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1
Stevens, Rozanne. Relish BBQ: Making al fresco food fun with the ish factor. Delish Publishing in association with Original Writing, 2013.
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McVeigh, Marie E. Open access journals in the ISI Citation databases: Analysis of impact factors and citation patterns. Thomson Corporation, 2004.
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3
International Symposium on Risk, Economy and Safety, Failure Minimisation and Analysis (3rd 1998 Pilanesberg, South Africa). Risk, economy and safety, failure minimisation and analysis: Failures'98 : proceedings of the third International symposium on risk, economy and safety, failure minimisation and analysis, Pilanesberg, South Africa, 6-10 July 1998. A. A. Balkema, 1998.
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4
Romano, Donato, and Gianluca Stefani, eds. How safe is eating chicken? Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-109-0.
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Consumers' trust is a key factor in dealing with rising concerns about food safety and food quality, but only few studies have dealt with consumer attitudes and none of them has tried to model the process of consumer response. This book reports the main findings of an european project aimed at analysing trust along the food chain and its relationship with food risk communication. The papers collected investigate the mechanisms that determine the social diffusion of trust, examiConsumers trust is a key factor in dealing with rising concerns about food safety and food quality, but only few studies have dealt with consumer attitudes and none of them has tried to model the process of consumer response. This book reports the main findings of an european project aimed at analysing trust along the food chain and its relationship with food risk communication. The papers collected investigate the mechanisms that determine the social diffusion of trust, examining the interplay of the psychological, sociological and economic factors; and analyze the impact of the food risk communication policies on consumers and producers and on the society as a whole.ning the interplay of the psychological, sociological and economic factors; and analyze the impact of the food risk communication policies on consumers and producers and on the society as a whole.
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Kusama, Tomoko. Ekigaku, seibutsu no ryōteki dēta o moto ni shita atarashii kikō moderu ni kansuru kenkyū. 2011.
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Desbois, Patrick, Nastasie Costel, and Lara Logan. Terrorist Factory: ISIS, the Yazidi Genocide, and Exporting Terror. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2018.
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Bullock, Kim, and John J. Barry. Psychiatric Factors. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0003.
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Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a multifactorial illness requiring a personalized biopsychosocial (BPS) formulation across the lifespan to understand its causes. This chapter reviews the current evidence focusing on predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and prognostic variables (4P’s), merging them into a chronologically based 4P-BPS model. Positive PNES randomized controlled trials suggest that self-efficacy and illness beliefs, avoidance behaviors, trigger sensitization, and comorbid psychiatric disorders are important etiological variables to target during treatment. Epidemiological and neurobiological research suggests that further treatment development focusing on the causal impact of trauma and affect dysregulation is lacking and is warranted going forward. The clinical implications for the evidence to date, as well as recommendations for translating current knowledge into therapeutic behaviors, are discussed.
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author, Nastasie Costel, Temchin Shelley translator, and Logan, Lara, writer of foreword, eds. The terrorist factory: ISIS, the Yazidi genocide, and exporting terror. 2018.
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10
Crowley-Matoka, Megan. Cultural Factors. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.21.
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This article explores the cultural features of death and dying. Following a broad discussion of death as a problem—materially, socially, and existentially—to which diverse responses have been developed historically and cross-culturally, the concept of culture is defined and explored in terms of the way it has been taken up in the practice of medicine more generally and in discussions about death in particular. Arguing that the “problem of death” in America has increasingly come to be identified as a “problem of culture,” the article takes two classic ethnographies of dying in American hospitals—spaced forty years apart—as a strategic comparative lens through which to examine how key cultural features of death and dying have (and have not) shifted over a particularly critical period in the history of US health care.
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Engels, Eric A., and Allan Hildesheim. Immunologic Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0025.
