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1
Arnold, Felix. "Mathematics and the Islamic Architecture of Córdoba." Arts 7, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7030035.
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In 10th-century Córdoba, mathematics—and particularly geometry—was applied to architectural design in new ways, constituting a “mathematical turn” of Islamic architecture. In the mosque of Córdoba and in the palaces of Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ, geometry was employed in the design of ground plans, elevations, decorative patterns, and even to measure the human view. While Roman architects like Vitruvius had used mathematics to place each element of a building in its appropriate relation to all other elements of a building, the architects at Córdoba employed geometry to create a spatial web in which all parts are equal to each other and part of a single, unified space. The architects of Córdoba thus pointed the way to new possibilities of designing architecture, possibilities which were to be tested further by architects of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, though to different ends.
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Babangida, Hamza, and Halima Sani Katsina. "INTEGRATING ISLAMIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR ACHIEVING FAMILY PRIVACY IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i1.4407.
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<p>Islamic Design Principles (IDP) are general guides in the context of the Islamic legal system (Sharia) abstracted for application in the management of the existing Muslim built environment and which could be used for the designing new buildings. Accordingly, they were developed from various Sharia sources among which include the Qur'an and the Hadith, as primary sources. The aim of this paper is to identify Islamic Design Principles which apply to architecture and to use same to demonstrate how they could be applied to achieve family privacy in residential design of the Muslim faithful. The research methodology involved literature search on extant works which identified Islamic Principles and their relevance to residential architecture on one hand and documentation of floor plans of existing houses designed for and occupied by Muslims in Nigeria. A four bedroom duplex among the documented houses was used to demonstrate how family privacy could be achieved using the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) at various design stages such as spatial rearrangement, reorientation, and reconfiguration of functional spaces without compromising global design criteria. In the redesigned floor plans, the design elements that were integrated include those which affected bedrooms, living rooms and other spaces for family interactions to reflect family privacy needs. Overall, the outcome of this paper adds to our understanding of the role the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) could play in no distant future on novel design approaches that support the use of new structural forms, shape and design elements which provides to privacy needs of Muslim faithful as well as satisfy universal design requirements. This paper will find practical implication if it is used as theoretical as well practical support to professionals in designing residences which address specific spiritual values of residents </p>
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Abu-Hussein, Mohammed. "The Genesis of Schools and its Architecture in The Arab-Islamic Civilization." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 1232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.194.
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This research aims to determine the genesis of the schools in the Arab Islamic civilizations and how the educational function has separated from the mosque. Also highlighted the historical, religious, architectural conditions that led to school's emergence. Then, aims to study the different architectural styles of schools across the whole region of Islamic world through studying the architectural plans and forms in order to understand the functions of the spaces and the multi-functional spaces feature. In addition to present an understanding vision for the educational system and discuss its religious specialist , and give a definition for the educational role of the mosque and the continuity of this role in the light of having a new building for education. Though, mention the architectural roots which have various design styles and forms such as residential , religious or the charitable building, even the defensible architectural building like (fortresses,ribat). The conclusion for this research was oriented toward the architecture of school from the functional, the structural wise and discussing its architectural elements to show the aesthetical and artistic value for this architecture and discuss its major role in the urban fabric which is the most important goal for the research.
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Mafakheri, H. R., A. H. Hejazi, and M. Dashti. "Design of the Administrative Building of Kuhsar City under a Sustainable Architecture Concept Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 4 (August 26, 2016): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.723.
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This study investigates a sustainable approach in the design of the administrative building of the municipality and Islamic council of Kuhsar city, Iran. The initial design is inspired by a flower bud and the various stages of the design are described using actual images, 2-D plans and 3-D models. An extra focus is given to sustainable elements. Overall the design aims to deliver an energy sufficient yet aesthetically pleasing building.
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Mohd Razali, Noorul Huda, and Anuar Talib. "The Privacy Aspects in the Malay Dwelling." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 11 (May 20, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111.
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The Malay dwelling (MD) in Melaka demonstrated the Malay cultural norms, religious beliefs and the basic requirements of privacy in Islam. Privacy needs of the family members and the non-mahram visitor is determinant for designing the space planning in MD. Different types of dwelling size were selected in order to investigate the concept of privacy. Research methodology was designed on occupant observation, layout plan measurement and in-depth interviews. The results affect the privacy provisions and behaviors of MD occupants. Moreover, these findings assist to produce new design recommendations of layout plans, to achieve the privacy level from Islamic perspective.Keywords: Privacy; Malay dwelling; floor space planning; Islamic perspectives of privacyeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.111
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Bloom, Jonathan M. "On the Transmission of Designs in Early Islamic Architecture." Muqarnas 10 (1993): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1523168.
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Bloom, Jonathan M. "ON THE TRANSMISSION OF DESIGNS IN EARLY ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE." Muqarnas Online 10, no. 1 (1992): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-90000291.
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Singleton, Rebecca. "Architecture and intellectual property." Architectural Research Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 2011): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000893.
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For architects, intellectual property (IP) law is vital. Without it plans, building designs and models would have no value as others could copy them without payment. But what are an architect's rights and how are those rights retained in order to avoid commercial exploitation?The legislation for this area of law comes from the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), the Registered Designs Act 1949, the Trade Marks Act 1994 and the Patents Act 1977. IP itself is divided into those rights that are registrable at the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) and those that are not. Rights that must be registered before the work is protected include trademarks, patents and registered designs; IP rights that cannot be registered include copyright and unregistered design rights.
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Ghasemzadeh, Behnam, Atefeh Fathebaghalli, and Ali Tarvirdinassab. "SYMBOLS AND SIGNS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE." Revista Europeia de Estudos Artisticos 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37334/eras.v4i3.86.
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Throughout history, Islamic signs and signification were recognized and appreciated by both Muslim and Non-Muslim scholars. The Islamic style of architecture is not only used in mosques, but also in other Islamic buildings and even in gardens. The architecture encompasses both secular and religious artistic styles. The aim of this study is to contextualize the concept of Islamic architecture. It seeks to make the readers appreciate the heritage of Islamic architecture, and to clarify on misconceptions about Islamic architecture. This study examines various types of Islamic architecture and conducts a semiotic analysis of these works. The study defines the meaning and scope of Islamic architecture. It highlights the qualities and characteristics that make it unique and distinctive from other forms of architecture. It looks into the meanings and characteristics of the structures and explores the decorative styles used. Further, it explores the concept of Islamic architecture and analyses the meaning of some of the signs and significations. The findings indicate that the most common styles are calligraphy, geometry and floral designs. The study also finds that Islamic architecture encompasses both secular and religious artistic styles and has been influential in designing, constructing and decorating buildings in other cultures during both the ancient times and in the present day.
