Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islam et État – France – Histoire'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Islam et État – France – Histoire.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Telhine, Mohammed. "L'islam et les musulmans en France : une histoire de Mosquées." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0101.
Full textWhen trying to understand the history of Islam in France, the mosque, the most salient symbol of Islam, seems to be a central issue around which policies are developed and much passion and controversy is generated. The mosque has in fact always played a key role in the relation that France has had with Islam and is a kind of indicator of the degree of openness of the society in any given historical period. How did this symbol often se en as a destabilising element to the local French way of life by exacerbating existing tensions, come to be at the heart of the representational problem regarding Islam and France? The permanent settlement of Muslim immigrants, the rise of Islamism and the development of various rivalries between Islamic organisations in France is indicative of the centrality of the mosque when it comes to territorial politics, identity discourse and formation as well as to the strategies of state and organisational control. For this reason the sociology of Islam and the sociology of Muslim immigration in France has also been explored. Faced with the necessity, if not the urgency of having a "community" representative with which it could deal with, the French Republic reactivated its colonial reflexes by deciding to make a break with the supposed "untouchable" law of 9 December 1905 regarding laïcité by creating a representative Muslim body in France (CFCM). The development of a specifically French Islam, now institutionalised, has led to an increasing demand for places of worship including the construction of so called 'Cathedral-Mosques'. These represent a visibility which often comes into conflict with local concerns. This element is also addressed
Cognet, Sandra. "Laïcité et services publics : l'intrusion du religieux venu d'ailleurs." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0637.
Full textChmani, Malika. "L'Islam et le droit musulman des personnes et de la famille à l'épreuve de l'ordre juridique français." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10045.
Full textThe Muslim demands for freedom of worship or for taking into consideration some institutions, have led the French legal order to interfere. Islam having vocation to guide the Muslim in their everyday life, had difficulties to set place into the Republic. A distinction took place in the French law between the personal life and the social life of the Moslem. A conception more "closed" of secularism appeared in the public sphere. It cannot bring in question the efforts previously realized in favor of the exercise of the Muslim cult in France. Furthermore, bringing in question the law of December 9th 1905 to take into account the recently appeared religion is not suitable. The existing legal arsenal is sufficient to reach an equalty of cult with other religions. The reception of the Moslem status in France has been very compromised for some years Archaic et discriminatory institutions cannot find any more effects there. The child and the wife, often injured, deserve the protection of the French legal order. The Moslem norm, as a rule applicable standard, is almost systematically evicted for the benefit of the French law. It is advisable to adapt the rule of conflict to the current reality. Joining the law of the environment of reception is thus more convenient
Bouarouk, Mustapha. "Le mythe de l'État islamique." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100212.
Full textTanguy, Gildas. "Corps et âme de l'État : Socio-histoire de l'institution préfectorale (1880-1940)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010328.
Full textArabacı, Fazlı. "L'organisation religieuse dans la Turquie républicaine : Islam officiel et parallèle." Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0002.
Full textMahdi, Falih. "Les fondements et les mécanismes de l'état en islam : le cas de l'Irak jusqu'à la fin du 4e -10e siècle." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100177.
Full textWhen dealing with a complex subject such as state in Islam one must shed away prejudices concerning the orient in general, Islam especially. These prejudices which mainly represent the orient in terms of despotism (an absolute master over a group of sheep) had been adopted by the literature concerning the Asiatic mode of production (a. M. P. ). The lack of reference to the background of the Islamic state is a handicap to the understanding of its mechanisms. We have therefore analyzed the Mesopotamian law, Babylonian economy, slavery, the role of the temple, etc. We then examined basic structures within the Islamic domain: jurisprudence (especially the problem of the constitution in the Islamic law), politics (the khilafate theory), administration (the function of the prime minister, the judge and the «market controller"), finally the socio-economic structure (social layers, urban economic activities, merchants, craftsmen, industry, peasants, land and land taxes). We conclude that the a. M. P. Theory is not solid enough to help us understand the mechanisms of the Islamic state and that Ibn Khaldun's theory of the tribal solidarity explains only partially the foundation of the state
Flores-Lonjou, Magalie. "Édifices et lieux de culte en droit français." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D021.
Full textThe separation act of december 1905 did not succeed in unifying the legal system of the cultural buildings. Their juridical status depends either on their geographical situation or on the person who owns them. The majority of them are however governed by public laws. Although the act of worship is private, it is always submitted to the public legal entity through the need to safeguard public order or the various subventions allocated to the places of worship. Given the existing disparities and the various modifications to the separation act, it would be necessary for the different confessions in france to have the same treatment with regard to the places of worship. The recognition of the religious phenomenon should also lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the state and the different confessions
Varon, Ari David. "Islam and Europe : reflections on religion state relations by European Muslim intellectuals." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09o02c1ck3i.
Full textHow do Muslims intellectuals in Europe interpret religion state relations? The Ph. D. Dissertation performs a comparative discourse analysis (CDA) of four European Muslim intellectuals as each reflects upon religion state relations. The dissertation studies the multiple interpretations of Islam juxtaposed with the developing religion state relations since the Peace of Westphalia (1648) as well as the coordination between European Muslim communities and state institutions through Islamic policy networks relating to issues of Islam in Europe’s public sphere. The research compares the discourses of for Muslim intellectuals that are prominent in Europe’s public sphere: Bassam Tibi, Tariq Ramadan, Amr Khaled and Yusuf Qaradawi. The CDA compares the four intellectuals in a multi-dimensional framework comprising four categories. First is conceptual; second, institutional surrounding; third, social agenda; fourth, political action and political mobilization prescribed for Muslims in Europe. Studying the discursive presentations of Tibi, Ramadan, Khaled and Qaradawi the research reorganizes the principles of analyzing Islam and Europe opening the possibility of bridging potential obstacles and rigid interpretations of Islam and European identity. The research enlightens the study of religion state relations and the social establishment of Muslim as Europeans over the previous decades. Understanding the perceptions of Islam in Europe as simultaneously influenced by and influencing Europe’s religious discourse could elaborate the future development of European religions state relations for researchers, social organizers and policy makers
Ashworth, Antoinette. "L'école, l'État et la société civile en France depuis le XVIe siècle." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020044.