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The immune response is a highly complex system that has developed to protect individuals from morbidity and mortality induced by exogenous exposures, including infections. As summarized in this chapter, alterations in the immune response, whether due to immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effects, have important consequences with respect to cancer risk. Individuals with inherited immunological defects, acquired immunological deficiencies, chronic unresolved infections, and autoimmune conditions are at considerably increased risk for multiple cancers, suggesting an important role for the immune response in the development of cancer at various anatomical sites. Studies that have directly evaluated immunogenetic and immunological factors and cancer risk are beginning to identify specific immunological risk factors associated with individual cancers. Furthermore, technological advances have made it increasingly feasible to evaluate specific immunological factors and their relationship to cancer risk, suggesting that additional insights are likely in the coming years.
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Back, Kerry E. Stochastic Discount Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0003.
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SDFs are defined. The first order condition for portfolio choice is interpreted as: an investor’s marginal rate of substitution is an SDF. There is a strictly positive SDF if and only if there are no arbitrage opportunities, and there is some SDF if and only if the law of one price holds. There is a unique SDF if and only if the market is complete. Orthogonal projections are defined. There is a unique SDF in the span of the assets, and it equals the projection of any SDF onto the span of the assets. The Hansen‐Jagannathan bounds are derived. Orthogonal projections are used to show how an investor with quadratic utility hedges labor income risk.
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Stassart, Ruth, Sandra Goebbels, and Klaus-Armin Nave. Factors Controlling Myelin Formation. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0044.
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This is a digitally enhanced text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the second edition of Neuroglia. The second edition of Neuroglia was first published digitally in Oxford Scholarship Online and the bibliographic details provided, if cited, will direct people to that version of the text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the ...
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Hanisch, Uwe-Karsten. Factors Controlling Microglial Activation. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0048.
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This is a digitally enhanced text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the second edition of Neuroglia. The second edition of Neuroglia was first published digitally in Oxford Scholarship Online and the bibliographic details provided, if cited, will direct people to that version of the text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the ...
15
Nguyen, Christelle, and François Rannou. Addressing adverse mechanical factors. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0024.
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Non-pharmacological approaches are widely and consistently recommended for the management of osteoarthritis (OA). This recommendation is based on biomechanical observations and emphasizes the therapeutic interest of biomechanical interventions able to modulate adverse mechanical factors affecting the symptomatic OA joint. Therapeutic approaches include braces, orthoses, insoles, joint protection, joint-preserving surgical procedures, walking sticks, and other aids. Overall, biomechanical interventions aim to modulate joint biomechanics, in order to improve joint mechanosensitivity, decrease mechanical joint loading, and eventually reduce pain. These interventions must be adjusted to the biomechanical specificities of each joint, and of the individual patient. This chapter uses an evidence-based approach, including the most recent European League Against Rheumatism, Osteoarthritis Research Society International, and American College of Rheumatology recommendations, to describe and to review non-pharmacological strategies available in daily clinical practice, designed to modulate mechanical joint loading, with a focus on the management of hand, hip, and knee OA. The interest of weight loss, specific and non-specific exercises, patient education, and self-care programmes is discussed elsewhere in this book.
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Wong, Victoria S. S., and Martin Salinsky. Neurological and Medical Factors. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the neurological and medical factors associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). PNES can occur concurrently with epilepsy in 5 to 20% of patients. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of epilepsy, but it is also commonly cited by patients with PNES as the primary cause of their seizures. PNES are also overrepresented in patients with intellectual and learning disabilities. Patients with PNES usually have additional subjective neurological and medical complaints. Pain complaints are overrepresented in patients with PNES and are a major contributor to health care use. Cognitive complaints are also common, with a patient’s mood playing a larger role than objective cognitive dysfunction. Medically unexplained symptoms such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome are overrepresented in patients with PNES. Their occurrence increases the likelihood of diagnosing PNES over epilepsy. These observations reveal a complex pattern of susceptibility to the development of PNES. PNES are thus best viewed as only one symptom of a heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple physical symptoms used to express psychological distress.
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Back, Kerry E. Factor Models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0006.
