Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ischémie du myocarde'
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Argaud, Laurent. "Transition de perméabilité mitochondriale et ischémie-reperfusion myocardique." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10087.
Full textLauzier, Benjamin. "Approches fonctionnelles et pharmacologiques de la protection myocardique lors de la séquence ischémie reperfusion." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU13.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbi-mortality in developed country. With the aging of the population the numbers of death due to such pathology increase. In the first part of our work, we focused on cardioprotection during the heart graft. For that, we used an isolated working rat heart model. During the first study, we used a pharmacological approach aiming to reduce peroxynitrite impact using a specific catalyst : FeTPPS. Our study showed that it lead to a significant reduction to damage dealt by the ischemia-reperfusion sequence. The second approach was functioal using a postconditioning protocol. This protocol applied at the onset of reperfusion salvage heart and reduced arrhythmias. After the adaptation of the technical to mice heart, we focused in the second part, in the impact of postconditioning under pathological situation. It appear that while senescent mice heart are still sensitive to postconditioning the heart from hypercholesterolemia animals are no more sensitive to such protocols. This work allow a better understanding of myocardial protection afforded by postconditioning during ischemia-reperfusion events
Mouhieddine, Sahar. "Protection du myocarde ischémique par la L-carnitine chez le rat." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10094.
Full textOvize, Michel. "Le "préconditionnement" myocardique : données expérimentales chez le chien." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T204.
Full textCharlon, Vincent. "Physiopathologie de l'ischémie myocardique expérimentale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE19001.
Full textBrulport, Valérie. "Dépistage systèmatique de l'ischémie myocardique silencieuse chez le diabètique asymptomatique par la scintigraphie myocardique." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6418.
Full textBriaud, Stéphanie A. "Ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris "knockout" : étude de l'inflammation et de l'apoptose." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T153.
Full textBoudina, Sihem. "Implication du canal potassique dans la protection du myocarde vis-à-vis de l'ischémie." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20924.
Full textHerpin, Daniel. "Sous-décalage du segment ST rapporté à la fréquence cardiaque au cours de l'épreuve d'effort informatisée : évaluation de deux critères d'ischémie myocardique issus de cette relation." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10446.
Full textRozenberg, Sandrine. "Vieillissement cardiaque : pharmacologie des agents anesthésiques halogènes et adaptation au choc septique et à l'ischémie reperfusion." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S033.
Full textAging can induce important structural but and functional changes in myocardium. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of aging on several putative mechanisms such as physiological alterations at advanced ages, myocardial effects of halogenated volatile anesthetics and myocardial response to acute stress during endototoxemia and ischemia/reperfusion. During senescence (24 month old of age), although hemodynamic function at rest is not impaired, ex vivo studies have shown decreased contractility and relaxation in papillary muscle and in isolated perfused heart as well as alterations in coronary perfusion. An in vivo hemodynamis dysfunction appears at advanced ages (28 month old of age) and is related to major alteration in ventricular compliance secondary to increased fibrosis. Isoflurane has similar effects in both young and senescent (24 mo. ) rats. In contrast, inotropic and lusitropic effects of halothane are less pronounced in senescet than in young rats, probably because of its specific effests on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The modest endogen catecholamine-related positive inotropic effect found with desflurane in adult rats was absent in aged hearts, consistent with β-adrenergic pathway alterations. Senescent heart developed myocardial contractile dysfunction of similar severity as that observed in young observed in young adult rats, despite the use of smallerendotoxin doses. Moreover, in contrast with the young adult rat, myofilament CA2+ sensitivity was preserved, and differences in the inflammatory response were evidenced. These differences likely explain the lack of protective effect of fenofibrate (an activator of PPARα) on myocardial function during endotoxemia in senescent rats whereas this dysfunction was fully prevented by fenofibrate in endotoxemic adult rats. During a severe model of " low flow " ischemia (45 min of ischemia) followed by 30 min of reperfusion, cariporide (a sodium-proton exchanger inhibitor) improved myocardial function only in senescent rats. On the other hand, in a less severe model of " no flow " ischemia (20 min of ischemia) followed by 30 min of reperfusion, fenofibrate only improved coronary function during the first minutes of reperfusion at both ages. This effect was neither sustained nor associated with improvement in myocardial functional recovery whatever the age of animals. Taken together, these results illustrate the impact of senescent on myocardial function. They strongly justify a large use of experimental models of senescent animals in order to predict more accurately the effects of any intervention (especially pharmacological) in older patients
Abadie, Claire. "La séquence ischémie-reperfusion cardiaque : incidences fonctionnelles et approches pharmacologiques de la protection myocardique." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOMU01.
