Dissertations / Theses: 'IS (Tanks)'

1

Qi, Z. "Flushing ballast tanks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1466478/.

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The non-indigenous species (NIS) transported by ships’ ballast water lead to destructive failure of the main ecologies giving rise to economic implications of many countries dependent on aquatic organisms. The International Maritime Organisation currently requires that ballast tanks are flushed three times with far ocean water. New protocols for cleaning technologies are still in discussion internationally. Current lacking is the science to understand how ballast tanks geometry and ballast water composition affect the NIS removal rate. This thesis describes a major contribution to this effort and identifies key engineering principles that should be taken into account to improve flushing efficiency. A combined experimental and theoretical study of flushing from ballast tanks is described. A hierarchy of laboratory scale models are designed, built and tested to understand the effect of geometry and stratification, with complexity increasing from 1×7, 2×2, 3×3 to 5×4 configurations. The experimental study is based on an optical method of interrogating the fraction of each compartment and whole tank that is cleaned. By drawing on modelling approaches applied in related areas, notably building engineering, a number of new mathematical models are developed that have no free variables (when resistance of pathways is the same) or require the use of closures for pressure drop coefficients. For homogeneous flow where stratification is negligible, the agreement between predictions and experiments is within 1.2%. Likewise, when resistances are different, the model is accurate, except when the inhomogeneity is significant. Three models are developed to include the influence of stratification. For miscible fluids, the stratified mixing model is accurate within 5% at Richardson number between 30 and 1000. We apply the validated models to examine how to change practical ballast tanks and how cleaning efficiency affects the total NIS removal. To enhance flushing, a single outlet should be placed far from the inlet.

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2

Mansour, Khalid A. "Fires in large atmospheric storage tanks and their effect on adjacent tanks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12196.

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A suite of models were integrated to predict the potential of a large liquid hydrocarbon storage tank fire escalating and involving neighbouring tanks, as a result of thermal loading. A steady state pool fire radiant heat model was combined with a further model, in order to predict the distribution of thermal loading over the surface of an adjacent tank, and another model was incorporated to predict the thermal response of the contents of the adjacent tank. In order to predict if, or when, an adjacent tank will ignite, the radiant heat from the fire received by the adjacent tank must be quantified. There are a range of mathematical models available in the literature to calculate the radiant heat flux to a specified target and each of these models is based on assumptions about the fire. The performance of three of these models, which vary in complication, was analysed (the single point source model, the solid flame model and the fire dynamics simulator computational fluid dynamics model) and, in order to determine the performance of each model, the predictions made by each of the models were compared with actual experimental measurements of radiant heat flux. Experiments were undertaken involving different liquid fuels and under a range of weather conditions and, upon comparing the predictions of the models with the experimental measurements, the solid flame model was found to be the one most appropriate for safety assessment work. Thus, the solid flame model was incorporated into the thermal loading model, in order to predict the distribution of radiant heat flux falling onto an adjacent tank wall and roof. A model was developed to predict the thermal response of the contents of an adjacent tank, in order to predict variations in the liquid and vapour temperature, any increase in the vapour space pressure and the evolution of the vapours within the given time and the distribution of thermal loading over the surface of the tank as predicted by previous models; of particular importance was the identification of the possibility of forming a flammable vapour/air mixture outside the adjacent tank. To assess the performance of the response model, experiments were undertaken at both laboratory and field scale. The laboratory experiments were conducted in the Chemical Engineering Laboratory at Loughborough University and required the design and construction of an experimental facility representing a small-scale storage tank exposed to an adjacent fire. The field scale experiments were undertaken at Centro Jovellanos, Asturias, Spain. An experimental vessel was designed and fabricated specifically to conduct the laboratory tests and to measure the response of a tank containing hydrocarbon liquids to an external heat load. The vessel was instrumented with a network of thermocouples and pressure transmitter and gauge, in order to monitor the internal pressure and distribution in temperature throughout the liquid and its variation with time. The model predicting the thermal response of an adjacent tank was shown to produce predictions that correlated with the experimental results, particularly in terms of the vapour space pressure and liquid surface temperature. The vapour space pressure is important in predicting the time when the vacuum/pressure valve opens, while the liquid surface temperature is important as it governs the rate of evaporation. Combining the three models (the Pool Fire model, the Thermal Loading model and the Response model) forms the basis of the storage tanks spacing international codes and presents a number of innovative features, in terms of assessing the response to an adjacent tank fire: such features include predicting the distribution of thermal load on tanks adjacent to the tank on fire and thermal load on the ground. These models can predict the time required for the opening of the pressure vacuum relief valve on adjacent tanks and the release of the flammable vapour/air mixture into the atmosphere. A wide range of design and fire protection alternatives, such as the water cooling system and the minimum separation distance between storage tanks, can be assessed using these models. The subsequent results will help to identify any recommended improvements in the design of facilities and management systems (inspection and maintenance), in addition to the fire fighting response to such fires.

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3

Sin, Kar-wah Matthew. "The study of residential roof tanks as a potential hazard /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436077.

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4

Chin, Ching-Ju. "Particle flocculation in stirred tanks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21253.