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The CAPM and factor models in general are explained. Factors can be replaced by the returns or excess returns that are maximally correlated (the projections of the factors). A factor model is equivalent to an affine representation of an SDF and to spanning a return on the mean‐variance frontier. The use of alphas for performance evaluation is explained. Statistical factor models are defined as models in which factors explain the covariance matrix of returns. A proof is given of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, which states that statistical factors are approximate pricing factors. The CAPM and the Fama‐French‐Carhart model are evaluated relative to portfolios based on sorts on size, book‐to‐market, and momentum.
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Nash, Sara Siris, Lucy Hutner, and Eve Caligor. Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0011.
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This chapter deals with patients who have a psychological or behavioral factor that is adversely influencing their medical condition. These factors include psychological distress, interpersonal problems, coping styles, and maladaptive health behaviors. It is important to remember that regression is a nearly universal psychological reaction to being ill. Responses to a physical illness are affected by patients’ personality traits. The role of stress should be taken into account in the treatment of patients with medical conditions. Living with a chronic physical illness, including chronic pain, presents a psychological challenge for patients and their families. Secondary gain can interfere with motivation for recovery.
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von Kaenel, Roland, and Christian Albus. Mechanisms: psychological factors and outcomes. Edited by Susanne Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0199.
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Wegner, Michael. Transcription Factors in Myelinating Cells. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0043.
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This is a digitally enhanced text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the second edition of Neuroglia. The second edition of Neuroglia was first published digitally in Oxford Scholarship Online and the bibliographic details provided, if cited, will direct people to that version of the text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the ...
21
Markus, Hugh, Anthony Pereira, and Geoffrey Cloud. Epidemiology and stroke risk factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737889.003.0001.
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In this opening chapter on the epidemiology and risk factors for stroke, the ‘size of the problem’ in public health terms both in the United Kingdom and worldwide is set out. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of stroke are discussed. Epidemiological terms and definitions as applied to stroke care are reviewed and illustrated, including absolute and relative risk reduction and numbers needed to treat. This chapter also discusses aetiological subtyping of stroke which represents a syndrome caused by multiple different underlying pathologies. It ends with a comprehensive review of the major and minor modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for stroke disease.
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Krist, Alex H., and Vivian Jiang. Provider-Level Factors Influencing Implementation. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0016.
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Cancer treatment is increasingly complex. The tools for diagnosis, staging, and predicting prognosis are rapidly evolving, as are the therapies, treatment modalities, and treatment protocols. The complexity of care, the need for a multidisciplinary team across settings, and patient-level factors all present providers with a unique set of challenges. The three case studies presented in this chapter explore strategies that help providers by (1) ensuring low-income patients with breast cancer receive care consistent with guidelines through patient engagement and navigation, (2) promoting and incorporating the routine use of shared decision-making in determining prostate cancer treatment, and (3) supporting the adoption of concurrent palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. The specific challenges and needs for future implementation science are highlighted throughout each case.
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Saturn, Sarina Rodrigues. Two Factors That Fuel Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.10.
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This chapter explores how inborn biology and life experiences both play a role in profiles of compassion. The first portion focuses on oxytocin, a neuroendocrine system that is an essential part of the biological drive to feel and express compassion for others. Both innate genetic differences and environmentally-caused epigenetic variations of the oxytocin receptor influence how brains, bodies, and social behaviors are driven by this hormone that facilitates caretaking. The second portion concentrates on moral elevation, a distinct emotional state triggered by witnessing compassion. The experience of moral elevation involves a unique pattern of neurophysiological events in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Together, this section provides illustrations of the mind-body connections underlying of the observations, sensations, and behaviors of compassion.
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Guerin, John J., and L. Paul Hood. Psychological Factors in Estate Planning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0018.
