatic knowledge reuse. Because the chance of finding a completely covering ontology is extremely low, the present ontology selection mechanism frequently returns a collection of ontology that jointly cover the query vocabulary and the returned ontology should be extracted and combined. The efficiency of most existing ontology extraction algorithm and the decomposition algorithm is low when they try to get a suitable ontology module from a large ontology at run time. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a kind of ontology module selection method without the use of top ontology: Decomposes the big ontology into ontology modules in advance, inquires and chooses the corresponding ontology modules from the ontology module base in application stage, applies or composes the selected ontology modules in the next step. In this paper, relevant concepts and criterions of ontology modules selection are studied, including basic notions and conventions. Method of ontology module selection is described. Candidate ontology module identification and evaluation method are introduced; preliminary experimental results and the corresponding analysis are shown at the last section.
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RUCKHAUS, EDNA, EDUARDO RUIZ, and MARÍA-ESTHER VIDAL. "Query evaluation and optimization in the semantic web." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 8, no. 3 (2008): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068407003225.
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AbstractWe address the problem of answering Web ontology queries efficiently. An ontology is formalized as adeductive ontology base(DOB), a deductive database that comprises the ontology's inference axioms and facts. A cost-based query optimization technique for DOB is presented. A hybrid cost model is proposed to estimate the cost and cardinality of basic and inferred facts. Cardinality and cost of inferred facts are estimated using an adaptive sampling technique, while techniques of traditional relational cost models are used for estimating the cost of basic facts and conjunctive ontology queries. Finally, we implement a dynamic-programming optimization algorithm to identify query evaluation plans that minimize the number of intermediate inferred facts. We modeled a subset of the Web ontology language Lite as a DOB and performed an experimental study to analyze the predictive capacity of our cost model and the benefits of the query optimization technique. Our study has been conducted over synthetic and real-world Web ontology language ontologies and shows that the techniques are accurate and improve query performance.
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Gruber, David R. "There Is No Brain: Rethinking Neuroscience through a Nomadic Ontology." Body & Society 25, no. 2 (2019): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x19838320.
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Building from recent attempts in the humanities and social sciences to conceive of creative, entangled ways of doing interdisciplinary work, I turn to Braidotti’s ‘nomadic ontology’ to (re)vision the human body without a brain. Her exploration of the body as a ‘threshold of transformations’ is put into conversation with Deleuze’s comments on neurobiology to consider what a brainless body might do, or undo, in neuroscientific practice. I ground discussion in a case study, detailing the practices of brain decoding or ‘mind reading,’ re-interpreting Rose’s account. Therein, I argue that the technical-social configurations of brain decoding are unlikely to usher in a radically new ontology, as Rose suggests. To better match Rose’s vision and align with new ontologies in cultural theory, I argue that neuroscience must become nomadic and embrace a body without a brain. I then conclude with six recommendations towards a nomadic neuroscience.
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Monteiro, Crespo de Almeida Leonardo. "Ontologia política e criação de conceitos: considerações sobre a filosofia política de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari." HYBRIS. Revista de filosofía 9, no. 2 (2018): 101–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1577804.
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<strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo pretende esclarecer a ideia de uma ontologia política que se desenvolve implicitamente nas filosofias de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Por ontologia política entende-se especificamente uma reflexão sobre a construção política da realidade social, contemplando também uma problematização sobre a natureza do político. Em que medida, no contexto da obra dos autores, a ontologia se confunde com a teorização política? Qual a relevância da construção de conceitos na teoria e prática da política? A hipótese sustentada por esta pesquisa consiste em conceber a ontologia política como desdobramento da construção conceitual, tarefa específica da filosofia conforme os autores. A pesquisa opera um recorte específico na literatura secundária sobre Deleuze e Guattari para, tendo como ponto de partida o trabalho desses pesquisadores, estabelecer o elo entre ontologia política e construção conceitual. <strong>Abstract</strong>: This paper intends to develop the idea of a political ontology implicitly developed within the political reflections that are an important part of the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. In this research a political ontology means a specific reflection about the political construction of the social reality which also involves a questioning of the nature of the political. To what extent, in Deleuze and Guattari´s philosophy, ontology is related to a theoretical and practical engagement with politics? How relevant is conceptual creation to the political practice? The main research´s hypothesis is that political ontology is intertwined with the kind of conceptual creation, which the authors conceive as philosophy´s specific task. Taking as our starting point previous discussions from Deleuze and Guattari´s scholars, this article develops a reading of their political philosophy through the relation between the political and conceptual construction.