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5

Distelhoff, Markus Friedrich Wilhelm. "Scalar mixing in stirred tanks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265206.

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6

ARIAS, JOSE RENAN ESPINOZA. "DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF OIL TANKS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1996. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2023@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Pela observação e análise das condições dos locais atingidos por violentos sismos destrutivos, pode-se demostrar a grande importância do comportamento do maciço de solo na resposta dinâmica das estruturas na superfície. Embora esta importância tenha sido há muito reconhecida, só recentemente uma investigação sistemática dos fatores intervenientes na interação dinâmica solo-estrutura vem merecendo a atenção adequada. Graças ao avanço de técnicas numéricas e métodos de análise, é possível hoje estudar-se este problema de forma eficiente, ampla e racional. O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise pelo método dos elementos finitos do problema do comportamento dinâmico dos tanques de armazenamento de combustível da Refinaria Costarricense de Petróleo (RECOPE) freqüentemente sujeitos a abalos sísmicos. A avaliação da amplificação sísmica dos solos da região da refinaria, o comportamento estrutural dos tanques sob solicitações dinâmicas, a análise comparativa dos métodos de projeto recomendados na Costa Rica, os efeitos da interação dinâmica solo-tanque, etc., são alguns dos pontos examinados em detalhe neste trabalho. O conhecimento do comportamento dinâmico dos tanques da Refinaria de RECOPE, Costa Rica, foi significativamente aperfeiçoado pela realização deste trabalho.
Through observation and analysis of the local conditions of regions subjected to violent seismic excitations, one can conclude the great importance of the dynamic behavior of the soil mass on the response of structural systems founded in it. Although the importance of the soil behavior has long been recognized in the literature, systematic investigations on the influencing factors on the dynamic soil-structure interaction problems have received the due attention only recently.Given the modern developments in numerical methods as well as the now common availability of powerful microcomputers in design offices, it is now possible to study this problem following a rational and efficient manner.In the present work, an analysis of the dynamic behavior of steel tanks for fuel storage at the industrial plant of RECOPE (Petroleum Refinery of Costa Rica), frequently subjected to severe earthquakes, has been carried out using the finite element method.The main points investigated in this thesis are: the evaluation of dynamic amplifications due to local soil properties, the structural behavior of tanks under dynamic forces, the soil-structure interaction effects as well as a comparative study with the design procedures currently employed in Costa Rica.The technical knowledge about the dynamic behavior of RECOPE`s fuel tanks has been significantly improved by this research.
Por la observación y análisis de las condiciones de los locales castigados por violentos sismos destructivos, se puede demostrar la gran importancia del comportamiento del macizo de suelo en la respuesta dinámica de las extructuras en la superficie. Aunque esta importancia há sido reconocida hace mucho tiempo, solo recientemente una investigación sistemática de los factores que intervienen en la interacción dinámica suelo extructura ha merecido atención adecuada. Gracias al avance de técnicas numéricas y métodos de análisis, es posible hoy estudiar este problema de forma eficiente, amplia y racional. EL presente trabajo consiste en un análisis por el método de los elementos finitos del problema del comportamiento dinámico de los tanques de almacenamiento de combustible de la Refinaría Costarricense de Petróleo (RECOPE) frecuentemente sujetos a sacudidas sísmicas. La evaluación de la amplificación sísmica de los suelos de la región de la refinaria, el comportamiento extructural de los tanques bajo solicitaciones dinámicas, el análisis comparativo de los métodos de proyecto recomendados en la Costa Rica, los efectos de la interacción dinámica suelo-tanque, etc., son algunos de los puntos examinados en detalle en este trabajo. EL conocimiento del comportamiento dinámico de los tanques de la Refinaría de RECOPE, Costa Rica, fue significativamente perfeccionado por la realización de este trabajo.

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7

Shelley, R. M. "Development of HDPE fuel tanks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11033.

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Plastics fuel tanks have been used successfully abroad ; metal counterparts are still predominant in this country plastics tanks have to satisfy stringent performance regulations : low temperature impact tests ; permeability ; and fire resistance. Blow moulded high density polyethylene (HDPE) fuel tanks have superior strength to mass ratio compared with metal equivalents (the density of steel is about 8000 kg/m3 compared with HDPE, which has a density of under 1000 kg/m3 ). HDPE will tend to drip in a fire situation, thus reducing explosion risk. HDPE is the chosen material because it possesses inherent properties suitable for the blow moulding process : it has a high viscosity at low stresses ; and is highly inert. Rotational moulded HDPE fuel tanks can also be considered. However, these are shown to have inferior properties when compared with blow moulded tanks ; attraction of rotational moulding is the cheapness of equipment. Petrol immersion was found to enhance impact properties of HDPE, although yield stresses were lowered slightly. The thickness distributions of blow moulded fuel tanks were found to vary ; this is because of the present difficulty of predicting parison behaviour with respect to time. Thickness is important because of impact strength and permeation considerations. Impact properties of fuel tanks were assessed ; peak force of impact was found to be heavily dependent on thickness (raised to the power 1.1) and temperature of mould in the blow moulding process (a low mould temperature led to inferior properties). Pinch-offs were found to be particularly detrimental to impact properties. Cooling behaviour was investigated. With the aid of a cooling model for blow mouldings, it was found that a warm mould (40·C) could be used with internal air circulation to obtain a cooling time the same as that with a cold mould and no air circulation. Thus optimising mechanical strength and maintaining economic viability. Welding of injection moulded fittings to the main blow moulded body of the fuel tank was found to be faulty, in all of the tanks examined ; many weld failures have been reported in use. This work determines optimum welding conditions for HDPE grades, these are Rigidex H060-45P and Lupolen 426l-A.