Full textYvon, Alexandra. "Effets des médicaments de l'anesthésie sur les propriétés contractiles et electrophysiologiques du myocarde soumis à une ischemie-reperfusion in vitro." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2038.
Full textPierre-Justin, Gilbert. "Faisabilité et application clinique du Strain et du Strain Rate : nouvelle modalité d'imagerie cardiaque pour quantifier la fonction myocardique régionale après un infarctus récent au cours d'une échographie d'effort sur table inclinée en position semi-assise." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3327.
Full textAniq, Filali Ouafaa. "Etudes électrophysiologiques et mécaniques d'un antagoniste des sites périphériques aux benzodiazepines, le pk11195 sur le myocarde ventriculaire de cobaye." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10170.
Full textDimassi, Belhadj Noura. "Etude des arythmies d'ischémie et de reperfusion chez le rat : influence du système nerveux sympathique." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS054.
Full textLucats, Laurence. "La fonction contractile régionale du myocarde post-ischémique : adaptations physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002459490204611&vid=upec.
Full textMyocardial stunning is characterised by a reduced systolic wall thickening and a pardoxical postsystolic wall tickening. Using a model of chronically instrumented dogs, we demonstrated that postsystolic wall thickening is the consequence of a ventricular asynchrony. This abnormality was corrected using late preconditioning or pharmacological cardioprotection. Indeed, selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine converted postsystolic wall tickening into ejectionnal wall tickening during myocardial stunning. Such a beneficial adaptation was also achieved with late preconditioning and was concomitant of a change in calcium homeostasis as demonstrated by an increase in FKBP 12. 6, a regulatory protein of the ryanodine receptor. These data represent potential pharmacological targets for the development of new protective strategies against the cardiac lesions induced by schemia/reperfusion
Nsoure, Obame Fatou. "Permeabilité membranaire mitochondriale et protection du myocarde lors de l'ischemie-reperfusion experimentale." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA114811.
Full textMyocradial ischemia-reperfusion injuries require cardiprotective approaches to improve the repermeabilization of coronaries arteries. So in this work we looked at the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibition as this pore is implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury. We used two pharmalogical strategies to inhibit it. (i) the first one targeted a mitonchondrial outer membrane receptor, the peripheral benzodiazepine (PBR), which is a putative component of mPTP. The cardioprotectio, mediated by PBR was evaluated by 4'-chlorodiazépam (CDZ) a specific PBR ligand. We used a model of global ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat hearts and a model of regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in anaestheized rat. We showed that CDZ reduced infarct size afetr ischemia-reperfusion, improved mitochondrial funcions and decreased apotosis. We observed a reduction of cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factors (AIF) release with a limitation of membrane permeability and with mPTP inhibition. We also demonstrated that this effect was related to a modification of the balance of the Bel-2 family proteins at the level of the mitochondrial outer member. Indeed, DCZ stabilized the association of bel-2 with the mitochondrial membrane and reduced the interaction of Bax. (ii) The second strategy aimed at stimulation the reperfusion injury salavage kinase (RISK), an endogenous protection cascade implied in pre and postconditioning, asthe cardioprotective effect mediated by RISK was suggested to be linked to mPTP inhibition. We used morphine a well-known cardioprotective opioid ligand which was shown to activated the RISK pathway and to inihibit glycogen synthase kinase -3beta (GSK-3beta). We showed that morphine reduced infarct size in a model of regional myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats improved mitochondrials functions. This cardioprotective effect was confirmed in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation as morphine delayed mPTP opening and increased cell survival. The protection afforded by morphine in vitro and in vivo was mimicked by the GSK-3Beta inhibitor SB16763, and was abolished by mortmannine a PI3K inhibitor. These results confirmed the involvement of the RISK pathway in the cardioprotective effect of both morphine and SB216763 and demonstrated a link between this pathway and mPTP inhibition. In a last part we showed that these two strategies had in common an antioxydant effect which appears necessary ti inhibit mPTP and to protect cardiomyocytes. Taken together these results demonstrate and pharmacological strategy limiting the mitochondrial permeability acting on mPTP is essential to protect the myocardium