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Rahman, Syed Shahrier. "Ontology Localization: Bangla Language." Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics 4, no. 7-8 (2014): 27–42. https://doi.org/10.70438/dujl/478/0002.
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Ontology localization in Bangla is clearly a particular kind of ontology re-engineering movement where the prerequisites (for the re-engineering) are given by the requirements of the Bengali community to which the ontology is adapted. The focal point of this study is that ontology localization can affect two separate layers: the surface and the conceptualization itself. In this paper, I have proposed a more general meaning of ontology localization as the procedure of adapting an offered ontology to the needs of a certain community. which might be described by a normal language, a basic culture or a certain nature's domain. Regarding Bangla language, particular strategies are necessary to adapt for developing ontology localization which is relied upon to be performed at a sensible cost and with great yield.
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Goldstein, Anat, Lior Fink, and Gilad Ravid. "A Framework for Evaluating Agricultural Ontologies." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116387.
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An ontology is a formal representation of domain knowledge, which can be interpreted by machines. In recent years, ontologies have become a major tool for domain knowledge representation and a core component of many knowledge management systems, decision-support systems and other intelligent systems, inter alia, in the context of agriculture. A review of the existing literature on agricultural ontologies, however, reveals that most of the studies, which propose agricultural ontologies, are lacking an explicit evaluation procedure. This is undesired because without well-structured evaluation processes, it is difficult to consider the value of ontologies to research and practice. Moreover, it is difficult to rely on such ontologies and share them on the Semantic Web or between semantic-aware applications. With the growing number of ontology-based agricultural systems and the increasing popularity of the Semantic Web, it becomes essential that such evaluation methods are applied during the ontology development process. Our work contributes to the literature on agricultural ontologies by presenting a framework that guides the selection of suitable evaluation methods, which seems to be missing from most existing studies on agricultural ontologies. The framework supports the matching of appropriate evaluation methods for a given ontology based on the ontology’s purpose.
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DASTGHEIB, SHIMA, ARSHAM MESBAH, and KRYS KOCHUT. "MONTAGE: CREATING SELF-POPULATING DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES FROM LINKED OPEN DATA." International Journal of Semantic Computing 07, no. 04 (2013): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x1340014x.
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Domain-specific ontologies have become integral components of numerous semantic- and knowledge-based applications. However, creating such ontologies and populating them with correct individuals is a difficult and time-consuming process. Recently, a vast amount of knowledge has become available as part of the Linked Open Data (LOD) project, which includes data sets in multiple areas. In this paper, we present mOntage, a novel ontology design and population framework, which allows a domain expert to easily define a domain ontology schema and specify the ontology's classes and properties in terms of the subsets of the existing LOD data sources. The classes and properties of the ontology being created can be defined either directly, in terms of existing LOD-available classes and properties, or can be newly constructed by the domain expert. The definitions, called maps, are encoded as part of the ontology itself, effectively converting it into a self-populating ontology. Finally, a dedicated software system automatically populates the ontology with instances obtained from the selected LOD sources by executing suitable SPARQL queries. We illustrate our framework by creating Cancer Treatment ontology in the area of biomedicine.
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Zhu, Hong Mei, Liang Zhang, and Wei Sun. "A Method for Ontology Module Extract." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1198.
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In semantic Web, extensive reuse of existing large ontology is one of the central ideas of ontology engineering. Ontology extraction should return relative sub-ontology that covers some sub-vocabulary. The efficiency of the existing ontology extraction algorithm is relatively low when they try to get a suitable ontology module from ontology at run time. This paper proposed a kind of ontology module extraction method. Related concepts and criterions of ontology modules extraction are studied; data structures and identification and evaluation methods of ontology module extraction are discussed; preliminary experimental results and the corresponding analysis are also shown.
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Wright, Alison J., Emma Norris, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, et al. "Ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions: a method for their development." Wellcome Open Research 5 (June 10, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15908.1.
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Background: Behaviour and behaviour change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting behaviour change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are knowledge structures that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to behaviour change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Wright, Alison J., Emma Norris, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, et al. "Ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions: a method for their development." Wellcome Open Research 5 (August 3, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15908.2.
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Background: Behaviour and behaviour change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting behaviour change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are knowledge structures that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to behaviour change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Wright, Alison J., Emma Norris, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, et al. "Ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions: a method for their development." Wellcome Open Research 5 (December 18, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15908.3.
