Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Isidore of Seville'

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender a elaboração da concepção da Realeza católica a partir das ideias políticas do bispo Isidoro de Sevilha (560-636). Prelado que viveu na passagem do século VI para o VII na Hispânia Visigoda, um período de mudanças, onde se buscava a unidade religiosa, política, legal, administrativa e de identidade deste reino. Coube a Isidoro de Sevilha traçar-lhe a doutrina. Assim analisamos as perspectivas deste prelado em relação ao reinado de Recaredo, rei que apareceu diante do III Concílio de Toledo (589) como o autor da conversão de seu povo e defensor dos interesses da única Igreja oficial do reino, bem como de seus sucessores. Contudo, apesar da conversão de Recaredo ter dado um novo caráter à Monarquia esta ainda não conseguiu consolidar totalmente o reino. Isidoro, por meio de suas obras desenvolveu um importante papel na tarefa de fortalecimento da Monarquia. Assim na maior parte de seus escritos não apenas apresentou as preocupações e anseios de um indivíduo isolado, mas os desejos e temores também do restante do corpo que, em sua maioria, compunham a Igreja hispano-visigoda e a instituição monárquica
This dissertation aimed to understands the elaboration of the conception of the Catholic Royalty starting from the bishop's Isidoro of Seville political ideas (560-636). Prelate that lived in the passage of the century VI for VII in Visigothic Hispania, a period of changes, where the religious unit, politics, was looked for legal, administrative and of identity of this kingdom. Isidoro of Seville fit to draw the doctrine. We analyzed the prospects of this prelate in relation to the reign of Recaredo, king that appeared before III Council of Toledo (589) as the author of the conversion of his people and defender of the interests of the only official Church of the kingdom, as well as of their successors. However, in spite of the conversion of Recaredo to have given a new character to the Monarchy this still didn't get to consolidate the kingdom totally. Isidoro, through their works developed an important paper in the task of invigoration of the Monarchy. Like this in most of their writings it didn't just present the concerns and an isolated individual's longings, but the desires and fears also of the remaining of the body that, in majority, composed the hispano-Visigothic Church and the monarchic institution

Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade Filho
Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães
Banca: Terezinha Oliveira
Resumo: Esta dissertação teve como objetivo compreender a elaboração da concepção da Realeza católica a partir das ideias políticas do bispo Isidoro de Sevilha (560-636). Prelado que viveu na passagem do século VI para o VII na Hispânia Visigoda, um período de mudanças, onde se buscava a unidade religiosa, política, legal, administrativa e de identidade deste reino. Coube a Isidoro de Sevilha traçar-lhe a doutrina. Assim analisamos as perspectivas deste prelado em relação ao reinado de Recaredo, rei que apareceu diante do III Concílio de Toledo (589) como o autor da conversão de seu povo e defensor dos interesses da única Igreja oficial do reino, bem como de seus sucessores. Contudo, apesar da conversão de Recaredo ter dado um novo caráter à Monarquia esta ainda não conseguiu consolidar totalmente o reino. Isidoro, por meio de suas obras desenvolveu um importante papel na tarefa de fortalecimento da Monarquia. Assim na maior parte de seus escritos não apenas apresentou as preocupações e anseios de um indivíduo isolado, mas os desejos e temores também do restante do corpo que, em sua maioria, compunham a Igreja hispano-visigoda e a instituição monárquica
Abstract: This dissertation aimed to understands the elaboration of the conception of the Catholic Royalty starting from the bishop's Isidoro of Seville political ideas (560-636). Prelate that lived in the passage of the century VI for VII in Visigothic Hispania, a period of changes, where the religious unit, politics, was looked for legal, administrative and of identity of this kingdom. Isidoro of Seville fit to draw the doctrine. We analyzed the prospects of this prelate in relation to the reign of Recaredo, king that appeared before III Council of Toledo (589) as the author of the conversion of his people and defender of the interests of the only official Church of the kingdom, as well as of their successors. However, in spite of the conversion of Recaredo to have given a new character to the Monarchy this still didn't get to consolidate the kingdom totally. Isidoro, through their works developed an important paper in the task of invigoration of the Monarchy. Like this in most of their writings it didn't just present the concerns and an isolated individual's longings, but the desires and fears also of the remaining of the body that, in majority, composed the hispano-Visigothic Church and the monarchic institution
Mestre