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Imaduddin, Muhamad. "INFUSING ISLAMIC VALUES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INTO CHEMISTRY FOR PRE-SERVICE ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SAINS (JPS) 7, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jps.7.1.2019.47-54.
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This paper discusses the designs in infusing Islamic values and sustainable development and how challenges must be faced in the training for pre-service Islamic elementary school teachers. The subjects of this study consisted of 77 primary school educational candidates who contracted "Simple Chemistry" lectures The instrument was The Chemical Essay Test Integrated Sustainable Development Aspects (CET-SD) containing Islamic discourse. Based on pedagogical planning, lesson plans are divided into four stages, consisting of (1) phase of contact; (2) phase of curiosity and planning; (3) phase of elaboration; and (4) phase of deepening and networking. The link between Islamic values and chemistry and the environment was well understood by pre-service teachers. Some challenges in teaching chemical content were found regarding with (1) difficulties with the relation between macro domain and submicro domain; (2) difficulties with the relation between symbolic domain and macro or submicro domain; (3) difficulties with models.
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Fina, Lien Iffah Naf’atu. "Southeast Asian Islamic Art and Architecture: Re-Examining The Claim of the Unity and Universality of Islamic Art." Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v1i2.1364.
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This paper re-examines the claim of unity and universality of Islamic art, whose discussion usually disregards Islamic art and architecture in the Southeast Asian context. The question raised is where Islamic art in the Malay world should be put before the claim of the unity and universality of Islamic art and whether this claim is, thus, still valid. To meet this objective, the two heritages of Javanese Islamic art, Demak and Cirebon mosques and wayang, are presented and analyzed before such universal claim and pre-Islamic Javanese art. These Javanese expressions have unique features compared to those from the older Muslim world. The mosques lack geometric ornamentation and Qur’anic calligraphic decoration, and are rich with symbolism. However, both the mosques and wayang also clearly express the figurative designs. Thus, this paper argues that instead of geometric designs as the unified character of Islamic art as some argue, it should be the abstraction of motifs. This way, the universal claim of Islamic art accommodates the artistic expressions from the wider regions, including those from Southeast Asia. Besides the abstraction, these Javanese artistic expressions also shares other universal character of traditional development of Islamic art; its ability to always considering the local tradition while maintaining the basic principle of Islamic art. Javanese Islamic art is both Islamic and uniquely Javanese. In the midst of globalization and the contemporary tendency towards “Islamic authentication” by importing culture and tradition from the Middle East, including the mosque architecture, the latter character is vital. It tells that any direct import and implantation of other or foreign traditions to a certain region without any process of considering the local tradition and context has no basis and legitimation in Islamic artistic tradition.
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Üstün, Berna, F. Özge Güven Ulusoy, Gamze Şensoy, and Fatma Kolsal. "A DESIGNER IN THE INTERSECTION OF ISLAMIC-OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE: THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT OF TURGUT CANSEVER (1920-2009)." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i4.5346.
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Architects in the history of architecture try to be understood by their ideas that their designs need to be present on earth. Turgut Cansever (1920-2009) is an important opponent architect who was prized by Aga Khan Awards for architecture three times in his professional life and established his architectural understanding of the architecture of Ottoman and Islamic culture. This study aims to describe the life and work of the architect and his opinion about Islamic-Ottoman Architecture. Setting his architectural conception on a broader belief, Cansever strengthens his apprehension of architecture with his practice and literature studies. This unique approach in his works is shaped by a point of view that criticizes modernity but aims to validate it by reinterpreting in line with Islamic architecture. The references in the background of the structures of Cansever is thought to be too complex to read at a time. The understanding of Cansever's original designer perspective will be possible through the discussion of his synthesis resulted from the thoughts of Islamic architecture, Ottoman Architecture and modern architecture, and their reflections on his structures.
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Agirbas, Asli, and Emel Ardaman. "Macro-scale designs through topological deformations in the built environment." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 2 (June 2017): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117714915.
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Design studies are being done on contemporary master-plans which may be applied in many locations worldwide. Advances in information technology are becoming the base model of design studies, and these may be more effective than the efforts of humans in the field of architecture and urban design. However, urban morphology variables and constants must be considered while designing contemporary master-plans in the existing built environment. The aims of this study were to extend the use of computer software for different applications and to make a topological work in the regional context. Accordingly, a case study was made using the nCloth simulation tools to create non-Euclidean forms while protecting the road system, which is one of the constant parameters of urban morphology in the built environment.
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Lisawati, Lisawati. "Comparative Study of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Leraning Management at Elementary School." WARAQAT : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51590/waraqat.v5i2.114.
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Islamic religious education learning at each educational institution has a different management pattern even though at one level within the education unit level, differences in management need to be disclosed as an effort to obtain information related to the strengths and weaknesses of each institution, related to this, this study aimed to find out the management of Islamic religious education carried out by teachers at two public elementary schools. From the data analysis conducted, Islamic religious education management at SD Negeri 02 and 13 Petok Pasaman are: 1) Islamic teachers carry out various preparations and designs before implementing learning, the preparation of learning plans was carried out through studies of various aspects related to learning. 2) the learning implementation by the teachers of SDN 02 was quite creative and innovative, in contrast to the Islamic religious education at SD Negeri 13 which still relies on conventional aspects of learning methods and media. 3)Islamic teacher of SD Negeri 02 Petok conducted a conceptual, structured, and systematic learning evaluation.
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Raja Mohd Yazit, Raja Nur Syaheeza, Elina Mohd Husini, Mohd Khedzir Khamis, and Yakubu Aminu Dodo. "Assessment on Accuracy of Design Science Research (DSR) Framework as a Daylighting Measurement Tool for Islamic Religious School." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, no. 17 (August 15, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2877.
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Daylight efficiency correlates to window design. Guidelines recommend a 20 per cent window-to-floor ratio (WFR) at 900mm windowsill height, where acceptable 300 lx to 500 lx measured at 900mm working plane height. However, Islamic religious schools use a 300mm height table known as ‘rehal’. Studies neglect the difference in required working plane height that effect window design and the illuminance level. A study was established to propose Syaheeza’s Daylight Rule of Thumb (DRT) for Islamic religious schools. This paper aims to highlight the reliability of the methodology framework used in Syaheeza’s DRT, such as surveys, Arabic handwriting performance assessment and computer simulations. Keywords: Daylighting; Islamic religious school; methodology framework eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2877
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Ghosh, Nabaparna. "MODERN DESIGNS: HISTORY AND MEMORY IN LE CORBUSIER’S CHANDIGARH." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1210048.