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8

Field, Jason Paul. "Comparative Effectiveness of Conventional Trenches and Seepage Pits for Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0006_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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9

Koyama, Jun. "Effects of earthquakes on partially-filled water tanks /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063240/.

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10

Hackett, L. A. "Gas-liquid mixing in stirred tanks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373092.

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11

Appa, Harish. "Multiphase CFD modelling of stirred tanks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5548.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70).
Stirred tanks agitated with Rushton turbines are commonly used in industry, for instance mixing processes and flotation systems. The need for more efficient systems in industries has led to the study of fluid flow within the tanks upon agitation; so that a better understanding of the phenomena can help in the optimisation of the tanks. In the recent years, efforts have been made towards the development of predictive methods using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Among the various numerical works presented, emphasis was laid mainly on single phase systems. However, due to the various processes involving gas-liquid systems, the need for multiphase modelling of stirred tanks became increasingly important. This has led to more research studies involving multiphase flows. Most of the work reported showed good prediction of the velocity data and the power draw, reasonable turbulence parameters. But, the prediction of the gas hold-up was rarely well established. Therefore, the aim of this thesis, based on the numerical work presented by Engelbrecht (2006), is to investigate the discrepancies reported and to develop a multiphase model of a stirred tank agitated by a Rushton turbine. The commercially available CFD code FLUENT@ was used to model the agitated gas-liquid system. The results were validated with the numerical work of Engelbrecht (2006) and the experimental work presented by Deglon (1998). Two main cases were investigated, with a steady state and a transient approach. The QUICK scheme was used for the discretisation of the volume fraction and momentum and the first order upwind scheme for the discretisation of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. The standard k - E turbulence model was used to account for the turbulent flow regime. A steady state MRF model was used for the investigation of the discrepancy reported by Engelbrecht (2006). The author reported that no convergence was achieved with such models. Solving the problem would have resulted in a good modelling approach for the prediction of gas dispersion, since steady state models are not computationally intensive. Three different boundary conditions, namely, a pressure outlet, an outflow and a velocity inlet, were used to model the outlet of the tank. The Euler-Euler multiphase model was used to simulate the gas-liquid system for the steady state model.

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12

Brás, João Duarte Maçãs Pires. "Think tanks ambientais e eco-inovação." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18217.

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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Esta dissertação consiste na análise de determinadas características inerentes ao funcionamento de entidades de investigação, chamadas Think Tanks (TT), mais concretamente as que se debruçam sobre o ambiente, TT verdes. Tratar-se-á de clarificar o que são estas entidades, e perceber as suas características e o seu funcionamento, com o fim de perceber a multiplicidade de diferenças que existem dentro destas entidades, nomeadamente a multiplicidade de diferenças que lhes são inerentes se, a título de exemplo, as dividirmos geograficamente. Será necessário explicar o que são TT, e como se financiam, a sua composição e como obtiveram influência suficiente para ter impacto na sociedade. Assim sendo, estudadas as principais características dos TT, pretende-se estudar as características dos TT verdes, aqueles especializados no ambiente, procedendo a uma análise comparativa entre estes, a fim de retirar ilações pertinentes sobre o seu funcionamento, e avaliar-se-á o impacto destas entidades de investigação na sociedade e, mais concretamente, nas suas áreas de pesquisa especificas, nos seus países de origem e através de contributos para a Eco-Inovação (EI).
This dissertation consists of the analysis of certain characteristics inherent to the functioning of research entities, called Think Tanks (TT), more specifically those that deal with the environment, green TT. It will be a matter of clarifying what these entities are, and of perceiving their characteristics and their functioning, in order to perceive the multiplicity of differences that exist within these entities, namely the multiplicity of inherent differences if, example, we divide them geographically. It will be necessary to explain what TT are, and how they are funded, their composition and how they have had enough influence to impact society. Therefore, the main characteristics of the TT are studied, the characteristics of the green TTs, those specialized in the environment are studied, and a comparative analysis is carried out between them, in order to obtain pertinent information about their operation, and it will be evaluated the impact of these research entities on society and, more specifically, on their specific research areas, in their countries of origin and through contributions to Eco-Innovation (EI).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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13

Stone, David C. "Models for dispersion in flow injection analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13607.