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As an area of behavioral finance, estate planning is less focused on systematic, cognitive errors than on a core, emotional ambivalence about mortality. The chapter explores the dynamics of the advisor–client relationship in financial planning and estate planning, as well as the emotional conflicts concerning mortality in light of research about mortality salience and terror management theory. The inclusion of marital, family, and family business issues introduces inherent complications to efforts at planning. These added dimensions may in turn affect succession planning, inheritance, heir preparation, and family dynamics. Recent developments in assessing financial style and personality may enhance progress in estate planning. Tools for facilitating the process are discussed, along with observations for further development in the field. Models in other areas of psychotherapy practice show potential to inform this area of practice.
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Speyer, Augustin. Serialization of full noun phrases in the history of German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0009.
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The serialization of object full NPs is relatively free in Modern German. In OHG, the order IO > DO was heavily preferred; the preference weakened only in the ENHG period. The most important factor for the serialization of object full NPs in OHG is ‘animate before inanimate’, which continues to be an important factor up to the present day. The order IO > DO falls out from that, as the accusative (DO case) tends to be assigned to the least agent-like referent. The loosening of the object order in ENHG is a consequence of other factors becoming more important, for instance ‘given before new’. With respect to structure binding facts suggest that the DO c-commands the IO, the animacy factor being responsible for re-ordering to IO > DO.
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Cimpean, Anca Maria, Andreea Adriana Jitariu, and Marius Raica. Growth Factors and Their Corresponding Receptors as Targets for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0011.
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Ovarian cancer remains one of the most aggressive and difficult to manage malignancies regarding evaluation and therapeutic options. The high mortality persists despite extensive research in the field. Current conventional chemotherapy does not improve disease-free survival and does not decrease recurrences amongst patients. This calls for a stringent reconsideration of the drugs selection, focused on the most targeted strategies and personalization of the therapy. Targeted agents against growth factors and their corresponding receptors are already approved as first- or second-line neoadjuvant therapy with controversial results. This chapter critically discusses the role of growth factors as vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, or platelet-derived growth factors and their corresponding receptors in the pathogenesis, progression, and selection of therapeutic strategies. Other growth factors, such as nerve growth factor or endocrine gland derived growth factor, seem to have a strong involvement in ovarian carcinogenesis but their actual impact is not fully understood.
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Wright, Aidan G. C. Factor Analytic Support for the Five Factor Model. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.20.
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The Five Factor Model (FFM) has risen to prominence over the past 50 years, and currently represents the most widely used structural model of personality attributes. By definition, the FFM is built upon a foundation of factor-analytic techniques. This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first, a methodological primer is provided for those who may be less familiar with factor analytic techniques. Second, the FFM and factor analysis are understood through a historical review, along with updated exemplars of contemporary techniques and applications to personality. Finally, several new directions in factor analytic research of the FFM are reviewed, including its application to psychiatric disorders.
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Mainwaring, Lynda. Psychological Factors and Sport-Related Concussion. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.15.
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Psychological factors related to sport concussion have been overshadowed by interests in neurocognitive recovery. This chapter begins by examining psychological factors relevant to research and management of sport concussion in the context of a culture where normalizing pain and injury is routine. Among the key components of this chapter is a discussion of emotional disturbance following concussion characterized as the “concussion crevice,” which is represented by high fatigue, low vigor, elevated depression and confusion scores, and high overall emotional distress. This differs from pre-injury “iceberg” profiles of high energy, and low depression, fatigue, and confusion, which is characteristic of mentally healthy athletes. Acute emotional response to concussion is distinguished from response to musculoskeletal injury, mirrors neurocognitive recovery, and appears to correspond with the dynamic neurometabolic restoration pattern described in the literature. Directions for future research are recommended.
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Haig, Brian D. Exploratory Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222055.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 argues that exploratory factor analysis is an abductive method of theory generation that exploits a principle of scientific inference known as the principle of the common cause. Factor analysis is an important family of multivariate statistical methods that is widely used in the behavioral and social sciences. The best known model of factor analysis is common factor analysis, which has two types: exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. A number of methodological issues that arise in critical discussions of exploratory factor analysis are considered. It is suggested that exploratory factor analysis can be profitably employed in tandem with confirmatory factor analysis.