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Located at the foothills of the Sivalik Mountains, Chandigarh was the dream city of independent India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1952, Nehru commissioned the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier to design Chandigarh. Scholars often locate in Corbusier’s plans an urban modernity that required a break with the past. Moving away from such scholarship, this article will argue that Chandigarh marked a climactic moment in Le Corbusier’s career when he tried to weave together modern architecture with tradition, and through it, human beings with nature. A careful study of the cosmic iconography of Chandigarh clearly reveals that nature for Le Corbusier was more than a vast expanse of greenery: it was organized in symbolic ways, as a cosmic form emblematic of Hindu mythologies. I will argue that in addition to local conditions – economic and cultural – that impacted the actual execution of Le Corbusier’s plans, cosmic iconography shaped a modernism profoundly reliant on Hindu traditions. This iconography also inspired a new generation of Indian architects like Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (1927 – present). Doshi played a key role in authoring the postcolonial architectural discourse in India. Following Le Corbusier, he advocated an architectural modernism anchored in sacred Hindu traditions.
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WU, MENG-CHIOU, and RUNG-BIN LIN. "FINDING DICING PLANS FOR MULTIPLE PROJECT WAFERS FABRICATED WITH SHUTTLE MASK." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 01 (February 2008): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004186.
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Multiple project wafers (MPWs) containing different chip designs from many customers serves as an important vehicle for gaining access to advanced semiconductor process technology for prototyping innovative designs or low-volume production. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the methods for determining dicing plans for MPW was carried out. Dicing plans can be used to determine the number of MPWs needed to be fabricated before chip fabrication and employed to saw the wafers after fabrication. Several methods based on integer linear programming formulation and a heuristic based on simulated annealing was proposed. Through conducting experiments with industrial test cases, these proposed methods can achieve up to 50% wafer reduction in some cases and on average 18% and 38% reduction for low- and high-volume production, respectively. This study makes a contribution to MPW dicing and is also instrumental in developing better reticle floorplanning methods.
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Mesrizade, Ahad S. "The role of urban dispersion in rational energy usein the Islamic Republic of Iran." Vestnik MGSU, no. 9 (September 2020): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.9.1239-1248.
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Introduction. Growing urbanization entails the construction of secondary and tertiary highways, buildings, development and protection of the infrastructure, aimed at improving the performance of cities; these actions are closely related to power consumption. The experience has proven that the functional planning of urban areas influences urban transportation. Therefore, the link between urban dispersion and types of transportation has turned into one of arguable points. Uncontrollable and spontaneous urban growth, irrational nation-wide traffic and area planning boost the daily use of cars in the cities. Therefore, the study of the factors that influence suburban sprawl can influence the reduction in the number of urban cars. On the whole, suburban sprawl in Iran increases the distance between home and workplace, shopping malls and entertainment centres, and influences the use of personal vehicles and motorcycles. And it can pollute urban air and generate urban heat islands.
Materials and methods. The co-authors have taken advantage of the official statistics, examination findings, geographical maps, draft master plans for cities, integrated transportation plans, plans of engineering and communication infrastructures.
Results. Any spontaneous expansion of cities, irrational power consumption cause inefficient use of resources and negative economic and social results. Problems of urban dispersion is a feature of the Anthropocene epoch.
Conclusions. The co-authors employed document analysis (printed books, articles, and digital libraries). Rational energy consumption, harmonious urban development and gardening are only feasible if reliance on cars is eliminated. Also, given the development of information and communication technologies, withdrawal of cars from designs and plans of new cities in Iran may be of vital importance for the elimination of economic, social, and numerous other problems.
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Hashim, Mohd Haizra, Abdul Mu’ati Zamri Ahmad, Muhammad Pauzi Abdul Latif, and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos. "VISUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN NEGERI SEMBILAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 5, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2017.527.
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Visual communication in architecture is a genuine aspiration in realizing the relationship between the Malays and other communities. The composition of the models in this communication is very well organized and will remain relevant to be developed from time to time. It is an observation on the symbols, types of motifs and design aspects of the carvings, also the structural elements in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan.This also comprises the study of the chronology of the early history of the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan which has its linkages with the Islamic art. Emphasis is given to the diversity in the carving characteristics as a comparison regarding historical, cultural and environmental backgrounds. The delicacy of the craftsmanship among Malay carvers in Negeri Sembilan is reflected in their maturity and ability to fuse traditional elements and Islam. Symbols that have motifs in the carvings result from the carvers' observation and experience.The selection of these motifs is carefully made to ensure that they are the Islamic teachings and not deviating with the Islamic law. Carvings in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan are also crafted with an aim to beautify a piece of architecture made of various motifs. Those carved parts are always assured to maintain the balance with the surrounding space. Floral motifs are often combined with cosmic or geometrical motifs. In many cases, plant-based motifs are also prevalence translated into carvings. This is a tribute from the Malay carvers to beauty, perfection, and harmony of nature.
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Hashim, Mohd Haizra, Abdul Mu’ati Zamri Ahmad, Muhammad Pauzi Abdul Latif, and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos. "VISUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN NEGERI SEMBILAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 5, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2018.527a.
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Visual communication in architecture is a genuine aspiration in realizing the relationship between the Malays and other communities. The composition of the models in this communication is very well organized and will remain relevant to be developed from time to time. It is an observation on the symbols, types of motifs and design aspects of the carvings, also the structural elements in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan.
This also comprises the study of the chronology of the early history of the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan which has its linkages with the Islamic art. Emphasis is given to the diversity in the carving characteristics as a comparison regarding historical, cultural and environmental backgrounds. The delicacy of the craftsmanship among Malay carvers in Negeri Sembilan is reflected in their maturity and ability to fuse traditional elements and Islam. Symbols that have motifs in the carvings result from the carvers' observation and experience.
The selection of these motifs is carefully made to ensure that they are the Islamic teachings and not deviating with the Islamic law. Carvings in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan are also crafted with an aim to beautify a piece of architecture made of various motifs. Those carved parts are always assured to maintain the balance with the surrounding space. Floral motifs are often combined with cosmic or geometrical motifs. In many cases, plant-based motifs are also prevalence translated into carvings. This is a tribute from the Malay carvers to beauty, perfection, and harmony of nature.
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Peng, Kuan-Li, and Chin-Yu Huang. "Reliability Evaluation of Service-Oriented Architecture Systems Considering Fault-Tolerance Designs." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/160608.