Full textThe relationship between school, state and civil society in france as from the 16th century may be divided into three periods. From the 16th century until the beginning of the "monarchie de juillet", the state and the civil society act jointly and without distinction on all schools. Schooling activity is organized by the state. It is financed and managed by the civil society. Two types of school coexist, one of which already has some features of a bureaucratic system. From the "monarchie de juillet" until the beginning of the 5th republic, the action of the state and that of the civil society are led in parallel: schooling activity is divided between the state and the civil society. Most of elementary schools, financed and managed by the state, develop bureaucratic characteristics. The civil society which has been eliminated from the state-run schools, acquires a margin of autonomy, set by the state, which enables it to create privately financed and privately managed schools. As from the beginning of the 5th republic, the action of the state extends on private schools which consequently loose a large measure of their specificity. Simultaneously, the exclusive management of the state-run schools by the state and their bureaucratic organisation are strongly contested : there are heavy pressures towards a reappropriation of the state-run schools by the civil society
Hajjat, Abdellali. "Assimilation et naturalisation : socio-histoire d'une injonction d'Etat." Paris, EHESS, 2009. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/les-frontieres-de-l-identite-nationale--9782707169365.htm.
Full textThis thesis investigates the injunction to assimilate in the procedure for acquiring French citizenship between 1927 and 2007. Firstly, l analyze the reasons and the circumstances surrounding which naturalization applicants were first required to be 'assimilated' in order to become French citizens. A socio-historical approach will demonstrate how “assimilation” came to be at once a religious, political and scientific concept and how its various uses and meanings were determined by its circulation in different discursive fields and between the French metropolis and its colonies. The inception of the assimilation requirement in French citizenship law is analyzed with reference to specific social and political configurations in both colonial and metropolitan situations. Secondly, I examine how the administrative bureau responsible for processing naturalization applications gauges candidates' level of “assimilation”. Socio-historical and ethnographic research conducted in local bureaucracy brings into sharp relief the invention and administrative uses of “assimilation” criteria, which are largely determined by historical circumstances, competing administrative approaches, the practices of street-Ievel bureaucrats and the “naturalisability” of the candidates in question. The objective reality of naturalization comes to the fore in cases where candidates have been denied naturalization for failure to 'assimilate' which mainly concern women and/or Muslims. The study of administrative litigation related to the failure to assimilate (défaut d'assimilation) raises issues such as the headscarf, polygamy and Islamic fundamentalism within the naturalization procedure
Lachaud, Magali. "La littérature narrative médiévale et la littérature pour l'enfance et la jeunesse en France à l'époque contemporaine : état des lieux et modes de transmission." Limoges, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIMO2006.
Full textBongrand, Philippe. "La scolarisation des moeurs : socio-histoire de deux politiques de scolarisation, en France, depuis la libération." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0055.
Full textMorgain, Stéphane-Marie. "Unité de corps et exclusion confessionnelle : Théologie et politique chez Pierre de Bérulle (1598-1629)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010595.
Full textCardinal Pierre de Bérulle (1575-1629) is known as the founder of the oratorians, congregation of priests dedicated for the formation of the clergy acording to the council of trente, and for having introduced into France spanish carmelite nuns of Therese of Avila's reformation. His contribution to the politics of Louis XIII is less known. This work proposes from a reading of Bérulle's theolocial texts to develop a vast political project capable of facing up to the challenges of the protestant reformation, of gallicanism and the rebellion of "grands" which engendered the division of the body of the state, and the body of the church. A project perfectly organized which will be supplanted by Richelieu's more realistic vision
Brimo, Sara. "L'Etat et la protection de la santé des travailleurs." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020080.
Full textHaran, Alexandre Yali. "Messianisme politique et rêve impérial en France aux XVIème et XVIIème siècles." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040084.
Full textStudy on the survival of medieval messianic ideas in France at the beginnings of modern times. Our thesis demonstrate the degree of vitality and importance that the notions of universal monarchy, empire and crusade assumed in the 16th and 17th centuries. Three major literary corpus are analyzed: predictions and panegyrics promising universal dominion to French monarchs, juridical treaties establishing the rights of France to the imperial crown, and works demonstrating the realm's supremacy over all other kingdoms of the world. Since the 15th century till the days of Louis 14th, a tradition established on the "religion de Reims" stipulated that the most-Christian kingdom, first catholic realm in the world, was engaged in a privileged alliance with divinity, as biblical Israel. The kingdom was intended to establish its domination on the entire universe unified in the roman faith, and to last till the end of times. This image was particularly cultivated by the disciples of Guillaume Postel. We emphasize in our study the enormous debt which nascent European nationalism owed to the Jewish concept of a nation founded on ethnic ties of blood that had contracted a privileged alliance with god and was invested with a providential mission
Gabillet, Fabien. "La vraie France est au Canada!, les échos de la séparation de l'Église et de l'État de 1905 dans la presse canadienne-française." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57863.pdf.
Full textMejri, Sonia. "Les conceptions et les images de l'Islam et des Arabes dans les manuels scolaires d'histoire en France (1948-2008) : la constitution d'une altérité stéréotypée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS002/document.
