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Moh. Vito Miftahul Munif. "The Educational Quality Development Model of Kaoru Isikawa's Perspective." Al-fahim : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 6, no. 2 (2024): 463–77. https://doi.org/10.54396/alfahim.v6i2.1298.
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This study aims to describe how the concept of developing quality education from Kaoru Ishikawa's perspective. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach in the form of library research. The analysis technique used is content analysis. The results of this study show: 1) Quality Control can be done with the concept of quality circle, namely plan-do-check-action (PDCA) as a quality control tool that can ensure the quality of educational institutions. 2) The quality control circle concept is a design that cuts across all areas of quality improvement including the integration of quality assurance in new product development. In this way, the quality control circle potentially represents the majority of dialogue points for implementing Total Quality Control (TQC) or Company-Wide Quality Control (CWQC) in educational institutions. 3) The concept of Cause and Effect Diagram is a diagram that serves to solve problems effectively by putting the problem into a matrix of causal relationships to solve problems in educational institutions comprehensively.
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KARAPETYAN, Vladimir. "Arguments of Cause-And-Effect Relationships in Person’s Expectations With Divergent Thought." WISDOM 16, no. 3 (2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v16i3.389.
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The goal of the research is to reveal the semantic divisions of cause-and-effect, receiving arguments, processing and presenting information through person’s implicit judgments.
 The methodological apparatus of the research has been chosen in the result of the combination of danger, emotion, provability connected with the subjective arguments of cause-and-effect relations. Through Ch. Osgood’s method of semantic differential, the Ishikawa diagram analytical tool and PARLA (Problem-Action-Result-Learned-Applied) method the effects of word, consequently, the action grade, force-activity factors were revealed.
 The results of the research: Through the theoretical-experimental study of cause-and-effect relationships dependent, independent variables are proved with the polar qualities internalized by the person: “Danger”-"Security", "Emotional stability -Emotional instability", "Proof-Denial’’. From the viewpoint of Ch. Osgood's semantic differential the importance of word force, activity and evaluation is proved through syllabic formulas (“All A-s are B” or "are not B", "If A, then B").
 The analyzes of “cause-and-effect-cause”, in the framework of PARLA method, aimed at the application of one's actions, enable the transformation of person's cognitive activity into a reflexive ability with the consciousness of the effect emphasized by divergent thinking, personal expectation of post-work consciousness, and K. Ishikawa’s diagram, carried out with five phases, makes the multidimensional thinking more controlled
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Rodgers, Mark, and Rosa Oppenheim. "Ishikawa diagrams and Bayesian belief networks for continuous improvement applications." TQM Journal 31, no. 3 (2019): 294–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-11-2018-0184.
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Purpose In continuous improvement (CI) projects, cause-and-effect diagrams are used to qualitatively express the relationship between a given problem and its root causes. However, when data collection activities are limited, and advanced statistical analyses are not possible, practitioners need to understand causal relationships. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the authors present a framework that combines cause-and-effect diagrams with Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) to estimate causal relationships in instances where formal data collection/analysis activities are too costly or impractical. Specifically, the authors use cause-and-effect diagrams to create causal networks, and leverage elicitation methods to estimate the likelihood of risk scenarios by means of computer-based simulation. Findings This framework enables CI practitioners to leverage qualitative data and expertise to conduct in-depth statistical analysis in the event that data collection activities cannot be fully executed. Furthermore, this allows CI practitioners to identify critical root causes of a given problem under investigation before generating solutions. Originality/value This is the first framework that translates qualitative insights from a cause-and-effect diagram into a closed-form relationship between inputs and outputs by means of BBN models, simulation and regression.
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Bilsel, R. Ufuk, and Dennis K. J. Lin. "Ishikawa Cause and Effect Diagrams Using Capture Recapture Techniques." Quality Technology & Quantitative Management 9, no. 2 (2012): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16843703.2012.11673282.
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Fraga Vilela, Flavio, Kam Cheong Wong, Guilherme Miranda Bócoli, et al. "Lean Healthcare in A Brazilian Hospital: Application of the Ishikawa Diagram in the Processes Management of an Operating Theater." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, no. 10 (2023): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i10/1764.
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Patient safety has been gaining prominence since the beginning of the 20th century, as it is a fundamental component of quality in health. This way, the application of Lean Healthcare (LH) can offer patient-focused care, achieving better results for patients, institutional management, operational management, greater customer and employee satisfaction. In this context, the present study aims to apply the LH, through the Ishikawa Diagram, to look for the possible causes of delays in surgical procedures in a regional hospital. The research used a cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative study to survey the prevalence and nature of errors and their causes. After that, visits were made to the surgical center to explain the application of Ishikawa Diagram and its practical importance. Then, using the Ishikawa Diagram tool, the professionals were asked about the possible causes of the situation presented, participating in the elaboration of cause-effect diagrams together with the researchers through the use of a digital technology conceived in VBA (Visual Basic Application). After analysing 32 surgical procedures, four root main causes and twelve specific causes were identified for the delays in the surgical procedure. Workforce is the main cause of delays in the operating room (51%), followed by methods (22%). These causes resulted in financial losses for the hospital. However, these causes could be identified and prevented.
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Biały, Witold, and Juraj Ružbarský. "Breakdown Cause and Effect Analysis. Case Study." Management Systems in Production Engineering 26, no. 2 (2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2018-0013.
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Abstract Every company must ensure that the production process proceeds without interferences. Within this article, the author uses the term “interferences” in reference to unplanned stoppages caused by breakdowns. Unfortunately, usually due to machine operators’ mistakes, machines break, which causes stoppages thus generating additional costs for the company. This article shows a cause and effect analysis of a breakdown in a production process. The FMEA as well as quality management tools: the Ishikawa diagram and Pareto chart were used for the analysis. Correction measures were presented which allowed for a significant reduction in the number of stoppages caused by breakdowns.
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Roni Harsoyo. "Model Pengembangan Mutu Pendidikan (Tinjauan Konsep Mutu Kaoru Ishikawa)." Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education Management 2, no. 1 (2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/sajiem.v2i1.44.
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The purpose of writing this article is to examine the concept of improving the quality of Kaoru Ishikawa and its implementation in improving the quality of education. Quality according to Ishikawa is customer satisfaction and quality is not only product quality but also includes people, processes, and every aspect of the organization. The quality improvement effort made by Ishikawa is by implementing a Quality Control system. In this effort, Ishikawa recommends establishing a QC Circle and the use of basic quality tools, one of which is the Cause and Effect Diagram. This Ishikawa quality concept can be implemented in education, including: 1) Improving the Quality of Education Output through Quality Control; and 2) The basis for formulating a strategy to improve the quality of education based on cause and effect. The concept of Ishikawa quality improvement provides motivation for educational institutions to carry out good quality management, one of which is consistency in carrying out quality control through the formation of a QC Circle and the use of quality control tools, one of which is the Cause and Effect Diagram. Thus, educational institutions can improve their quality by knowing the root causes of the problems that occur and determining the appropriate quality improvement strategy.
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Gerasimov, A. V., and Zh A. Mingaleva. "Features of the use of instrumental methods of problem analysis when implementing lean manufacturing." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 12, no. 3 (2024): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2024-12-3-83-90.
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Successful implementation of the lean manufacturing concept at an enterprise is impossible without the use of special management tools that allow timely identification of problems in the organisation’s activities and causes of their occurrence. However, the increase in uncertainty and unreliability of information creates significant obstacles in making both quick and accurate decisions. The need to select analytical tools to improve the reliability of management decisions requires careful choice of methods for making them. The article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the Ishikawa cause-effect diagram as an instrumental method of this process for improving production processes. With the help of the comparative analysis based on the use of the Ishikawa diagram, four problems have been identified that may underlie the inhibition of managerial decision-making. The advantages and disadvantages of applying this method in the field of enterprise management and decision-making in conditions of high-speed changes in the external environment are analysed. The most popular modifications of the Ishikawa diagram are considered. It is concluded that the Ishikawa diagram is an effective tool for making prompt and strategic decisions to improve production processes as well as to increase the success of implementing lean manufacturing principles.
