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Journal articles on the topic 'Islam, russia (federation)'
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1
Giniyatullina, Lyutsiya S. "International Scientific Congress “XVIII Faizkhanov Readings” on the topic “Islam in Russia: past, present, future”." Golden Horde Review 10, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.935-938.
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On November 1–2, 2022, the International Scientific Congress “XVIII Faizkhanov Readings: Islam in Russia: Past, Present, Future” was held in Moscow. The congress was timed to coincide with the 1100th anniversary of the official adoption of Islam by the peoples of the Volga Bulgaria, the Year of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of Russia and the 15th anniversary of the Medina Publishing House. The participants of the XVIII Faizkhanov readings were religious figures, representatives of research institutes, statesmen and public figures from Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Russia. The organizers were: Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Russian Federation, Moscow Islamic Institute, Center for Islamic Studies of St. Petersburg State University, Press Service of the Spiritual Muslim Board of the Russian Federation. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences was one of the co-organizers of the Congress. Issues of the history of the material culture of Islam, written monuments of Islam, the history of Islam in archival sources were discussed within the framework of the Congress. The participants shared the results of their research on the history of Islam in Russia, discussed a wide range of issues on the history of Islam in international relations, the current situation and prospects for the development of the Muslim community in Russia. Employees of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences made presentations at seven sections. In the section “Islam from the Bulgar State to the Russian Empire” the staff of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates also made reports.
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Savicheva, Elena Mikhailovna. "“Religion Carries Out a Very Important Mission...”. Interview with Damir Mukhetdinov, First Vice-Chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims (SAM) of the Russian Federation." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-4-702-712.
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Damir Mukhetdinov got his higher education at the Institute of Arabic Language of Umm al-Qura University in Mecca (Saudi Arabia). Then he graduated from the Department of International Relations of Nizhny Novgorod State University and got a master’s degree, then - PhD (Political Science). He is the first deputy chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation, a member of the Presidium of the Council of Muftis of Russia, a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, rector of the Moscow Islamic Institute, professor of St. Petersburg State University, a member of the Commission on Improving Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation, a member of the working group of the Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation, a member of the Public Council of the Federal Agency for Nationalities. He was awarded the medals of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European part of Russia “For Merit” and “For Spiritual Unity”; by Mufti Ravil Gainutdin decree was awarded the highest award of Muslims of Russia - the Order of Honor “Al-Fakhr”, the Order of Muslims of Russia “For Merit”. The interview comprehends the role of Islam in the modern world, including its role in maintaining peace and stability in regions of Islam. Particular attention is paid to cooperation and development of relations between the Russian Federation and the Eastern countries, including the CIS states, through religious channels. Damir Mukhetdinov emphasizes the importance of improving Islamic education in Russia, as well as the development of such scientific areas as Oriental studies, Islamic studies, Theology.
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Rozkošová, Zuzana, and Ľubomír Čech. "Seeking a Place for Islam in Post-Soviet Russia." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 14 (December 29, 2021): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2021.1.11.
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One of the main characteristics of the post-Soviet transformation was the religious resurgence. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the post-Soviet Islamic revival in the 1990s. The awakening of Islam and seeking the place for Muslims in the society significantly influenced the formation of today’s Russian Federation. The authors examine the factors that influenced the role of Islam in newly created post-Soviet Russia and the federal government’s response to its dynamics. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the Islamic revival after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The second chapter is focused on the Kremlin’s reaction to new radical movements that emerged during the Islamic awakening and the separatist sentiments in Russia’s Muslim regions. Using the qualitative research method, the authors drew a conclusion that Islamic radicalisation in post-Soviet Russia was caused by several external and internal factors. The political developments in the Russian Federation between the second half of the 1990s and the early 21st century were characterised by restrictions on religious freedom and consolidation of federalism.
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Ierusalimskiy, Yu Yu, and A. B. Rudakov. "World Russian People’s Council and Interreligious Council of Russia: New Formats of Interreligious and Interethnic Dialogue in Post-Soviet Russia at Turn of 20th — 21st Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-355-370.
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The article is devoted to the study of the role of the World Russian People’s Council and the Interreligious Council of Russia in establishing interfaith dialogue in post-Soviet Russia. The speeches of delegates at council meetings and sessions of the World Russian People’s Council are analyzed. The importance of interfaith dialogue at the site of the World Russian People’s Council was confirmed by the participation of the highest clergy and clergy of different confessions of the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States at the cathedral meeting “Russia: the path to salvation” (1998). The importance of the agreement on the establishment of the Interreligious Council of Russia (1998) for the representation in it of the “traditional religions” of the Russian Federation: Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism is noted. The assessments of publicists and researchers in relation to the Interreligious Council of Russia, including critical ones, are given. It is noted that the interaction of the Russian Orthodox Church with representatives of other confessions continued at the 5th and 6th World Russian People’s Councils in 1999 and 2001. The conclusions indicate that the activities of the World Russian People’s Council and the Interreligious Council of Russia at the turn of the XX—XXI centuries showed the importance of cooperation and respectful relations between representatives of Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and other confessions.
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Potulski, Jakub. "Islam i ZSRR. Polityka Bolszewików wobec muzułmanów w okresie kształtowania się państwa radzieckiego." Cywilizacja i Polityka 15, no. 15 (October 26, 2017): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5469.
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One of the most important issues of the Russia statehood is a problem of stability and internal integrity. A characteristic feature of Russian state is the wide variety of ethnic and religious. Since the XVI century and Since the conquest of Kazan by the Russian army in the tsarist state were large communities of Muslims. In contemporary Russian Federation Islam is an important part of social life and cultural more than forty ethnic groups including Tatars and Bashkirs. The Russian authorities are looking for ways to arrange relationship between the State and followers of Islam. Since 1991, the Russian Federation has experienced the revival of religious values, including the revival of the historic traditions of Islam and its cultural values. The continuous increase in the number of Muslims, as well as the increasing activities of socio - political groups ,for which Islam is an important element of identity, are considered to be one of the most significant challenges for the modern Russian State. This article aims to explore a historical evolution of state – Muslims relationship in Russia, especially during the Bolshevik revolution. The historical analysis aims at a deeper understanding of the historical background which is the basis for the analysis and explanation of the present phenomena.
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Yemelianova, Galina M. "Sufism and Politics in the North Caucasus." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 4 (December 2001): 661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120102138.
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After the collapse of communism in Russia, which is the home of more than 14 million Muslims, there has been an Islamic revival that has been part of the process of political and intellectual liberalization of society. The major Islamic enclaves of the Russian Federation are located in the Volga-Urals, the North Caucasus, and central Russia. Russian Muslims are concentrated in the eight autonomous republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Ingushetia, Dagestan, and Chechnya. Most Muslims belong to theHanafi madhhab(the juridical school) of Sunni Islam, although Dagestani and Chechen Muslims adhere to theShafii madhhabof Sunni Islam. There is also a small Shia community in southern Dagestan. A large number of Dagestanis, as well as Chechens and Ingushes, profess Sufism—a mystical form of Islam, which is also known as parallel Islam.
7
Čech, Ľubomír. "ISLAM AND ITS REFLECTION IN RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics 6, no. 31 (November 30, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.31.2021.78-86.
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When it comes to Islam in general, there is a growing interest in its specific characteristics and practices in all spheres of society. The same applies to academic discussions and communities in the Russian Federation. In the first part of this paper, we analyse the Islamic revival in Russia. The second and the third parts present our analysis of scientific literature carried out on the basis of the Web of Science databases as well as major research areas and selected aspects of contemporary discourse.
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Stopczyński, Andrzej. "The Arab Spring – Implications for the Russian Federation." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.21.09.