Harhous, Zeina. "Deciphering the Interlink between STAT3 and MAPKs in Ischemia/Reperfusion and Ischemic Conditioning." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1145.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the mostly prevailing cardiovascular diseases is myocardial infarction, which is pathologically defined as myocardial death due to a prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is an insufficient supply of blood caused by a blockade in the coronary arteries. The early restoration of blood flow is considered the most effective method against the ischemic lesions. Paradoxically, this blood flow restoration is associated with an exacerbation of the tissue injury, leading to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. To avoid this injury, the myocardial ischemic conditioning protocol has rejuvenated the field of cardioprotection. This protocol confers its cardioprotective effects via recruiting various endogenous mechanisms following the activation of two intracellular pathways: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) or survivor activator factor enhancer (SAFE) pathways. These pathways involve the activation of different signaling cascades and protein kinases. Zooming in through the SAFE pathway, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, STAT3, has been identified as a prominent key player in ischemic postconditioning (IPoC). The cardioprotective effects attributed to STAT3 are suggested to be linked to its roles as a transcription factor and as a regulator of the mitochondrial activity, but these are not well studied and elaborated. STAT3 is activated by phosphorylation, which targets the tyrosine 705 and serine 727 residues. In our current work, we initially aimed to investigate the mitochondrial cardioprotective roles of STAT3 following I/R and IPoC. However, we were not able to detect STAT3 in the mitochondria of adult mouse cardiomyocytes under variousbasal and stress conditions using different approaches. Interestingly, we showed an exclusive STAT3 pattern in adult cardiac myocytes, along the T-tubules, and highlighted drawbacks of previously used techniques. Aside from the mitochondrial roles of STAT3, we targeted its signaling and genomic roles during I/R and IPoC. We first aimed to determine, during I/R and IPoC, the temporal kinetics of activation of STAT3 and the other kinases of the RISK pathway including Akt and the MAPKs ERK1/2, JNK and p38. In addition, we aimed to decipher the interlink between the SAFE and RISK pathways through deciphering the interlink between STAT3 and the RISK kinases following IPoC. We showed that a short reperfusion time activates STAT3 and ERK1/2 following ischemia, and that the application of IPoC further activates STAT3 through inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. We also showed that the interlink between SAFE and RISK pathways, in the IPoC protocol we used, is through STAT3 and ERK1/2. From this signaling level, we moved toward the genomic level whereby we investigated the genomic activity of STAT3 during IPoC. In this regard, we have shown that STAT3 is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response during IPoC. Overall, this study presents a global approach of STAT3’s mitochondrial, signaling and genomic functions in the context of cardiac protection
Hanssen, Brigitte. "Ischémie myocardique de reperfusion ? : à propos de 52 désobstructions coronariennes en phase aigüe d'infarctus du myocarde." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M253.
Full textSeguin, Jacques. "Développement de modèles expérimentaux d'étude de l'ischémie et de la reperfusion myocardiques." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON1T017.
Full textBehloul, Faïza. "Fusion de donnees TEP-IRM par methodes neurofloues pour l'etude de la viabilite du myocarde." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0025.