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Oancea, Alexandru-Vasile, Corneliu Rontescu, Ana-Maria Bogatu, and Dumitru-Titi Cicic. "Using the Ishikwa diagram for problem analysis in the laser cutting process." Journal of Research and Innovation for Sustainable Society 6, no. 2 (2024): 109–18. https://doi.org/10.33727/jriss.2024.2.12:109-118.
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Laser cutting is a computer numerically controlled process widely used in the automotive industry for cutting metal materials needed to manufacture parts used in automobile production. The production process represents all the conscious actions of a company's employees carried out with the help of various machines, equipment, or installations on raw materials, materials, or other components to transform them into products or services with a certain market value. The Ishikawa diagram, also known as the cause-and-effect diagram, is often used in industrial process analysis, defect prevention, and product design processes. The paper presents the results of the research conducted on the use of the Ishikawa diagram in analyzing the causes that lead to negative effects in the laser cutting process of S235JRH structural steel pipes. After defining the problem, by applying the "WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW MUCH, HOW, WHY" method, all possible causes were identified using the "5 Whys" method. The analysis identified 11 probable causes, and through further analysis, it was concluded that 3 of them were already present in the process, influencing the laser cutting of the pipes and generating quality problems. All the identified causes built the Ishikawa diagram consisting of 7Ms.
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Parfentsevа, N. О., and H. V. Holubova. "Statistical Methods for Quality Control: A Tool for Data Analysis in the Statistica Package." Statistics of Ukraine 100, no. 1 (2023): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(100)2023.01.02.
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The article substantiates the applicability of statistical methods for product quality assessment, analysis of production processes, business processes, etc. The notion “quality” is characterized and its properties are defined: suitability, operational efficiency, appropriate content, etc. It is highlighted that the State Standard of Ukraine is a national body for standardization, metrology and certification, which defines and approves the quality standardization system in accordance with the international standards Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000.
 The focus is made on the main methods for quality control, which are considered the most relevant and most widely used. The application of seven quality control methods is described in detail: Control Sheets, Pareto Diagram, Stratification, Histogram, Scatter Diagram, Cause and Effect Diagram, Control Chart.
 It is substantiated that in a digitalized economy with large scopes of accumulated information, the use of statistical data processing packages is an indisputable tool for analysts. Using statistical quality control methods implemented in the Statistica package, the authors conducted research on simulated data and constructed appropriate graphs and charts. Pareto diagram is designed for ranking the factors with impact on a production process or product quality. The stratification method allows for performing a variance analysis, to determine each factor’s effect on the result.
 The main advantage of the histogram method is its visibility and simplicity for analyzing the homogeneity of a distribution and checking for normality. Scatter diagrams allow one to evaluate the correlation strength and make graphical descriptions of the dependence between production factors, reveal the impact of a factor characteristic on the resulting one, etc. The Ishikawa’s cause-and-effect diagram provides a tool for arranging the factors with effect on the production process. The use of control charts makes enables for analyzing the production process in dynamics.
 It is emphasized that the described quality control methods can be applied in any sequence, production cycle or combination: altogether or as separate analytical tools. Based on the results of the study, the main challenges faced now by business analysts are summed up: the mastery of statistical tools and computer data processing for making effective management decisions.
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Kharitonov, D. V., A. V. Belyakov, and D. A. Anashkin. "The application of «lean production» capabilities for improvement of the glass-ceramics production by small batches. Part 3. The analysis results and the ways to reduce the defect level." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 5 (July 26, 2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-5-13-21.
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The examples are given for the «lean production» capabilities application (such as Pareto diagram, cause and effect diagram of Ishikawa and others) to the analysis of the problems appearing at the science-absorbing industries in the process of the small batches glass-ceramics wares manufacturing. The reasons for the defects occurrence were established, the influence of the supplementary stages on the amount and nature of the detected defects was demonstrated. Some ways how to remove the identified problems are proposed and backed up with facts.
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Saja, Piotr, Artur Woźny, and Lucia Bednarova. "Risk Management in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in an Enterprise – Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 3, no. 1 (2021): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2021-0026.
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Abstract Business continuity depends on the quality of management of individual processes. The management team strives to anticipate all possible threats and define protective measures. In the event of the COVID-19 pandemic enterprises were not prepared for such threats. Therefore, an important role is played by the health and safety inspector who should be involved in the company management process. The impact of the safety aspects of the work environment on the quality and efficiency of work is even more important in the event of an unexpected hazard that is difficult to completely eliminate. The purpose of the paper is to present the causes and effects of the COVID-19 biohazard according to the Ishikawa diagram on the example of a selected process in an enterprise.
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Stepanov, A. M., and N. V. Khashimova. "USE OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL METHODS IN MANUFACTURING BRIDGE METAL STRUCTURES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 253 (July 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.07.pp.030-037.
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This article describes the use of statistical methods of quality control and management in the manufacturing metal bridge structures, such as: – cause and effect diagram (Ishikawa diagram). Causal factors affecting the quality of welded joints were established; – checklist. The form of the control sheet for registration of types of surface defects of butt welded joints were developed; – pareto Chart. The most common types of surface defects of butt welded joints were identified; the types of surface defects of butt welded joints, leading to the greatest losses were determined. ABC method – analysis of Pareto diagram of internal defects of welded joints. General conclusions on the results of their application were made.
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Glevitzky, Mirel, Ioana Glevitzky, Paul Mucea-Ștef, Maria Popa, Gabriela-Alina Dumitrel, and Mihaela Laura Vică. "Integrated Risk Framework (IRF)—Interconnection of the Ishikawa Diagram with the Enhanced HACCP System in Risk Assessment for the Sustainable Food Industry." Sustainability 17, no. 2 (2025): 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020536.
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This paper presents a new risk assessment methodology called the Integrated Risk Framework (IRF) through the application of Ishikawa diagrams combined with the enhanced Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. This risk investigation technique aims to ensure a significantly higher level of quality, safety, and sustainability in food products by using improved classical methods with strong intercorrelation capabilities. The methodology proposes expanding the typology of basic physical, chemical, and biological risks outlined by the ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System standard, adding other auxiliary risks such as allergens, fraud/sabotage, Kosher/Halal compliance, Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed notification, or additional specific risks such as irradiation, radioactivity, genetically modified organisms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, African swine fever, peste of small ruminants, etc. depending on the specific technological process or ingredients. Simultaneously, it identifies causes for each operation in the technological flow based on the 5M diagram: Man, Method, Material, Machine, and Environment. For each identified risk and cause, its impact was determined according to its severity and likelihood of occurrence. The final effect is defined as the risk class, calculated as the arithmetic mean of the impact derived at each process stage based on the identified risks and causes. Within the study, the methodology was applied to the spring water bottling process. This provided a new perspective on analyzing the risk factors during the bottling operations by concurrently using Ishikawa diagrams and HACCP principles throughout the product’s technological flow. The results of the study can form new methodologies aimed at enhancing sustainable food safety management strategy. In risk assessment using these two tools, the possibility of cumulative or synergistic effects is considered, resulting in better control of all factors that may affect the manufacturing process. This new perspective on studying the dynamics of risk factor analysis through the simultaneous use of the fishbone diagram and the classical HACCP system can be extrapolated and applied to any manufacturing process in the food industry and beyond.
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Verhoturova, E., and G. Ivaschenko. "Cause and Effect Diagram of the Problems of Geometric and Graphic Training of Students at a Technical University." Geometry & Graphics 10, no. 2 (2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2022-10-2-60-69.