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The Arab Spring led to a major transformation of political systems of the region’s most countries; an increase in the significance of radical Islam in the political life; a degradation of the security environment. In addition, changes in the region’s economy cannot be overlooked. The events connected with the Arab Spring gave the Russian Federation completely new challenges. The country has to yet again define the character of its relations with Muslim countries and adapt its foreign policy to the new post-revolutionary reality. The Arab Spring also represents a challenge for Russia in its internal affairs.
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Kończak, Izabela. "Polygyny Amongst Muslims in the Russian Federation." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.21.10.
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Polygynous families had been living legally in Russia in the areas inhabited by Muslims from the October Revolution to the mid-twentieth century. However, such a family model was not common among the followers of Islam. An act penalizing bigamy or polygamy was introduced into the Penal Code in 1960. During perestroika, and later changes in the political system, imams who came from abroad began to visit areas inhabited by Muslims. They contributed to the rebirth of religion and promoted the idea of polygamy. Polygyny is the visible sign of dissimilarity and Muslim identity and was an important point in their teaching. In this context the number of polygynous relationships in Russia has increased significantly. The article is dedicated to the analysis of social and political discourse in Russia that has been taking place for several years.
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Pochta, Yuriy M. "Religion and Politics in the Post-Soviet Russia (Example of Islam)." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 620–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-4-620-632.
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In the article, the author uses the example of Islam to examine the interconfessional relations, developing in the Russian Federation in the context of return of religion and religious beliefs to public life (revival of religion). This process affects both institutional aspects (evolution of the state’s federal structure, political system, formation of civil society) and value aspects of religion, such as its influence on the political culture of society, ideology of federalism and change in the content of secularism of the state. J. Habermas’ theory of deliberative democracy, the concepts of post-secular society and federalism, as well as the civilizational approach are used as the methodological base of the research. The author justifies his conclusion about the necessity to ensure respect for religious values while preserving the secular nature of the Russian state as an asymmetric Federation.
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Mukhametshin, R. M., and Sh R. Kashaf. "The legacy of Muslim theologians in the focus of historical analysis of the adaptation of the Islamic legal system to Russian realities." Minbar. Islamic Studies 15, no. 4 (January 9, 2023): 763–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2022-15-4-763-794.
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The article deals with historical development of the theological heritage of the Muslim peoples of Russia. Authors attempt to identify features specific to the formation of theological and legal Islamic thought. They research the activity of the important centres of Islamic scholarship in Russia, mainly the Northern Caucasus and the Ural-Volga region. The results reveal the successful adaptation of the legal system as developed for centuries within the framework of the Russian Muslim community as “the northern outpost of the Islamic world” to the realities of modern life. Modern times bring challenges to the spiritual security of the Russian Federation. Among them is global terrorism, as well as attempts to implant ideology historically and traditionally alien to the country into the religious communities of Russia as well as the Islamic Ummah. Within this context, the fatwa-making activity of the Russian muftis is of great importance. Having implemented the theological and legal heritage of Islamic thought into the modern spiritual practice of the Russia's Muslim community, spiritual leaders who stand on the position of moderate Islam have issued and continue the tradition to issue fatwas (decisions). These fatwas are aimed at preserving spiritual integrity, religious values, morality and compliance with religious prescriptions traditional for Islam in Russia. The system of Islamic education as formed in Russia based on unified methodological approaches, which should contribute to training Islamic theologians in Russia.
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Alzamova, Leila, and Azat Akhunov. "In Search of 'Traditional Islam' in Tatarstan." Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 11–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2019.6.1.11.
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After the communist ideology collapsed at the end of the last century, it began to be replaced gradually in most countries of the former Socialist Bloc by Islamic values. In response, secular communities have developed the concept of ‘traditional’ (good) Islam. The authorities of Russia and Tatarstan have kept up with this global trend. Official religious structures have historically taken the form of spiritual administrations of Muslims (muftiates) in the Russian Federation. They are trying to flesh out the idea of ‘traditional Islam’ at the behest of state authorities by suggesting domestic ‘Islamic traditions’ for each region to be preserved and others to be dispensed with. This article traces the evolution of how the phenomenon of ‘traditional Islam’ has been interpreted from the 1990s to 2018 in the Republic of Tatarstan, using a wide range of sources in Tatar and Russian, including personal interviews by the authors with leaders of the Tatar Muslim community, as well as field research in the districts and cities of the Republic.
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Demidenko, Sergey V., Sergey B. Margulis, and Roman I. Fainshmidt. "The Spread of the Post-Industrial Islamism in the Russian Federation." RUDN Journal of Political Science 24, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-4-665-685.
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Radical Islam as a political phenomenon has undergone significant changes during the first decades of the 21st century. This process was accompanied, firstly, by the strengthening unification trends in the ideological field, and secondly, by the development of a specific “Jihadi Cool” subculture that combined the features of the consumer society (modern music, stylish clothes, Islamic merch, youth magazines, etc.) and jihadist agenda. These factors, in combination, form a new version of religious radicalism - post-industrial Islamism, which poses a significant threat to international security. Questions regarding the degree and the nature of post-industrial Islamism in the Russian Federation have not yet been scrutinized in academic literature. The article is the first attempt to understand this problem, which exists in a complex socio-economic and ethno-confessional environment of Russia. The theoretical framework of the study was the works of leading domestic Islamic scholars dealing with the problems of Islamic radicalism. In the indicated paradigm, the authors made an attempt to give their own definition of radical Islam, to identify the characteristic features of the phenomenon, to separate religious extremism from fundamentalism. Work with the empirical base was carried out through the methods of descriptive statistics, as well as the use of qualitative and quantitative content analysis. It was made on the basis of Google Trends data, cross-checked through the Wordstat.yandex system. In conclusion, the team of authors came to conclusions regarding the spread of post-industrial Islamism in Russia. There is an increase in the activity of radicals in the Internet space, their work to expand the base of support for the movement, based on knowledge of the algorithms of social networks. Also, elements of the ‘jihadi cool’ have been identified too. It is important to note that all the trends listed above originated outside the Russian Federation and were borrowed by the radicals. In general, this only confirms the idea of the peripheral nature of Russian Islamic radicalism, which throughout its history has been an alien element on the national ethno-cultural environment.
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Nasibullov, K. I., N. U. Barieva, S. Y. Zyazin, and Z. M. Bairova. "Topical issues of Islamic psychology in Russia." Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-4-866-878.
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The article contains a summary of the materials of the Second All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Islam: Psychological Stability is the Basis of Personal and Social Well-Being”. Devoted to the problems and prospects of the development of Islamic psychology as an applied science in the Russian Federation. Among the main issues were topics related to the deliberate choice of the religion of Islam, the definition of Muslim identity in modern society. A special place was occupied by issues related to the psychological prevention of radical beliefs; resocialization of convicted Muslims. Psychological assistance to the families of convicts, interaction with the FPS. Different directions and methods of work in psychological counseling for Muslims are presented. A special place was taken by the presentation of the results of research in the field of Islamic work ethic and “Anchor theory of personality: the spiritual side of man”. The conference showed an increased interest of specialists (psychologists, theologians, religious scholars, doctors, journalists, educators, imams) from different regions of the country and abroad to the topic of Islamic psychology, directions and approaches to its understanding, research and development in Russia.
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KORNIENKO, N. V. "PUBLIC OPINION ON RELIGIOUS PRIVILEGES IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ETHNICSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/2 (August 4, 2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/2-111-119.