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Pedersen, Susanne. Psychological factors and incident heart disease. Edited by Susanne Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0141.
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Kupper, Nina, and Johan Denollet. Impact of psychological factors on outcomes. Edited by Susanne Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0143.
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Hill, Jonathan. 6. Domicile, nationality, and habitual residence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198732297.003.0006.
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The object of jurisdictional rules is to determine an appropriate forum and choice of law rules are designed to lead to the application of the most appropriate law, the law that generally the parties might reasonably expect to apply. The test for recognition of foreign judgments is not dissimilar. A judgment granted by an appropriate forum should normally be recognised. The problem is one of ascertaining the connecting factor (or factors) which would best satisfy the criterion of appropriateness. With regards to personal connecting factors, there is little international agreement as to the appropriate test of ‘belonging’. In England and most common law countries, the traditional personal connecting factor is domicile, which loosely translates as a person's permanent home. One of the problems here is that domicile is a connecting factor which is interpreted differently in various parts of the world. In contrast, most of continental Europe and other civil law countries have traditionally used nationality as the basic connecting factor, especially for choice of law purposes; the personal law is the law of the country of which the person is a citizen. In some countries, including England, another connecting factor, habitual residence, has emerged. This is increasingly being used for the purposes of jurisdiction rules and in the law relating to recognition of foreign judgments. This chapter examines each of these personal connecting factors. Primary emphasis is laid on domicile and habitual residence as the two main connecting factors employed by English law.
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Neziroglu, Fugen, and Nicole Barile. Environmental Factors in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0021.
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Despite its prevalence, the etiology and pathogenesis of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has yet to be fully elucidated due to this disorder’s complexity. Research into causal and contributory factors has been limited, yet there is emerging evidence that environmental factors play an important role and, furthermore, that specific environmental factors may be characteristic of BDD and possibly contribute to the development and maintenance of the disorder. Sociocultural pressures to achieve physical perfection; factors such as teasing/bullying, abuse, and perceived childhood maltreatment; heighted aesthetic sensitivity; and possibly certain personality traits may all be important. Factors such as these, coupled with biologic factors that include genetic heritability and deficits in visual processing, may significantly contribute to both the development and maintenance of the disorder. More research is needed to understand the specific factors that lead to this disorder to better assist with the development of evidence-based psychological treatment.
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Offer, Avner, and Gabriel Söderberg. The Nobel Factor. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196312.001.0001.
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Our confidence in markets comes from economics, and our confidence in economics is underpinned by the Nobel Prize in Economics, which was first awarded in 1969. Was it a coincidence that the prize and the rise of free-market liberalism began at the same time? This is the first book to describe the origins and power of the most important prize in economics. It tells how the prize, created by the Swedish central bank, emerged from a conflict between central bank orthodoxy and Sweden's social democracy. The aim was to use the halo of the Nobel brand to influence the future of Sweden and the rest of the developed world by enhancing the bank's authority and the prestige of market-friendly economics. And the strategy has worked spectacularly — with sometimes disastrous results for societies striving to cope with the requirements of economic theory and deregulated markets. Drawing on previously untapped archives and providing a unique analysis of the sway of prizewinners, the book offers an unprecedented account of the real-world consequences of economics and its greatest prize.
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Jacobi, Corinna, Kristian Hütter, and Eike Fittig. Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.6.
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This chapter provides an updated overview of risk factors for eating disorders, on the basis of the risk factor taxonomy described by (Kraemer et al., 1997). It summarizes risk factors identified in longitudinal studies and markers and retrospective correlates from cross-sectional studies through April 2002 for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, identifies new studies published between May 2002 and June 2015, and integrates them into the earlier review. The updated review confirms that longitudinal evidence on risk factors is strongest for nonspecific eating disorder diagnoses including subclinical forms and weakest for participants with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. When strict criteria for caseness are applied, the majority of risk factors were not able to predict distinct diagnoses and only very few risk factors were confirmed in more than one sample. Case prediction, specificity, and replication therefore remain the biggest challenges in risk factor research for eating disorders.