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This article discusses the prospects for applying cause-and-effect analysis - the Ishikawa diagram for visualizing the problems of geometric-graphic training of students of a technical university. The structure of the study using the diagram included the implementation of successive stages. At the first stage, an exhaustive list of problems affecting the level of geometric and graphic training at the university was compiled. At the second stage of the cause-and-effect analysis, problems (factors) were systematized according to semantic sections (logical blocks): employees and the student (person, human factor), material and technical base and educational environment (equipment and other means to ensure the educational process); educational technologies and organization of the educational process, means and technologies for assessing learning outcomes. The next stage included systematization and ranking of problems within logical partitions. This made it possible to identify in a simple and accessible form the most significant factors in the emergence of the problem under study at three levels. The implementation of the last three stages made it possible to complete the study with obtaining the final structure of the factors of the problem of a low level of geometric and graphic training of students. The result of the study was a graphical interpretation of the results of the cause-and-effect analysis. Thus, the possibility of using the diagram to identify the most significant cause-factors that affect the level of mastering the disciplines of the graphic cycle by students, as well as a means of visualizing the cause-and-effect analysis, is shown.
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Rahmawati, Berty Dwi, and Nadia Nisya Budi Maharani. "Assessing Cause of Defect Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis." Spektrum Industri 21, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/si.v21i1.91.
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A company should implement good quality management to maintain consumer confidence in producing quality products. FMEA serves to identify product failures in a process and the causes of defects or losses that occur during the production process of a product, component, or system. The research aims to analyze quality control and identify production defects that cause a decrease in quality. The samples studied were rejected goods in production activities. Forty damaged parts were used as the samples in this study. This study used both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the type of rejection and then to rank the risk, while qualitative analysis was performed with Ishikawa diagram to evaluate risk priorities. This research not only helps identify and assess the root cause of rejected goods but also affects the following year's planning by proposing measures to reduce risk. Check sheets and histograms are used to present further research. The analysis results show two classifications of defects in production: size error and painting error, with the most dominant defect, size error, and equal to 73.17%. Based on the analysis of the causes of defects, several factors were found that caused product defects; man, material, method, machine. The man factor has the highest value in contributing to defect, with an RPN score of 192.
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Laraswati, Dewi, and Marlina Marlina. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi pelayanan Paket Pernikahan Pada Mindo Wedding Organizer." Indonesian Journal on Software Engineering (IJSE) 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/ijse.v5i1.6177.
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Abstract: Mindo Wedding Organizer is a business in the field of wedding and catering services that includes wedding planning consultations or other large events that serve catering, rental clothes and bridal makeup. In this study, researchers identified the problem using an Ishikawa diagram so that it was known the cause and effect of the existing problems. Next, the researchers propose a computerized system with the waterfall method. With Computerization System the problems that exist in this company, especially in terms of data processing can be resolved properly, and with a computerized system can be achieved an activity that is effective and efficient in supporting the activities of this company.
 
 Keywords: Wedding Package Services, Information Systems, Ishikawa, Waterfall
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Zach, Martin. "Applicable quality management tools in a production cycle of a selected company." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 1 (2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i1.3295.
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The paper deals with quality control in a Czech manufacturing company, especially at its quality department. The objective is to define the identified production failures, using selected quality management tools, and to determine the causes of technological problems. The following methods and tools were used: cause and effect analysis—Fishbone diagrams (Ishikawa diagrams); Pareto charts, flowcharts and others methods, whose results have been visually displayed. Based on a detail analysis of the production failures, the proposal to eliminate them as well as a draft implementation of the corrective action and its effect on enhancing quality in the production company are presented. The elements such as frequency of controls, adherence to regular inspections and replacement of filters in air conditioning units, cleaning and compliance with the work rules were monitored, as these elements have an impact on product quality and customer satisfaction. The implementation of the corrective actions and the related financial estimate are presented.
 
 Keywords: Quality, production process, quality management tools, quality management, implementation, Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, safety.
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Esha and Joachim Hausmann. "Material Characterization Required for Designing Satellites from Fiber-Reinforced Polymers." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 12 (2023): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120515.
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This review paper discusses the effect of polymers, especially thermoplastics, in environments with low earth orbits. Space weather in terms of low earth orbits has been characterized into seven main elements, namely microgravity, residual atmosphere, high vacuum, atomic oxygen, ultraviolet and ionization radiation, solar radiation, and space debris. Each element is discussed extensively. Its effect on polymers and composite materials has also been studied. Quantification of these effects can be evaluated by understanding the mechanisms of material degradation caused by each environmental factor along with its synergetic effect. Hence, the design elements to mitigate the material degradation can be identified. Finally, a cause-and-effect diagram (Ishikawa diagram) is designed to characterize the important design elements required to investigate while choosing a material for a satellite’s structure. This will help the designers to develop experimental methodologies to test the composite material for its suitability against the space environment. Some available testing facilities will be discussed. Some potential polymers will also be suggested for further evaluation.
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Malinowska, Ewa. "Using the Concept of the Weighted Ishikawa Diagram for Defining the Impact of Catering Enterprises on the Environment." Equilibrium 5, no. 2 (2010): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2010.033.
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Every organization uses the various resources to achieve its aim. Among them are those that are taken from the environment, for example, energy carriers, or water. As a result of organization’s activity, some pollution is emitted to the water and atmosphere. In Poland at the moment it is seen that there is high growth rate in services in the field of institutional food that is legally obliged by polish law to implement and maintain institutional food safety system (HACCP – Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points). The organizations that implement HACCP cause as well the environmental loads that have negative impact on environment. Concerning above mentioned issue, the article undertakes a study on the answer of the question, which environmental aspect closely connected with the maintenance of the HACCP system in an institutional food service unit, has the largest impact on the pollution of the environment. The weighted Cause and Effect Ishikawa Diagram is used as a research tool to achieve this target. Its modification that is presented in scientific literature, enables to display next to qualitative information also quantitative one. In accordance with this method “critical paths” are indicated to the most important causes that create given effect. As an effect in this article is defined – generating of environmental loads on the environment by institutional food service unit. While causes are defined as environmental aspects, characterize this organizational part of the unit that is covered by institutional food safety system. One of them is: water consumption, municipal wastes generation, energy carriers consumption: natural gas and electric energy, inorganic waste generation, cleaning supply measures consumption, the consumption of the office materials and exploitation materials to office equipment. The analysis of the quantity of particular factors that create environmental aspects show which environmental aspects have the largest impact on environment and cause its pollution. That are: water consumption, cleaning supply measures consumption and electric energy consumption.
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Suárez-Barraza, Manuel F., and Francisco G. Rodríguez-González. "Cornerstone root causes through the analysis of the Ishikawa diagram, is it possible to find them?" International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 11, no. 2 (2019): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-12-2017-0113.
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Purpose Some manufacturing and service organizations have made efforts to work on continuous improvement in the form of Kaizen, lean thinking, Six Sigma, etc. The elimination of problems and waste (MUDA for the Japanese) plays a fundamental role in the reduction of operational costs and quality rejections of finished products both internally in the organization and in the supply chain. Some of these efforts use quality control tools to remedy it. Kaoru Ishikawa proposes seven basic quality tools. In this group of quality tools is the cause-and-effect diagram (CED), also known as “The Fishbone” and “Ishikawa diagram”. Exploring this questioning can shed light on the first indications to ratify the arguments of Ishikawa and Deming, that the main problems of companies are found in their processes and perhaps, in a deep way, in some of these cornerstone root causes that have to do with the way organizations are managed. The purpose of this study is to investigate cornerstone root causes through the application of CEDs in 40 Mexican companies that began an effort to improve some of their organizational processes. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative study was conducted. As a research strategy, the case study method was applied. Using theoretical sampling, the Ishikawa diagrams of 40 companies were analyzed, and 24 semi-structured interviews in depth were conducted. Findings The results of this research confirm the main research question: Are there cornerstone root causes that give way to one or several problems or effects of problems in organizations regardless of their sector? In other words, there were at least seven typical patterns that show the first signs of cornerstones root causes in organizations. Research limitations/implications The method itself is a limitation; 40 case studies are not enough to generalize the results. In addition, the research was conducted only in a single Latin American country; in some cities of Mexico. However, 60 per cent of these companies are multinationals. Practical implications This paper is fundamental to delve into the cornerstones causes that give rise to the problems of organizations of the twenty-first century. The authors understand that these are the first indications, and that they cannot be considered a conclusion of these causes. However, this first theoretical sampling presents a first light on the subject. Originality/value The study contributes to the limited existing literature on total quality management and Kaizen in quality control tools and subsequently disseminates this information to provide impetus, guidance and support toward improving the problems of the organizations of twenty-first century.