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The article is based on materials of ethnic-sociological research conducted in 2016 on the territory of the republic of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation: Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Republic of Dagestan, Kabardino- Balkarian Republic. The survey involved 1200 respondents - 200 people from each republic. The article analyzes the question of the validity of granting state and legal privileges of religious organizations. Respondents were asked to express their opinion about granting the state privileges only to the Russian Orthodox Church; only Islam - the most popular religion in the religion; only three traditional religions of Russia (Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism); granting equal rights to all religions or depriving all religions of any privilege. The author comes to the conclusion about almost complete unanimity in the issues of granting religious privileges to the inhabitants of the region - regardless of their religious affiliation, people want equal rights for all religions, they are less willing to grant rights only for all religions. All groups unanimously denied the rights of the privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church, Islam was also unwilling to grant rights to all groups except Chechens, but this option is far inferior to equal treatment of the three traditional or all religions.
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Yazdi, Ali Asgari. "Islamic Studies and Teaching Islam Studying and teaching Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods and approaches (In Persian)." Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-2-426-441.
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The article reflects the results of the international meeting “Theology and Islamic Studies in Russia and Iran: history, methods, educational approach.” The meeting took place in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian academy on the 8th of May 2018. The Meeting Committee received a substantial grant from the Culture Section of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia. At the meeting took part over 20 scholars from various research and educational bodies of the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Among them were scholars from the University of Teheran, the al-Mustafa International University, Moscow State University, St Petersburg State University, Bashkortostan State University in Ufa, the Daghestan Institute of Hunmanities, The Moscow State University of Foreign Languages, the Pyatigorsk State University, and the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. In the article Prof. Yazdi outlines the recent trends in teaching Islamic theology and Islamic studies in the University of Teheran. The outstanding results gained by the scholars of this University in the field of Islamic education has attracted a vivid interest of their Russian colleagues. The teaching of Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran runs in the four main directions:1. Teaching of Islam in the traditional framework combined with rational sciences and philosophy.2. Islamic studies and Islamic theology as a separate teaching module in the leading Universities of Iran.3. Islamic studies are combined with teaching of exact sciences as in the Imam Sadiq University (Tehran), the Motahhari University (Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province) and the Imam Reza University (Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province).4. Islamic studies constitute an integral part of University education in Iran.The teaching of Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the Islamic tradition, philosophy and rational sciences. Therefore, the theology is considered as one of the aspects of the rational teaching. This is the basis of the Iranian moderate Islam. The author shares his practical experience of teaching Islam and Islamic sciences of many years.
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Rassool, G. H., and F. F. Iakhin. "Islam and Psychology in the post-Soviet space: history, modernity and prospects." Minbar. Islamic Studies 15, no. 4 (January 11, 2023): 911–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2022-15-4-911-940.
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The article provides an overview of the history, current state, trends and prospects for the development of the field of knowledge and practice at the intersection of Islam and Psychology in selected countries of the post-Soviet space in line with global trends in Islamic Psychology and the historical, social, political and legal contexts that are characteristic of these countries. An analysis of the modern context, historical experience and existing developments of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods allowed the authors to identify the general and the particular in the theory and practice of Islamic Psychology in the countries under consideration, as well as to assess the prospects for its development.The authors state that the development of the problems of Islam and Psychology in the Russian Federation has a solid academic and practical basis for the further development of Islamic Psychology and the provision of psychological assistance to Muslims based on the Islamic tradition. Based on a detailed analysis of a number of areas of activity (scientific, educational, consulting, etc.) in this area, it is indicated that in Russia the field of Islamic Psychology is developing at a faster pace than in other CIS countries. It is noted that the Russian model can serve as a kind of example for the development of Islamic Psychology in these countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and the states of Central Asia), which in many ways follows the pattern of the Russian Federation with relevant regional specifics and has great opportunities and prospects, given that the majority of the population of these countries belongs to Muslims, who have historically deep roots of Islamic culture and religion.
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Tuna, Mustafa. "Anti-Muslim Fear Narrative and the Ban on Said Nursi's Works as “Extremist Literature” in Russia." Slavic Review 79, no. 1 (2020): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.8.
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This article analyzes the causes and consequences of Islamophobia in the Russian Federation following the story of the Russian ban on the works of a scholar of Islam from Turkey, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1878–1960), despite the overall positive reception of his ideas and followers by Russia's Muslims. It positions Russia's existing domestic anti-Muslim prejudices, which evolved in the contexts of the Chechen conflict and the influx of migrant workers from culturally Muslim former Soviet republics to cosmopolitan Russian cities, against the background of the post-9/11 global fear narrative about Muslims. These Islamophobic attitudes in turn informed and justified anti-Muslim policies in Russia, as the Russian state, following broader trends of centralization and illiberalization in the country, abandoned the pluralist policies toward religion of the early post-Soviet years and reverted to the late-Soviet model of regulation and containment in the past two decades.
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Streletsky, Vladimir. "Development trajectories of the border regions in the context of social and cultural identity and civilizational patterns of Russia." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies, no. 4 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310022877-7.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the key features and trends of development of the Russian border regions in the context of social and cultural identity of Russia. The main concepts of the Russian civilization are compared. It is shown that the symbiotic nature of the Russian cultural space predetermines the necessity of the multi-vector external positioning of Russia in global processes. The typological diversity of Russian borders and borderlands creates favorable prerequisites for the successful interaction of Russia with different cultural worlds. Three vast culture areas of the Russian borderlands are selected for case studies: Western borderlands of Russia; the Mountainous North Caucasus; the South Siberian Turkic-Mongolian belt. The Western Russian borderlands are important links in the intra-European limitrophe, connecting Russia with the rest of Europe. Although the intensification of geopolitical and geo-economic turbulence in the 2010’s–2020’s sharply increased the barrier functions of the state border in the European part of the country, the Western borderlands of Russia, due to their geographical location and accumulated historical inertia, retain a huge potential for restoring close cross-border cooperation with European countries. The North Caucasian regions of Islam and the South Siberian regions of Buddhism, being integral parts of the Russian Federation as a state, culturally and geographically at the same time act as parts of vast contact zones connecting Russia with neighboring, belonging to other cultural realms. The key problem of the North Caucasian and South Siberian borderlands of Russia is the need for accelerated and effective modernization of these cultural areas. This is especially true for the republics of Southern Siberia, which retain many elements of archaic ways of life.
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Bekkin, Renat. "Publishing as a Tool for the Formation and Accumulation of Symbolic Capital in Russia." Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2021.8.2.95.
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Medina Publishing is one of the oldest and largest Islamic publishers in Russia in terms of volume. This article examines its evolution from a project publishing work on local history and the Nizhny Novgorod Tatars to a publisher of modern theological literature written by representatives of the Renovationist movement. Medina characteristically distributes most of its books, newspapers, and magazines free. Its core aims are educational, image-building, and ideological in nature. This article looks at Medina’s role as a tool for the formation and accumulation of symbolic capital by one of Russia’s Islamic religious organisations (muftiates), the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUM RF). The author notes Medina’s unique position in the Russian publishing market as a publisher focused on literature for the educated reader with special knowledge in the fields of religious studies, philology, etc. Medina’s publications encourage readers to believe that the centre of Islamic theological thought in Russia is at DUM RF, legitimating the claims of the muftiate and its leader to spiritual leadership of the Russian ummah. Both DUM RF and Medina focus their efforts on building the profile of intellectuals as people government officials, as those whose decisions govern the fate of religious associations in Russia, can work with rather than as representatives of an alien, incomprehensible, and hostile force (which is how bureaucrats in Russia have viewed Islam for centuries).
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Saidov, Akhmedkhan, and Alibekova Yakhyaevna. "Islam and the Russian State in the Imperial Period: the Nature and Stages of Relations." Islamovedenie 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2021-12-4-44-58.