Full textPredicting which patient with alteration in contractile function will benefit from revascularization procedure after myocardial infarction is a challenging issue for clinicians. This prediction is based on the assessment of myocardial viability. Experimental studies showed that accurate viability assessment requires information about myocardial blood flow (perfusion) glucose metabolism and contractile function of the myocardium. Unfortunately, no imaging modality permits the examination of the three myocardial functions. Furthermore, integrating a growing number of parameters is tedious for clinicians and it is difficult to distinguish the different ischemic processes involved in ischemic heart disease based on visual image analysis. Thus, a multimodality data fusion system for automatic decision making is necessary. Therefore, our work was aimed to integrate perfusion, metabolism assessed by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and contractile function assessed by tagging MRI, to derive automatically accurate assessment of myocardial viability. Our fusion system is designed to process human-like expertise adapt itself and improve it performances in growing data bases via learning procedures. The quintessence of designing such an intelligent system lies in neuro-fuzzy computing, which is considered the backbone of a recent discipline called Soft Computing. The fusion system is a hierarchical modular network consisting of four Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems. The design of the networks and the tuning of its parameters was based on expend knowledge and unsupervised fuzzy clustering algorithms. Segmentation, visualization and registration techniques necessary for the fusion process have been developed and integrated to interactive software. This software permits accurate viability assessment and quantification that will help to confirm and enhance already existing clinical knowledge about myocardial viability. The first validation results, based on the kappa statistic measure are very encouraging
Kaeffer, Nathalie. "Mécanismes impliqués dans la protection endothéliale coronaire après ischémie et reperfusion myocardiques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUE05NR.
Full textBonnet, Henry. "La chirurgie des insuffisances mitrales ischémiques : à propos d'une série consécutive de 53 patients opérés entre 1978 et 1991." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3099.
Full textSion, Danielle. "Tests de stimulation pharmacologique pour la détection de l'ischémie myocardique par la tomographie scintigraphique au Thallium 201." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P013.
Full textZhu, Lan. "Le préconditionnement et le postconditionnement induits par les médicaments de l'anesthésie sur le myocarde humain in vitro et in vivo." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN3089.
Full textWe studied the effects of anesthetics on contractile properties of human myocardium, in vitro, submitted to a sequence of hypoxia-reoxygenation. We first reported that sufentanil and remifentanil continuous administration before and during hypoxia-reoxygenation preserved human myocardium contractility. Secondly, we performed a “double” study combining the experimental in vitro model and a clinical investigation. The results showed that in vivo administration of sevoflurane preconditioned human myocardium against the effects of hypoxia measured in vitro and produced a cardioprotection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery leading to a reduction of both TnIc release and inotropic support on postoperative period. Desflurane administered in vivo induced also a preconditioning effect in myocardium in vitro. Then, we showed, in vitro, that sevoflurane and desflurane preconditioned human myocardium against hypoxia through a ROS-dependent mechanism. Finally, we demonstrated that sevoflurane and desflurane postconditioned human myocardium against hypoxia through activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
Vanzetto, Gérald. "N-ethoxy-N-ethyldithiocarbamato-99mTechnetium (99mTcN-NOET) marqueur de la perfusion myocardique : études biologiques & cliniques." Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19001.
Full textZouggari, Yasmine. "Inflammation et remodelage tissulaire post-ischémique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077084.
Full textTissue remodeling and revascularization after ischemia promote tissue survival and function. Leukocyte infiltration in ischemic areas is a hallmark of myocardial infarction, and persistent infiltration of innate immune cells, such as neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes, has been shown to promote adverse cardiac tissue remodeling. In the first work, we analyzed the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) on revascularization in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia. We have shown that Treg downregulate post-ischemic inflammatory response and subsequently revascularization. In a second study, we showed in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction, that B lymphocytes released the chemokine MCP-3 and trigger an MCP-3-dependent mobilization of Ly6Chi monocytes from the bone marrow to the blood, leading to their recruitment into the injured myocardium and to exacerbation of tissue inflammation, thereby promoting adverse cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, modulation of the lymphocyte reaction controls the post-ischemic inflammatory response and tissue remodeling
Noël, Martin. "Investigation sur la cardioprotection et de l'entrainement du myocarde ischémique (ISCHEMI-A1)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19857.