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Service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides an elastic and automatic way to discover, publish, and compose individual services. SOA enables faster integration of existing software components from different parties, makes fault tolerance (FT) feasible, and is also one of the fundamentals of cloud computing. However, the unpredictable nature of SOA systems introduces new challenges for reliability evaluation, while reliability and dependability have become the basic requirements of enterprise systems. This paper proposes an SOA system reliability model which incorporates three common fault-tolerance strategies. Sensitivity analysis of SOA at both coarse and fine grain levels is also studied, which can be used to efficiently identify the critical parts within the system. Two SOA system scenarios based on real industrial practices are studied. Experimental results show that the proposed SOA model can be used to accurately depict the behavior of SOA systems. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis that quantizes the effects of system structure as well as fault tolerance on the overall reliability is also studied. On the whole, the proposed reliability modeling and analysis framework may help the SOA system service provider to evaluate the overall system reliability effectively and also make smarter improvement plans by focusing resources on enhancing reliability-sensitive parts within the system.
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Hashmi, Arsala. "Philosophy of Interior Design in Mughal Era Mosques of Lahore: A case study of Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 01, no. 02 (December 2018): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.12.04.
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A great reflection and convergence of Persian, Turkish and Indian architecture is observed in Mughal architecture, which is known as a remarkably symmetrical and decorative amalgamation of these architectures. Muslim and non-Muslim scholars of history have appreciated, identified and recognized the extremely attractive Mughal signs, decorations and beautifications. It has been observed that Mughal architecture is not limited and specified to mosques only but has been used in all other Islamic buildings including their gardens. These signs and decorations have combined different features, elements and components of Islamic architecture and art together. Mughal era has been known as the greatest era which defined the splendid and extravagant phase of Islamic architecture. Therefore, the basic purpose of this paper is to find out how these features and decorations of Mughal architecture used in mosques stem from Islamic principles. The basic aim is to conduct the semiotic analysis of two mosques of Mughal era which have been selected for examination and identification. Hence, this study outlines the importance and scope of Mughal mosque architecture. It examines the decorative style used in this architecture by scrutinizing the basic characteristics of its structure. Moreover, it discovers the real purpose and spiritual meaning of these mosques. The spiritual values are considered significant as they influence the spirit that brings harmony in life. Throughout the Islamic world, this spiritual aspect has been observed as the most dominant factor and element which gives an important underlying message to all Islamic art. Mughals have played a significant role in Islamic art which cannot be ignored and avoided. The findings indicate that the typical Mughal mosques are not just mere representation of religious buildings or places for worship, instead they are something more than that. These mosques have their spiritual connection with art and architecture which cannot be ignored. Their color, shape, volume, texture, and designs all offer the fundamental message of Islam, the incarnation of “peace” and “submission” from which Mughal mosques derive their uniqueness in architecture.
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Friesen, Hans. "Architektur und Ethik." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 66, no. 6 (January 21, 2019): 805–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2018-0058.
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Abstract The architect who plans and designs our living environment in town and country can neither think exclusively technologically nor act completely independently. Rather, his designs and actions are always in moral relation to the environment, i. e. to nature and landscape as well as to the city/town or the people who live daily with and within the built space and thus have a kind of effective group affiliation. But to what extent does architecture – in the sense of Hegel’s phrase the “sensuous in the meaningful” – already possess ethical implications?
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Rasdi, Mohammad Tajuddin Mohd, and Nik Syazwan. "Islam, Modern Society and Islamic Architecture: The Thoughts of Hijjas Kasturi." Journal of Islamic Architecture 4, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i4.4468.
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<p>Hijjas Kasturi is probably the most well known Malay Muslim architect in Malaysia and in Asia. He has been in practice for 50 years and is known for many of his iconic building designs throughout Malaysia and the Muslim world. This paper attempts to provide important insights into Hijjas’s ideas of Islam as a religion and its practice in the modern world. With this insight, we can better place his design approach in Islamic architecture as a product of both his modernist ideology bred from his education background and his rootedness into the Malay Muslim social and political contexts. Hijjas has been consistent in his design approach in that he had never given in to the client’s request for a more traditional approach which usually means the revivalistic or eclectic design direction. In an era when the Muslim world is struggling between the extremism of traditional Islam and modern life inn the social and political arena, it is important to look at design as part and parcel of not only an art of building but also a holistic product of the reinterpretation of the religion in a new and progressive light. This research provides Hijjas own thoughts through an interview of which excerpts from that session are used in this paper.</p>
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Waddell, Gene. "The First Monticello." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990142.
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Thomas Jefferson became an architect while designing the first Monticello. His first house is one of the best-documented pre-Revolutionary buildings in the United States, and his records reveal why he chose an unusual location, how he used design sources, why he changed his designs during construction, how far he executed his designs, and why he largely destroyed the house. He prepared a series of three basically different but closely related floor plans: the first square, the second rectangular, and the third cruciform. His initial landscape design was to reshape the top of a mountain into a truncated pyramid with terraces. He later redesigned the house for aesthetic, rather than political, reasons.
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Milhous, Judith, and Robert D. Hume. "James Lewis's Plans for an Opera House in the Haymarket (1778)." Theatre Research International 19, no. 3 (1994): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030788330000660x.
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In 1780 James Lewis published the first of two magnificent folios, entitledOriginal Designs in Architecture. The title page explains that it consists of ‘Plans, Elevations, and Sections, for Villas, Mansions, Town-Houses, &c. and a New Design for a Theatre. With Descriptions, and Explanations of the Plates, and an Introduction’. Plates XIX-XXII are for ‘a New Theatre, designed for the Opera’. In fact, the designs are for a new opera house intended to occupy the site on which John Vanbrugh's Queen's/King's Theatre in the Haymarket had stood since 1705. The building would consume all the existing site and much of the surrounding property. Lewis explains the origins of his plans: ‘Our Theatres being upon a very small scale, compared with those of other principal cities in Europe, about two years ago [that is, in 1778] a report prevailed that a New Theatre was intended to be built by subscription, which might serve as well for all Dramatick Performances, as Concerts, Assemblies, Masquerades, &c. And the proprietors of the Opera House intending to purchase several adjoining houses and ground, to render the theatre eligible for the various purposes mentioned, suggested the idea of making a design adapted to the situation of the present Opera House, with the principal front towards Pall Mall’ (p. 12). This grand edifice would be like no other theatre in London.
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Boutros, Ramez. "Dimensions and Proportions in Egypt’s Byzantine Religious Architecture." Journal of the Canadian Society for Coptic Studies 12 (December 3, 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jcscs.2020.86435971.