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The article is devoted to the study of the Islamic policy of the Russian state in the Imperial Period, which today is of great interest to the Russian academia due to a wide involvement of socio-historical knowledge in the process of developing a modern concept of state structure in the Russian Federation. Analyzing the current controversy on this issue associated with finding legitimate, political and ideological grounds for the new concept and comparing various ideological positions and assessments of the nature of the relationship between Islam and the imperial state, the authors discover a differentiated approach of the imperial state to different Muslim peoples and their social categories. A significant drawback of contemporary controversy is that its participants, when dealing with such an essential issue, do not attach importance to the Eurasian, multi-ethnic, confessional and civilizational foundations of integration and modernization of the Russian society, thus repeating the mistakes of tsarism and post-Soviet “Westernizers”. Due to the use of new ideological approaches and sources of information, the authors integrate the most important elements of Islamic political culture with political and legal processes in the Russian state and analyze the conditions and positive factors that can give stability and dynamic development to the Russian society proceeding from its civilizational essence. The work highlights qualitatively different stages of the relationship between Islam and the imperial state, reveals the socio-political, ideological and moral limitations of tsarism. The authors conclude that only a truly democratic and legitimate system of government in Russia is capable of creating and sustaining the political and ideological foundations of state-building based on indepth civilizational, ethnic and confessional Eurasian priorities. Regrettably, these characteristics were not inherent to the Russian Empire and are not typical of contemporary Russia.
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Khabutdinov, A. Y. "Development of the Muslim Community of Tatarstan in 2022." Islam in the modern world 18, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-4-115-132.
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The article is dedicated to the evolution of the Muslim community in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2022. This publication continues a series of articles examining the Muslim community of Tatarstan in the 2000s and early 2020s. The article concludes that stability in the religious field is generally maintained in the Republic of Tatarstan. In the context of a Special Military Operation (SMO or SVO in Russian), as previously during the pandemic, social activism has become increasingly important. The most important socio-political issue for the Tatar religious figures of Russia was the preparation for and participation in the state-level celebration of 1,100 anniversary of adoption of Islam by the Bulgars. The law enforcement agencies in the republic continue to identify and punish representatives of extremist organizations banned in the Russian Federation.
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Serrano, Silvia. "Bacon or Beef? ‘Fake’ Halal Scandals in the Russian Federation." Sociology of Islam 8, no. 3-4 (December 10, 2020): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-08030002.
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Abstract This article aims at analyzing how the penetration of a commercial rational into the religious field impacts the relations between the State and the Muslim religion in the case of post-Soviet Russia. Here, the rise of a ‘halal market’ – that is the market for halal products and the market of halal certification – was punctuated by scandals. This research scrutinizes one of them, linked with halal meat products containing pork dna. This scandal is studied as it reveals the pre-existing order and is considered per se, as a critical test when common values and norms are either abandoned or strengthened, and previously established relations are transformed. First, the article presents how Islam is organized and regulated in the Russian Federation; then it analyzes the ‘scandalization strategy,’ which leads to the reconfiguration of the game of actors. Lastly, it examines how the scandal, through the use of law and court decisions, contributes to the extension, legitimization and consolidation of the certificated ‘halal’ norm beyond the circles of pious Muslims. This research is based on empirical data gathered in Moscow and Kazan in 2018: the observation of a court trial and the analysis of documents relating to the legal proceedings, semi-structured interviews and online research.
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Kemper, Michael. "Ijtihād in Putin’s Russia? Signature Fatwas from Moscow and Kazan." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 65, no. 7 (November 14, 2022): 935–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341585.
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Abstract The present article analyzes the recent fatwa production by two of Russia’s major muftiates, the traditionalist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUMRT) in Kazan and the modernist Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation (DUMRF) in Moscow. The author investigates the methodologies that Russia’s muftis follow when elaborating fatwas, and the global links that surface from their source bases. DUMRT’s taqlīd, or imitation, of elements of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law is contrasted with DUMRF’s program of ijtihād. DUMRF’s claims to ijtihād, wasaṭiyya and minority fiqh are tested by the analysis of controversial fatwas about marriage, conversion, and divorce in Russia. This paper introduces the term “signature fatwa” to denote fatwas that are meant to demonstrate the particular identity of a given muftiate, and that serve as a tool for its political positioning vis-à-vis the Kremlin, other fatwa-producers, and the Muslim communities. The present contribution addresses scholars of Islam in Eastern Europe as well as students of Islamic law in Muslim minority situations, including in the European Union.
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Bredikhin, A. V. "Muslims among the modern Cossacks." Minbar. Islamic Studies 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2022-15-1-50-60.
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The article is devoted to the role of Muslim Cossacks at the present stage of the Russian Cossacks development. The issue is debatable and has not ever been discussed by domestic and foreign researchers. Following the succession from the Cossack troops of pre-revolutionary Russia, the Muslim Cossacks are active participants in the so-called Revival, characterized by creating Cossack farms, military formations and etc. The Russian Federation state policy towards the Russian Cossacks considers the possibilities of their incorporation into military Cossack Societies and concedes forming large public associations of Cossacks. An important component of the policy is the participation of Muslims in the confl ict in the Donbass, which takes place on the historical lands of the Don Army Region. The work is based on journalistic materials and research papers from online publications. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to determine the actual aspects of studying the factor of Islam in the Russian Cossacks, which has not only historical foundations, but also modern practical directions.
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Nizamov, Ramil', Guzaliya Klychova, and Albert Iskhakov. "ISLAMIC FINANCE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-14-4-122-127.
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Currently, an alternative to traditional finance is actively forming in the world - the Islamic financial system with its inherent financial products. In the Russian Federation, the topic of Islamic finance is being developed by the scientific and business environment at the regional level, precisely, with the involvement of working groups of international experts. In the course of the study, a analysis was made of the main provisions and characteristics of Islamic finance. Islamic finance includes financial products such as Musharaka, Mudaraba, Murabaha, Ijara, Salaam, Istisna ’and others. According to Musharak, participants in the transaction combine assets and share risks among themselves. Mudaraba, a trust management agreement, allows you to combine the entrepreneurial talent of the manager and the funds of the owner of capital. Murabaha, a resale agreement, provides an opportunity to purchase goods by installments to customers. Ijara serves as a replacement for operating leasing and is used more broadly as a lease. Salaam, an advance financing contract, is mainly used for transactions with standard property. Istisna’ contract, where the contractor, in addition to its services, uses its own material and raw materials, an investment tool for long-term projects. In order to unify the terms of Islamic financial contracts, international standards have been developed by the Organization of Accounting and Auditing of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI, Bahrain headquarters). Fiqh property relations, a section of Sharia science, is a methodological and theoretical basis for Islamic finance. The features of Islamic finance include asset-based, restrictions on funded activities and the principle of sharing risks between capital and the entrepreneur. The movement of cash flows according to Islamic economic doctrine must necessarily be supported by the movement of real goods and services. Islam prohibits financing activities harmful to society. The right to profit in Islam arises from the acceptance of risk. It was found that the constraining factors for the development of Russian Islamic financial institutions remain due to its regulation in national legislation. It is noted that Islamic finance has developed in Russia due to the presence of demand at the local and regional levels from business and the population who are actively practicing Islam. Monitoring of the Russian Islamic financial services market has shown that about ten companies offering Islamic financial services currently operate in Russia.
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Krylov, A. V. "THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN THE «ARAB SPRING»." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(31) (August 28, 2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-43-51.