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An extensive study has been made of the factors affecting sample dispersion in flow injection analysis. This has included the effect of different manifold parameters on peak height and shape, and the use of various flow models to describe the physical processes involved. The factors investigated included sample flow-rate, tube length and diameter, sample volume, and the diffusion coefficient of the solute. The role of the detector has also been investigated, and was found to exert a strong influence on the observed dispersion behaviour of a flow injection manifold. In the light of this, a low volume flow cell was constructed which minimised the contribution of the detector to dispersion. Different modes of sample injection ("time" and "slug" injection) have been studied, and an automatic valve constructed in connection with the work. Both new and existing flow models have been evaluated in terms of their ease-of-use and ability to predict peak shape. Conditions for which the different models were valid were derived both experimentally and from consideration of the assumptions of the models. The applications of such models to the characterisation and design of flow manifolds has also been considered, and this approach compared to the purely theoretical and empirical approaches that have been described in the literature. The models examined in this thesis are the convection, diffusion, tanks-in-series, well-stirred tank, two-tanks in- parallel and two-tanks-in-series models. Finally, the practical implications of this work for the design of flow injection manifolds and the derivation of so-called "rules for dispersion" have been discussed, and suggestions made for further areas of research.

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14

Mutallimov, Turan. "Wind load effect on storage tanks in Azerbaijan." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23576/.

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Oil storage tanks play a significant role in social and economic development in Azerbaijan where is known as an oil producer country; however, there have been various cases of wind and earthquake destruction. The effect of wind disturbance on dynamic responses is analyzed, and the role of storage ratio and seismic waveform on dynamic responses under wind-earthquake activity is investigated further. The results show that the wind disruption effect has a significant impact on the dynamic responses of liquid storage tanks, especially in the empty state. When the liquid storage level is high, traditional oil storage tanks are easily destroyed by the action of a strong wind. Wind interference effect should be considered in the design and implementation of oil storage tanks, while shock absorption and strengthening steps for oil storage tanks under wind-strong earthquakes should be taken.

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15

Parmar, Inderjeet S. "Think tanks and power in foreign policy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:14682.

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16

Kendall, Haydn G. "Investigation of leakage flux in transformer tanks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329641.

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17

Childs, David John. "British tanks 1915-18 : manufacture and employment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309487.

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18

Marquez, Danilo Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Earthquake resistant design of liquid storage tanks." Ottawa, 1996.

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19

LaLiberte, David M. "Density currents in circular wastewater treatment tanks." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4085.

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Deviations from ideal flow and settling occur in circular wastewater treatment tanks because of tank geometry, flow conditions, and density currents caused by variations in suspended solids concentration and temperature distributions. Thermally induced density currents were investigated in this study. Under winter, low flow conditions, measurements were made of vertical and radial temperature distributions in the circular chlorination tank at Lake Oswego, Or., and in the circular primary and secondary clarifiers at Bend, Or. Thermistor arrays were used to collect the data which exhibited both vertically well-mixed and a two-layer flow regime. Inlet geometry and suspended solids in the secondary clarifiers caused a warm bottom inflow and apparent thermal instability. Meteorological measurements were also made. The calculated winter heat loss values indicated that convective mixing may have inhibited particle sedimentation in the clarifiers.

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20

Barsi, Stephen. "Ventless Pressure Control of Cryogenic Storage Tanks." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1283125342.

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21

Zmerli, Mustapha. "Optimization of the bottom plate of a ground-supported liquid storage tank." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020116/.

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Koyama, Junji. "Effects of earthquakes on partially-filled water tanks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43432.

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This thesis is concerned with the effects of earthquakes on partially-filled water tanks. The analysis is applicable to rectangular water tanks, which have received little attention to date. The analysis is relatively involved and includes the derivation of the equations of motion for the vibration of the whole of tank by means of substructure synthesis, a stochastic analysis relating the random ground motion caused by earthquakes to the random vibration of the tank, a stochastic characterization of the fluid pressure and computation of the probability of failure of the tank.

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23

Miller, Martin Neil. "Stability of thin-walled tanks under wind loading." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328719.

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24

Tso, Ming-hon Chordan. "Artist village in Ma Tau Kok : transformation of cattle deport and gas storage tanks /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950010.

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25

Pascual, Christopher C. "Evaporation measurements from simulated nuclear waste storage tanks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18208.

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26

De, Renzis Diletta. "Fluid dynamic analysis in three-phase stirred tanks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The aim of this study is to measure the three characteristic agitator speeds (loading speed, complete dispersion speed and just drawdown speed) in a mechanically agitated vessel containing three phases (gas, solid and liquid phases). The gas phase is air, the liquid phase is a water solution with 15% (by weight) concentration of glucose and the solid phase is made by particles of polyethylene that present two different mean values of diameter (dp = 3,025mm and dp = 4,025mm). The first system considered was a vessel agitated by only one impeller (Smith turbine) and the second system was one vessel agitated by two impellers (Smith turbine and pitched blade turbine). The aim of the experiment was to understand how the solid concentration, the volumetric gas flow rate and the mean diameter of the solid particles can affect the 3 characteristic speeds in the two different mechanically agitated systems. A comparison between the two system was made in different conditions of: - solid particles concentration - volumetric gas flow rate - diameter of the solid particles

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27

Ahmad, Forhad. "Fitness for service assessment of liquid storage tanks/." Internet access available to MUN users only. Search for this title in:, 2009.