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In the study of Egypt’s Byzantine religious architecture, modern scholarship has been focusing essentially on es- tablishing the typology of plans and their relative chronology. Church building activity has also been studied by using the written sources complimented by the archaeological evidence. is abundant Christian archaeological material shows an amazing variety and complexity in church designs. ere is a need of a rationalized analysis of the proportion ratios of the church buildings, and a necessity to focus on the dominant factors dictating its size, the type of its structure, and the quantities of materials used in its construction. e study of geometric shapes and the evolution of their sacred perceptions is yet another interesting facet of this type of architecture. e purpose of this paper is to explore new approaches in studying the proportion ratios and its correlation with the measuring units used in Byzantine church architecture and the existence of any symbolic concepts.
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Gaber, Tammy. "Islamic Geometric Design." American Journal of Islam and Society 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i1.963.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of Islamic geometric design has been described in numerous ways:Keith Critchlow’s Islamic Patterns and Syed Jan Abbas and Amer ShakerSalman’s Symmetries of Islamic Geometrical Patterns, both highly esotericinterpretations; Owen Jones’ Grammar of Ornament, Emile Prisse d’Avennes’L’Art arabe d’apres les monuments du Kaire, and Jules Bourgoin’s ArabicGeometrical Pattern and Design, all descriptions of drawing collections; andeven as a theme for countless “coffee table” books resplendent with glossyphotographs of exotic patterns and colors.Is it fair to evaluate this book without tending to imagine the previouscategories of this study? Years ago I led a course on this topic and desperatelytried to juggle the beautiful, historic, and hands-on practical manifestationsof the sacred through drawing particular geometric patterns over and over again. For this course I needed to select chapters, or portions of the abovementionedtexts in addition to the comprehensive works of K. A. Creswellin Early Muslim Architecture, Doris Behrens-Abou Seif’s Mamluks of Cairoand Minarets of Cairo, as well as other architectural studies, and interpretand reconstruct the designs in order to teach them. It was a research projectof sorts where the outcome was not textual but pedagogical.While reading this text by Eric Broug, I felt that he had gone through asimilar but far more prolonged process. His book stands alone for severalreasons: the author (1) weaves knowledge of the historical, recognition ofthe beautiful, and reconstruction of the practical regarding patterns. The succinctexplanatory text, incredible detailed photography in situ, and clear stepby-step diagrams converge to elucidate this rich material; (2) outlines theinfluence of other artistic traditions and the development of a clear type of“Islamic geometry” that is easily recognizable; and (3) concentrates on thedesign approach of craftspeople, which was separate and concurrent with thescientific study of geometry. This difference is important: craftspeople appliedgeometric patterns to various surfaces and were concerned with aestheticcompositions; whereas scientists contemplated the complex patternsin terms of mathematical geometries ...
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Elwazani, Salim A. "Sacral Qualities of Form in Mosque Architecture." American Journal of Islam and Society 12, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 478–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i4.2367.
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By the year 800 c.E., and within less than two centuries from the inceptionof Islam, a new religious and secular architecture materialized in a vastarea: western Asia, all of North Africa, and southern Spain. The archeologicaland textual references for these projects have provided us with awealth of physical and descriptive evidence of the emerging building typesand forms of Islamic architecture. The mosque, for example, developedinto a well-defined building type with characteristic physical feams andspatial organization, among them the mihrdh, the minhur, calligraphicinscriptions, and surface Ornamentation, all of which are architectural elementswhose designs and dispositions in the mosque space have taken onvarious reoccurring patterns.The theological rationalization behind the historical evolution ofmosque architecture is more formidable to consolidate, however, for informationis scarce and it is difficult to interpret subjective information. TheQur’an decreed emphatically the, Salah (prayer) but did not describe whatfeatures a house of worship should incorporate. The Prophet taught Salahto early Muslims and continued to lead the faithful in prayer in the architecturallymodest mosque of Madinah. When the spatial requirements forcongregational mosques became apparent, such architectural features asthe mihrcth appeared ...
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Sharath Kumar, D. R. V. A., Ch Srinivas Kumar, Ragamayi S., P. Sampath Kumar, K. Saikumar, and Sk Hasane Ahammad. "A test architecture design for SoCs using ATAM method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp719-727.
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Test arranging is a basic issue in structure on-a-chip (S.O.C) experiment mechanization. Capable investigation designs constrain the general organization check request time, keep away from analysis reserve conflicts, in addition to purpose of restriction control disseminating in the midst of examination manner. In this broadsheet, we absent a fused method to manage a couple of test arranging issues. We first present a system to choose perfect timetables for sensibly evaluated SOC’s among need associations, i.e., plans that spare alluring orderings among tests. This furthermore acquaints a capable heuristic estimation with plan examinations designed for enormous S.O.Cs through need necessities in polynomial occasion. We portray a narrative figuring with the purpose of uses pre-emption of tests to secure capable date-books in favour of SOCs. Exploratory marks on behalf of an educational S-O-C plus a cutting edge SOC exhibit with the aim of capable investigation timetables be able to subsist gained in sensible CPU occasion.
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Pandey, Anjali. "WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF KALIYADEH MAHAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1531.
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Water in architecture of India played an important role in the culture. Indians developed the traditional hydro engineering to conserve Rain water, Ground water, river, and other natural resources. It could be seen since earliest times. Stepwells were first used as an art form by the Hindus and they influenced many other structures, Mughal Gardens are the examples of the incorporation of water in the design of Architecture. The designs of the gardens are of the medieval Islamic Period.
Kaliadeh Mehel near Bheravgarh Fort at the bank of River Kshripa. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) is well known and one of the most famous historical landmarks of Madhya Pradesh, it is the fusion of Hindu – Persian architecture. The palace has the exclusive designed water system.
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Ebrahimi, Mansoureh, and Kamaruzaman Yusoff. "The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Mosques in Malaysia." Asian Culture and History 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v10n2p45.
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According to Malaysia Town and Country Planning Guideline and Standards (2002), two major considerations related to mosque usage and management are sufficient areas for both building and adjacent open space. As a sacred place for prostration to Almighty God, individually or in groups, mosque architecture has evolved considerably, from very simple designs and functions to more sophisticated forms and layouts. In Malaysia, various races have significantly influenced mosque design and function. The present work describes this evolution in terms of well-known mosques via qualitative observations and documentation, from earliest to latest architectural developments. Our findings demonstrate that architectural evolution and/or transformation did not alter the mosque’s main function from an Islamic perspective. Nonetheless, designs and structure did benefit usage, to include the attraction of tourists.
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Ahmed, Ar Sayed. "THE SPIRITUAL SEARCH OF ART OVER ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE WITH NON-FIGURATIVE REPRESENTATIONS." Journal of Islamic Architecture 3, no. 1 (September 2, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v3i1.2538.