Full textThe teaching of the history of Islam of the Arabs as it was conceived in history textbooks in France, between 1948 and 2008, could it constitute an image of the Other one stereotyped ? Does the story conveyed in these textbooks present a distorted and frozen conception of the otherness ? This research is based on one of the most enduring, consistent and universal elements in the school system : the textbook. True object of cultural representation (Choppin, 1980), it is a multiple tool and its responsibilities are numerous. Result of the difficult process of didactic transposition, bringing the cultural object of reference to the taught object, it is source of knowledges, understandings and representations for the pupil. It is also the vector of skills deemed necessary by society and values of social and cultural cohesion that it wants for these future citizens (school programs). It is also a reflection of the state of knowledge of an era and the vision of its history. From these various requests, content choices are then made, autonomously, by textbook authors. Influential tool thus, the textbook is also support for the teacher especially when he has little knowledge over the subject. Although it is complex to know which uses the teachers make it in their classrooms, the latter present to the reading a vision of the Other (not always foreigner) sometimes alter and sometimes alien. Textbook research is therefore an ideal field for exploring how the history of Islam and Arabs is taught in textbooks and its implications for the conception of the Other, through its relationship with the One. Through a corpus of two-hundred and twenty two history textbooks, published between 1948 and 2008, eighty photos, more than a hundred extracts and about ten maps were selected.To include the analysis of textbooks in the field of cultural history makes it possible to bring out the social dimension of this subject, that is to say "the set of collective representations specific to a society" (Ory, 1987). The cultural analysis of representations of Islam and Arabs is then inspired by both studies on the constitution of otherness and textbooks. By linking "closely the study of texts, that of material objects and the uses they engender in society" (Chartier, 1992), a combination of analyzes (quantitative and qualitative) as well as criteria of stereotypy have been established to review these manuals and answer our initial questions.Relations between France and Islam are very old, full of controversy, torment, passions and sharing. They are the result of historical experiences peculiar to this particular relationship and transmit a strong memory, presenting at the same time misunderstandings, reciprocal, and ideals. What separates is more likely to be successful than what brings people together, but could it be that these misunderstandings come from textbooks prone to producing a stereotypical image of the Other in order to reinforce beliefs in a conflict between two worlds?All these intertwined dimensions give this study an original and interesting vision and bring a different perspective on the representation of otherness
Vial, Monique. "Les origines de l'enseignement spécial en France : histoire et enjeux d'une loi scolaire, les racines de la psychologie à l'école (1882-1909)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H055.
Full textFrom sources of the time (educational reviews and congresses, litterature on abnormal children, parlementary documents, records), the thesis examines the validity of traditionally recognized historical constructions, and critical theories of the left, after 1968. It shows : 1) that the creation of special classes in 1909, and the elaboration of the notion of "debilite mentale" by Binet and Simon do not come from a request of the school, related to the compulsory education; 2) that the conflicts observed at that time, concerning abnormal children cannot be reduced to a simple rivality between physicians and psychologists or psychopedagogues; 3) that the creation of special classes is a multiple and contradictory project, which cannot be interpreted in a simple socio-political way. These questions are studied by the author as a special education specialist and in the light of her marxist ideology. Her results tend to show that a new critical approach is possible, based on the analysis of Binet and Simon's researches, and on a confrontation between the notion of "debilite mentale" and the actual treatment of school problems. The thesis concluded with a question about the way history of special education has been written. In particular, it tries to show h ow it is possible that, in France as well as in others countries, the historical models elaborated during more than half a century appear not to coincide with the data collected
Rejalot-Solleau, Françoise. "Les manifestations extérieures du culte catholique dans le diocèse de Bordeaux : 1789-1905." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40039.
Full textA believer deeply needs to show his faith. So, public worship is religiously essential, especially for catholicism. Consequently, it sets the problem of the external manifestations of this worship. Which place in history can they have, and have they? This is the subject of this work, focused on the diocese of bordeaux, studied between 1789 and 1905. Three periods are able to be splitted up. The first one covers the revolutionnary, crisis. It was developped in two steps, in which a stage of special links between the authorities and clerical powers -links of mutual support, then link managed in a coerciver way by temporal powers- gave place to a time of persecutions. The logic of the revolution implied to ban every external signs of religious belonging. Nevertheless, this struggle was never completely successful. During the "concordat", the reinstatement of the cults was kept under control. The good will proved by both sides permitted to get a balance in their relationships. Then, catholics increased their demonstrations, and some religious duties became civil obligations again. This lead to a poles apart reaction. So, between 1800 and 1867, the initial balance was more and more questionned. Between 1868 and 1905, the compromise vanished under the attacks of laicization. Indeed, a first trend searching to give back its freedom to everyone faded in front of an increased hostility to external proofs of catholicism. The 1905 act, still enforced, renewed a question which has always been with us
Caumel, Marie-Julie. "Regards croisés sur l'accordéon classique : un état des lieux de l'enseignement et du répertoire en France et en Russie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE049/document.