Varron et Isidore vivent dans deux cultures tout à fait différentes : Varron, au Ier siècle avant J. C. est un des plus illustres représentants de la latinité classique ; Isidore, au contraire, vit dans le VIIe siècle, presque un siècle après la chute de l’Empire Romain, dans l’Espagne gouvernée par les Wisigoths, dans une culture où le christianisme est la religion dominante. Tous deux vivent dans un temps de passage : Varron est la dernière voix de la République et la première de l’époque impériale, Isidore vit entre la fin de la latinité et le début du Moyen Âge ; le sentiment de la perte les pousse à conserver la culture qui allait vers une irrémédiable disparition. Avec les Antiquitates, les Disciplinae et le De lingua latina Varron assurait le maintien de la culture, de l’histoire et de la langue latine ; l’évêque de Séville conserve la même culture que le Réaltin et crée, avec les Etymologiae, un produit littéraire vraiment actuel, où les travaux de Varron se mêlent dans un nouveau horizon interculturel. Malgré les analogies évidentes et l’indiscutable autorité de Varron pour Isidore (son nom, dans les Etymologiae, revient trente et une fois et il y a d’autres passages où l’évêque rapporte des théories du Réatin sans le citer explicitement), J. Fontaine pense qu’Isidore n’a pas pu lire directement les œuvres de Varron, et après lui personne n’a plus écrit sur cette question. Aujourd’hui il est donc impératif de combler cette lacune. Notre étude se propose de résoudre cette question en cherchant à comprendre si Isidore a pu lire, au moins, une partie de l’œuvre de Varron, et en considérant aussi l’importance des témoins indirects comme Servius, Augustin et Martianus Capella. Pour les spécialistes de Varron, cette recherche est nécessaire parce qu’elle est capable d’éclaircir les vicissitudes de la tradition de ses œuvres ; pour les spécialistes d’Isidore, elle pourra remplir un vide considérable et éclairer aussi l’importance des autres sources
Varro and Isidore live in two different contexts: Varro, during the first century b.C is one of the most famous writers; Isidore who lives during the VII century a.d., in the Visigoth Spain where the Christianity is the first religion. they both live in a moment of great changes: Varro is the last voice of the Republic and the first of the imperial age. Isidore lives the end of the latin world. With the Antiquitates, Disciplinae and the De lingua latina Varro wants to guarantee the surviving of the latin culture; the bishop of Seville, with his Etymologies, maintain the same culture of Varro. Despite the evidence analogies between Isidore and Varro, J. Fontaine thinks that Isidore couldn't read Varro's work. After Fontaine nobody talked anymore about this question. We want to fill this gap because this research is necessary for those who study Isidore and for those who study Varro and the tradition of his works

Orientador: Antonio Miguel
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Doutorado