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Art behind Islamic architecture actually based on geometric patterns, developed through a continuous practice<br />over the centuries after centuries by the influences of various earlier cultures such as Greek, Roman,<br />Byzantine, Central Asian and Persian. Basic shapes like squares and rectangles play significant role in Islamic<br />architecture.The reason is, it might recall the principles that govern the order of the world- ‘Purity’, could<br />only be resembled by pure forms. The façades built by rectangular bricks tend to shape the built form in<br />regular modules. This brickwork casts shadows in strong desert sunlight and creates a three-dimensional effect<br />as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various<br />pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined<br />together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral<br />forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of<br />calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena?<br />As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger,<br />the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a<br />bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to<br />constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms,<br />therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of<br />mankind- Art of the complete surrender.
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Yaneva, Albena, and Liam Heaphy. "Urban controversies and the making of the social." Architectural Research Quarterly 16, no. 1 (March 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135512000267.
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On the one hand, architectural knowledge advances very rapidly, with new types of materials and technological innovations entering the field and multiplying architectural invention. On the other hand, urban experts, architects and engineers often debate publicly uncertain urban knowledge and technologies, risky plans and daring designs, polarising opinion - as witnessed on numerous blogs, citizen forums and architecture websites. This radical transformation in building technologies, in the reliance upon experts and in the expansion of architectural networks could have remained practically invisible were it not for the presence of another phenomenon: the digitalisation of architecture and the availability of enormous Internet databases. The digital technologies at our command provide us with abundant resources to follow architectural controversies.
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Mohd Hussain, Nur Huzeima, Khalilah Hassan, and Norizan Mt Akhir. "Contemplating the Islamic Garden and Malay Traditional Landscape from the Quran." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 13 (August 25, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.142.
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Beliefs and interpretations from the Islamic concept have influenced the emergence and extensions of many landscape designs including the Malay landscape. This paper contemplates the significant relation between the Malay landscape and Islamic garden concept through established references. The main intention is to identify, analysing and establishing the landscape elements, design characteristic and their functions as the research attributes. This paper uses the imagery evidence from the Quran to support the study analyses and discussions. The conclusions will lead towards all possible dimensions of Islamic Malay landscape in cultural, traditional and sustainability context for future resilient.Keywords: Malay; landscape; element; Islamic concept.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.142
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Mohd Hussain, Nur Huzeima, Khalilah Hassan, and Norizan Mt Akhir. "Establishing the Malay Landscape Elements through Islamic Garden Perspective." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i3.363.
Full textAbstract:
Beliefs and interpretations from the Islamic concept have influenced the emergence and extensions of many landscape designs including the Malay landscape. This paper reviews the significant relation between the Malay landscape and Islamic garden concept through established references. The main intention is to identify, analyzing and establishing the landscape elements, design characteristic and their functions as the research attributes. This paper uses the imagery evidence from the Quran to support the study analyses and discussions. The conclusions will lead towards all possible dimensions of Islamic Malay landscape in cultural, traditional and sustainability context for future resilient.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Malay; landscape; element; Islamic concept
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Tavakkoli, Behrouz, and Raana Cinmarasl. "Geometry of the form and designs of Ilkhani tombs' tower of Azerbaijan (Case study: Qarabagh Bardaeh tomb' tower)." Historia Y MEMORIA, no. 20 (December 5, 2019): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n20.2020.10295.
Full textAbstract:
The seventh and eighth centuries of the Hijri calender were the era when Azerbaijan's architecture flourished. During this period, a special style of funerary architecture was developed in the form of a tower-shaped tomb, the scope of its effects extending from Azerbaijan and reaching Khorasan and Turkestan in the east, and Asia Minor and Mamluk Egypt. Considering the centrality of Azerbaijan during the period of the Ilkhanite of this region, the architectural styles flourished in this temporal and spatial period, which later became known as Azeri-style architecture. Parallel to other religious monuments, the tower-shaped tombs found a privileged position in Islamic architecture. Its best examples are the mausoleum tower of Bardaeh in Qarabagh, Sheikh Safi, and Sheikh Heydar, Soltanieh, Ghaffarieh and Qara Baghlar. The purpose of the present study is to recognize the architectural and decorative structure, and to analyze the geometric patterns used in the Azerbaijan tombs, with emphasis on the Qarabagh Bardaeh tomb tower, as a persistent pattern. In order to achieve these goals, the tombs were studied with an interpretive and qualitative strategy, through historical and library studies and field analysis. The designs and decorations were documented, recognized and analyzed.
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Ahmad, Anisah Bahyah Hj, and Wan Kamal Mujani. "AN EVALUATION OF THE EARLIEST THOUGHT AND PHILOSOPHY ON MOSQUES IN MALACCA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7472.
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Purpose of the study: This study discusses architectural thought and philosophy that focus on traditional mosques in Melaka in the 18th century. Amongst the oldest and most famous mosques in Melaka are the Peringgit Mosque (1720 AD), Kampung Hulu Mosque (1728 AD), Tengkera Mosque (1728 AD) and Kampung Keling Mosque (1748 AD).
Methodology: In this study, the qualitative methodology focusing on research was used where the analysis of documents and observations were conducted.
Main Findings: The finding of this study revealed that the architectural philosophy shows human relationships with nature are based on the divine concept. The architectural features also illustrate the philosophy of human life and the beauty of the architecture illustrates the height or level of values in individuals. The beauty of the mosque is highlighted through the motifs in the mosque’s decorations which have no contradiction to Islamic values.
Applications of this study: This study involved two historical mosques in Melaka, which are the Tengkera Mosque (1728 AD) and Kampung Hulu Mosque (1728 AD).
Novelty/Originality of this study: These mosques have been directly influenced by the characteristics of Islamic, Chinese and Indian architecture; in the context of building structures, designs and decorations. This study showed that although the Islamic community was influenced by external elements, they were an open-minded community and willing to accept and adapt to such influence.
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Carrano, Andres L., Brian K. Thorn, and Guillermo Lopez. "An integer programming approach to the construction of trend-free experimental plans on split-plot designs." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 25, no. 1 (January 2006): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6125(06)80031-2.
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Eghosa Noel, Ekhaese, and Adeboye Albert Babajide. "Green Agenda: A Socio-Cultural Response to Sick Building Syndrom (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) in African Domestic Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.32.