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Background: Behaviour and behaviour change are integral to many aspects of wellbeing and sustainability. However, reporting behaviour change interventions accurately and synthesising evidence about effective interventions is hindered by lacking a shared, scientific terminology to describe intervention characteristics. Ontologies are standardised frameworks that provide controlled vocabularies to help unify and connect scientific fields. To date, there is no published guidance on the specific methods required to develop ontologies relevant to behaviour change. We report the creation and refinement of a method for developing ontologies that make up the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO). Aims: (1) To describe the development method of the BCIO and explain its rationale; (2) To provide guidance on implementing the activities within the development method. Method and results: The method for developing ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions was constructed by considering principles of good practice in ontology development and identifying key activities required to follow those principles. The method’s details were refined through application to developing two ontologies. The resulting ontology development method involved: (1) defining the ontology’s scope; (2) identifying key entities; (3) refining the ontology through an iterative process of literature annotation, discussion and revision; (4) expert stakeholder review; (5) testing inter-rater reliability; (6) specifying relationships between entities, and; (7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology. Guidance is provided for conducting relevant activities for each step. Conclusions: We have developed a detailed method for creating ontologies relevant to behaviour change interventions, together with practical guidance for each step, reflecting principles of good practice in ontology development. The most novel aspects of the method are the use of formal mechanisms for literature annotation and expert stakeholder review to develop and improve the ontology content. We suggest the mnemonic SELAR3, representing the method’s first six steps as Scope, Entities, Literature Annotation, Review, Reliability, Relationships.
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Smyrnaios, Anthony. "From Ontology to Ontologies to Trans-Ontology." Forum Philosophicum 21, no. 1 (2016): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2016.2101.05.
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This paper describes the implications of the transition from Ontology conceived as fundamental metaphysical logos to ontologies construed as postmodern historical applications of this, and then, finally, to Trans-Ontology as the ultimate, futuristic innovation of Transhumanism. If modernity counts as the key shift that has occurred in our living and understanding of the world since the dawn of history, postmodernism seems to be the record of a transition from the absolute Grand Narratives of modernity to a scenario consisting of polycentric, equally justified narratives. Thus, the historical failure of the old Ontology, in the form of monarchy, absolutism, monotheistic religions, Eurocentrism, and nationalism, entails the plurality of approaches and diversity of flexible transformations of ontologies. Yet such a purportedly liberating evolution is encountered en route to the likewise postmodern trans-humanist impulse that aims at a complete transformation of the traditional human essence by means of a theurgist, miraculous, Trans-Theological technology. The latter’s goal is to normalize the arrival of a paradoxically innovative universe, where transhuman beings will rebuild the world, and re-essentialize it. Ultimately, this universal integralism will be based on an ever-growing ludic character, coupled with a mathematically scheduled playfulness, aiming at a transformed, fully integrated and manageable entity.
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Malli, Rusli. "Landasan Ontologi Ilmu Pengetahuan." TARBAWI : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 4, no. 01 (2019): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jtw.v4i01.2133.
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AbstrakMetode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian deskriptif merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan menggambarkan kedudukan akal dalam islam. Sedangkan sumbernya diambil dari beberapa buku-buku ilmiah yang diterbitkan dengan maksud dijadikan sumber referensi Adapun Tekhnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini ialah Studi Kepustakaan, Wawancara dan Observasi. Pembahasan di dalam ontologi di mulai tanpa asumsi dasar, melainkan mengandalkan kreativitas akal yaitu inspirasi, intuisi, dan ilham. Metode abstraksi digunakan ontologi untuk mencari kejelasaan tentang dunia fakta seluruhnya sampai pada pengertian fundamental. Pengetahuan fundamental yang dihasilkan oleh ontologi dapat dijadikan dasar untuk membahas kembali asumsi dasar yang oleh ilmu pengetahuan telah dianggap mapan kebenarannya.Kata Kunci: Ontologi dan Ilmu PengetahuanAbstract The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Descriptive research is a study that aims to describe the position of reason in Islam. While the source is taken from several scientific books published with the intention of being used as a source of reference. The data collection techniques in this study are Literature Studies, Interviews and Observations. The discussion in ontology starts without basic assumptions, but relies on resourceful creativity, namely inspiration, intuition, and inspiration. Abstraction methods are used ontologies to find clarity about the world of facts all arrive at a fundamental understanding. Fundamental knowledge produced by ontology can be used as a basis for revisiting the basic assumptions that science has assumed are established. Keywords: Ontology and Science
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Dimitrov, Vladimir. "CWE Ontology." Serdica Journal of Computing 16, no. 1 (2023): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2022.16.39-55.