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A huge wave of mass protests for the last years has lead to a collapse of many longstanding traditional regimes in some Arab states (Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen). In other states (Syria, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Morocco) a serious aggravation of political situation occurred. Many experts in Russia as well as abroad share an opinion that the phenomenon of the “Arab revolution" or the so cold "Arab Spring" has the same basic pattern: after the beginning of unrest in North Africa and the Middle East the Islamist political parties, organizations and groups are gaining strength, popularity and influence. The main content of the article is focused on the analysis of religious, political, socio-economic and other aspects of the contemporary ideology and practice of the radical Islam, its threats and challenges. The current situation in the region has favored the creation of a new political alliance in the Greater Middle East. Now the US administration's policy in the Middle East is aimed at the advancement of the of the radical Islam front to Iran, North Caucasus region and Central Asia. This policy corresponds to the global strategic interests of the U.S. regional partners including Petro-Islamic States, Turkey and even Israel. Analyzing the situation around Syria the author notes that the steps undertaken by the members of the new regional alliance to eliminate B. Assad - another victim of the "Arab Spring" – can, first of all, aggravate an extremely unstable situation in Syria, and, secondly, create a real perspective of the radical Islam advancement right up to the borders of the Russian Federation.
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Khabutdinov, A. Yu. "The Muslim Community of Republic of Tatarstan in 2020." Islam in the modern world 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2020-16-4-145-162.
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This article is devoted to the development of the Muslim community of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2020. By this paper the author continues the series of publications that explore the Muslim community of Tatarstan in the 2000s and 2010s. The article concludes that stability in the religious sphere is generally maintained in the Republic of Tatarstan. Muslim spiritual boards of different regions of Russia do not coordinate their activity in general, therefore, their points of view become closer to those of local authorities. The same could be said about the Muslim Spiritual Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as in other republics within the Russian Federation, the role of Islam in spiritual, educational and cultural aspects has to grow due to the loss of status of national values in secondary education. However, the number of students in the native language courses at the Muslim Spiritual Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan at the beginning of the 2020 academic year is approximately equal to the number of students of only one secondary school.The authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan continue to find out activities of extremist organizations prohibited by the Russian law. Law enforcement agencies are actively fighting them; it leads to the elimination of their groups in the Republic of Tatarstan, arrests, and sentencing to imprisonment.
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Maksimov, Dmitriy V., Anton A. Zhulikov, and Aleksandra D. Maksimova. "Features of the Organization and Location of Gambling Zones in Different Countries of the World." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 2 (210) (June 28, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2021-2-73-80.
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The features of the organization and spatial placement of gambling zones in various countries of the world are considered. It is noted that this process (prohibition, restriction or widespread permission) is primarily influenced by the cultural characteristics of the population, which translates into the attitude of the authorities and administration in certain states towards the gambling business. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the states on this issue are divided according to civilization. In countries where Islam is the dominant religion, gambling is, as a rule, prohibited (although betting on races and dog fights is allowed). In countries belonging to the orbit of the Anglo-Saxon world (the vast majority of countries in America, Africa, Europe, Australia and Oceania), gambling is allowed everywhere, with some restrictions. In the monarchies of the East, gambling is allowed for foreigners, but the local population is prohibited from playing. In Russia, non-Islamic Asia (Orthodoxy, world oriental religions), measures have been taken to restrict the gambling business - it is allowed only in specially designated areas - gambling zones. This suggests a conclusion about the need for a compromise between society, government bodies and business when organizing these zones in the Russian Federation. At the same, it is worth taking into account and adapting foreign experience to Russian conditions.
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Salikh, Nadir Ramilevich. "Arabographic Manuscripts on Koranology in the History of Muslim Peoples of the Republik of Bashkortostan." Islamovedenie 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2022-13-2-121-127.
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The Republic of Bashkortostan can be considered one of the few subjects of the Russian Federation where Arabographic manuscripts were brought to, copied and written in large numbers by local authors and scribes. At the moment, more than 5,000 copies of Arabographic sources of var-ious subjects and chronology are deposited in various institutions of the republic. This article is de-voted to the comprehension and analysis of the book manuscript heritage of the Muslim peoples of the Southern Urals in the form of Arabographic historical sources mostly related to religious scienc-es. The object of the research are Arabographic manuscripts thematically related to the sections of the Qur’anic sciences and deposited in two academic institutions of Ufa: 1) the Department of Man-uscripts and Rare Editions of Ahmet-Zaki Walidi National Library of the Republic of Bashkortostan (ORRI NB RB). 2) the Department of Rare Books at the Academic Library of the Ufa Federal Re-search Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ORC NB UFIC RAS). As a result of the research of these funds, the most widespread and significant works on Qur’anic studies that have played a certain role in the enlightenment and formation of religious consciousness among the Muslim peo-ples of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been identified. In general, research in this area allows to expand the source base on the history of Islam in Russia.
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Zakariyaev, Zamir Sh. "Arabic-language Epigraphy of Mosques in Lezgin Villages of Akhty District of Dagestan (Inscriptions of 11th–18th Centuries)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 4 (2021): 542–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.406.
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The author of this article presents some results of the author’s study of the Arabic-language epigraphy of old Lezgin mosques in the Akhty District of the Republic of Dagestan. The mountainous Akhty District inhabited by Lezgins is located in the far south of Dagestan and Russian Federation, near the Main Caucasian ridge. The inscriptions of mosques are an important part of the district’s rich epigraphic heritage. The method of continuous study of epigraphic monuments made it possible to identify many Arabic-language inscriptions in different settlements, and also in abandoned rural settlements in hard-to-reach mountainous areas. The author considers not all epigraphic monuments of mosques, but only some of them. Many of them are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition, a new updated interpretation of some inscriptions already known to science is proposed. The translation of the inscriptions is accompanied by scientific commentary. Chronologically, the inscriptions cover the period from the 11th–12th centuries to the end of the 18th century. The epigraphy of this chronological period is found on the walls of only some villages in the Akhty District. A portion of the inscriptions considered are dated. To determine the time of undated inscriptions, the method of dating by paleographic features of writing is applied. In terms of genre, the epigraphic monuments of mosques consist of building and benevolent inscriptions, excerpts from Quranic Verse. The discovery of Kufic inscriptions from the 11th–12th centuries on the walls of mosques indicate that the most ancient mosques in the villages of the Akhty District have a millennial history. The geography of Kufic inscriptions found indicates the early spread of Islam even in the most remote and hard-to reach places in southern Dagestan. The location of the inscriptions, which for a long time were considered not preserved, has been established. Among them is the oldest dated building inscription in Arabic on the territory of Russia — from 563 AH (1167/68). After the establishment of rural communities in the Samur district of Dagestan in the beginning of the 17th century, the construction or repair of mosques was carried out, mostly either by the communities or by the representatives of the local Muslim elite.
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Fogleman, Sarah. "A Research Guide on Islam in the Russian Federation." Slavic & East European Information Resources 10, no. 1 (March 2009): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228880902788552.