Full textRichard, Vincent. "Rôle des radicaux libres oxygénés lors de la reperfusion post-ischémique chez le chien." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEO5TP.
Full textJulia, Pierre. "Ischémie : reperfusion d'organe : étude des particularités liées à la maturité et à la fonction de l'organe reperfusé." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD03.
Full textLehot, Jean-Jacques. "Effets des beta-bloqueurs et calcium-bloqueurs sur la fonction régionale du myocarde ischémique durant l'anesthésie." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T020.
Full textLemoine, Sandrine. "Mécanismes impliqués dans le postconditionnement du myocarde humain induit par le desflurane, in vitro." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2068.
Full textWe studied mechanisms involved in the effects of desflurane induced postconditioning on contractile properties of human myocardium, in vitro, submitted to a sequence of hypoxia-reoxygenation. First, our results show that brief exposure to desflurane, in early reoxygenation, preserved human myocardium contractility against hypoxia-reoxygenation, in vitro. Desflurane-induced postconditioning in human myocardium was mediated by: 1) Protein Kinase C activation, 2) mitochondrial KATP channel opening, 3) activation and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, 4) adenosine receptors and bradykinin B2 receptors stimulation, 5) generation of radical oxygen species, 6) recruitment and activation of "Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinases" pathway, 7) inhibition of mitochondrial transition permeability mPTP. Additionally, Protein Kinase C activation is upstream of mitochondrial KATP channel opening, p38 MAPK acts on Protein Kinase C in pathway signaling of postconditioning. We secondly reported that, brief administration of desflurane in early reoxygenation induced postconditioning in human diabetic (type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus) myocardium, in vitro. These results suggest that desflurane could be used in clinical practice as a cardioprotector agent for diabetic patients
Mazzadi, Alejandro Noel. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle à l'étude des couplages entre la perfusion, le métabolisme glucudique et la fonction contractile dans l'ischemie myocardique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/60/59/PDF/tel-00004470.pdf.
Full textThe study of the myocardial viability is a critical factor in guiding medical decisions regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The knowledge of the relationship between perfusion, metabolism and myocardial contractile function is essential in distinguishing the pathophysiological consequences of the ischemic injury and so, to determine myocardial viability. We evaluated in CAD patients (n=43), the relationship between perfusion (by positron emission tomography –PET- and 18FDG), glucose metabolism (by PET and H215O) and intramyocardial contractile function (by tagged magnetic resonance imaging –MRI-). Firstly, we studied the relationship between regional values of perfusion and glucose metabolism. Perfusion was evaluated at rest and after Dipyridamole stimulation for coronary reserve estimations. Glucose metabolism measurements were carried out under hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp for standardization of metabolic conditions. For each patient, the distribution of regional perfusion and glucose metabolism was analyzed and it showed large inter-individual differences. Such differences allowed to determining that myocardial hibernation (classically defined as viable) associated to reversible stress defects is specific of patients with preserved perfusion and glucose uptake. Next, we added the quantitative evaluation of the intramyocardial contractile function to the coupling between regional perfusion and glucose metabolism. Contractile function was assessed at rest and after Dobutamine for evaluating inotropic reserve. Our results showed that resting contractile function relates to perfusion and glucose metabolism, but the presence of inotropic reserve does not. Finally, we included in the Appendix a work aiming to provide a useful clinical tool for perfusion evaluations with MRI. In this pilot study in humans (13 patients, 5 normal volunteers) we showed the value of FAMIS applied to first-pass MR imaging series in detecting perfusion defects
Amara, Moulay. "Prévalence et dépistage de l'ischémie myocardique silencieuse dans une population de diabétiques en Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0182.