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Phillips, Tudor. Risk factors for post-amputation pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0066.
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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: Incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain’, published by Jensen et al. in 1985. This study examined a cohort of older patients undergoing limb amputation, and carefully related pre-amputation pain to the development and nature of phantom limb pain. The authors demonstrated that a third of patients experienced pain similar to the pre-amputated limb pain immediately after amputation; patients who had experienced pre-amputation pain were more likely to experience phantom limb pain in the first 6 months after the amputation; and persistent phantom limb pain was more likely in patients who experienced stump pain after amputation. The study had clear implications for pain management but, importantly, it also demonstrated that peripheral pain, in the form of pre-amputation and stump pain, was important in determining the development and maintenance of phantom limb pain.
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Levine, Joseph. The Q Factor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0009.
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In this paper I criticize the Chalmers–Jackson position on the commitments of Materialism from a new direction. Unlike my earlier critique, and that of Block and Stalnaker, I here accept for the sake of argument the overall neo-Fregean semantic project that Chalmers and Jackson employ to draw out the alleged a priori commitments of Materialism. Focusing on their response to Block and Stalnaker in The Philosophical Review, I argue that even granting them their semantic framework they beg the question against the (type B) Materialist. The crucial issue concerns whether, in demonstrating that macro-facts about water can be derived from the basic facts, it is legitimate to include phenomenal facts among the basic ones.
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Malveaux, Julianne. What Trumped? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0005.
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This chapter examines whether there was one factor that put Obama in office. There were pivotal points along the way to the Obama victory when critical factors—race, class, gender, and generation—impacted the outcome of the election. But in reviewing the factors that were cited and also relevant, it is argued that there was “no trump” in the outcome of the election. In other words, the election of Barack Obama represented a conflation of forces, where the conventional wisdom around matters of race, class, gender, culture, generation, and the economy could only partially explain the Obama victory. Thus no factor dominated, and every factor mattered, as this historic victory unfolded.
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Stewart, Robert. Vascular and mixed dementias. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0034.
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Vascular disease is the most important environmental risk factor for dementia but this research area has been hampered by inadequate outcome definitions – in particular, a diagnostic system that attempts to separate overlapping and probably interacting pathologies. There is now substantial evidence that the well-recognised risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke are also risk factors for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, these risk factors frequently act over several decades, meaning that the chances of definitive randomised controlled trial evidence for risk-modifying interventions are slim. This should not obscure the wide opportunity for delaying or preventing dementia through risk factor control and uncontroversial healthy lifestyles. Care should also be taken that comorbid cerebrovascular disease is not considered as excluding a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly now that this determines treatment eligibility.
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First, Michael B. Factors in the development of psychiatric epidemics. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0017.
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The term “epidemic” is broadly employed to refer to any occurrence of illness that is clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Whenever there is an apparent increase in the number of cases over a relatively short time, there are three possibilities: (1) a true epidemic in which the actual incidence of the disorder is increasing; (2) an increase in the number of previously undiagnosed individuals coming to clinical attention; or (3) a broadening of diagnostic definitions over time. Although reports of greatly increased rates of some psychiatric disorders in the past 30 years suggest possible “epidemics,” a closer examination raises questions about whether any of these truly represent increased incidence of the disorder in the community. In most cases, claims for the existence of an epidemic depend on reports of increased numbers of diagnoses made by mental health providers as opposed to evidence of increased rates of the symptomatic presentation.
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Seshadri, Sudha, and Stéphanie Debette, eds. Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199895847.001.0001.
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Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke describes environmental and genetic determinants for cerebrovascular disease and stroke from the perspective of an international group of neurologists, epidemiologists, and geneticists who are at the forefront of research and education on these issues. Unlike other books in the field, which solely deal with physiology, diagnosis, and management of stroke, this essential book discusses prevention factors as well as the causes. This unique book takes a comprehensive approach to risk prediction while integrating epidemiological, genetic, and statistical principles explained in a way that is easy for the clinical trainee to understand. The section on genetic risk factors for various types of stroke is unique in its depth and up-to-date information. Clinicians, residents, fellows and academics in neurology, geriatrics, internal medicine, epidemiology, genetics, public health professionals, and preventative cardiologists, as well as nurses, practitioners and physician assistants will find this a handy source for years to come.