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Ivanov, Sergey. "Сompany’s sales simulation based on the use of SWOT analysis and Ishikawa charts". SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196504018.
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Marketing research at an enterprise is carried out by marketing units in order to determine a possible increase in the marketing activity of the enterprise. To identify the strengths and weaknesses of the sales management of the enterprise, the SWOT-analysis method was applied. A matrix of SWOT analysis of company’s sales activity was built, which forms squares in the form of a combination of the following factors: “Strengths-Opportunities” (SO), “Strengths-Threats” (ST), “Weaknesses-Possibilities” (WO), “Weaknesses-Threats” (WT). The most significant intersections of the SWOT matrix factors of the analysis were analyzed, and it was proposed to use four types of strategies on their basis. To formalize cause-and-effect relations Ishikawa diagram was used.
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Pratama, Gilang. "Cryptocurrency-Based Financial Science Strategy In World Influence Using Causal Diagram And Machine Learning." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 4, no. 6 (2023): 1183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems2086.
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Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that can be used for transaction on an international scale and as an investment. The potential provided by cryptocurrency in the development of the digital economy in the world has become a special attraction for individuals, organizations, and government. Blockchain system that underlies cryptocurrencies has worked flawlessly in both the financial and non-financial worlds. This study uses Basic Risk Management Ishikawa Diagram and evaluated by ARIMA predictive algorithm in determining cause and effect of the development of cryptocurrencies. It was found that the development of cryptocurrency is very influential by the state of the world, especially countries that have great influence such as USA. USA inflation have a big influence, and the model can be used as a basis for a country's government in observing.
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Hidayat, Taufik, and Asep Saefulloh. "Perawatan Carryroller Belt Conveyor C101 pada mesin Incinerator dengan Metode Fishbone Diagram di PT Fajar Surya Wisesa,Tbk." JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 3, no. 1 (2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37366/jutin0301.4752.
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Machinery is a very important sector in the production process in every company. Machine maintenance is a very important activity, so the interval of component replacement and machine maintenance must be scheduled more intelligently. incinerators as a tool to destroy waste and use the heat arising from the combustion of waste to be converted to steam production, where the steam is reused for the production process of making wrapping paper. And the Incinerator component is a conveyor belt used for the process of transferring the waste to be incinerated. The Ishikawa diagram or known as the fish bone diagram is one of the Seven Quality Tools methods used to find the cause of a problem. This method divides the problem into cause and effect which consists of several factors: machine, management, materials, manpower, environment, measurement, method. The result of this study is that there are factors that cause damage or stuck on the carry roller belt conveyor C101 there are 4 points including: a. Material (life time of material carrier rollers), b. Machine (excess load causing shaft damage), c. environment (environmental conditions and weather factors), d. Human (Lack of knowledge about conveyor belts).
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Panchenko, V., O. Onоprieynko, and V. Fedorenko. "DETERMINATION OF THE APPLICATION FACTORS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD GROUP OF UKRAINE REGARDING ENSURING STATE SECURITY DURING THE ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE DESTRUCTION OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO THE ISIKAVA DIAGRAM." STATE SECURITY 2, no. 2 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2786-8613/2023/2/2/290074.
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The article identifies the factors that affect the performance of tasks by the National Guard of Ukraine in the event of the introduction of a state of emergency caused by the man-made or natural situation associated with the destruction of a hydraulic structure according to the Ishikawa diagram. Cause-and-effect relationships have been established that affect the effectiveness of tasks performed by the National Guard of Ukraine group in the specified situation. The Isikava diagram was compiled on the basis of a survey of respondents who expressed their conclusions about the factors of possible influence on the use of the National Guard of Ukraine group during the destruction of a hydraulic structure. Groups of factors were determined by semantic and cause-and-effect blocks, an expert assessment was conducted regarding the quantitative indicators that formalize the factors and assigned ranks of influence of each of the factors. The determination of the factors showed that the priority direction for improving the effectiveness of the National Guard of Ukraine grouping is the improvement of the factors of the management group and personnel. In the future, the set of identified factors will make it possible to determine the effectiveness of the use of the National Guard of Ukraine group during the liquidation of the consequences of the destruction of the hydraulic structure.
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Дьяков, С. А., and С. А. Бирюков. "Risk management methodology and application of a project approach for small and medium-sized construction organizations." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(123) (November 15, 2020): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.123.10.133.
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В статье рассматривается теоретические основы управления рисками. Дана предметная классификации трех основных признака рисков с делением на виды, а также представлена классификация рисков для малых и средних строительных организаций. В работе представлены основные инструменты и методы идентификации рисков такие как: метод мозгового штурма, метод Делфи, причинно-следственный метод (диаграмма Ишикавы), иерархическая структура рисков, метод ментальных карт. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of risk management. Subject classification ofthree main signs of risks with division into types is given, as well as a classification of risks for small and medium-sized construction organizations. The paper presents the main tools and methods for identifying risks, such as: the brainstorming method, the Delphi method, the cause-and-effect method (Ishikawa diagram), the hierarchicalstructure of risks, the method of mental maps.
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Ismail, Azimah, Saiful Bahri Mohamed, Hafizan Juahir, et al. "DMAIC Six Sigma Methodology in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Oil Classification." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16868.
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This research focuses on the use of the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) as a Six Sigma approach in studying oil spill fingerprint of samples recovered from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah (East Malaysia). The DMAIC approach in this study was used as a way to classify oil types based on data obtained from GC-FID and GC-MS measurements. The cause-effect diagram was used to define the factors leading to the failure of the oil spill fingerprinting based on inaccurate oil type clustering. Discriminant Analysis (DA) was also applied to quantify the root-cause of the failure. An Ishikawa diagram obtained in the analysis phase identifies the potential failure causal. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and was successful in discriminating four clusters of oil types, namely diesel, heavy fuel oil (HFO), mixture oil lube and fuel oil (MOLFO) and waste oil (WO) with a total variance of 85.3%. In the control phase, the use of a Pareto chart indicated 100% cumulative percentage of oil type clustering with a 95% confidence level. The DMAIC approach to be effective in solving oil spill fingerprinting problems and results in quality improvement in the clustering of oil spills into the different hydrocarbon types.
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Lomazov, Alexander V., Vadim A. Lonazov, Dmitriy N. Klyosov, Irina V. Miroshnichenko, and Nikolay P. Zuev. "Fuzzy rule-based classification of complex biogas energy projects." E3S Web of Conferences 510 (2024): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451004006.
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The work is devoted to the problems analyzing the effectiveness of projects in the field of biogas energy. The purpose of the work is to build an intellectual toolkit for classifying innovative bioenergy projects. To form a variety of classification characteristics, it is proposed to use the Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram, which makes it possible to systematize the factors influencing the features of the project. The specifics of biogas technologies, associated with the possibility of generating not only electrical but thermal energy, as well as waste disposal and the production of organic fertilizers, are taken into account by introducing an additional group of factors reflecting the need for these types of products. Expert technologies for assessing factors led to the use of the methodology of fuzzy analysis. The constructed classification procedure is based on a system of fuzzy production rules that reflect the cause-and-effect relationships of the subject area.The developed tools make it possible to reduce the labor intensity of comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative bioenergy projects by identifying the class of compared projects.