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Shovkhalov, Shamil, and Hussein Idrisov. "Economic and Legal Analysis of Cryptocurrency: Scientific Views from Russia and the Muslim World." Laws 10, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020032.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of cryptocurrency as a new phenomenon in the modern global economic processes and legal institutions. The relevance of the study is predetermined by the very specifics of such a phenomenon as cryptocurrency consisting of a distributed ledger technology, which determines the peculiarities of issuing, storing and performing operations with cryptocurrency. Moreover, the cryptocurrency turnover directly correlates with the national legislation of individual countries, which are the subject of domestic regulation with currency, tax legislation and legislation on the securities market. Sometimes, in this regard, there is a clash of public interests and the interests of entities involved in the circulation of cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrency, as an unconventional, trendy phenomenon of the recent times, has become the object of research and discussions on all the world platforms, starting with academia, continuing with the business community and ending with state institutions. There are many reasons for explaining such interest and they can all be reduced to two main blocks: the advantages and the disadvantages of cryptocurrency circulation. The problem of cryptocurrency turnover, on the one hand, is that until now none of the national economies have regulated the cost-effective mechanism for the cryptocurrency turnover and, on the other hand, the leading countries have not yet set up an effective system of legal regulation of cryptocurrency. Many countries are in the active process of working to adequately address the above problem. Separately, it is worth highlighting the interest of Muslim countries in this issue, where discussions are still underway about the permissibility of cryptocurrency in Islamic law. As for the Russian realities in the context of the issue under study, the Federal Law “On Digital Financial Assets, Digital Currency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation“, which came into effect on 1 January 2021, was supposed to streamline relations of subjects including cryptocurrencies, but, according to the experts in this field, this law is far from impeccable and this sphere of relations cannot be quickly and effectively regulated. This article describes the characteristics of cryptocurrency, its essence, disadvantages and advantages as an object of economic and civil law relations. The purpose of the research is to analyze the economic and legal phenomenon of cryptocurrency, as well as its characteristics in the Muslim legal system. The complexity of the work should be emphasized as a novelty. Based on the designated goal and the logic of construction, the study consists of three interrelated parts. The first part outlines the characteristics of cryptocurrency as an economic category, the second part is devoted to its legal analysis and the last part of the study demonstrates the Islamic perception (Sharia analysis) of this phenomenon. As a conclusion on the scientific research, we will highlight the following provisions. First, economically, nowadays, cryptocurrency is a rather controversial financial instrument: on the one hand, it has great investment attractiveness, but on the other hand, it is subject to great volatility and seems to be a rather risky financial asset. Secondly, from a legal standpoint, cryptocurrencies have not yet found their consistent consolidation and further legal regulation in the Russian legislation. It seems that the legal regulation of this institution will systematically develop depending on what application and results of its turnover the cryptocurrency will have in the future. Finally, the Islamic interpretation of the cryptocurrency phenomenon boils down to the absence of a single, consistent explanation of it from the perspective of Islam and Sharia as an object of permissibility (or prohibition) of transactions with it. It is necessary to further analyze the practice of using cryptocurrency and its impact on the economy and legal institutions in order to make a final decision on its permissibility or prohibition in correlation with the types of activity and the upcoming consequences associated with it.
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Curanovic, A. C. "Relations Between the Orthodox Church and Islam in the Russian Federation." Journal of Church and State 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 503–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csq089.
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Yemelianova, Galina M. "Islam and Nation Building in Tatarstan and Dagestan of the Russian Federation." Nationalities Papers 27, no. 4 (December 1999): 605–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009059999108858.
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This article is based on the preliminary results of a project on “Islam, Ethnicity and Nationalism in Post-Soviet Tatarstan and Dagestan,” which began in March 1997 and ended in September 1999. These two out of Russia's 21 autonomous republics were chosen for comparative research because, although they are both Muslim, there are obvious geographical, ethnic, cultural, and political differences between them. Each republic also represents a distinctive model of the evolution of Muslim society and its relations with Russian culture in general and with the Russian political center in particular.
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Muratova, Elmira. "‘Traditional Islam’ in Crimean Tatar discourse and politics." Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2019.6.1.117.
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This paper treats the analysis of the concept of ‘traditional Islam’ in Crimean Tatar discourse and politics. It shows how this discourse and politics were transformed under the influence of political change in Crimea in 2014. The concept of ‘traditional Islam’, which did not have a wide circulation in religious circles in post-Soviet Crimea, began to occupy an increasingly noticeable place in the rhetoric of official Islamic religious leaders, who have used it as a tool for eliminating competitors and monopolising influence in the Muslim public sphere. This concept has become closely linked to Russian official policy for combating extremism. This article uses the evolution of the concept in a particular region to illustrate the specifics of state-Islamic relations in the Russian Federation. It uses research data from interviews, focus-groups and the content-analysis of official statements by Islamic leaders.
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Salnikov, E., and V. Vlasov. "ISLAM AS A FACTOR OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL SOCIETY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 27, no. 8 (2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-8-86-94.
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In recent decades, there has been an active penetration of the so-called «pure Islam» into the national republics of the North Caucasus, which has led to a confrontation with Sufi Islam, traditional for this region. In this regard, the article analyzes the processes of transformation of the North Caucasian society that are currently being observed due to the displacement of the population from villages to cities, which, according to the authors, entails the destruction of traditional society. The paper substantiates the relationship between the processes of Islami- zation and transformation of modern North Caucasian society. This problem is relevant, since civil confrontation in this region may threaten the integrity of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the political and legal transformation of traditional society in the North Caucasus. The subject of the study is Islam as a factor of the political-right transformation of traditional society on the example of the national republics of the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the relationship between the political and legal transformation of North Caucasian society and its Islamization. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the authors have set the following tasks:1) to analyze the current state of North Caucasian society in connection with the observed trends of transition from a traditional society to a modern one; 2) to identify the potential of Islam as a factor of modernization of the traditional North Caucasian society and ensuring its stability
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Khabutdinov, A. Yu. "The Development of Muslim Community (Ummah) of Republic of Tatarstan in Late 2018–2019." Islam in the modern world 15, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2019-15-4-155-172.
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The article is devoted to the development of the Muslim community of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) at the end of 2018 and 2019. Here the author continues a series of publications exploring the Muslim community of Tatarstan in 2000s and 2010s. The leadership of the Muslim Spiritual Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUM RT) is based on its own version of “traditional Islam”, where Sufism and the Maturidite ‘aqidah of the Hanafi madhhab occupy the principal place. In the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as all in other republics within the Russian Federation, the role of Islam in spiritual, educational and cultural spheres is growing due to the abolition of compulsory studying of titular languages in secondary schools. The spiritual administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan (DUM RT) continues to maintain a monopoly among Muslim organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan. Nevertheless, the activity of representatives of radical organizations banned in the Russian Federation is still to observe in the Republic. Law enforcement agencies are actively fi ghting with them; it leads to the elimination of their cells in the Republic of Tatarstan, arrests and sentencing with real terms.
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Swirszcz, Joanna. "The Role of Islam in Chechen National Identity." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802373637.
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Uncovering the importance of Islam in Chechen national identity is not necessarily difficult. Alexei Malashenko has noted that Chechen identity today cannot be considered outside the context of Islamic tradition. Chechnya today is not an independent Muslim state. Its embracing of Islam came about during a time of colonization, when Chechens were struggling to halt Russian encroachment on their lands. Many works pertaining to Islam in Chechnya suggest that, at the time of Russian advancement in the eighteenth century, most Chechens were “nominally” Muslim. This has been attributed to the geographic isolation of the Caucasus. While the rugged mountainous landscape and thick forests which cover the region provided protection from invaders, it also hindered interaction among the various mountain peoples as well as the strength of outside religious influence. Soon after their defeat to the tsarist Russians, the Bolshevik Revolution occurred and Chechens spent the following 80 years under Soviet rule. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Chechnya declared independence alongside the full-fledged Soviet Socialist Republics, though their independence was not recognized by the UN. The Chechen victory over the Russian Federation in the first war in 1994–1996 has been considered a remarkable military defeat. However, a weak economy, high unemployment, and criminality caused the young nation to fall into a state of lawlessness and radicalism, eventually causing it to suffer a defeat to the Russians in the second war, which began in 1999. The present day is characterized by exhaustion and a desire for peace, a desire that ultimately has meant deference to Russian rule.
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Makarov, Dmitry. "Ethnographic Methods in Studying Islamic Soviet Past in the Russian Federation (given experience obtained while preparing a series of Encyclopedic Lexicons on Islam in the Russian Federation)." Islamology 5, no. 1-2 (September 5, 2012): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.05.1-2.16.
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Orlov, V. V. "Islam in Front of the Challenges of Modernity: World Politics, State System, Public Opinion." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-239-249.