Full textInvented in Austria in 1829, the accordion was introduced in France the following year and quickly established in bourgeois salons, before experiencing a boom in the streets and dancing places. Being an entertainment symbol from the beginning of the next century, the accordion then had to leave the intimates spheres in which he evolved and confront his detractors to conquer step by step worlds that were not his. In a first historical part, we came back to the progressive legitimization of the accordion in France, in order to understand how the instrument gradually integrated all the musical spheres and who were the actors of this evolution. If our subject deals mainly with the French accordion, we have nevertheless chosen to partially extend our object of study to Russia because the confrontation of two great schools and two different visions of the instrument seemed pertinent to us for a better understanding of its history. Moreover, if the accordion appeared in Russia shortly after its emergence in France and that it has evolved there in a similar way, the instrument doesn’t seem to have suffered as much from this popular/savant dichotomy. From his integration into an orchestral ensemble by Tchaikovsky in 1883 to his entry in the conservatories of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg in the 1920s, he opened more quickly doors that were still closed in our country. The institutional integration of the accordion marked an important turning point in its history and we have chosen to highlight, in our second chapter, the accordionist Jules Prez, professor of the first accordion class in a French conservatory. Then, we presented the current situation of teaching for the scholar year 2016-2017, in order to observe the current state of the presence of classical accordion in conservatories of metropolitan France. Then, we devoted our third chapter to the study of the evolution of the savant repertoire for accordion in France and in Russia, from the birth of the first original pieces to the present day. Finally, in our last part, we conducted a brief analysis of several pieces for solo accordion, to show the evolution of accordion writing, mainly in the role assigned to the left hand keyboard. While we have of course selected some of the most important literary works, we have also chosen to deal with more unknown or forgotten compositions of the repertoire. This thesis gives precise figures on the current integration of the accordion in the conservatories of metropolitan France, supported by a catalog of nearly two hundred and fifty establishments ; a statistical study on the evolution of the savant repertoire from the composition of the first original pieces for the instrument to the present day, in France and Russia, with a catalog of more than one thousand and three hundred works ; and finally, a series of testimonies by several actors and witnesses of the history of the accordion (composers, concert players, pedagogues and factors)
Benkoula, Sidi Mohamed El Habib. "La mosquée et ses enjeux d'insertion contemporaine dans la ville "non musulmane"." Paris 12, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA123011.
Full textThe large mosque of Paris was built in 1926, that of Mantes-La-Jolie, second mosque of France equiped with a minaret, was built in 1981. Since then, a dozen "visible" mosques have been set up, with or without minarets. The majority of the places of Moslem worship of which the number varies between 1500 and 1700 is represented by rooms of prayer installed under precarious conditions. Their exit of clandestinity as from the years 1980 raises the question of their architectural identification and their urban location according to their situation in a traditional urban fabric (ex: Paris) or in a peripheral district (suburbs). The opposition between the national policies and the local policies lets emerge an obvious dissension around a clear definition of secularity and the possibilities of funding the construction of the places of worship. In addition, the numerous difficulties which accompany the processes of "possible" realization by the places of Moslem worship that the latter are ascribed to the local policies. The instruction of the file of permit building of a mosque can last several decades. This wait-and-see policy of the administrative type is charged to the disunion of the Moslems, to the importance of the requests as regards places of worship and to the hostility of the residents and the authorities. The representations which accompany the public discussion on insertion by the mosques, related to the ignorance of the right by the local Moslems and public decision makers, generate qualified situations of "no-right"
Antin, de Vaillac Dominique d'. "L'invention des Landes : structures et idéologies dans les Landes de Gascogne, XIXème XXème siècles." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40017.
Full textThe "Landes de Gascogne" were perceived during all the XIXth century like a territory escaping the influence from dominant civilisation. How the modern State, with the catches wth the ethnic singularity, could make enter inrepublican order thes populati,ns who were judged in major shift as wellwith manners as with the modes of organosation of the dominant society ? Through the work of construction of the modern "Lanfes" indissociable of the creation of th largest forest in Europe, appears decoupling between social realities. .
Leniaud, Jean-Michel. "L'administration des cultes pendant la période concordataire." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020012.
Full textThe study relates to the french "administration des cultes" during the nineteenth century which, in change of the relation ship between churches and state, within the framework of the concordat, went out when the "loi de la separation" issued. It turns on the typical features of the concordat's law and,in relation with the administrative knowledge, on the evolution of its organisation, its ways of recruitment and career of officials and of their activities. It discusses the works in the offices, especially this in charge of the "edifices diocesains", responsible of the maintenance of the cathedrals, episcopal buildings and priesthood colleges. Finally it points out the originally of this public service characterized by the professional qualities of its officials and by a psychological tense situation because of the religions politics
Bruce, Benjamin. "Governing islam abroad : the Turkish and Moroccan Muslim fields in France and Germany." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0001.
Full textOver the last fifty years, Turks and Moroccans have come to form the two largest diaspora groups in Western Europe, with the largest numbers in Germany and France respectively. The states of origin of these populations have developed a wide variety of policies aimed at their citizens abroad, amongst which Islam has figured prominently. For decades, the official institutions of state religious governance in Turkey and Morocco, the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı) and the Ministry of Habous and Islamic Affairs, have actively engaged in providing support to Muslim groups in France and Germany, from sending imams to directly financing mosques and the associations that run them. This doctoral thesis seeks to respond to the following questions: how and why are Turkey and Morocco able to govern Islam outside of their national boundaries, and what are the consequences for the development of Muslim fields in France and Germany? Based on over one hundred interviews carried out with diplomats, state religious officials, and non-state religious actors in all four countries, this study argues that in contrast to France and Germany, the Turkish and Moroccan states consider religious governance as a distinct domain of public policy. Thanks to diplomatic cooperation and converging interstate interests, both home states have been able to expand their religious activities within transnational Muslim fields. In particular, Turkey and Morocco seek to promote a legal-rational model of religious authority and a national form of Islam, ultimately reinforcing both the position of home state religious institutions and ethno-national boundaries in religious fields abroad
Lantheaume, Françoise. "L'enseignement de l'histoire de la colonisation et de la décolonisation de l'Algérie depuis les années trente : État-nation, identité nationale, critique et valeurs : essai de sociologie du curriculum." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0022.