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Denisova, Taya, Irina Prosvirina, and Arslan Yusupov. "AUTOMATION OF DOCUMENT FLOW IN THE LEAN PRODUCTION TOOL SYSTEM." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 17, no. 3 (2023): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em230303.
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The article discusses the automation of document flow in companies as one of the lean manufacturing tools. Lean manufacturing involves the involvement of each employee in the optimization process and maximum customer focus. This facilitates problem analysis and selection of solutions for business processes. Problems arising in the process of document flow at enterprises were analyzed using a tool such as the Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram using the example of large enterprises (in particular TMK Group and Sinara). In addition, to streamline the document flow process, another management tool was considered from a lean manufacturing perspective – a value stream map, the result of which was a current state map and a target state map. An analysis of electronic document management systems was carried out, the most optimal for use in a group of companies.
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Simanjuntak, Rexon Harris, and Isdaryanto Isdaryanto. "Pressurization System on Aircraft Boeing 737-300F, Aircraft MSN: 28567 During Flight Hanoi to Bangkok: Problem Solving and Root Cause Analysis." Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 3, no. 3 (2022): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2022.3.3.7.
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The aircraft, with type Boeing 737-300 freighter, Serial Number: 28567, Flight number: TMG-918, with a flight route from Hanoi International (HAN) to Bangkok International airport (BKK) on the date of 12 April 2021, with a take-off time of 22.00 UTC and landing time 22.25 UTC, is operated by PT XYX Airlines on a non-schedule flight. After taking off from Hanoi to Bangkok (HAN – BKK), with an altitude of nearly 10.000 ft flight level, the aircraft got a problem with the pressurization system in auto mode (auto system), and the cabin altitude indicator was shown 10.000 ft; cabin rate altitude indication at 2000 – 300 ft/minute (in normal rate 200 – 300 ft/minute). The pilot was unable to control the pressurization system in the auto system; in this condition, the Pilot followed the procedure for selecting the pressurization system from auto mode to manual mode, and after that, the cabin altitude indicator suddenly was shown fluctuated or became unstable. After the pressurization system operates in Manual mode and all conditions control by the flight crew, the captain makes the decision to aircraft return to base (RTB) flight back to Hanoi International airport (HAN) and land safely at 22.25 UTC. The author wants to analyse the root cause of the pressurization system problem by using several methods, as per 5 whys, fishbone diagrams, and fault tree analysis. Then the author compares the root cause results of each method to take corrective and preventive actions to solve the problems. All these cases were in Reference to SDR Report Control Number: 012/SDR-YGH/TMG/IV/2021. The report submitted by PT.Tri M.G. Intra Asia Airlines on 12 April 2021 and the Flight Log Manual (FML) Page No: 03232, dated 12 April 2021. The purpose of this research is to identify the problem and determine the root cause of the problem's inability to control the pressurization system and make a plan for corrective action and preventive action; then, the team will implement the corrective action and preventive action. Quality Division will check and monitor the effectiveness of corrective and preventive action in three months. After that, the team & Quality Division create the procedure and policy for the company standard. The author and team used the methodology 5 why (cause and effect diagram), Fishbone diagram (Ishikawa Diagram), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and from each method will be found the root cause analysis. Then the author combines all root cause analyses to identify the problem and create problem-solving. The main result of this research was that the company was able to determine and implement the corrective action and preventive action for the uncontrollable problem pressurization system. The problem of the pressurization system that cannot be controlled causes the aircraft to return to base or cancel a flight to be expected not to happen again in all aircraft operated by PT. XYX company in the future.
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Skřehot, Petr A., Martin Bílek, Pavel Beneš, et al. "Risk Assessment of Potential Injury during School Chemical Experiments Supported by the Database of Safe and Didactically Validated Procedures e-BEDOX." Chemické listy 118, no. 1 (2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20240035.
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Considering the importance of the use of experiment as a source of knowledge in chemistry and its teaching, it is necessary to pay attention to the risks of its implementation. The text presents the procedures and results of a risk assessment of 101 selected school chemical experiments that are used in lower secondary school practice, including their inclusion in textbooks, as well as in leisure activities. The actual risk assessment of these chemical experiments has been carried out using the Ishikawa diagram, also known as the cause and effect diagram, in order to highlight the possible hazards involved in their conduct. In relation to the identified risks, the existing instructions for all selected experiments were evaluated and new information and safety instructions were added to meet the requirements for safe and didactically validated procedures according to standard CSN 01 8003. As the processed experiments contain chemicals of virtually all hazard classes, it is very important that all real risks are taken into account when using them in schools. The entire set of produced materials, including the original video recordings, has been processed into an electronic database e‑BEDOX, which is available at: https://ebedox.cz.
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Labanauskis, Rimvydas, and Romualdas Ginevičius. "Role of stakeholders leading to development of higher education services." Engineering Management in Production and Services 9, no. 3 (2017): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2017-0026.
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Abstract In this article, a higher education institution (HEI) is analysed as an organisation performing under change conditions. In this context, needs and expectations of a wide range of university stakeholders are analysed. The aim of this article is to indicate the roles of stakeholders leading to the development of an HEI. Although Ishikawa’s cause-and-effect diagram is used when identifying possible causes of a problem, it can also be seen as a method that allows splitting the subject into separate parts, which are causally interrelated. During the research of the activity fields of the HEI and the boundaries related to its surrounding groups, the connections between different groups, their interests and expectations towards the activities of the HEI were determined. The article is prepared using the theoretical-analytical approach. It contains the analysis of the literature on HEI stakeholders, quality management systems and issues concerning the organisational development. The conclusions include insights and suggestions for further research on the ways an HEI can correspond to the needs of stakeholders.
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Bondarets, Inna, Lyudmila Sidorenko, Olga Antonenko, Serhii Lebed, and Victoriya Georgiyants. "An approach to the technological process validation of manufacturing medical devices using the example of injectable implants based on hyaluronic acid." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 6(52) (December 30, 2024): 111–23. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2024.319456.
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The aim. Technological process validation of manufacturing medical devices is a necessary condition for confirming the ability to continuously produce high-quality medical devices, reduce or eliminate the number of defects, improve the level of product quality, and is also one of the main requirements for product certification on the European Union market. Given the wide variety of medical device types (from patches to pre-filled syringes), unlike medicinal products, the validation procedure for medical devices does not have clear recommendations and guidelines. Materials and methods. The subject of this article is the determination of the approach to the technological process validation of manufacturing medical devices using the example of injectable implants based on cross-linking hyaluronic acid, based on the experience of batch production of the specified type of products on an industrial scale and the regulatory requirements of Ukraine and the European Union. Results. The article presents information about the nature of hyaluronic acid, its structure, sources and methods of production, and the scope of application. Determination of critical points of the technological process was carried out by the method of risk assessment using the approach of forming the Ishikawa diagram, i.e. "analysis of cause-and-effect relationships ". The main stages of the analysis of causal relationships are the following: – determination of the process that is subject to analysis (obtaining high-quality finished products) and sub-processes that have an impact on the final result; – determination of the main categories of impact on the process, displayed by blocks on the Ishikawa diagram. The result of such an analysis is displayed in the form of the above-mentioned diagram Ishikawa ("fishbone"). Sub-processes that have the main influence on it were determined. These elements are the critical points that will be subject to validation. The impact of each of these elements, their key parameters and permissible operating ranges are described in the article. Conclusions. The sub-processes that have the main impact on the technological process of manufacturing the medical device are identified. These elements are critical points that are subject to validation. The article describes the impact of each of these elements, their main parameters and permissible operating ranges, and also presents the validation process and confirmation of the validity of the corresponding technology
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Pamuji, Muhamad Wahyu, Eko Hari Purnomo, and Azis Boing Sitanggang. "Industrial Practice for Reducing Defective Sterile Milk Products Produced Using Overpressure Rotary Retorts." International Journal of Food Studies 10, no. 1 (2021): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7455/ijfs/10.1.2021.a8.