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Green agenda is a participatory method for developing and implementing local sustainable development strategies and plans with active involvement of different sectors in the local community where the process is conducted. But Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) are building concerns in African cities, because building designs, materials and styles are alien the culture and climate. The focus of the paper therefore was to deploy sustainability parameters (Green Agenda) to address SBS and BRI in African Domestic Architecture. Taking into consideration the three main aspects of green agenda which includes; identifying local values, process participation and genuinely owned result. The methodology employed was quantitative and qualitative. The findings revealed that the research had addressed the issues of imported design, sick building syndrome and building related illness using sustainability considerations. The study result has shown that the three aspects of local green agenda has socio-cultural nuance in Domestic Architecture that includes the values, beliefs, available materials in the studied community. This pre-supposes that building design necessarily need to have organic content (i.e. it has to be culture specific, socially responsive and environmentally friendly). Organic designs however have proved to be sustainable and also one of the way out of SBS and BRI. Keywords: Green Agenda, Agenda 21, Habitat Agenda, Socio-Cultural, Domestic Architecture, SBS and BRI
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Crunelle, M. "A Problem in Perception: Living in Trapezoidal Spaces." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0108.
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In journals devoted to architecture one comes more and more often across plans referring to spaces with vanishing, non-parallel, and split walls and other spaces—banana-shaped or perhaps trapezoidal. With respect to these last ones, I shall refrain from discussing the advantages or drawbacks of such solutions, but shall deal with a real problem inherent in them. Such plans are not new. Trapezoidal rooms can be found in circular or outward radiating designs. A prime example is Maison de la Radio in Paris. There the rooms with non-parallel walls are all parts of a circular annulus. People working in such spaces complain of discomfort they cannot identify. I shall try to put forward an explanation. The discussion will be extended to other, larger trapezoidal spaces—the Modern Art Museum in Frankfurt—and open spaces—Piazza del Campidoglio and Piazza San Pietro in Rome—so as to analyse the consequences of the strange effects of counterperspective.
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Islam, Sk Zohirul. "Six-Pointed Star Motif in Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh (Past Bengal) and Turkish Influence: An Historical Study." Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v2i1.565.
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With the rise of Islamic states as the dominant powers of India and Indian Sub- Continent (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) and South Asia Sultanate and Mughal period (1200-1800 A.D.), by Turkish heroic figure (horsemen), Indian art was subjected to Islamic influence, resulting in a hybrid aesthetics as well as Indo- Islamic art which flourished to varying extends across south and southeast Asia. Bangladesh is world third largest Muslim majority country and situated in South Asia. So the main and primary identity of the notion is mosque architecture and then languages via culture in Bangladesh (past Bengal). Moreover, Traditional history called Mughal and ottoman was the center of all traders and referred as the “Middle Man” due to access to water routes between Asia and Europe. The Ottoman and Mughal Empires were all founded with art and architecture by members of the same ethnically Turkic tribe and originated from Oghuz tribe. Firstly, in the early 14th century, Osman Bey established a small principality in the northeast corner of Anatolia. Despite these many similarities, there are some key difference within the approach to Islamic Art and Architecture from Miniatures Illustrations in Indian Sub-Continent to Mosque architecture in Turkey and the Levant the Mughal and Ottoman empires left their indications.Turkish Military Ikhtiyar Uddin bin Muhammad Bhaktiyer Khilji and his Turkish followers captured Bengal in 1204 A.D. and after then ruled by Turkic. Besides these many Sufis saint-like Khan Jahan Ulugh Khan, Burhan Khan, Gharib Shah, came here and spread Islam and Turkish culture with languages too. The Ilyas Shahi dynasty was the first independent Turkic Muslim ruling dynasty in late medieval Bengal, which ruled from the 14th century to the 15th century. It was founded in 1342 by Shamsuddin Iliyas Shah. As follows still presence many Turkish words which used in the Bengali language as Barood, Nishan, Chaku, Bahadur, Begum, Chadar, Surma, bavarchi, kiyma, Korma, and so on. And then showed their power through art and architecture as Mosques and Tombs follows Adina Masjid at Pandua in 1368 A.D.; Eklakhi mausoleum, Pandua; Tomb of Shah Rukn-e Alam in Multan, Sixty Domed Mosque at Bagherhat of Bangladesh, etc. Based on all evidence present, it can be found that the Turks contributed significantly to Bengali languages and culture as well as art and architecture (Mosques and Tombs). Besides many Jewish people came in here through missionary and business purposes. And also we see that there have been found many designs in mosque architecture especially six-point stars which is mentioned as a David symbol. So my focus is the Connectivity between Turkish and Bangladesh through Islamic architecture and Jewish with six point star/hexagon/seal of Solomon. It is a historical study with a journalistic approach.
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Shoked, Noam. "Design and Contestation in the Jewish Settlement of Hebron, 1967–87." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2020.79.1.82.
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In Design and Contestation in the Jewish Settlement of Hebron, 1967–87, Noam Shoked explores how this settlement, built on lands Israel captured from Jordan in the Six-Day War of 1967, became a site of both collaboration and confrontation among architects, settlers, and government officials. Working for the government, architects at first sought to mitigate the ambitions of the settlers, but their plans were undermined by unexpected actors, such as amateur archaeologists and volunteer architects, who commandeered their designs. Unearthing the architectural history of the settlement, this article questions the received history of settlement design as the outcome of military strategy and points to the unanticipated ways in which Hebron's religious settlers drew on mainstream architectural culture to fashion their identities.
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Waheed, Mohammed Abbas, Azzad Bader Saeed, and Thanaa Hussein Abd. "Signalling load reduction in 5G network based on cloud radio access network architecture." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 5127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5127-5136.
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The rapid growth of both mobile users and application numbers has caused a huge load on the core network (CN). This is attributed to the large numbers of control messages circulating between CN entities for each communication or service request, however, making it imperative to develop innovative designs to handle this load. Consequently, a variety of proposed architectures, including a software defined network (SDN) paradigm focused on the separation of control and data plans, have been implemented to make networks more flexible. Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture has been suggested for this purpose, which is based on separating base band units (BBU) from several base stations and assembling these in one place. In this work, a novel approach to realize this process is based on SDN and C-RAN, which also distributes the control elements of the CN and locates them alongside the BBU to obtain the lowest possible load. The performance of this proposed architecture was evaluated against traditional architecture using MATLAB simulation, and. the results of this assessment indicated a major reduction in signalling load as compared to that seen in the traditional architecture. Overall, the number of signalling messages exchanged between control entities was decreased by 53.19 percent as compared to that seen in the existing architecture.
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Resan, Ahmad Niima. "The impact of utilizing the Quran evidences in collecting the subject of The Islamic Arabic History and heading towards them by 2nd year intermediate students." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 126 (September 15, 2018): 294–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i126.65.