Full textButon, François. "Les corps saisis par l'Etat : l'éducation des sourds-muets et des aveugles au XIXe siècle : contribution à la socio-histoire de l'Etat, 1789-1885." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://books.openedition.org/pur/100281.
Full textBased on the case of deaf-mute and blind people in the nineteenth century, the thesis treats the processes by which the state has contributed to the construction of society. More precisely, three linked processes are studied : the birth and strengthening of the cognitive category "sensorial disabled" ; the making of the collective identities of deaf-mute and blind social groups, in particular through the production of identifying attributes (sign langage, braille alphabet) ; the structuration and institutionalization of the education of blind and deaf-mute children as a specific social activity. Through a socio-historical analysis which takes into account the general process of constructing the bureaucratic state, the thesis highlights some of the forms by which administrative agents and institutions, speaking in the name of the state, act upon society
Bonte, Pierre. "L'emirat de l'adrar : histoire et anthropologie d'une societe tribale du sahara occidental." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0083.
Full textThe adrar emirate is one of the four emirates settled in mauriatnia since the end of the xviith century. This monographic study combinates the approaches and methods of history and anthropology. In the first part we analyze the categories of the pre-emiral society and the foundations of the emirate. In the second part are described the constitution and political and social organization of the adrar emirate. In the third part we study the evolution, during the xixth century of the "civil society", impregnated of the islamic values. The fourth part discusses with the french colonial conquest. The object of this thesis is to contribute towards studying the political formations of tribal, pastoral and nomadic saharan societies
Bouquet, Jacques. "Clercs et lai͏̈cs dans les nouvelles organisations catholiques du diocèse de Poitiers (1905-1939)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30013.
Full textThe introduction presents a theme based on the simple observation of a situation : the separation of the Church and the State, confirmed by the vote of the 1905 law, initiated a real disruption for the catholic church. In order to remedy this situation which was considered as harmful to a majority of the members of the Clergy, new organizations were born, run by clerics and laymen. The theme of the thesis consists of analyzing the relationships between these people in the diocese of Poitiers. This analysis enables the reader to understand their reactions, which have been scarcely studied so far. The first part presents the demographic, economical, political and religious situation of the diocese of Poitiers, in its two departments : Vienne and Deux-Sèvres. The next part of the thesis focuses on the organizations dea1ing with the religious defence, the social problem, the press publications, the family and the youth, the associations and the insurance companies. This analysis brings to the fore four essential facts : - The peculiarity of the diocese of Poitiers concerning the press and the teachers unions. - The tense relationships between clerics and laymen. - The rising part played by women in the organizations. - The different features of the diocese varying from one place to another
Molina, Betancur Carlos Mario. "La réforme de la loi Falloux." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020054.
Full textAllel, Samir. "Les relations entre les Conseils Régionaux du Culte Musulman et les Collectivités territoriales : analyse de l’organisation locale du culte musulman et de son rapport au politique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0143.
Full text''Islam has its place at the table of the Republic". This quote used by Jean Pierre Chevènement, French Home Secretary of the Jospin government fit into a general debate over the position of Islam and more particularly of local Islam in the French society. The issue of the place of Islam in France and of its daily expression on a local scale has become a recurring problem and some events such as the Toulouse shootings, involving Mohamed Merah, made the "political Islamism" ghost reappear. We have to to go beyond passion in order to understand local Islam in France through the regional Muslim Councils that are supposed to be preferred representatives of public authorities. The goal is to understand the complexity of Islam in France. That is the reason why it was considered interesting to dedicate this research to this issue with the experience of a citizen observing Islam in France. Islam in France as topic was too large to discuss and treat. We were interested in a topic that take root in Islam, in its temporal and institutional aspects. The polemic that the representation of Islam provoked was a push to know more, especially in the city of Avignon. We would like to understand the impact and dimension of the symbolic value of such an institutionalization of Islam. A historic meeting between Islam and Republic seems to happen right before our eyes. It is important to say that most of researches barely treated die organization of the Muslim religion on a local scale. The main objective is to measure in quantitative and qualitative terms the practical action of the French Council of Muslim Faith (CFCM), taking into account its primary missions related to the representation and protection of the Muslim faith. This research also has as an objective to comprehend in a better way the relationship between regional Muslim Councils and local elected representatives. It is particularly interesting to note that for ten years, Islam as a social fact invited itself on cities agendas in the form of files dealing with mosque, Muslim cemetery areas, head scarfs, or more recently halal meals in public schools. All of which are among issues that elected representatives have to deal with and they are not always prepared or legally armed to resolve them. Do the elected Muslim interlocutors have a real representativeness next to the elected members of local authorities (mayors, local council presidents. . . ) or are they just another interlocutor that emphasizes the heterogeneity of j the local Islamic landscape? The lack of hierarchy and the diversity of schools of thought have made it hard for Islam to structure itself and to gain acknowledgement. The nature of the Muslim community, divided and split up is an obstacle to the organization and recognition of Islam by the institutions. As some are demanding for a readjustment of the December 9th 1905 Act, dealing with the separation of State and religions, this study is intended to enlighten with a new outlook the interaction between religious communities and local authorities in a lay State context and in a widely secularized society. This thesis is a contribution to define the real connection between Islam in non Muslim country such as France and secularism felt and used by local elected representatives. It is a way to address citizenship and to address the failure by the Republic to recognize some as full-fledged citizens
Jaudon, Bruno. "Les compoix de Languedoc (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle) : pour une autre histoire de l'État, du territoire et de la société." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30054/document.