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28

Rashed, Abdelaziz A. "Rational design of prestressed and reinforced concrete tanks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq29097.pdf.

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29

Zipp, Robert Philip. "Turbulent mixing of unpremixed reactants in stirred tanks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184832.

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The turbulent mixing process between two liquid streams in a standard tank stirred by a Rushton turbine has been studied. Experimental measurements of concentration and segregation (fluctuating concentration) have been made for both reacting and non-reacting flows. For the non-reacting case, one stream was marked with a fluorescent dye; the local concentration was measured using a fluorescence technique and a bifurcated fiber optic probe of custom design. Measurements were taken at two axial-radial planes within the tank. In the reacting case, the second-order reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid was studied, and urinine acted as a fluorescent indicator which became non-fluorescent as the reaction proceeded. Numerical studies of the mixing in the laboratory-scale vessel were made. FLUENT, a general-purpose fluid flow modelling program, was used to simulate the flow within the tank. This program uses a k-epsilon closure of the turbulent momentum equations. The program was modified to allow the inclusion of a segregation balance equation. Using this segregation balance technique, the turbulent species balance equations were solved. The results of these simulations agreed with the experimental measurements in all regions except the region near the entrance jets, where the model could not adequately predict the fluid behavior. This study has successfully predicted the behavior of reacting fluids in a bench-scale turbulently mixed stirred tank by the implementation of a segregation balance throughout the entire domain.

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30

Thompson, V. "Structural integrity of liquid natural gas storage tanks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371581.

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Salvatorelli-D'Angelo, F. "Structural stability under dynamic loading of LNG tanks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235145.

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Zietara, Rafal. "Simulation of industrial flotation tanks : a CFD approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498783.

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Froth flotation is a separation process widely used to concentrate valuable minerals. It is based on differences in the surface properties of the valuable minerals and the waste (known as gangue). Separation takes place primarily in the underlying pulp phase but minerals are further cleaned in the froth phase. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on froth flotation, the process is still poorly understood. The interaction of many parameters (e.g. the particle size of the ore), operational conditions and chemical interactions, influence the process performance and make it difficult to investigate. The effect of changing operating variables on concentrate grade and mineral recovery has been previously linked with performance changes only by experimental measurements. This thesis attempts to build a mathematical description of the influence of operational conditions on gas, liquid and solid ow behaviour in a flotation tank. Detailed models of pulp and froth were built and implemented in a custom written three dimensional, finite volume framework. The pulp phase model consists turbulent gas-liquid interactions, solid dispersion and selective gas-solid attachment. The froth model includes froth motion, liquid drainage and solid particle dispersion in Plateau borders of froth. Both models were validated separately on a series of test data samples. Finally models were linked in one framework with a pulp-froth interface common for both domains. It was found that pulp phase significantly influences froth phase. The non-uniform distributions of parameters on the pulp-froth interface resulting from computation of pulp phase may change significantly distribution profiles in froth This can possibly affect yield and purity of final product.

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Liao, Xuanli, and 廖宣力. "Chinese think tanks and China's policy on Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243368.

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Timmins, David. "Observations on the design of rectangular storage tanks." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296191.

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35

Kamyab, Hossain. "Effects of foundation settlement on oil storage tanks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334133.

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36

Lozada, Luis O. "Reengineering the process of manufacturing thermal-cryogenics tanks." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001lozadal.pdf.

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37

Liao, Xuanli. "Chinese think tanks and China's policy on Japan /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25100154.

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Özcan-Taskin, N. Gül. "On the effects of viscoelasticity in stirred tanks." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1993. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5407/.

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Mixing viscoelastic fluids is common to many chemical and biochemical process industries where the rheological properties of the bulk change considerably over the time course. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of viscoelasticity in mechanically agitated vessels (on: i- the power consumption and flow patterns in single phase and gassed systems, ii- mixing time under unaerated conditions and iii- cavities in the presence of gas) and to study the performance of InterMIGs in comparison to the classical six bladed disc turbines. Model viscoelastic fluids prepared exhibited only slight shear thinning properties (Boger fluid type), hence the effects of viscoelasticity could be studied in the absence of other rheological properties. Results obtained with these fluids were compared to those with viscous Newtonian glycerol covering the transitional flow regime (50< Re< 1000). Additionally, some work was also conducted in water for a preliminary characterisation of InterMIGs. In the relatively low range of Elasticity numbers (El < 3.5 x 10\(^-\)\(^3\)) covered, secondary flow patterns were not reversed. The power drawn under unaerated conditions was higher in viscoelastic fluids (at a given Reynolds number) for both impeller types that had to compete with mutually opposing viscoelastic forces. An experimental set-up to measure mixing times in viscous fluids (using the fluorescent dye-fibre optic technique) was installed. Reduced secondary circulations in viscoelastic fluids resulted in longer mixing times. Power consumption under aeration was also higher in viscoelastic fluids than that in Newtonian glycerol. Different from the findings under unaerated conditions, this enhancement was independent of the level of viscoelasticity. Cavities, hence the power drawn under aeration, were in general stable with respect to the variations in the gas flow rate in viscous fluids. This stability was found to be accentuated by viscoelasticity. InterMIGs underwent viscoelastic effects more severely on account of the complicated interaction of the viscoelastically driven flows with the flows associated with the inner and outer blades of these impellers. They presented a better choice in low and high viscosity Newtonian fluids and their performance was comparable to that of a single Rushton turbine in viscoelastic fluids.