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Review of the textbooks: Islam in World Politics in Early XXIth Century: A Textbook / L.M. Yefimova, M.A. Sapronova, eds.; [A.M. Ahunov, V.A. Ahmadullin, R.I. Bekkin a. o.]; Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation, Dept. of Oriental Studies. Moscow: MGIMO–University, 2016. 345, [1] p. (In Russ.);Islam in the State and Socio-Political Systems of the Eastern Countries: A Textbook / L.M. Yefimova, M.A. Sapronova, eds.; [K.P. Borishpolets, R.D. Daurov, B.V. Dolgov a. o.]; Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation, Dept. of Oriental Studies. Moscow: MGIMO–University, 2018. 350, [1] p. (In Russ.);Muslim Socio-Political Ideas in Front of the Challenges of Modernity: A Textbook / L.M. Yefimova, M.A. Sapronova, eds.; [B.V. Dolgov, S.B. Druzhilovsky, L.M. Yefimova a. o.]; Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation, Dept. of Oriental Studies. Moscow: MGIMO–University, 2018. 192, [2] p. (In Russ.).The set of textbooks, written by the lecturers of Department of Oriental Studies, MGIMO–University, is a very useful publication both in terms of research and education. It covers the wide field of key problems of contemporary Islam and fills out some gaps in Russian studies of Islam.The first book of the series is focused on processes of globalization and democratization in Islamic world. The authors examine the role of Muslim states in multi-vector development of regional and global politics, analyze the impact of Islamic structures and concepts on present system of international relations. In the second book the authors emphasize the role of Islamic factor in domestic political life of specific countries and regions of the Muslim world. The authors focus on fundamental issues of constitutional law, functioning of supreme state bodies, building of parties and political systems. In the third book of the series the authors review the ideas of contemporary Muslim philosophers, public figures, political writers – both of conservative-fundamentalist and liberal-modernist orientation, basing on numerous facts. The authors managed to present the diversity of solutions, proposed by Muslim politicians and thinkers aimed at facing a number of challenges such as modernization and globalization, migration crises, poor ecological conditions, rise of social inequality, erosion and substitution of traditional values of Islam, etc.The textbooks in review may be of special interest not only for teachers and students at universities and high schools, but also for specialists in Oriental studies, political studies, as well as for broad audience of readers.
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Andrew Fedorovich, Polomoshnov, and Polomoshnov Platon Andreevich. "Religious Tolerance as a Law and Practice (in Islam and Orthodoxy)." Islamovedenie 11, no. 4 (December 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2020-11-4-47-58.
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The article analyzes the concept of religious tolerance in the context of the relationship be-tween its legal support and the practice of interfaith relations. Tolerance is viewed as one of the key principles of modern policy and practice of interfaith relations in the Russian poly-confessional religious community in close connection with the principles of freedom of con-science and confessional equality. The measure of religious tolerance is social loyalty and hu-manistic potential of a particular religious denomination. The historical origins of religious toler-ance in Islam and Orthodoxy, as well as pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern Russian models of interfaith relations and religious politics are investigated. The characteristic of the legislative base of the modern Russian model of religious tolerance is given. Tolerance as a norm of inter-faith relations is considered on three levels. At the level of individual religious behavior of be-lievers, religious tolerance is manifested as a loyal attitude towards non-believers and atheists. At the level of interchurch relations of confessions, tolerance is realized as an orientation towards the inter-confessional world, dialogue and cooperation of confessions in maintaining the socio-cultural stability of Russian society. At the level of the religious policy of a poly-confessional state, religious tolerance is viewed in the context of the flexible, situational implementation of the principles of freedom of conscience, confessional equality, as well as ensuring effective co-operation between traditional churches and the Russian state in improving the spiritual potential and social stability of Russian society. The authors state that religious tolerance is an ultimate principle for modern spiritual situation in the Russian Federation although there is not complete correspondence between its legislative declaration and the real practice of interfaith relations. The task of state policy in the field of religion is to optimize interfaith relations in the country, relying on the support and organization of effective dialogue and cooperation between church organizations of traditional Russian confessions, both at the regional level and at the level of their central, governing bodies.
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Bader-Zaar, Birgitta, Evguenia Davidova, Minja Bujaković, Milena Kirova, Malgorzata Fidelis, Stefano Petrungaro, Alexandra Talavar, et al. "Book Reviews." Aspasia 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2022.160114.
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Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 4, no. 2, “East European Feminisms, Part 1: The History of East European Feminisms,” eds. Maria Bucur and Krassimira Daskalova, 2020.Maria Bucur, The Nation’s Gratitude: World War I and Citizenship Rights in Interwar Romania, London: Routledge, 2022, vi–viii, 231 pp., $160.00 (hardback), $48.95 (ebook), ISBN: 978-0-367-74978-1.Sanja Ćopić and Zorana Antonijević, eds., Feminizam, aktivizam, politike: Proizvodnja znanja na poluperiferiji. Zbornik radova u čast Marine Blagojević Hughson (Feminism, activism, politics: Knowledge production in the semiperiphery. Collection in honor of Marina Blagojević Hughson), Belgrade: Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research (IKSI), 2021, 621 pp., ISBN: 978-86-80756-42-4.Krassimira Daskalova, Zhorzheta Nazarska, and Reneta Roshkeva, eds., Ot siankata na istoriata: Zhenite v bulgarskoto obshtestvo i kultura, volume 2, Izvori za istoriana na zhenite: Dnevnitsi, spomeni, pisma, beletristika (From the shadows of history: Women in Bulgarian society and culture, volume 2, Sources of women’s history: diaries, memoirs, letters, fiction), Sofi a: Sofi a University Press, 2021, 621 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-5180-1.Melissa Feinberg, Communism in Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, 2022, 229 pp., $44.75 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8133-4817-9.Fabio Giomi, Making Muslim Women European: Voluntary Associations, Gender, and Islam in Post-Ottoman Bosnia and Yugoslavia (1878–1941), Budapest: CEU Press, 2021, 420 pp., €88.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-963-386-369-5.Yulia Gradskova, The Women’s International Democratic Federation, the Global South and the Cold War: Defending the Rights of Women of the “Whole World”? London: Routledge, 2020, 222 pp. £29.59 (e-book), ISBN: 9781003050032.Dagmar Gramshammer-Hohl and Oana Hergenröther, eds., Foreign Countries of Old Age: East and Southeast European Perspectives on Aging, Aging Studies, vol. 19, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2021, 386 pp., €45 (paperback), ISBN: 978-3-8376-4554-5.Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer, Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front During World War II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 528 pp., $34.95 (hardback), ISBN: 9780190618414.Oksana Kis, Survival as Victory: Ukrainian Women in the Gulag, Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021, 652 pp., 78 color photos, 10 photos, €84.50 (hardback), ISBN: 9780674258280.Yelena Lembersky and Galina Lembersky, Like a Drop of Ink in a Downpour: Memories of Soviet Russia, Boston: Cherry Orchard Books, 2022, 247 pp., $17.19 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64469-669-9.Mihaela Miroiu, Povestiri despre Cadmav (Stories about Cadmav), Bucharest: Rocart, 2021, 270 pp., RON 31.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-95093-0-2.Mie Nakachi, Replacing the Dead: The Politics of Reproduction in the Postwar Soviet Union, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 352 pp., $39.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0190635138.Olga Todorova, Domashnoto robstvo i robovladenie v osmanska Rumelia (Domestic slavery and slave ownership in Ottoman Rumelia), Sofia: Gutenberg, 2021, 444 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-619-176-195-1.
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Sieradzan, Przemysław J. "Czynniki destabilizacji politycznej w Karaczajo-Czerkiesji: separatyzm etniczny i fundamentalizm religijny." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.2.7.