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Bürkardt, Dagmar, Harald Kohler, Norbert Kreuzkamp, and Josef Schmid, eds. Smart Factory und Digitalisierung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845288093.
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Industry 4.0 and digitalisation are current developments that are having a strong impact on the world of work and our society. However, their consequences are still relatively unclear. A look at four economically strong European countries (Germany, Italy, Sweden and Spain) shows that technological and economic developments as well as expectations are debated differently. This book is separated into four sections. Its first part provides an overview of the scope and effects of digitalisation. Its second and third parts focus on reports and results from the four countries mentioned above. These are based on expert discussions and a Delphi online survey conducted in three waves which asked questions on and developed future scenarios. The book’s final part deals with possible courses of action at the workplace and in politics. The articles this book contains are written in German or English and are complemented with summaries in German, English, Italian and Spanish. With contributions by Krister Andersson, Prof. Dr. Daniel Buhr, Dagmar Bürkardt, Sonia Cattaneo, Massimo Darchini, Laura Diéguez Ferrer, Bernd Dworschak, Dr. Miriam Ferrari, Dan Gabrielsson, Daniel Garrell Ballester, Karl-Ulrich Gscheidle, Anneke Ilsemann, Kent Kling, Dr. Harald Kohler, Norbert Kreuzkamp, Martin Kunzmann, Luis Lageder, Dr. Luca Lombi, Dr. Erika Mezger, Dr. Raphael Menez, Prof. Dr. Josef Schmid, Welf Schröter, Heinrich Tiemann.
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Gerken, Mikkel. Diagnosing Practical Factor Effects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 12 deals with the practical factor effects by arguing that in the cases where practical factor effects are generated, the focus is on some pertinent action. In the cases where the knowledge ascription is merely mental, it is argued to serve as a heuristic proxy for a more complex judgment about epistemic actionability. Linguistic knowledge ascriptions are argued to serve a directive communicative function in the relevant cases. Therefore, the “shifty” judgments about the knowledge ascriptions reflect whether they meet or violate the epistemic norm governing directive speech acts—specifically the speech act of recommending. Thus, Chapter 12 combines psychological and linguistic considerations to account for the puzzling patterns of knowledge ascriptions constituting practical factor effects.
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Bingham, Coralie. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0315_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B (HNF1B, also known as TCF2) is a transcription factor that is involved in renal development, and in the transcription of several genes implicated in other genetic renal diseases. Mutations in HNF1B cause maturity onset diabetes of the young, renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, and some cases of familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy. They also account for a large proportion of developmental renal disorders included abnormalities detected antenatally. The various abnormalities associated with the gene may occur in isolation or together in the same patient.
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Paternal factors that affect conception and pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0035.
Full textAbstract:
The father’s nutrition and lifestyle can influence pregnancy outcomes in a number of ways. In the pre-conception period, several modifiable factors in paternal behaviour and nutrition can influence sperm count and quality, and consequently affect fertility. For example, sperm count and quality is affected by alcohol, recreational drugs, prescription drugs, infections, tobacco, and environmental toxins, as well as the man’s BMI and metabolic health state. A father’s metabolic status may also have some impact on the metabolic trajectory of his offspring. Other aspects of a father’s behaviour can indirectly affect the developing fetus through occupational and environmental exposures. Prospective fathers need to be conscious of their personal health and nutrition, as well as of environmental factors that may influence both their ability to conceive and the health of their future offspring.
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Widiger, Thomas A. A Five Factor Discussion. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.8.