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Medin, André. "Investigation of interface for Scania LNG fuel tanks." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79623.

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The world of transport solutions is changing. Scania CV AB (Scania) is trying to drive the shift towards a more sustainable future. One implemented strategy has been to work with gas vehicles, trucks and buses Scania sell trucks that is operating on liquified gas. The fuel is liquified at minus 158 degrees Celsius and the density is between 430-478 Kg/m3 [1]. To determine which tank interface that would be preferable to used in Scania vehicles this master of science thesis was initiated. The scope of the project included both a theoretical as well as a practical methodology to incorporate in the product development process. The stakeholders considered are divided into three groups, production, service and users. The improvement is clear when examining each stakeholder needs where the biggest difference is for production.

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Zhan, H. J. "Static and dynamic analysis of toroidal LPG tanks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27611.

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is considered clean, safe and cheap, offering a viable alternative to conventional fuels. Nowadays, the use of LPG as a fuel source in motor vehicles is steadily increasing. The LPG tanks in motor vehicles can be of toroidal shape. The toroidal LPG tanks are generally of non-circular cross-section, and may be supported at points, lines or patches on the surface. Among the mechanical properties of interest for toroidal LPG tanks are the static behavior under internal pressure, the vibration characteristics, the buckling and collapse loads, and the properties under impact loading arising from accident conditions. In the current work, a shell-theory finite element analysis is carried out of toroidal LPG tanks, with non-circular cross-section. The analysis serves to determine the natural frequencies, the buckling and collapse pressures, and the deformation of impacted tanks. The differential quadrature method is used as an alternate means in the vibration analysis. A variety of support conditions are considered, including lines of support at the inner and outer equators of the tank. For validation, comparison is made with previously published results for stress, vibration and buckling of circular and elliptical toroidal shells, and impact deformation of spherical and cylindrical shells. Finally, a parametric study is carried out to determine the influence on the natural frequency, buckling and collapse pressures, and the deformation of the impacted tanks, of shell size, shell thickness, material properties, and support conditions.

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41

Matko, T. I. R. "Two-phase flow in circular secondary sedimentation tanks." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3920.

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The main objective of this work was to optimise a numerical model to predict the flow in circular secondary sedimentation tanks. The numerical models in the literature were reviewed and the new opportunities for research were identified. Single-phase flow characteristics of two circular sedimentation tanks were investigated using the CFD program, CFX-F3D. The flow in the circular clarifiers were modelled in two dimensions (axial and radial) and using the standard k-E turbulence model. Results indicated that a vertical inlet instead of a horizontal inlet did not improve the correlation with the experimental data in a pilot-scale tank. Modelling the diurnal variation in flow to a full-scale tank significantly improved the correlation with experimental data. The 'Eulerian multi-fluid' model in the program, CFX-F3D was modified to predict the flow in circular secondary sedimentation tanks. The model compared quite closely with the measured residence time of the effluent and return activated sludge (RAS) in a conventional secondary clarifier. The residence time of the effluent in another secondary clarifier with a turbulent jet, was over-predicted. The mean particle diameter in the model was found by comparing the numerical predictions with experimental data. The particle diameter was between 100 to 190 μm for the secondary clarifiers, which was in agreement with the experimental data in the literature. The flow patterns in the conventional secondary clarifier were affected by the particle density, particle diameter, axial slip velocity, colloids settling parameter, axial turbulent Prandtl number, inlet flow rate and inlet solids concentration. A 3-D simulation of the conventional secondary clarifier was in agreement with a 2-D simulation. Recommended values were given for all these parameters. However, the drag force between the phases was not formulated correctly and the water surface was modelled as a symmetry plane. Therefore, some more work is still required to make suitable modifications to the model.

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Pasley, Humphrey S. "Investigation to improve measurement and calculation of evaporative emissions from the petrochemical industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311627.

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Lee, Yu Kwan Gloria. "A critical analysis of public engagement in Hong Kong case study on the siting of Permanent Aviation Fuel Facility (PAFF) in Tuen Mun Area 38 /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-sa-b22723237a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.
"A dissertation undertaken in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts in Public Policy & Management, City University of Hong Kong." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-43)

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Ladi, Stella. "Globalization, Europeanisation and policy transfer : a comparative study of knowledge institutions." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10817/.

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Ševčík, Martin. "Analýza ztráty integrity uskladňovací nádrže pomocí MKP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378382.

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This master thesis is focused on computational modelling of critical external as well as internal pressure acting of the repaired tank. During cleaning of pipelines, the gas mixture entered into this storage tank causing loss of integrity in the connection between the roof and the shell. The first part of the thesis is focused on check calculation of the shell in exceptional conditions. The next part describes the repair of the tank including check of the pillar according to ČSN EN 1993 1 1 and ČSN EN 1993-1-6. The main part of the thesis is focused on determination of the buckling resistances of the tank in original as well as repaired state using ANSYS Mechanical software. The results are comparable with original tank, whose buckling resistance was not decreased due to the repair.