Orientador: Marcos Aurelio Pereira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Sobre o discurso gramatical produzido na Antigüidade tardia nem sempre se encontram olhares cuidadosos. As Etimologias de Isidoro de Sevilha, cuja circulação atravessou os séculos posteriores, têm sido um alvo predileto para considerações que vão desde o menosprezo ¿puro e simples¿ ao risível. No entanto, as reflexões linguageiras desses séculos que ¿encerram¿ a Antigüidade têm sua razão de ser, uma vez que estabelecem relações outras com a língua e com a linguagem. Na tentativa de contar uma outra história sobre o discurso gramatical antigo e sobre uma de suas ferramentas interpretativas básicas, a etimologia, optou-se por narrar, em linhas gerais, o percurso das abordagens linguageiras que partem de gregos e romanos e chegam ao trabalho de Isidoro de Sevilha, enfatizando as tensões entre as rupturas e as continuidades desses debates, percorrendo um período em que subjaz o acontecimento da emergência do discurso cristão. Para descrever e interpretar quais as regularidades desse discurso gramatical-etimológico cristão isidoriano, julgou-se necessário traduzir o livro I das Etimologias, onde se encontram as definições-chave relativas à gramática e à etimologia
Abstract: It is not always usual to find careful approaches on the grammatical discourse produced in Late Antiquity. Isidore of Seville¿s Etymologies that have circulated through the later centuries have been a favorite target to some considerations from the ¿pure and simple¿ contempt to the laughable. However, the language reflections from those centuries ¿ ¿ending Antiquity¿ ¿ have their own reason of existence, as they establish different relations with language itself. In order to tell another story about the ancient grammatical discourse and one of its basic interpretative tools, the etymology, we chose to narrate, in general lines, the course of language approaches that has begun with the Greek and Roman until Isidore of Seville¿s work, emphasizing the tensions between breaks and continuities within those debates, covering a period in which we may witness the emergency of Christian discourse. In order to describe and interpret which are the regularities of that Isidorian¿s grammatical, etymological and Christian discourse, we found it necessary to translate the first book of the Etymologies where the key definitions relating to Grammar and Etymology are found
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística

Ce travail propose d’étudier l’un des nombreux textes médiévaux portant sur le mythe de la guerre de Troie. Transmis à l’Occident médiéval non pas par le biais d’Homère mais par celui des classiques latins et de certains auteurs de l’Antiquité tardive, ce mythe connut un immense succès en Europe durant tout le Moyen Âge, malgré l’ignorance du grec et de l’Iliade. Nous avons choisi d’éditer partiellement et de commenter l’un des plus importants monuments de la matière troyenne médiévale, texte presque inédit aujourd’hui, car totalement délaissé depuis la Renaissance et le retour aux textes anciens. Dans une introduction, nous avons exposé les principes de notre travail d’édition, c'est-à-dire listé les différents manuscrits utilisés par l’éditeur précédent (Nathaniel Griffin), puis surtout présenté notre manuscrit de base, le Cod. Bodmer 78, absent de la liste des manuscrits collationnés par Griffin. Puis nous avons consacré un chapitre à la langue du texte, un latin médiéval très lisible quoiqu’empreint de « modernismes », notamment au niveau du lexique. Puis, après avoir présenté le texte, sa langue et notre méthode d’édition, nous avons exposé le peu d’éléments que nous avions sur notre auteur, sa vie, son œuvre et le contexte intellectuel au milieu duquel il évolua dans la Sicile du XIIIe siècle, ainsi que l’engouement européen pour la matière troyenne qui explique son choix de reprendre ce grand mythe dans son Historia. Enfin il nous a fallu évoquer les nombreuses sources utilisées par Guido delle Colonne, ses sources directes, indirectes ou inavouées. En dernier lieu, nous avons offert un résumé de chaque livre édité et traduit. Suit une bibliographie détaillée sur les manuscrits et éditions anciens de ce texte, des manuels, le contexte culturel et historique en Europe et en Sicile au Moyen Âge, les textes grecs, latins et vernaculaires se rapportant à la guerre de Troie et ayant influencé notre auteur de près ou de loin, les ouvrages critiques sur le traitement de cette matière troyenne dans l’Antiquité et au Moyen Âge, et enfin les quelques éléments bibliographiques portant sur Guido et sur son œuvre. Vient ensuite notre édition-traduction. La traduction est accompagnée d’un double apparat : un apparat des sources et réminiscences ainsi qu’un apparat critique qui prend en compte et compare les leçons contenues dans notre manuscrit de base avec les variantes citées par l’éditeur précédent dans les quelques manuscrits qu’il a utilisés. Au bas de la traduction, figurent des notes d’érudition destinées aux noms ou des faits cités dans le texte et qui méritent une explication. Après cette partie introduction philologique et édition, la deuxième grande partie de cette thèse consiste en un commentaire et des annexes. Dans notre commentaire, nous avons souhaité interroger notre texte dans ses aspects narratologiques, thématiques, génériques, linguistiques et idéologiques. C’est pourquoi nous avons consacré un premier chapitre à l’étude narratologique du texte, son contenu, son agencement, ses techniques narratives, son utilisation des sources et ses principales thématiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons abordé le genre et le ton de cette Historia, qui se veut un texte historique quoique traitant une matière fictionnelle puisque mythologique à une époque où les genres littéraires ne sont pas encore définis et encore moins cloisonnés ; nous avons en outre longuement commenté et illustré le choix de l’écriture en prose et en latin à une époque où la mode est au vers et au vernaculaire. Enfin, notre troisième chapitre porte sur le contenu scientifique, politique et idéologique de ce texte truffé de parenthèses érudites et morales. En dernier lieu, nous avons proposé une édition diplomatique de la partie non éditée ni traduite du manuscrit, ainsi que des annexes sur les manuscrits et le vocabulaire, et bien sûr des index des noms propres et un glossaire des mots rares ou surprenants
This work proposes to explore one of the many medieval texts on the myth of the Trojan War. Transmitted to medieval Europe not through Homer but by the Latin classics and some authors of late Antiquity, this myth was a huge success in Europe during the middle Ages, despite the ignorance of the Greek and the Iliad. We chose to partially edit and comment on one of the most important monuments of the medieval Trojan material, almost unpublished text today because totally abandoned since the Renaissance and the return to the ancient texts. In an introduction, we exposed the principles of our editing work, that is to say, listed the various manuscripts used by the original publisher (Nathaniel Griffin) and especially presented our basic manuscript, Cod. Bodmer 78, absent from the list of manuscripts collated by Griffin. Then we have a chapter on the language of the text, a medieval Latin highly readable although full of "modernism", particularly in terms of vocabulary. Then, after introducing the text, the language and our editing method, we exposed the little things we had on our author, his life, his work and the intellectual context in which he evolved in thirteenth century Sicily, and the European craze for the Trojan material explains his choice to take this great myth in his Historia. Then, we had to mention the many sources used by Guido delle Colonne, its indirect or direct or unacknowledged sources. Lastly, we provided a summary of each book published and translated. Then follows a detailed bibliography on manuscripts and old editions of this text, textbooks, historical and cultural context in Europe and Sicily in the Middle Ages, the Greek texts, Latin and vernacular related to the Trojan War and that influenced our author near or far, the critical works on the treatment of this Trojan material in antiquity and the Middle Ages, and finally some bibliographic elements on Guido and his work. Then comes our edition-translation. The translation is accompanied by a double pageantry: one for the sources and reminiscences, and a critical apparatus that considers and compares the lessons contained in our manuscript with basic variants cited by the previous editor in some manuscripts that he used. At the bottom of the translation include scholarly notes for names or facts mentioned in the text and deserve an explanation. After this introduction and part philological edition, the second major part of this thesis consists of a comment and annexes. In our review, we wanted to examine our text in its narratological, thematically, linguistic, generic and ideological aspects. That is why we have devoted the first chapter to the narratological study of the text, its content, its layout, its narrative techniques, use of sources and its main themes. In a second part, we discussed the type and tone of the Historia, which intends to be a historical text while attending a fictional material since mythological, at a time when genres are not yet defined and less compartmentalized; we have also commented extensively and illustrated the choice of writing in prose and Latin at a time when fashion is to poetry and vernacular. In the end, our third chapter focuses on the scientific, political and ideological content of this text peppered with parentheses and moral scholars. Finally, we proposed a diplomatic edition of the unedited or translated part of the manuscript, as well as appendices on manuscripts and vocabulary, and of course the name index and a glossary of rare or surprising words