Full textAims: Determine the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and linked coronary lesions in a organized detection of diabetic patients in Guadeloupe (meaning in a mainly Afro-Caribbean population) and search the strongly predictivs elements which are able to improve recruitment. Methods: We included 161 diabetic patients amongst the 305 asymptomatics directed between March 2003 and June 2006 to the cardiovascular consultation. These people fulfil the conditions (explored during the initial assessment) drew up jointly by the Societe Française de Cardiologie and the Association de langue Française pour l'étude du Diabete et des maladies Métaboliques. The detection was realised first by a diagnosis test (exercise test, stress nuclear Imaging or stress echography), then by a coronary angiography If a lesion could be suspected. Result: 39% (57 people) of the detected patients had SMI. Beyond them 10 (7%) show significant lesions at the coronary angiography (3 below the 50% of the vessel lumen, 2 above and is rnonotrorcular 5 above and is multitroncular). The rate of SMI positive patients was almost the same than in a Caucasian population. In our population the difference observed was the distribution of the coronary lesions (small ratio of coronary lesions, strong ratio of SMI without anatomic lesion). 5 elements were predictive of SMI. These were: a personal history of coronaropathy, a nephropathy (microalbuminuria excluded), a left ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis or stenosis of the supra aortic arteries, atherosclerosis or stenosis of the leg peripheral arteries. The existence of, at least, two of these elements in a people who reached the criterions
Assaly, Rana. "Protection du myocarde ischémique et pore géant mitochondrial : applications pharmacologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734466.
Full textToufektsian, Marie-Claire. "Étude des mécanismes du préconditionnement myocardique chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE19002.
Full textFranck-Miclo, Alicia. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-apoptotique contre les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13505/document.
Full textMyocardial infarction (MI) results from a coronary occlusion leading to severe ischemia. Infarct size is a major determinant of myocardial salvage and mortality. Prompt revascularization (either by thrombolysis or primary angioplasty) is recommended for AMI patients but leads to deleterious effects called "reperfusion injury". Recently, ischemic postconditioning (PostC) efficiency has been reported in patients. However, its application during primary angioplasty is limited to patients admitted in angioplasty centers thereby excluding thrombolysed patients. In order to improve cardioprotection, it is necessary to define the time window for optimal cardioprotection and to develop new pharmacological strategies for AMI patients. Our work, using an in vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion, shows that PostC efficiency is maintained if applied the first 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of peptide inhibitors targeting apoptosis, which is responsible for cell death during ischemia-reperfusion. As a proof-of-concept study, the cardioprotective effects of Tat-BH4 and Pip2b-BH4 peptidic constructs have been revealed in vitro and in vivo. The peptidic constructs targeting FAS-DAXX interaction, injected intravenously as a single bolus at the time of reperfusion, reduced by 50% both infarct size and apoptosis. These pharmacological tools have been patented due to their high therapeutic potential
Minviole, Thierry. "Impact de l'athérectomie coronaire sur la fonction segmentaire du ventricule gauche." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23060.
Full textFrikha, Mohamed Ridha. "Modèle d'étude de la protection myocardique chez la brebis et son application à l'étude comparative d'une cardioplégie cristalloi͏̈de et d'une cardioplégie sanguine." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT012A.
Full textPasdois, Philippe. "Modulation de la fonction mitochondriale par les canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP : implication dans la protection du myocarde vis-àvis des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21288.
Full textIschaemic preconditioning (IPC), applied before ischaemia, is a strategy of cardioprotection. It increases cell survival after an ischemia-reperfusion protocol. It is hypothesized that the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK-ATP) triggers and accomplishes this cardioprotection. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which its activation induces the infarct size reduction is a matter of controversy. We have shown on perfused rat heart that an activation of the mitoK-ATP (by either IPC or diazoxide) modulates the structure and function of mitochondria and finally preserves this organelle against reperfusion-induced damages. Ischaemic postconditioning is another strategy which, when applied at the beginning of the reperfusion, desreases infarct size. We have demonstrated For the first time, that this protocol is effective in pig and requires mitoK-ATP activation
Aupetit, Jean-François. "Interactions entre l'ischémie myocardique et les antiarythmiques : effets des antiarythmiques sur la vulnérabilité à la fibrillation ventriculaire au cours d'une ischémie aiguë." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T284.