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The purpose of this chapter is to pay homage to and provide a discussion of each of the chapters included within this text. The first section of the book provided a description of the Five Factor Model (FFM), followed by a chapter devoted to each of the five domains. The second section concerned construct validity support for the FFM. The third and final section considered various social and clinical applications of the FFM, as well as issues and concerns with respect to these applications. Each of the chapters included within each section is discussed in turn.
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Ye, Weimin, Olof Nyrén, and Hans-Olov Adami. Stomach Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676827.003.0010.
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The epidemiology of stomach cancer is characterized by its wide variation of incidence by geography and population. Despite a declining secular trend of incidence in most Western populations, it is still one of the most common cancers worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest and most important risk factor known today. Although eradication of H. pylori might be an efficient primary prevention strategy, a deeper understanding of effect-modifying factors, including bacterial genetics, human genetics, and environmental risk factors, may enable us to focus even more precisely on the relevant high-risk groups. Dietary factors, particularly the low intake of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables and high intake of salt, are likely to be important. The roles of microbes other than H. pylori in the oral cavity and stomach have recently gained increasing attention. A subtype of stomach cancer, cardia cancer, appears to have a different epidemiology and risk factor profile.
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Glavin, Ronnie, Sven Staender, and Andrew Smith. Human factors and simulation in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0035.
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Human factors is the study of how interactions between organizations, tasks, and the individual worker impact human behaviour and affect systems performance. The importance of human factors in anaesthesia and critical care has been increasingly recognized, leading to its inclusion in the European-wide standards for patient safety in anaesthesiology within the Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology. ‘Person’ factors include permanent characteristics such as an individual’s personality and temporary influences such as physical condition, stress, morale, and workload. ‘Task’ factors include task complexity, preparation and checking, timing, equipment, and working environment. ‘Organization’ factors include communication, leadership, staffing levels, and organizational (safety) culture. While some of these features rely on the technical domain of anaesthetic/critical care practice, most are in the domain of ‘non-technical’ skills. This chapter reviews a number of these influences in detail and describes how non-technical aspects of practice can be encouraged and promoted. Simulation has been used as an educational tool in healthcare for some years, often with anaesthetists closely involved in establishing and running simulation centres and programmes. However, recent changes in medical education, coupled with public demands for increased patient safety, have brought simulation to the fore. This chapter reviews the classification of simulation systems and outlines the use of scenario-based and in situ simulation, before examining the evidence for its effectiveness. The authors emphasize that simulation provides a means for achieving an educational aim rather than being a technological end in its own right.
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Morales, Harold D. The 9/11 Factor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190852603.003.0005.
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In contrast to self-produced media like reversion stories, chapter 4 documents and assesses journalistic representations of Latino Muslims. In a post-9/11 media context, Latino Muslims received increased attention from journalists. It argues that these news stories have, however, reductively focused on “conversion” at the expense of more complex and diverse representations. Although much of this coverage has been reductive, it has generally not been overtly negative. An exception to this pattern is Spanish language news media, which has represented Latino Muslims in negative ways that echo the form but not the function of broader sets of orientalist images. Latino Muslims have responded by calling for boycotts and writing petitions to end the defamation of their identity group. The chapter argues that some of their responses are more reasonable than others and that they will require much broader support if these are to make any positive contributions to public discourse.
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Holdt, Lesca M., and Daniel Teupser. Genetic background of atherosclerosis and its risk factors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0002.
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This chapter is concerned with how atherosclerosis risk is modulated by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. The contribution of genetics to the variability of atherosclerosis risk is estimated as 50%. Recent genome-wide association studies have led to the identification of over 50 gene variants which modulate atherogenesis. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are also partly genetically determined and some of the variants which play a role in atherogenesis overlap with those modulating its risk factors. However, the current relevance of these findings for clinical practice is limited, mainly due to the small effect sizes of identified risk variants with insufficient discriminatory power, and a large portion of the genetic contribution to atherosclerosis is still unknown. The major promise therefore lies in understanding the pathophysiology of newly identified genes with the perspective of novel therapeutic approaches.