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Indonesian consumers are fond of commercially sterilized milk as indicated by increasing product sales. High demand for products intensifies the need to increase productivity, generally achieved by minimizing product defects. This study aimed to reduce the number of defects in commercially sterilized milk produced using overpressure rotary retorts. Based on Pareto analysis, the percentage of defective products was 5.14% of which 2.37% were dented bottles. A cause-effect diagram (Ishikawa Diagram) was used to find the root cause of dented bottles. The pressure difference between the retort chamber (external pressure) and inside the product packaging (internal pressure), and the number of bottles stacked inside the retort basket (bottle density) were found as major factors for causing dented bottles. The internal pressure was 1.20 bar higher than the external pressure. By reducing the pressure difference to 0.40 bar, the percentage of dented bottles could be reduced to 0.79%. Applying the low-est bottle density (73% of the retort basket area occupied by bottles) during the sterilization process could decrease the number of dented bottles, however, it also increased the appearance of striped lids. The best conditions for sterilization (pressure difference = 0.40 bar; number of bottles/basket = 1938 bottles) which were used in the three-month full-scale production trial reduced the percentage of defective products from 5.14% to 2.24% of which 0.76% were dented bottles. Setting the retort pressure at 2.80 bar could avoid 52,920 defective bottles of commercially sterilized products per month.
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Poder, Thomas G., and Serge Maltais. "Systemic analysis of medication administration omission errors in a tertiary-care hospital in Quebec." Health Information Management Journal 49, no. 2-3 (2018): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1833358318781099.
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Objective: Medication administration omission errors (MAOEs) occur frequently in hospitals and can significantly affect patient health. An interdisciplinary committee was formed in summer 2012 to analyse incident/accident reports (AH-223-1 forms) of MAOEs for the 2011–2012 fiscal year in order to identify contributing factors and to propose preventive solutions. Special attention was paid to events with consequences for patients. Method: An aggregate data analysis involving four major steps was conducted: sampling, categorisation, identification of contributing factors, and seeking preventive solutions. One hundred omissions were randomly selected from the 889 reported for this period. All omissions categorised as having had consequences for patients were then added, making a final total of 145 omissions. The omissions were categorised using an Ishikawa diagram developed from an exploratory literature review and process mapping. Subsequent to failure modes, effects and criticality analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams were constructed with the main prioritised categories to differentiate the proximal causes from the root causes. Brainstorming was used to develop solutions, which were then prioritised with an impact/effort matrix. Results: This study identified 27 categories of MAOEs, of which the 7 most frequent and the most critical accounted for 79.3% of the reports. The event categories, in decreasing order of importance, were related to intravenous (IV) therapy (29.0%), failure in using the medication administration record (MAR; 23.4%), failure in creating/updating the MAR (10.3%), medications on the patient’s bedside (7.6%), and three types of MAOEs related to transcribing prescriptions (9.0%). Conclusion: The interdisciplinary committee formulated 10 main recommendations related to these 7 categories, including 3 for IV therapy and 4 for failure in using or creating/updating the MAR.
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Alarcón, Francisco J., Mónica Calero, María Ángeles Martín-Lara, and Salvador Pérez-Huertas. "An Integrated Lean and Six Sigma Framework for Improving Productivity Performance: A Case Study in a Spanish Chemicals Manufacturer." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 10894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142310894.
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In the pursuit of operational excellence and enhanced competitiveness, a wide range of industries have turned to methodologies such as Lean and Six Sigma; however, in the chemical sector, their application is very limited. This paper presents a Lean Six Sigma framework to identify and reduce sources of variability occurring in the final product composition of a Spanish SME fertilizer manufacturer. The company faced important challenges related to product variability, adversely affecting overall productivity. A real-life case of the Lean Six Sigma implementation was conducted over two years, and its applicability and ability to improve productivity performance were thoroughly assessed. The proposed framework successfully integrated Lean and Six Sigma methodologies, i.e., process mapping (value stream mapping), root cause analysis (Ishikawa cause–effect diagram), project management (SIPOC and DMAIC), and statistical process control, and demonstrated practical benefits for the case company by identifying the key variables affecting product variability and determining their optimal levels. A substantial 50% reduction in the variability of several products and a 42% reduction in material preparation time were achieved. These reductions resulted in a 40% reduction in costs associated with product losses and a 54% reduction in costs from raw material losses.
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Кузнецова, Екатерина, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Любовь Морозова, Lyubov Morozova, Ирина Трусевич, and Iryna Trusevich. "On research into the interdependence between service quality indices and a hotel’s business processes." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 3 (2014): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4101.
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The article covers the major technical and human factors (indices) determining hotel guest satisfaction, and proposes a questionnaire model. An analysis of the models of service quality and guest satisfaction assessment, a number of service quality assessment models employed by international hotel networks, and the Cause and Effect diagram developed by Ishikawa lead the authors to relate guest-satisfaction-determining factors to the hotel’s individual business processes. The authors have developed a Guest Questionnaire designed to reveal a guest’s evaluation of the “significance” and “perceived quality” of service provision for each of the factors identified. The authors also rely on Noriaki Kano’s model, which is widely used in managerial decision-making on issues concerning business-process improvement, to develop a methodology for hotel service factor significance evaluation. The hotel service factors most affecting guest satisfaction are grouped by the authors into (1) quantitative, (2), compulsory, (3) surprise, (4) neutral, and (5) reverse. According to the authors, when making decisions on business-process improvement, managers should take into account the processes related to qualitative and compulsory hotel service factors.
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Mouhoubi, Nedjima, and Souad Boudemagh. "A study on the causes of the failure to implement the Constantine metropolis urban project." Spatium, no. 41 (2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1941052m.
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This paper explores the reasons why the implementation of the Constantine urban project failed, with a focus on management processes, using the cause and effect method. Pioneering urban projects in Algeria have been very difficult to implement. Our findings reflect enduring dilemmas concerning project management that is not backed by consistent political support, based on the case of the Constantine urban project. Data were collected using a number of tools including active observation, content analysis of project documents, two surveys intended for the project administration and Constantine?s residents, and interviews with elected representatives and professionals directly involved in the project?s development. Using a causes tree and an Ishikawa diagram in the data analysis, we identify the factors that have affected the implementation of the Constantine urban project. The findings of this research demonstrate that the factors with the greatest influence on the project fall within the areas of project management, stakeholder management, policy support, the democratic participatory process and regulation. These factors are the reason for the critical failure of the urban project in Constantine.
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Mitrofanova, S. A., E. M. Mitrofanov, V. N. Karminov, and S. I. Chumachenko. "Updating of a method for measuring tree trunk diameter based on robust design." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika 74, no. 3 (2025): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.32446/10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-3-23-32.
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The issues of developing urbanized territories in terms of managing the city's green fund are examined. The effectiveness of green fund management depends on the reliability of measurement data on dendrometric tree parameters, including tree trunk diameter. Municipal regulatory legal acts on the establishment, maintenance, and protection of green spaces set requirements for the accuracy of tree trunk diameter measurements. Modern methods and instruments for measuring tree trunk diameter, used in monitoring and inventorying urban green spaces, are analyzed. Current methods for measuring are inefficient due to the wide variety of tree species (including unique ones) and the need to account for numerous factors affecting the growth of each tree. The advantages of using a mobile laser scanner for measuring tree trunk diameter based on its three-dimensional measurement model are discussed. The main sources of measurement error in determining tree trunk diameter in urban green spaces using the Zeb-Horizon laser scanner are described. To update the method for measuring tree trunk diameter with the Zeb-Horizon mobile laser scanner during green space inventories, robust design is proposed. An Ishikawa diagram was constructed to summarize and visually interpret the cause-and-effect relationships among error sources. Using the Ishikawa diagram, key sources influencing measurement error that need to be evaluated experimentally were identified: “Track type”, “Distance between adjacent passes”, “Convergence”, and “Rigidity”. The results of robust design were presented in the context of updating the method for measuring tree trunk diameter using the Zeb-Horizon laser scanner. Optimal conditions for geodetic survey of urban green spaces were formulated: the track type should align with “Road and trail network” or “Converging spiral”, the distance between two adjacent passes should be 4–20 m; the maximum value of the “Convergence” parameter when processing primary data using specialized software 4–5 units; the value of the “Rigidity” parameter based on information about the presence of undergrowth and shrub vegetation in the area 0–5 units. The draft of method for measuring formulates procedures for preparing and conducting tree trunk diameter measurements during green space inventory.