Full textBauer, Déborah. "Etude des effets cardioprotecteurs d'un analogue de l'érythropoïétine, la darbepoétine-alfa, chez un modèle d'infarctus du myocarde chez le rat - Approche mécanistique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3124.
Full textCardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Loss of cardiomyocytes via apoptosis is believed to contribute to the continuous decline of the ventricular function in heart failure. Several investigations revealed that following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), cardiomyocytes apoptosis is controlled, at least, by the Bcl-2 proteins family members. The excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, through NADPH oxidase, contributes also to cellular damages and death. Recently, erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic cytokine, has been shown to protect heart exposed to ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion, limiting infarct size and cardiac remodeling. However, to date the precise cellular mechanism of DA-induced cardioprotection remains incompletely understood. Thus, the aims of this work were 1) to assess the short and long term cardioprotective effects of darbepoetin-a (DA), an Epo analog, in an in vivo rat model of I/R ; 2) to investigate the signaling pathway through which DA potentially limits apoptosis and ; 3) to elucidate whether its cardioprotective effect, and more particularly its antioxidative effect, is linked to an HO-1-dependent inhibition of the NADPH activity. In the first study, left ventricle infarct size (LV) was smaller than that in the control rats, in agreement with echocardiographics parameters. DA-treatment activated the JAK2/Akt signaling pathway, lowered cleaved caspase-3 and increased both P-Bad and P-GSK-3ß proteins. This was consistent with the decrease of ROS production and the lowered binding of Bad to Bcl-xL and Bcl-. Similarly, in long term study, histology alterations implicated lower LV cardiac fibrosis and greater capillary density; furthermore both Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were upregulated. In the second study, both LVSF and LVEF were higher versus control and DA+ZnPP, a heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, matching with the decreased LV infarct size in DA rats. DA induced HO-1 and down regulated the expression of p47phox and the activation of Rac1, both regulatory subunits of the NADPH-oxidase. This was consistent with the decrease of ROS production and these DA effects were inhibited by ZnPP. Further experiments in humans are now required to prove benefits effects of DA and to promote the use of EPO as therapeutics in heart infarction
Perchenet, Loïc. "Contribution de l'électrophysiologie à l'étude du processus de préconditionnement ischémique dans le myocarde de rat." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0011.
Full textCaus, Thierry. "Métabolisme énergétique et transplantation cardiaque." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20661.pdf.
Full textAn optimal metabolic and functional recovery of the graft is the keystone for the success of heart transplantation. We studied in the rat, the post-ischemic heart's recovery based on functional and metabolic parameters. We conducted our experiments on the isolated perfused heart (Langendorft) as well as on the heterotopically transplanted heart. We used P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate the concentration of the high energy phosphates compounds (HEP) during ischemia and reperfusion. We used the determination of functional indexes to assess the recovery of contractility. In the isolated heart model, we found that the preservation of the graft during cold ischemia was better at 7. 5°C than at 4°C. We also demonstrated that, after a 12 hours cold ischemia, the metabolic and functional preservation was improved with the CRMBM solution, a new preservation solution elaborated in our laboratory, than with the UW, St Thomas or Broussais solutions commonly used for the preservation of the human heart graft. In the transplanted heart model, we found that the improvement of the graft contractility observed form early to late reperfusion was synchronous with a spontaneous regeneration of HEP. W e therefore validated for the first time the possibility to investigate in vivo simultaneously the contractility and the energetic metabolism of the myocardium. We also proved that the adjunct of L-arginine to the CRMBM solution significantly improved the contractility of the graft during early reperfusion whereas it did not modify the kinetics of the HEP (possible effect of a better protection of the endothelial function). The CRMBM solution enriched with L-arginine could improve the results of heart transplantation thanks to a better metabolic preservation of the heart graft
Khandoudi, Nassirah. "Modifications ultrastructurales, métaboliques et fonctionnelles, du coeur de rat normal et diabétique, au cours de l'ischémie et de la reperfusion : étude de la contribution de l'échange transmembranaire Na⁺ /H⁺." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112291.