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Rognebakke, Olav. "Sloshing in rectangular tanks and interaction with ship motions." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for ingeniørvitenskap og teknologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1001.

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Sloshing is a violent resonent free surface flow in a container. The main objective of this thesis has been to study sloshing in rectangular and prismatic tanks. The tank may be excited by a harmonic motion or it may move with a ship in waves. In the latter case, the coupled ship motions and sloshing problem is investigated. A nonlinear analytically based sloshing model is used in the solshing calculations. Experiments have been conducedand collected data are utilized in the validation of the sloshing model and computations of interaction between sloshing and ship dynamics. Tank roof impacts are studied. Energy in the impact jet is dissipated and this leads to damping of the sloshing motion. An iterative procedure is applied to incorporate the effect of energy dissipation in the calculations. Damping of the soloshing motion is an important parameter around resonance for the coupled ship motion and sloshing system. The sloshing model is based on a nonlinear theory analysis of two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing of an imcompressible fluid with irrotational flow in a rectangular tank. Infinite tank roof height and no overtuning waves are assumed. The free surface is expressed as a Fourier series and the velocity potential is expanded in terms of the linear natural modes of the fluid motion. The infinite-dimensional modal system is approximated and the result is a finite set of ordinary differential equations in time for generalized coordinates (Fourier cofficients) of the free surface. This theory is not valid for small water depth or when water impacts heavily on the tank roof. The proposed method has a high computational efficiency, facilitates simulations of a coupled vehicle-fluid system and has been extensively validated for forced motions. Experiments with a smooth rectangular tank exited by forced harmonic horizontal oscillations have been performed and the results are used to validate the analytical sloshing model. Transients and associated nonlinear modulation of the waves, beating, are important due to the low level of damping of the fluid motion. The measured parameters are the motion of the tank and the free surface elevation at three positions. Pictures and video are used to study local flow details and the dynamics of the flow. At excitation periods in the vicinity of the first natural period for the fluid motion in the tank, even small motion amplitudes lead to violent sloshing and impacts between the rising water surface and the tank roof. Impacts cause high pressures and forces. The effect of slamming in the tank is included by a local anlysis interacting with the nonlinear sloshing model. A Wagner based mthod is used to find the flow induced by slamming. Hydroelastic effects are ignored. The hypothesis that the kinetic and potential energy in the jet flow coused by the impact is dissipated when the jet flow hits the free surface, enables a rational calculation of the damping effect of impacts on the slishing flow. The Wagner approach requires a small angle between the impacting free surface and the tank roof. A correction by a similarity solution, or alternatively, by a generalization of Wagner's theory valid for larger angles is applied when this is not the case. Since anslytically based methods are used, fluid impact load predictions are robust. A coupled ship motion and sloshing system is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Two-dimensional experiments on a box-shaped ship section excited by regular beam sea have been conducted. The section contains two tanks and can only move in sway. Fluid motion inside the tanks has a large effect on the sway motion response of the section. Simulatons of a corresponding system are performed by assuming a mainly linear external flow and applying the nonlinear sloshing model. The linear external hydrodynamic loads due to body motion are expressed in terms of a convoltion integral representing the history of the fluid motion. detailed numerical study of how to accuratly and numerical sway motion of the ship section is reported. The calculated cooupled motion is sensitive to the damping of the sloshing motion in a certain frequency range where the coupled sloshing and ship motions couse resonant ship motions. A quasi-linear frequency domain analysis is used to explain this by introducing the sloshing loads as a frequency dependent spring.

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Aga, Halvor Larsson. "Assessment of structural requirements related to LNG fuel tanks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22343.

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This thesis considers collision between ships, and the structural resistance of the struckship with the aim to minimize the indentation into the ship side.First it gives a background in ship collision analysis, different techniques are discussed,and emphasis is given to the decoupling of the ship collision problem. Secondly itassesses the rules that come into account when introducing LNG fuel tanks in a cargoship, rules regarding modelling of ship structures as well as expected rule development.An introduction to the existing methods for estimation of energy involved in shipcollisions is given. The different structural components of a ship section are discussed,and applicable analytical formulae as well as an analytical method for determining theforce indentation curves for a full ship section are reviewed. Special structural elementsof core type are briefly discussed.A parametrical model of a ship side section capable of modelling different configurationsfor the structural layout is developed. This model is used for collision analysis by meansof LS-DYNA, where displacement controlled impact with a rigid and simple cone shapeindenter is driven into the side section at a right angle. The simulations are uncoupled.They are verified by means of convergence and sensitivity testing. Variables whichshould be given close attention enclose failure strain of the material and the staticfriction coefficient. The model is compared to analytical solutions, showing agreement toa certain degree. For comparative studies the model is given confidence.The model is used for a comparative study where the aim is to assess the reduction insafe distance for a gas tank, by taking into account the effect of ice strengthening. In thiscase study it is concluded that the fuel tanks could be moved 1.37 metres or 1.45 metrescloser to the ship side for two different implementations of ice class. Structuralparameters are studied. The main conclusions are that an increase of the outer skinthickness or the introduction of an extra stringer gives good results. For concurrentincrease the thicknesses in webframes, stringers and outer skin give good results. Acomparison table is developed, and a comparison ratio is presented for eachparametrical variation. It is noted that the ice strengthened design gives promisingcomparison ratios. This study has been carried out by variation over the whole height ofthe section and ?individualization? of the variables over the height might lead toimproved results.