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Et. al., Mostafa Naif Jameel ,. "Designing effective training programs according to the needs of human resources (Case Study in the General Directorate of Municipalities(." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 4 (2021): 181–361. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i4.4545.
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The research aims to study and analyze the possibility of designing effective training programs according to the human resource needs of the General Municipalities Directorate, and to demonstrate the availability of the requirements of the scientific method of training by measuring the level of the gap between the actual reality of a training activity in the directorate and the checklist. The research problem is determined by the fact that the researched organization is a service agency that has direct contact with the citizen’s life. It needs individuals with distinguished knowledge and skills to work for it, as well as the need to improve, develop and develop the capabilities of these individuals working for it.
 The five-scale check list was used for the purpose of collecting data to identify the level of actual application within the research community, and to identify the main and secondary causes of the gap, using the cause and effect diagram (Ishikawa diagram).
 The results of the analysis showed that there is a gap in training requirements with regard to designing training programs, and a number of conclusions were reached, the most prominent of which was a weakness in the training activity, especially with regard to designing training programs. As for the recommendations, the most prominent of which are the adoption of the scientific method in training and the design of effective training programs that meet the needs and aspirations of human resources.
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Kasyk, Lech, Anna Eliza Wolnowska, Krzysztof Pleskacz, and Tomasz Kapuściński. "The Analysis of Social and Situational Systems as Components of Human Errors Resulting in Navigational Accidents." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (2023): 6780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116780.
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As in any industry exposed to risk, human and organizational factors are the main stakes of maritime safety. Understanding the causes and risks of maritime accidents is integral to the sustainability of shipping. The investigation of marine accidents is a crucial tool for their identification in areas related to operations and ships, including social and situational systems, their design, and technical systems. The authors conducted a cause–effect analysis of marine incidents. For this purpose, case-by-case analysis and an Ishikawa diagram were used, which is a tool that helps identify actual or potential causes of accidents. The study showed that by far the most significant cross-section of causes of accidents were elements of social and situational systems that affect the safety of the ship, crew, and environment. The least significant contribution came from the machinery area. Through the detailed descriptions, a picture emerges not so much of a lack of knowledge of the regulations as of a failure to comply with existing procedures or best practices. In the authors’ opinion, more emphasis is needed on preventive measures, including safety culture, training, competence assessment, and increased awareness of the need for sustainability.
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Dyshlyuk, B. A. "Criteria for selecting new fields of company activity within development of a corporate strategy." Economics and Management 31, no. 3 (2025): 359–71. https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2025-3-359-371.
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Aim. The study is aimed at studying approaches to selecting new fields of company activity when updating a corporate strategy, as well as identifying key criteria for decision-making. Objectives. The work seeks to determine the goals of selecting new fields; identify factors influencing the achievement of goals; develop an algorithm for creating the selection criteria; assess the significance of factors. Methods. The work employed expert and questionnaire surveys (14 specialists and 20 managers), Ishikawa diagram for analyzing cause-and-effect relationships, as well as methods of weighting coefficients and contextual analysis. Results. The author identified three goals, in particular, increasing profits, increasing the value of the company and manageability. Key factors were identified as synergy between fields, consumer groups with high growth potential, industries with high profit potential. As well as an algorithm for selecting fields based on the significance of factors was developed. The most significant factors include synergy and focus on consumers with growing demand. Conclusions. The study confirmed the importance of synergy and focus on high-potential consumers. It is recommended to take these factors into account to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning.
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Dydykin, A. S., Yu N. Zubarev, E. I. Logunova, and Yu A. Kuzlyakina. "Risk assessment in production of functional food products by means of RCA method." Food systems 7, no. 2 (2024): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-2-288-297.
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According to the results of review of the regulatory legal acts and standardization documents, the necessity has been determined to develop a methodology for risk assessment in production of functional food products and its introduction into operation for implementation of the quality control system of food products fortified with iodine. This article represents the description of development of risk assessment methodology assigned for assessing the quality control system for functional foods fortified with iodine. The hazardous event in this case is the non-compliance of the food product with the regulatory requirements, in particular the decrease of iodine content in the functional foods down to a level below 30 mcg/100g of the product, which is less than 15% of an adult person's daily requirement. To assess the probable risks that can affect the peculiar features of the functional foods, RCA root cause mapping system was proposed that includes the standard methods: Ishikawa cause and effect diagram, fault tree analysis FTA, failure mode and effect analysis FMEA, and Pareto analysis. The technology of producing of the cooked sausages fortified with iodine-containing food ingredients was chosen as the object of research, as this technology is associated with a wide variety of technological modes and methods of raw materials processing, as well as the storage conditions of the ready products. The results of the study included a review of the collected data, consideration of the hypothesis, expert opinion on the most probable root causes of failures and losses, and the recommended preventive and corrective actions.
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Kovtun, S. "Expansion of the Range of Refrigeration of the Surface Heat Flow Unit Under Conductive Energy Produce." Metrology and instruments, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2018.27-32.
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The article presents the results of investigations of factors that influence the accuracy of reproduction of the unit of measurement of the surface density of the heat flow by conductivity. Components of the uncertainty of the surface heat flux density measurement were analyzed using the Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram, as shown in Fig. 1
 The mathematical model of the method of reproduction of the unit of measurement was obtained, which takes into account the influence of the sources of uncertainty by making the corresponding corrections. The possibility of extending the lower boundary of the dynamic range by the correction of the factors having the greatest influence is substantiated. The rationale is based on the estimation of the uncertainty of the individual components, which, in the course of the correction of their impact, should not exceed the values (achieved to date).
 As an example, the calculation of the total uncertainty in the reproduction of the heat flux density of 20 W·m-2 is given. Table 1 contains all data important for the uncertainty analysis such as input quantities, their estimated values as well as the associated sensitivity coefficients and the variances determined.
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SHMANEV, Timofey M., Victoria I. A. ULYANITSKAY, Marina S. PUKHOVA, Pavel S. PANOV, and Alexey Yu SITNIKOV. "Conditions for compliance with the requirements for ensuring the accessibility of transport facilities of Russian Railways through interim solutions and the adoption of compensatory measures to serve people with limited mobility, including people with disabilities." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 18, no. 3 (2021): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-3-340-352.
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Objective: Formation of an effective mechanism for the creation or gradual redistribution of resources to ensure a universal barrier-free environment not only among disabled people (of all categories), but among representatives of people with limited mobility (PLM), through interim solutions and the adoption of compensatory programs (measures). Based on finding the optimal balance of costs and benefits, in cases of lack of technical or material capabilities associated with improving the development or design of an accessible environment. Methods: The main tools of analysis and management are used: Pareto diagram, cause-effect diagram (Ishikawa), goal setting, structuring, dynamic changes, etc. Results: A variant of the mechanism for the implementation of the step-by-step creation of a universal barrier- free environment is presented not only among disabled people (of all categories), but among PLM. It has been established that if the existing infrastructure facilities of the passenger complex, before their reconstruction or overhaul, cannot be fully adapted to the needs of disabled people, then the introduction of a comprehensive program (roadmap), compensating measures, interim solutions allows minimizing or eliminating the company’s costs. Practical importance: On the example of the obtained algorithm (sequence) of organizing the process to ensure the accessibility of the environment of the passenger complex of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, the principle of phased implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on Russian Railways, which is universal, is shown. Formalized solutions should help improve the quality of service, reduce costs and increase customer focus on the Russian Railways network.