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CWE is a community-supported database of known weaknesses. It is under permanent update and development. MITRE Corporation hosts this database. It consists of several viewpoints structured at several abstract levels. CWE database is the base of CWE ontology. It redefines weaknesses in terms of the Semantic Web. This ontology is a part of ontology ecosystem developed to capture cybersecurity knowledge on known vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attacks patterns. CWE ontology classifies CVE/NVD vulnerabilities. It is useful for research and investigation on new vulnerabilities and weaknesses using reasoners. In addition, CWE is useful for cybersecurity incident forensic investigations, software acquisition and development.
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Dimitrov, Vladimir. "CWE Ontology." Serdica Journal of Computing 16, no. 1 (2023): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2022.16.39-56.
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CWE is a community-supported database of known weaknesses. It is under permanent update and development. MITRE Corporation hosts this database. It consists of several viewpoints structured at several abstract levels.
 CWE database is the base of CWE ontology. It redefines weaknesses in terms of the Semantic Web. This ontology is a part of ontology ecosystem developed to capture cybersecurity knowledge on known vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attacks patterns.
 CWE ontology classifies CVE/NVD vulnerabilities. It is useful for research and investigation on new vulnerabilities and weaknesses using reasoners. In addition, CWE is useful for cybersecurity incident forensic investigations, software acquisition and development.
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Brena, Ramon, and Hector G. Ceballos. "Combining Local and Global Access to Ontologies in a Multiagent System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 1 (2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0005.
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As Ontologic knowledge gets more and more important in agent-based systems, its handling becomes crucial for successful applications. We propose a hybrid approach, in which part of the ontology is handled locally, using a "client component", and the rest of the ontological knowledge is handled by an "ontology agent", which is accessed by the other agents in the system through their client component. We propose specific methods for representing, storing, querying and translating ontologies for effective use in the context of the "JITIK" system, which is a multiagent system for knowledge and information distribution. We report as well a working prototype implementing our proposal.
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Norris, Emma, Marta M. Marques, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, et al. "Development of an Intervention Setting Ontology for behaviour change: Specifying where interventions take place." Wellcome Open Research 5 (June 10, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15904.1.
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Background: Contextual factors such as an intervention’s setting are key to understanding how interventions to change behaviour have their effects and patterns of generalisation across contexts. The intervention’s setting is not consistently reported in published reports of evaluations. Using ontologies to specify and classify intervention setting characteristics enables clear and reproducible reporting, thus aiding replication, implementation and evidence synthesis. This paper reports the development of a Setting Ontology for behaviour change interventions as part of a Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, currently being developed in the Wellcome Trust funded Human Behaviour-Change Project. Methods: The Intervention Setting Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project: 1) Defining the ontology’s scope, 2) Identifying key entities by reviewing existing classification systems (top-down) and 100 published behaviour change intervention reports (bottom-up), 3) Refining the preliminary ontology by literature annotation of 100 reports, 4) Stakeholder reviewing by 23 behavioural science and public health experts to refine the ontology, 5) Assessing inter-rater reliability of using the ontology by two annotators familiar with the ontology and two annotators unfamiliar with it, 6) Specifying ontological relationships between setting entities and 7) Making the Intervention Setting Ontology machine-readable using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and publishing online. Results: The Intervention Setting Ontology consists of 72 entities structured hierarchically with two upper-level classes: Physical setting including Geographic location, Attribute of location (including Area social and economic condition, Population and resource density sub-levels) and Intervention site (including Facility, Transportation and Outdoor environment sub-levels), as well as Social setting. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.73 (good) for those familiar with the ontology and 0.61 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it. Conclusion: The Intervention Setting Ontology can be used to code information from diverse sources, annotate the setting characteristics of existing intervention evaluation reports and guide future reporting.
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Maller, Mark. "GroundUp Ontology." Logos & Episteme 15, no. 2 (2024): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202415215.
Full textAbstract:
The first pathway toward a new conceptualist answer to the existence of universals begins with Descartes. The article is guided by a Cartesian method of starting anew in metaphysics and our knowledge of mind-dependent universals. Relevant examples and learning experiments defend and validate the pragmatic utility of conceptualism. It is past time for analytic ontology to set aside its assumptions, reevaluate its methodology and simplify itself. I raise novel objections through metaphor and analogy against standard and Platonic realism. Independent universals of realism are speculative and are neither necessary nor sufficient. This rejection of metaphysical realism defends the validity of scientific empiricist realism. Historical arguments such as William James’ empirical conceptualism and J.S. Mill’s criticisms strengthen this position. Nominalist methods are also considered. My theory is confirmed and useful for a preliminary epistemic-ontology which evaluates concepts and universals of mineral species. This appendix is consistent with Descartes’ theory of attributes and provides a new important approach to this field of study. The article, long dormant, is made possible by the work of Rene Descartes.