Full textRalay, Ranaivo Hantamalala. "Effets de différents extraits végétaux et rôle de la forme 210 de la kinase de la chaîne légère de la myosine sur les altérations cardiaques post-ischémiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13150.
Full textThe present work was aimed to study the prevention of myocardial cellular and functional injuries induced by ischaemia-reperfusion. On the one hand, we investigated the protective effects of 3 extracts: polyphenols from red wine (EPV) or cognac (EPC) and from Cedrelopsis grevei (CG) on isolated hearts and the cardiovascular consequences of their oral administration ex vivo. On the other hand, we studied the role myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a protein of the cytoskeleton, using the pharmacologic inhibitor of MLCK (MMZ-5-022A) or by studying ischaemia in mice deficient in the isoform 210 of this kinase (MLCK210). Our results showed that:Plant extract have heterogenous effects according to their nature and the method of administration. On isolated heart subjected to ischaemia, EPV was cardioprotective by decreasing the infarct size whereas CG improved contractile function. Oral administration of EPV and CG but not EPC induced a decrease of the blood pressure. Treatment with EPV and EPC induced a decrease of the myocardial infarction on heart ex vivo. The effects of EPV involved an increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and decreased oxidative stress. While CG treatment did not modify cardiac response to ischaemia ex vivo. However, CG treatment induced an improved vasorelaxation which involved NO-dependent pathway and an increased antioxidant capacity of the vessel. The differential effects might be related to the nature of active compounds contained in those extracts. These results contribute to a better understanding of beneficial effects of the consumption of polyphenols in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The MLCK210 plays a biological role of in the cardiac susceptibility to ischaemia. Indeed, deletion of this kinase in mice or treatment with MMZ-5-022A allowed cardioprotection by decreasing post-ischaemic infarction. The results could contribute to the validation of the MMZ-5-022A as a pharmacological tool in the prevention of reperfusion injuries
Parent, de Curzon Olivier. "Sidération myocardique post-exercice chez le chien : effets des antagonistes des canaux calciques de type L et T." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P213.
Full textPonsard, Blandine. "Influence des acides gras polyinsaturés sur le rôle des récepteurs autonomes dans la tolérance du myocarde à l'ischémie-reperfusion : approche par le modèle d'hypoxie-réoxygénation et de préconditionnement des cardiomyocytes en culture." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOMU04.
Full textMeyer, Grégory. "Pollution de type urbaine au monoxyde de carbone et sensibilité du myocarde au syndrome d'ischémie-reperfusion : rôle cardioprotecteur de l'exercice." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595083.
Full textAngoulvant, Denis. "Thérapie cellulaire myocardique : travaux expérimentaux in vitro et in vivo utilisant les cellules souches mesenchymateuses." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10010.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) expanded from the bone marrow or the umbilical cord blood have been extensively used for cardiac cell therapy experiments. MSC can transdifferentiate in vitro and in vivo in cardiomyocytes, they can be transfected to increase the expression of genes of interest, and they possess the immune property to avoid in vitro allogeneic rejection. Pre clinical studies and phase II trials have shown their ability to protect myocardial structure and enhance contractile function after myocardial infarction. This effect is not related to extensive cardiomyocytes regeneration but to rather indirect effects including enhanced angiogenesis, stabilization of the extracellular matrix and protection against apoptosis. These effects are triggered by paracrine mechanisms involving growth factors present in MSC supernatant