A pesquisa ter por objetivo analisar a escrita da história na Antigüidade Tardia à luz de dois dos mais importantes autores do período: Gregório de Tours e Isidoro de Sevilha. Desta forma, esperamos compreender as razões que levaram os autores a escolher o gênero histórico para narrar os acontecimentos que tomavam curso na Gália e na Hispânia. Defendemos que é só mediante a análise do papel outorgado pelos bispos aos francos e visigodos que é possível compreender efetivamente as intenções que motivaram a produção dos Decem Libri Historiarum e da Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum.
The objective of our research is analyze the writing of history in Late Antiquity in the light of the two most important authors of the period: Gregory of Tours and Isidore os Seville. Thereby, we aim to understand the reasons which made they choose the historical narrative gender to describe the events which took course in Gaul and Hispania. We advocate that it is only through the studing of the role awarded by the bishops to the Franks and Visigoths that is possible to appreciate the intentions which motivated the production of the Decem Libri Historiarum and the Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum.

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No decorrer do século V, o Império Romano Ocidental desagregou-se, dando lugar a diversos reinos ditos germânicos. Uma das preocupações fundamentais dos governantes desses regni era a de legitimar o seu poder, ou seja, fazer com que sua autoridade fosse reconhecida tanto pela nobreza quanto pela população em geral. Esta tarefa mostrava-se desafiadora pelos seguintes motivos: primeiramente, estes reinos formaram-se em locais que durante séculos estavam submetidos à autoridade romana, sendo assim, as formas e símbolos de governo de origem imperial não podiam ser desprezadas. Além disso, muitos desses reinos sofriam de uma instabilidade interna crônica, onde a autoridade do monarca era frequentemente contestada. Somada a isto está a presença do Império Romano do Oriente, que, sob Justiniano, retomou áreas consideráveis do Mediterrâneo Ocidental. Devido a tais dificuldades, os reis bárbaros voltaram-se para a Igreja, visando buscar uma legitimidade espiritual para seu poder. Os bispos viam no monarca um poderoso aliado em seus combates contra o paganismo e as heresias. Desse modo, houve uma aproximação entre rei e episcopado, em que os bispos tornaram-se importantes legitimadores da autoridade do monarca. Na presente dissertação, estudaremos as concepções episcopais sobre o rei e suas funções nas obras de dois bispos: Gregório de Tours (538-594) e Isidoro de Sevilha (560-636), que viveram, respectivamente, na Gália merovíngia e no Reino Visigótico católico
In the fifth century, the Western Roman Empire disaggregated, giving place to various Germanic kingdoms. One of the main concerns of the rulers of these regni was the legitimating of their power, that is, to make their authority was recognized by the nobility and the population in general. This task showed itself challenging because of the following motives: first of all, these kingdoms were formed in locals that were, for centuries, ruled by Rome, and so the ways and symbols of imperial origin could not be ignored. Besides, most of these kingdoms suffered from a chronic internal instability. Moreover, there is the presence of the Eastern Roman Empire that, under Justinian, retook considerable areas of the Western Mediterranean. Due to this difficulties, the barbarian kings turned around to the Church, aiming a spiritual legitimacy to their power. The bishops saw the king as a powerful ally in their fight against the paganism and the heresies. Thereby, there was an approaching between king and episcopate, in which the bishops became important legitimators of the monarch s authority. In the present dissertation, we will study the episcopal conceptions about the king and his functions in the works of two bishops: Gregory of Tours (538-594) and Isidore of Seville (560-636), who lived, respectively in Merovingian Gaul and in the catholic Visigothic Kingdom