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Arsić, Dušan, Ružica R. Nikolić, Aleksandra Arsić, Dragan Cvetković, Jana Pastorková, and Otakar Bokuvka. "Measures to prevent damage and to extent the service life of a rotary excavator." Production Engineering Archives 31, no. 1 (2025): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2025.31.7.
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Abstract The rotary excavator is a complex machine system, the main part of the ECS (excavator-conveyer-spreader) system, used in open-pit mining. Such a machine’s service life can last for decades, it generally operates in the harsh exploitation conditions, which requires that its vital structures must be continuously controlled and well maintained. Damage or fracture of parts or assemblies of a rotary excavator can be caused by influence of various manufacturing, construction, exploitation conditions or environmental factors. Analysis of those eventual failures can be performed by various methods, out of which the most suitable are the failure analysis methods, for example the fault-tree analysis (FTA), the Ishikawa fishbone (cause-and-effect) diagrams or the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). In this article are presented results of the fault tree analysis of possible causes of rotary excavator’s parts, as well as measures to prevent their damages and/or fractures and to extend the service life of an excavator as a whole. The model of the organizational system for the rotary excavator’s maintenance is given, as well.
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Olena, Monchenko, Kutniak Yelyzaveta, Martyniuk Hanna, and Marchenko Nadiia. "DEVELOPMENT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ACOUSTIC SIGNALS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A UNIVERSAL LEAK DETECTION METHOD." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 5 (104) (2020): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.201110.
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A universal mathematical model of a noise signal in pipeline systems from the point of its origin to the observation point was presented. Due to the indicator function introduced into it, the model makes it possible to use different types of components and perform appropriate actions depending on the task, and the indicator function in some cases will be zero. The developed model advantage consists in that it is universal for the leak detection methods which use two signal receivers regardless of their physical nature. This model was implemented in the study on an example of a method of acoustic leakage detection, which uses the inter-correlation function. A block diagram of an acoustic system for detecting leakage location, its main blocks, and their parameters were presented. To test the working capacity of the mathematical model, a computer measuring experiment was conducted in the MATLAB software system. The algorithm of the computer experiment with indicator function was presented and the results of detecting leakage location according to the corresponding sample were given. A universal formula for calculating coordinates of the fluid leakage location both along the axis of the pipeline and the pipeline circumference was presented. This formula features accounting of the distance from the transducer to the possible leakage location and the sample number. This formula serves a universal model of the noise signal and confirms the results of the computer experiment. As a result of the experiment, dependences of the values of the fluid leakage location on the sample number and the distance to the receiver of the acoustic noise signal were obtained. To test the model adequacy, a diagram of influential factors was constructed in a form of Ishikawa diagram. The diagram shows the cause-and-effect relationships that affect the computer experiment built on the proposed mathematical model of acoustic signals to implement the universal method of leak detection. Adequacy of the proposed universal model was verified and confirmed by statistical methods. The results obtained can be used in technical diagnostics of pipelines and for reducing costs of repair and restoration of technological systems by identifying breakdown sites
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Osypov, Valentyn. "TO THE PROBLEM OF DECISION-MAKING ON TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT." Spatial development, no. 8 (June 28, 2024): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2024.8.338-347.
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The work is devoted to the issue of studying and using different methods of decision-making, adapting them to the field of road safety. The vehicle driver management process integrates the driver, the vehicle, the road and the environment into a system in which all links are interconnected and have direct and inverse dependencies. Therefore, decision-making based on multiple facts allows specialists to investigate cause-and-effect processes. When writing the work, the research of domestic and foreign authors was studied. The purpose of the publication is to make an adequate decision in the management of traffic safety based on a number of variables. It was concluded that practical work on this type of classification from the point of view of B-A-D-C, firstly, makes it possible to outline the possibilities of risk management, and secondly, to deal comprehensively with risks united in groups. It is very important to define the entire range of risks in order to understand that all aspects affecting traffic safety are taken into account. The Ishikawa diagram constructed within the framework of the work provides an opportunity to identify key relationships between various factors and to more accurately understand the researched process. The diagram helps to identify the main factors that make the most significant contribution to the problem under consideration and to prevent or eliminate their effect. Therefore, the construction of a traffic safety management scheme provides an opportunity to identify potential factors, the action of which causes a joint effect. Uncertainty can also arise due to the uncertainty of the goal (this leads to problems with many criteria), as well as in multi-person decision-making problems. In the case of active opposition in some situations or active support in others, uncertainty is modeled by methods of game theory. Accounting for physical uncertainty can be complicated by the emergence of linguistic uncertainty in the description of the probability distribution. In other words, these types of uncertainty can be superimposed on each other.
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L. Zapico, Florence, and Hazel M. Aguilar. "Toward an Integrated Social-ecological Assessment of a Traditional Upland Rice-based Agroecosystem in Southern Philippines." European Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 4 (2024): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2024.v13n4p98.
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Located in Southern Philippines, the Sarangani traditional agroecosystem currently sits at the nexus of ecological devastation, bio-cultural erosion, and pervasive modernization. Upland farms in these remote areas are inhabited predominantly by smallholder tribal households who cultivate rice landraces using traditional farming methods. Integrated agroecosystem assessment revealed Sarangani social-ecological system (SES) components, along with connections and feedback loops that underlie their interactions. DPSIR and CCA jointly identified drivers of change in Sarangani SES, revealed its key features, and investigated the whole gamut of issues impacting it. CCA, based on an Ishikawa cause and effect diagram, identified upland poverty, tribal culture and government mismanagement as root causes of intractable problems in the Sarangani SES while DPSIR successfully gauged the suitability of responses instituted by the local government. Study results can thus be used as bases for policy/programs that will resolve problem root causes in the Sarangani SES. In addition, steps must be undertaken to mitigate the effects of climate change which has proven to be utterly devastating in these vulnerable areas. Finally, for traditional agroecosystems like the Sarangani SES, interventions that uphold human well-being while conserving tribal culture/resources and preserving the environment are therefore warranted. Keywords: social-ecological systems, DPSIR, causal chain analysis, Sarangani, traditional agroecosystem
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SHMANYOV, Timofey M., Victoria I. ULYANITSKAYA, and Marina S. PUKHOVA. "Improving the Oktyabrskaya Railway passenger complex performance with a decision-making algorithm using analytical quality tools." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 2 (2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-2-188-200.
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bjective: Development of an instrument to form measures aimed at improving and monitoring their im- plementation, which will consider deviations from the specified parameters. The formation instrument is regarded as a complete set of elements for performing a function by systematizing a set of units (objects, phenomena), i. e., step-by-step application of tools compiled into a single algorithm. Methods: The main tools for analyzing and managing the passenger complex during ongoing activities are: Pareto chart, cause & effect diagram (Ishikawa), correlation, risk management (3-map method), strategic management (X-matrix), etc. Results: The study has revealed that the formation instrument consists of a sequence of systematic forecasting and evaluation of the algorithm of sequential operations: statistics, analysis, risk calculation, verification, control, etc. It has been established that it is necessary to strive for the ability to achieve a given parameter of the process stability in the passenger complex avoiding critical devia- tions from the desired result. Practical importance: Using the example of the 2019/2020 Oktyabrskaya Railway passenger complex winterization, the apparently universal principle of using the formation in- strument has been demonstrated. This principle can be not only applied to other passenger complex pro- cesses but also used in the processes of other facilities in the Russian Railways network.