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Leka, Suida. "On mixing and aeration of Rushton turbine stirred tanks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The present study investigates the influence of the fluid properties on the mixing and aeration process of a Rushton turbine stirred tanks. Once the Rushton turbine agitated reactor is designed and developed following common standards, the effects of the viscosity, density, and surface tension on the bubbling process are evaluated. The size of single gas bubbles issued from a submerged nozzle is estimated at constant gas flow rate varying the orifice diameter, gas phase injected, and the liquid medium. Four orifice diameters are used: 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 5.0 mm in diameter. As liquid medium, glycerine aqueous solutions at three different glycerine volume concentrations (20%, 40% and 60%), salt aqueous solution (300 g/L of salt) and surfactant solutions using Tween 20 at 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM concentrations, are employed for the experiments. Instead, air and argon are used to analyse the influence of the gas properties on the bubble size. Subsequently, the evaluations of the bubble frequency, the time rising, gas hold up and power consumption are performed considering all the investigated solutions. The mentioned experiments are carried out at three different impeller speed: 0, 185 and 315 RPM. It has been found that the fluid properties have an important role on the bubble size which largely influence the gas frequency, the time rising, and the gas hold up. Finally, the objective is to study qualitatively the shape of the gaseous cavities in relation with the agitator speed and the gas phase flow rate in order to understand in which flow regime the different gas cavities are present. The experiments are carried out using water as liquid medium and air for the gas phase. Two different cases are investigated. In the first case, the impeller speed was varied from 150 RPM to 600 RPM, maintaining constant the gas flow rate at 0.5 L/min. In the second case, the impeller speed has been kept constant at 500RPM and the gas flow rate varied from 0.5 L/min to 1.5 L/min.

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Windén, Björn. "Anti Roll Tanks in Pure Car and Truck Carriers." Thesis, KTH, Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10968.

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This is a master thesis conducted at KTH Centre for Naval Architecture in collaboration with Wallenius Marine AB.

Rolling motions is something that is undesired in all kinds of seafaring. In terms of propulsion resistance, comfort and route planning it would be desirable to reduce these motions. This thesis is an investigation on how different roll stabilising systems affect the performance of an 8000 unit PCTC vessel, special emphasis is put on investigating the performance of anti roll tanks. The ship in question has a recorded incidence of parametric rolling and the ability of the tanks to countervail this phenomenon is also investigated.

The tank and fin stabilising systems are relatively equal when it comes to roll damping performance related to changes in the required forward propulsion power. The tanks however, have a higher potential for improvements, addition of features such as heeling systems and parametric roll prevention systems.

The tank performance is also independent of the speed of the ship. The tanks are easier to retrofit and do not require the ship to be put in dry dock during installation. The conclusion of this thesis is that a combined anti roll and heeling system should be installed but that a further study has to be made on the performance of active rudder stabilisation.

It is shown that passive tanks are efficient at preventing parametric rolling in some sea states. A proposal is made for a further study on a control system that could achieve the same performance for all sea states.

HTML clipboard Detta är ett examensarbete utfört på KTH Marina System i samarbete med Wallenius Marine AB.

Rullningsrörelser är något som är oönskat i all form av sjöfart. Framsteg kan göras i både framdrivningsmotstånd, komfort och ruttplanering om dessa rörelser kunde minskas. Detta examensarbete består av en undersökning hur olika system för rulldämpning påverkar prestandan hos ett 8000 enheters PCTC-fartyg. Speciell vikt har lagts vid att undersöka prestandan hos antirulltankar. Det undersökta fartyget har en dokumenterad incident med parametrisk rullning och tankarnas förmåga att motverka detta fenomen undersöks.

Tank- och fenstabilisatorer är i princip likvärdiga vad det gäller dämpningsprestanda relaterat till erforderliga ändringar i framdrivningseffekten. Tankarna har dock en större potential för förbättring och tillägg av ytterligare inslag som krängningshämmare och system för motverkan av parametrisk rullning. Tankarnas prestanda är också oberoende av fartygets fart.

Tankarna är lättare att installera i efterhand och kräver inte att fartyget läggs i torrdocka under installationen. Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att en kombinerad antirull- och krängningshämmande tank bör installeras men att en vidare studie måste göras på prestandan hos aktiva roderstabiliseringssystem.

Det visas att passiva tankar kan motverka parametrisk rullning i vissa sjötillstånd. Ett förslag om en vidare studie på reglersystem som skulle kunna ge samma prestanda vid alla sjötillstånd ges.

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Puhan, Tatjana-Xenia. "Balancing exploration and exploitation by creating organizational think tanks." Wiesbaden Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verl. Gabler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987457306/04.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IS (Tanks)'

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