El contenido de este trabajo pretende esclarecer cuál es el sentido de la incorporación de ciertas figuras originadas en los bestiarios mitológicos de la Antigüedad grecorromana en el libro XI Sobre el hombre y los seres prodigiosos, del Originum sive etymologiarum libri viginti o Las Etimologías (o como también se le conoce: Sobre Los Orígenes1), de San Isidoro de Sevilla (Cartagena 560- Sevilla 636 d.C.). Autor reconocido por la historiografía occidental como una de las fuentes primordiales en la materia, razón por la cual hemos optado por su obra para realizar nuestro estudio en torno a esta incorporación de los mitos del “hombre diferente” -o bien como los denomina Isidoro, los seres prodigiosos- a la literatura cristiana altomedieval. En este contexto, buscamos delimitar nuestro estudio y precisar que para los efectos de este informe no abordaremos la mitología clásica en su totalidad, sino específicamente aquella que hemos denominado “bestiario”, vale decir, el conjunto de mitos elucubrados por autores grecolatinos durante lo que suele denominarse como la Antigüedad Tardía, posterior a la aparición de los primeros textos homéricos en torno al siglo IX a.C y hasta los inicios del cristianismo alrededor del siglo III d.C., en que se describen seres que de alguna forma transitan entre lo humano y lo animal.

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No decorrer do século V, o Império Romano Ocidental desagregou-se, dando lugar a diversos reinos ditos germânicos. Uma das preocupações fundamentais dos governantes desses regni era a de legitimar o seu poder, ou seja, fazer com que sua autoridade fosse reconhecida tanto pela nobreza quanto pela população em geral. Esta tarefa mostrava-se desafiadora pelos seguintes motivos: primeiramente, estes reinos formaram-se em locais que durante séculos estavam submetidos à autoridade romana, sendo assim, as formas e símbolos de governo de origem imperial não podiam ser desprezadas. Além disso, muitos desses reinos sofriam de uma instabilidade interna crônica, onde a autoridade do monarca era frequentemente contestada. Somada a isto está a presença do Império Romano do Oriente, que, sob Justiniano, retomou áreas consideráveis do Mediterrâneo Ocidental. Devido a tais dificuldades, os reis bárbaros voltaram-se para a Igreja, visando buscar uma legitimidade espiritual para seu poder. Os bispos viam no monarca um poderoso aliado em seus combates contra o paganismo e as heresias. Desse modo, houve uma aproximação entre rei e episcopado, em que os bispos tornaram-se importantes legitimadores da autoridade do monarca. Na presente dissertação, estudaremos as concepções episcopais sobre o rei e suas funções nas obras de dois bispos: Gregório de Tours (538-594) e Isidoro de Sevilha (560-636), que viveram, respectivamente, na Gália merovíngia e no Reino Visigótico católico.

A Península Ibérica sempre foi berço de civilizações importantes durante toda a antiguidade, o processo de hibridismo ocorrido culturalmente nesta região é sem dúvida base para trabalhos importantíssimos, o que não seria diferente na Antiguidade Tardia. Figuras de suma importância histórica contribuíram para a formação de novas ideias e conceitos que buscamos compreender em nossos estudos. Dentre estas figuras destacamos Isidoro de Sevilha, bispo de suma importância para o estudo do sec.VI, pois, através da definição do termo “Rex”, busca em muitos momentos a fixação de preceitos de humildade, caridade, bondade. Sua visão, através da observação dos atos do Rei Recareto, e tendo este como modelo principal, nos leva a analisar o real papel do Rex Maximus neste panorama catequético, como este usa de sua influência social – como líder guerreiro – para trazer para um só lado, toda uma população que possui crenças próprias e diferenciadas em um espaço geográfico mais amplo. Para isto, buscaremos através da visão Isidoriana este ideal Real para o Reino Visigodo e os principais impactos na iconografia do período dentro das cunhagens visigodas, como facilitador do processo catequético e como símbolo de confiança do Rei Legitimado para com seu povo neste momento de mudanças e fixações de novos pensamentos religiosos e políticos. Junto a esta analise realizaremos a criação de um objeto de aprendizagem que vem como facilitador do entendimento dos alunos do ensino básico sobre este assunto, como um jogo de RPG digital, buscaremos apresentar a história dos godos neste recorte temporal e territorial.
The Iberian Peninsula has always been the birthplace of important civilizations throughout antiquity, and the process of culturally occurring hybridism in this region is undoubtedly the basis for very important works, which would not be different in Late Antiquity. Figures of historical importance contributed to the formation of new ideas and concepts that we seek to understand in our studies. Among the figures we highlight Isidore of Seville, bishop of paramount importance for the study of sec.VI, since, through the definition of the term "Rex", he seeks in many moments the fixing of precepts of humility, charity, kindness. His vision, through the observation of the acts of King Recapture, and having this as the main model, leads us to analyze the real role of Rex Maximus in this catechetical panorama, as this uses of his social influence - as a warrior leader - to bring one side, an entire population that has its own distinctive beliefs in a wider geographic space. For this, we will seek through Isidorian vision this Real ideal for the Visigoth Kingdom and the main impacts on the iconography of the period within the Visigothic coinage, as a facilitator of the catechetical process and as a symbol of trust of the Legitimate King towards his people in this moment of change and fixations of new religious and political thoughts. Together with this analysis we will create a learning object that comes as a facilitator of the understanding of elementary school students on this subject, as a digital RPG game, we will try to present the history of the Goths in this temporal and territorial clipping.