Full textThe Languedoc compoix are, for medieval and modern times, the forerunners of actual land registers. Prior to the French Revolution, they were potentially used as fiscal tools by each one of the Province 2700 former municipalities. This documentary source has been widely used by historians, at first by Albert Soboul and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie for economic and social investigations. But the own history of the compoix has never been written before. However it acts as a prism able to show a lot of facets in ancient Languedoc political, institutional and social life evolutions – and this nearly over five centuries. As they were created to distribute the land tax between taxpayers, the compoix constitute an observation point of the way a provincial society puts up with the State development. They were elaborated to identify the landowners and they crystallize many stakes in the sociability of urban and rural communities. As they were carried out by listing land plots and the nature of their land use, they talk about space such as we all visualize it, and deal about the evolving conception of territories. The compoix are the transceivers of the slow, deep and sometimes jerky changes in the ancient societies, which ordered to make these registers. The Languedoc only constitutes a convenient vantage point to gaze at the French Kingdom internal building, by developing the State, its administration, its institutions and finally its relationships with local populations and territories under its authority
Michon, Cédric. "La Crosse et le Sceptre : les prélats d'Etat sous François Ier et Henri VIII." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA3006_1.pdf.
Full textOne can observe a striking implication of French and English prelates' in Renaissance France and England. The aim of this thesis is to prove that the prelates active in the royal govemment and administration constitute an informal institution active in all the areas of the State. They constitute what can be labelled the State prelates, that is to say, the prelates devoting most of their activities to the service of the State. There are about thirty in each kingdom. These State prelates constitute the third piIlar of the French and English Monarchy, with the courtiers and the bureaucrats. They ensure explorations of new paths in the study, of the domestic or bureaucratie nature of the monarchy. This work is dedicated to this original elite, closed, sterile, costless, constituted by doctors and gentlemen, heirs and upstarts and subject to the double authority of king and papacy
Audet, Gosselin Louis. "LE PROJET ZACA ET SES SUITES (OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO, 2001 À NOS JOURS) : Marginalisation, résistances et reconfigurations de l'islam ouagalais." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25297/25297.pdf.
Full textTuffery-Andrieu, Jeanne-Marie. "Le Concile national en 1797 et en 1801 : l'utopie d'une église républicaine." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20062.
Full textIn France, after the promulgation of the law of separation of the Church from the State, 21 february 1795, the Constitutional Church had to be reorganised. The new Gallican Church, at the top of which is Gregoire, want to provide the Church with an external structure reviewed, in accordance with the new republican principles and with the tridentine decrees. The first national council, which opened 15 august 1797. At their closing meeting, 12 november 1797, the members of the council were invited to held regularly synods and councils, while was set at Paris a permanent committee. The churchmen in various places displayed a lot of activities. In 1801, the permanent committee took the decision of meeting a second national council. The congregation so convoked met 29 june. Actually the Concordat put an early end to the meetings of the council and a death-blow to the national council
Massiani, Marie-Geneviève. "La Croix et le régime de Vichy (de juin 1940 à novembre 1942)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040104.
Full textThis study means to describe how a tragic era, short, yet eventful, was looked by a daily newspaper of a “classical" form of Catholicism, i. E. Submissive to church hierarchy and rather conservative in political terms, and as such representative of most French Catholics. The topic requires constant background recalling of the historical events of the years 1940 to 42, which La Croix focused and commented upon. Men, ideas, facts are perceived and guessed at through what the newspaper wrote - and remained silent about. The decisive part played by censorship needs to be dwelt upon as it gave La Croix a twofold aspect: both the medium of texts imposed upon them by the powers-that-be, hence an instrument of propaganda, and the closely watched and heavily censored mouthpiece of the editorial staff trying to voice their own opinions. What was La Croix able to say, what were they compelled to say- and to hush up about the turnarounds and dramas which were the aftermath of defeat? About the French state, its head, and its program? About the reversal of diplomatic positions, about collaboration with Germany? About anti-semitic persecution? About the subservience and the silence of the catholic hierarchy? Did the fact that the newspaper was kept under strict control contribute to enlightening or misleading their readers? Was it eventually beneficial or compromising for the cause of the church and Catholics in France?
Huang, Shu-Lin. "La promotion de la peinture de paysage en France, de Roger de Piles à la création du grand prix de Rome de paysage historique (1708-1817) : théoriciens, amateurs, peintres & État." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010513.
Full textRio, Patrick. "Population et religion catholique dans les paroisses d'Ille-et-Vilaine de 1789 a 1815." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20014.
Full textFirst, we wanted to reestimate the weight of the religious fact in the building of "l'esprit public" of the rural inhabitants of the Ille-et-Vilaine. So, the sudden change of population first favourable toward revolution, become more comprehensible. In fact there was a bad listening of the rurals. Revolutionnariste made confusion between a reformist spirit and a revolutionnarist one. A study of the "cahiers de doleances de la senechaussee de Rennes", has convinced us that people were generally moderate. Principally, because of the municipality’s registrars, we could look at the hiatus between political national evolutions and their assimilation in the rural spaces. The study has convinced us that "Ille-et-Vilaine", in 1789, there wasn't any fatality for acceptation or reject of the revolution. Revolutionnarists couldn't or didn't want to hear the ambiguous waitings of the ruralunhabitants, who wanted to keep liberty for religion. A big rupture was born from this reciprocal incomprehension. We have chosen to study these important points of Ille-et-Vilaine's history : the first municipal elections, the "constitution civile du clerge", the republican religions and dechristianisation under terreur and modalities of concordat, what has incited us to reduce the importance of apolitical fact only national. We get two conclusions : that religion is something about identity of the rural communities, and its high capacity to transcender the political oppositions
Ayad-Bergounioux, Soulef. "Bourgeoisie de Robe et esprit d'État : genèse sociale et historique de la domination symbolique institutionnalisée (1775-1815)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010616.