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The Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia is among the most unstable entities of the Russian federation. Whereas the ideas of radical political Islam enjoy little popularity there, the ethnic structure is exceptionally complex, which is not reflected in the model of territorial administration. The scale of corruption and nepotism of the local elite is enormous. The relations between the two titular ethnicities of Karachay-Cherkessia abound in mutual prejudices and distrust, or even hostility. The current model of a two-nationality republic is an element of the Soviet legacy, originally introduced in order to overcome ethnic particularism. The decline of the Soviet model of state fostered ethnic particularism and separatism, which applied to Karachays and Cherkessians alike at the turn of the nineteen-eighties. At present, Karachay separatism is a marginal phenomenon, while the influence of the Pan-Cherkessian movement has been consistently growing, posing an increasing threat to the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The author characterizes various dimensions of ethnic separatism in Karachay-Cherkessia and analyzes the reasons for the weakness of the armed Islamist underground in this Caucasian republic.
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Garifullin, I. I. "Risks of Islamic Banking Implementation (Through the Example of the Russian Federation)." Economics and Management 26, no. 8 (September 27, 2020): 912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-8-912-918.
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The presented study examines the potential risks of Islamic banking during its implementation (through the example of the Russian Federation).Aim. The study aims to identify the potential risks of Islamic banking in Russia.Tasks. The author considers the main differences between traditional and Islamic banks, systematizes the types of risks in Islamic banks, analyzes Sharia and economic risks, and examines the potential risks of Islamic financial institutions through the example of the Amal Financial House.Methods. This study uses the dialectical method, methods of statistical research, classification, systems and structural analysis, graphical analysis, generalization and systematization, scientific methods of cognition (observation, comparison, analysis, and synthesis).Results. The main differences between traditional and Islamic banks and the types of risks in Islamic banks are systematized. The system of Sharia control is considered through the example of an Is lamic financial organization (Islamic banking). Through the example of the Amal Financial House, the major risks are identified — for Islamic banking in financing using such Islamic financial instruments as murabaha and ijara, and for investors using mudaraba.Conclusions. Systematization of the main differences between Islamic and traditional banks shows that operations are based on a real asset to exclude contradictions with Sharia (Islamic canon law). The author distinguishes between two types of risk in Islamic banks: economic and Sharia. Sharia control is divided into internal and external (through the example of the Amal Financial House), which ensure the functioning of Islamic banking to prevent risk in unauthorized transactions within the framework of Islam. The author analyzes the activities of the Amal Financial House in 2015-2019 related to financing using such Islamic financial instruments as murabaha and ijara. The return on investment products shows positive dynamics, i.e. investors receive a steady income, even though there is a risk of losing the invested funds.
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Волкова and Alina Volkova. "PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF TATAR NATIONALISM WITH ISLAMIST BIAS AND POSSIBLE TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Public and Municipal Administration 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2015): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17872.
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The aim of this study is to determine the artificial elements in the formation of Tatar nationalism, which together with natural ones can be a problem for the national security of the Russian Federation. This is primarily due to the possible development of separatism in the region, and secondly, with strengthening of the Islamic factor to the transition of certain groups to positions of radical Islam. The realization of the process of formation of Tarar nationalism will help federal and regional authorities, public organizations to build an effective system to counter Tatar nationalism.
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YURASOV, IGOR А., MARIA А. TANINA, and VERA A. YUDINA. "DIGITAL RELIGIOUS PROTEST IN PROVINCIAL RUSSIAN CITIES: RELIGIOUS IDENTITY AND FORMS." Study of Religion, no. 2 (2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2021.2.110-118.
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Digitalization trends that have been actively developing in the Russian Federation over the past ten years have an impact on the protest moods of people who share a religious worldview. The authors of the publication were interested exclusively in digital forms of protest activity within the traditional confessions of Russian provincial cities, namely Orthodoxy and Islam. In view of the small number of people who profess Judaism in the provincial cities of the Russian Federation, and because of the dogmatic foundations of traditional Buddhism, which is extremely negative to any form of protest against existing political, economic, and social realities, these denominations have not given any significant examples of virtual protest on the Internet. The authors clearly distinguish between legal forms of digital protest in the religious semiosphere and forms of religious extremism and xenophobia, which are also beyond the scientific interest of the authors of this study. The subject of this analysis is the forms of virtual protest activity on the Internet, which are classified in the following areas: protest against religion as an institution that protects the existing political, economic, and social foundations of Russian society from the point of view of atheism and other faiths and religious systems; protest against the existing official confessional hierarchy within the normative religious discourse; protest against internal confessional dogmas aimed at reform or division...
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Духовная, Лилия, and Liliya Duhovnaya. "TOURISM INDUSTRY OBJECTS CERTIFICATION UNDER THE "HALAL FRIENDLY" PROGRAM: THE MODERN ASPECT." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-6-4.
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Over the past few years, the structure and scale of international tourist flows have undergone several significant changes, which affected the situation on the global tourism market. Economic and political events are the reason for changing the format of the structure and quantitative indicators.
The article analyzes the current state and development trends of one of the most promising areas in tourism - halal tourism based on the current experience of serving this category of tourists in the world. The author present analytical data characterizing the steady increase in the flow of tourists, who follow Islam.
On the base of the Global Muslim Travel Index-2016 rating (International Index of Muslim Travels) the author identifies the most and least friendly countries for this segment of tourists, and considers the specifics of the service of tourists following Islam in the countries that hold the leading positions of the rating. The information of the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation and a number of authoritative expert assessments clearly demonstrate the increase in the flow of tourists from the countries of the Middle East and Asia-Pacific re-gions. Based on this data, the author analyzes the state, problems and develop-ment prospects for this direction of tourism in the Russian Federation. All this confirms the viability of implementing the tourism industry objects certification under the "Halal Friendly" program.
The author examines in detail the essence and specific features of introducing the experience of certification under the "Halal Friendly" program based on the examples of individual Russian cities and regions. The author draws special at-tention to the fact that certification of a significant number of tourist facilities is still a debating issue and is actively discussed in various professional communi-ties.
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Khabibullina, Z. R. "Monitoring the Development of Islam in the Republic of Bashkortostan (by the Materials of 2021–2022)." Islam in the modern world 18, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-18-4-149-165.
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The growing role of religion in interethnic relations, the importance of the Islamic factor in the socio-political sphere of society, the risks of religious radicalism necessitate annual monitoring of the development of the Islamic community in the Russian Federation. The article is devoted to the state of the Islamic community of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2021–2022. The material used for analysis includes reports from state agencies, press reports, information on websites and pages of Islamic organizations, and materials from field work. Based on the data obtained, the main factors that influenced the development of Islam in the republic during the specified period were identified.
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Akhmadullin, Vyacheslav Abdulovich. "Review of the Monograph by D. Motadel “Islam in the Politics of Nazi Germany (1939–1945)”." Islamovedenie 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2022-13-2-112-120.
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The reviewer analyzes the monograph by David Motadel “Islam in the Politics of Nazi Ger-many (1939–1945)” published in German in 2014 and subsequently, on the wave of popularity, re-printed in Turkish (2015), German (2017, 2018), French, Persian (2019), Spanish and Italian (2020) and in Russian in 2020. The review focuses specifically on the fourth chapter, “Islam and the War on the Eastern Front”, since it is in this part of the book that the policy of the Nazis towards Soviet Muslims is described to the fullest. The reviewer questions the correctness of some of the conclu-sions in this monograph and points to the absence of references to historical documents mentioned in the book and allegedly used by the author when writing the work in the archives of Moscow and Simferopol. Meanwhile, such archives as the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), the Central State Archive of Moscow (TsGA of Moscow), hold the doc-uments whose analysis would provide objective answers to the questions posed by Motadel. The re-viewer also notes some factual errors and believes that, taken together, all this gives the study a ten-dentious character, and David Motadel himself, in accordance with the tradition of anti-Sovietism, seems to be unwilling to show to the Western reader the heroism of Soviet Muslims and the valiant pages of the history of the USSR.