In the past the works of Isidorus Hispalensis have been regarded as nothing more than a rehashing of the works of earlier ecclesiastical authors, with no direct reference to Roman sources. He has been called at best a compiler and at worst a plagiarist. However, a greater understanding of the historical context shows that it is likely that Isidorus Hispalensis was working directly from Roman sources. In addition, by studying the historical context within which Isidorus is writing, evidence of his originality is seen in his ability to cater specific works to his specific context. By outlining Rome’s presence in Spain from the very beginning, as well as the changing understanding of the barbarian invasions, I show through a study of the astronomical chapters of Isidorus Hispalensis’ De Natura Rerum that Roman traditions in Spain persisted well into the Visigothic period, and that Isidorus Hispalensis is a perfect symbol of the survival of Roman culture after the fall of the western Empire.
Thesis (Master, Classics) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-12 17:33:29.356

Sicut scintilla ignis in medio maris: Theological Despair in the Works of Isidore of Seville, Hrotsvit of Gandersheim and Dante Alighieri. Doctor of Philosophy, 2009. Kristen Leigh Allen, Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto. When discussing the concept of despair in the Middle Ages, scholars often note how strongly medieval people linked despair with suicide. Indeed, one finds the most recent and comprehensive treatment of the topic in Alexander Murray’s Suicide in the Middle Ages. Murray concludes that most medieval suicides had suffered from “this-worldly” despair, brought on by fatal illness, emotional or material stress, or some other unbearable circumstance. However, Murray also observes that medieval theologians and the people they influenced came to attribute suicide to theological despair, i.e. a failure to hope for God’s mercy. This dissertation investigates the work of three well-known medieval authors who wrote about and very likely experienced such theological despair. In keeping with Murray’s findings, none of these three ultimately committed suicide, thus allowing me to explore how medieval people overcame their theological despair. I have chosen these three authors because they not only wrote about theological despair, but drew from their own experiences when doing so. Their personal testimony was intended to equip their readers with the spiritual tools necessary to overcome their own despair. The first of my three authors, Isidore of Seville, will be treated in Chapter Two. Isidore’s works provide an excellent synthesis of patristic thought on despair and also hint at his willingness to share his own spiritual struggles in order to help his flock defeat this vice. Chapter Three discusses Hrotsvit of Gandersheim and her understanding of despair and presumption as closely interrelated mindsets that can afflict the repentant sinner. Hrotsvit’s own frequent admissions of presumption in her prefaces strongly suggest that she was also plagued with despair due to her unorthodox appropriation of the role of poeta. My fourth chapter considers Dante Alighieri’s Inferno, a poetic meditation on the ultimate fate of the desperate sinner and how such a fate might be avoided. Dante the Wayfarer will come to realize the necessity of God’s grace for those wishing to overcome sin. Indeed, all three of the writers studied consider this knowledge an important antidote to despair, proven by their own experiences.