Full textNeveux, François. "Villes episcopales de normandie : etudes d'histoire sociale (quatorzieme et quinzieme siecles)." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1111.
Full textBayeux and lisieux are two former roman towns which became episcopal towns in the middle ages. They experienced a momentary growth in the eleventh or in the twelfth century. From the thirteenth century, they became small ecclesiastical towns. Bayeux built up an amazing system of eighteen parishes (compared with only three at lisieux). Both these towns had a residential area, inhabited by clerics and bourgeois, located in the former roman city. The poor areas were excluded outside the walls of the town. In the fourteenth and the fifteenth century, the population was reduced to three or four thousand inhabitants. At lisieux, the count-bishop exercised a dominating power. At bayeux, the bishop and the chapter had to conform with the royal authority, represented by the viscount. This was even more true (like at lisieux) during the english occupation. In the laic society, the bourgeois were revived at the end of the middle ages. At lisieux, where a new enclosure had been built, they managed in establishing a town government organization. The bourgeois grew richer by the farming of the taxes or the clergy's possessions. They aspired to careers as royal or episcopal officiers. They dreamt of reaching the ranks of the noble class. Some succeeded and acquired rural fiefs. The economy of both these towns was rather limited. However, the world of trades at lisieux was more dynamic : it was successfull in establishing structures. Bayeux and lisieux exercised their influence on small regions (such as bessin on one hand, pays d'auge and lieuvin on the other hand) but that one did not stretch beyond a distance of fifteen kilometers of the surrouding area
Gabillet, Fabien. "La vraie France est au Canada! les échos de la séparation de l'Église et de l'État de 1905 dans la presse canadienne-française." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28548.
Full textTriaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Full textThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
Lavoie, Bertrand. "La foi musulmane et la laïcité en France et au Québec, entre régulation publique et négociation quotidienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020019.
Full textThe overall goal of the dissertation is to analyze the relation to religious norms and state law regarding the question of the wearing of muslim religious symbols. This socio-legal research follows results from 50 interviews done with persons who wear muslim religious symbols and work (or consider working) at the same time for the french and quebec states. The two legal contexts shows dissension regarding the regulation of religious symbols in public institutions. Empirical results shows different strategies of action and interpretation of state and religious norms, a human legal agency, where the rational autonony of the weaerer is the central element in the relation to norms
Guilbaud, Mathilde. "L'Eglise catholique et la loi de séparation dans les diocèses de Meaux et de Versailles, 1905-1914." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30064.
Full textAt the beginning of the century, the catholic Church is on the defensive in the dioceses of Meaux and Versailles, which are located in a Parisian area characterized by religious indifference. In 1905, the law of separation is voted, as a continuation of the process of secularization initiated in the 1880s. Identified as an act of oppression, the law is rejected by the clergy. But the implementation of the law does not cause disturbances. Clergy and local authorities express their willingness to appease, while worship continues with great continuity. The law leads to a great impoverishment for the Church, especially due to pie X's refusal of forming "associations cultuelles". Nevertheless the Church not only survives, but experiences revival. The two dynamic bishops appointed to the seats of Versailles only survives, but experiences (Mgr Gibier) and Meaux (Mgr Marbeau) turn to good account the new freedom of the Church, leaning on the movements of laymen and works, causing the development of a first "Action catholique"
Fourtage, Laure. "Et après ? : une histoire du secours et de l'aide à la réinsertion des rescapés juifs des camps nazis (France 1943-1948)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H056.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis focuses on the history of relief and rehabilitation aid to Jewish survivors of Nazi camps in France in the immediate aftermath of WWII. Until now, historiography has been mainly concerned with capturing the return of the deportees. In this context, the Lutetia, a Parisian luxury hotel transformed into a reception center in April 1945 often seems to summarize the efforts made by both the state and various associations to help them. Therefore, the fundamental question of the reintegration of Jewish survivors in French society was left unanswered. What became, in France, of the surviving minority of the targets of the Nazi extermination policy? How were they to find a “normal” life after losing loved ones and property, in a country whose rulers had contributed to the anti-Jewish policy of the German occupiers? This thesis intends to answer these questions by studying the public and private measures that benefited the Jewish survivors of the camps and their families. Without neglecting representations of the deportation, this research is resolutely turned towards the practices of contemporaries. In addition, it falls within a relational approach, emphasizing the interactions between public authorities and private organizations. Finally, this manuscript offers an open-ended reading of the relationship between the state and the society, from the point of view of both the population and the organizations considered. This thesis has the ambition, through the Nazi camps survivors, to contribute to a better understanding of the potential, implementation or non-application of a relief and rehabilitation aid policy to vulnerable populations victimized by trauma
Ainouche, Azzedine. "L'administration française et l'organisation officielle du culte musulman en Algérie coloniale, 1830-1907 : contribution à une étude des rapports Islam et politique en Algérie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32035.
Full textIn the spite of the solemn promise made by bourmont at the algiers surrender in july 1830 to respect the property and the religion of the algerian moslems, the french colonial welfare in algeria soon turned to be brutal when dealing with the religions matters of islam (structures and property). Thus, it did not conform to its neutrality as far as religion is concerned. Owing to the fact that the foreign rules ignored the religions structures inherited from the algiers regency, altogether with their unsteady colonial government, the results of revolutionary changes that upset france herself, the french colonial policy in algeria appears to be hesitating. However, it is characterised by an overwhelming tendancy to seize the property called (habus) and the rule over islam in algeria. Very much attached to a religion that ignores any notion of separation from politics moslem people to demonstrate in various ways their hostility to the exactions commited against their cult which passed from relative autonomy (regency period) to absolute subordination to a government that did not share their cread. Yet, the moslems will put up with these conditions, till the disestablishment of the churches act (1907) was pursued by an enactment issued for the purpose of the colony. This measure met with considerable disapproval on behalf of the moslem elites (both religious and political) who endeavoured to entertain relationships in statu-quo with the colonial authorities
Poublanc, Sébastien. "Compter les arbres : une histoire des forêts méridionales à l'époque moderne." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20009.
Full text1661: during the establishment of the "Paper Monarchy" (i.e. administrative monarchy), when most judicial texts were rewritten and the Royal administration rationalized, Louis XIV and Colbert launched a general reformation of the forestland in the Kingdom. For more than two decades, commissioners were sent to each forestall district in order to reform them, thus providing a "snapshot" of the forestall life of the time. In the southern area of the Kingdom, the main actor of the reformation (1665-1673) was Louis de Froidour. Within a few years, he had travelled all around the great mastery of Toulouse and made over 1,000 forest maps and surveying reports. The religions and secular communities, nobles and landlords who owned plants or forestlands under a co-seigneury with the King, were forced to provide the reformation Court with the supporting documents of their claims. Once the reports were made, the files were archived, indexed and recopied to form a database. Thus marked and centralized, they stood as a domination tool the State used to act upon the Southern populations: it was the beginning of an age of a staked-out, mapped and known space. Studying the archives of the period allows the historicization of the tripartite relationship between the southern populations, the forestlands and public power. Far from matching the traditional image of a space devoid of any administration whatsoever, the archives studied revealed such structures were not new and offered an opportunity to understand how the management of the silva was reorganized
Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul. "Entre le marché et l'Etat, les agents de change : une socio-histoire économique de l'intermédiation officielle à la bourse de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0110.
Full textBetween the Market and the State: the Agents de Change. A Historical Economic-Sociology of the Official Stockbrokers at the Paris Stock Exchange. The doctoral dissertation offers a historical economic-sociology of the official stockbrokers at the Paris stock exchange -the agents de change, until their disappearance in 1988. This study gives us a revealing insight of the relations between the State and the market. Where the State still has major interests in monitoring financial intermediation, through legal or informal delegation of powers ; where private actors already thrive in exploiting de jure or de facto monopolistic positions. The first part of the dissertation analyses the constitution into a guild ("une corporation") of the official stockbrokers' group during the nineteenth century. The second part examines the results of this corporative organisation on the way the agents de change ran their businesses in the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies. In so doing, the study reveals the prerequisite for entrepreneurship. The third part describes the international and macroeconomic dynamics which contributed in the new rise of transnational financial activities as early as the nineteen-sixties. At the dawn of the nineteen-eighties, in France, this combination of international as well as national trends lead, to the renewal of the Paris stock exchange as a crucial institution of French capitalism. The fourth part shows the effects of the financial deregulation on the agents de change and their guild. The fifth and last part documents the disappearance of the agents'guild 10 the late runeteen-eighties. By the end of the dissertation, it appears that deregulated financial markets have not reduced the very ambiguities of financial activities. Indeed financial activities still involve general interest too much for the State to abandon them to private agents. But deregulation and privatizations have dispossessed the State from its traditional means to monitor financial activities and their professionals
Papet, Philippe. "Cléricaux et anticléricaux dans l'arrondissement de Senlis, 1870-1914." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040040.
Full textThe district of Senlis both a manufacturing area, in the Oise valley, and a farming area, on the plains of Valois and those of Thelle, is very early characterized by its mild religious practice. The patient reconquest of souls undertaken by the diocesan authorities since the restauration of the episcopal seat of Beauvais in 1822 leads, in 1880, to some passing successes : the religious congregations are in charge of a great part of the primary state school teaching and supervise the main secondary schools (Saint Vincent in Senlis, Saint Joseph in Pont Sainte Maxence) ; the network of confraternities and charities are becoming denser in the parishes ; the local pilgrimages (Montmelian, Liesse) are more and more popular. The measures of laicization taken by the republican and radical governments imperil this attempt at gaining ground. The anticlerical attacks, baked by the masonic lodges, the branches of freethinkers and the republican cantonal committees, are greeted with firm opposition. The episcopal mandates denounce the laicization of the years 1880 to 1882 and, later, the separation of church and state in 1905. The resistance to the inventories of 1906 is strong in a good number of parishes. Deprived since 1905 of the influence they exerted via private school teaching, the Catholics develop social work and reworks of brotherhood
Ruiz, Emilien. "Trop de fonctionnaires ? : contribution à une histoire de l'État par ses effectifs (France, 1850-1950)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0068.
Full textAspecter has haunted reforms of the state for the past several decades: the number of civil servants. Under increasing political and media attention in recent years, the number of government employees has long been a blind-spot of research in the social sciences. It is as iftwo persistent and contradictory assumptions were taken as evident: on the one hand, that France has too many civil servants, and on the other, that the state itself is unable to count its employees. This Ph. D thesis proposes to take seriously the question of the number of state employees by contributing to a history of the French state in terms of its workforce from 1850 to 1950. Through the simultaneous analysis of the calculation of the number of public employees, its use by contemporaries, an the development of public policy, this research serves a twofold purpose. It is, first, to examine the appropriateness applying the concept of "government by the numbers" to the question of the number of civil servants. This deconstruction of statistical work and its political uses should then allow us to situate quantitative material among the relevant sourc that constitute the history of the modern state. In short, we propose a rereading of the process of administrativ development through the prism of the number of civil servants