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The present research aims to identify the impact of the use of Quranic evidence in the collection of Arab Islamic history and towards it among second grade students. In order to achieve this, the researcher adopted a experimental design in the field of experimental designs with partial control. The sample consisted of 64 students, (B) to represent the experimental group, which is taught in the Quranic test method (32) students and (d) to represent the control group, which is taught in the traditional way The researcher conducted the equivalence between the two research groups, and the statistical results proved the parity of the two groups. The researcher formulated the behavioral goals for the research subjects and prepared the teaching plans, the test and the measurement of the direction, and then presented them all to the experts and verified the truthfulness and consistency and applied the final achievement test, Data processing statistically, there is a difference of statistical significance for the benefit of the experimental group, and accordingly the researcher made a number of suggestions and recommendations.
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Elnaggar, Hala Barakat. "Heritage Resources as a Method to Reviving the Identity of Contemporary Interior Designs A Comparative Analysis of Users' Preferences of Interior Space." Academic Research Community publication 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v1i1.109.
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Egyptian heritage is known to be a result of many great civilizations. With various traditional elements and special features that add prominence to its cultural aspects, it carries magnificent aesthetic values and visual forms. Nonetheless, and due to the different nature of the cities and provinces in Egypt, styles and features in each region have taken different paths. For instance, Ancient Egyptians influenced some areas while others were more affected by Islamic or Coptic civilizations. Some regions were preserved in Nubian folk art heritage form. In the past, the country had a clear and unique identity that reflected its characteristics, environmental benefits and socio-cultural attributes. However, today the identity is faded and is nearly completely wiped by Western notions erasing our ideas, identities, and thoughts. This study focuses on the elements of heritage, their impact on people and the way these elements inspire interior architecture, form and psychology.This study aims to discern the elements of heritage and identify the character and special criteria of each civilization such as the Ancient Egyptian, Islamic and Nubian folk art heritage with special references and clarifications as to the criteria of reviving the traditional identity in contemporary interior design. This study will also include an analysis of user preferences in relation to discussed features.
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Danielisz, Dóra. "Spatial Formation in 16-19th Century Calvinist Church Architecture: The Calvinist Churches of Sepsiszék." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10608.
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One of the less-known and less researched regions of the Carpathian Basin is Sepsiszék, which as part of Háromszék County, was one of Greater Hungary’s southeastern frontier-guard areas. After the Reformation, the population of the region became almost exclusively the followers of one of the Protestant tendencies with Calvinism gathering the most members. Due to the location of the area, Sepsiszék and its vicinity – the former territory of the county - is home to Europe’s easternmost Protestant communities to this day. Thanks to the unique cultural, religious and social environment, the unique development of local church designs notably enriches the history of Protestant religious architecture.The survey documentation of the area’s 32 Calvinist churches along with the schematic analysis of architectural history was carried out during the summer of 2015. The central question of the research was how did the assessed churches accommodate the spatial demands of the new liturgy, and what tendencies can be identified regarding the shaping of the space. The interior layout, galleries, additions to the buildings, the proportions in the floor plans and spatial ratios will be the topics through which these questions will be answered. After tracing the locally observable main characteristics of Protestant spatial formation, similarities with Hungarian and international examples will also be explored.
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Tulić, Damir, and Mario Pintarić. "Io Antonio Michelazzi Architetto di professione. Nepoznati majstorovi projekti i nacrti za Krk, Omišalj, Senj, Karlobag i Rijeku." Ars Adriatica 9 (February 28, 2020): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.2927.
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The article brings twelve unknown designs and projects of Rijeka’s sculptor and altar maker Antonio Michelazzi (Gradisca d’Isonzo, 1707 – Rijeka, 1771). The earliest two designs, dating from 1750 and linked to the island of Krk, are today preserved at the Archivio di Stato in Venice. One is a ground plan and assessment of a public ruin in the town of Krk, and the other a panoramic view of the Omišalj bay. A newly discovered document clarifies Michelazzi’s commissioning by the Trieste administration in charge of Rijeka, Senj, and Karlobag, since Empress Maria Theresa appointed him the imperial-royal architect in 1755. In that capacity, Michelazzi worked on a dozen plans and projects for public works in Senj and Karlobag during 1757 and 1758. He drew a map of Senj with a project for modernizing the city port and its defence against stormy winds. A particularly important project was his plan to redirect the stream that ran through the town into the harbour of Senj, for which he designed a new riverbed. There were also projects for prisons in the citadel, a health office, a slaughterhouse, and butcher shops. In Karlobag, he made a project for the renovation of the citadel, butcher shops, a new cistern, and a public administrative-residential building on the main town square. His last design and project was a new slaughterhouse with butcher shops in Rijeka in 1770. Although most of Michelazzi’s designs were never put in practice because of the lack of finances, the designs published here are the first of this kind in his known oeuvre, which will certainly grow further, since he was also involved in architecture besides sculpture and altar making.
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Morrison, Tessa, and Mark Rubin. "DO UTOPIAN CITY DESIGNS FROM THE SOCIAL REFORM LITERATURE OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES RESONATE WITH A MODERN AUDIENCE?" Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163244.
Full textAbstract:
Utopian cities from social reform literature from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries were a serious attempt to improve living and working conditions of their time. Some of this literature included a design for a city that would be complimentary to and enhance the political philosophy of the respective authors. Four of the most famous works which include a plan of a city are, Tommaso Campanella’s Civitas Solis (City of the Sun) (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae’s Christianopolis (1619), Robert Owen’s Villages of Co-operation (1817 & 1830) and James Silk Buckingham’s Victoria (1849). These works are frequently featured in literature on utopian cities. However, no consideration is given to whether these ‘utopian’ cities have any value as urban plans or whether they incorporate any desirable urban features. These urban designs of the city are significant to political philosophies because the cities are presented as being integral to such philosophies. This paper considers the following questions: ‘Do the main principles behind the initial political philosophies and their coinciding plan endure within the design of these cities?’ ‘Does a modern audience perceive in these cities the features that made them utopian in the centuries in which they were planned?’
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Farshchi, Hamidreza, Fariborz Sediqi Arfaei, Vahid Askari Kashan, and Fatemeh Jamali. "Manifestation of Culture in Traditional Architecture of Iranian House Based on Old Houses in Kashan." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n2p185.
Full textAbstract:
<pre>Culture has huge effect on designing architecture form and space and also on quality of resident lives. Architecture applied in the places should be based on recognition of resident culture so as to satisfy their mental and physical needs, otherwise they would not be able to communicate with the space and feel pleasant sense of belonging. Although most designers focus on significance and influence of culture on building, they simply ignore the essence of culture and its impact on designs. In this research, in order to recognize how Islamic Iranian culture components manifest in the body of traditional house architecture, old houses in Kashan by using case study and descriptive and analytical method are studied. Considering culture elements including values, national norms and customs, myths and religious beliefs, spatial hierarchy, internal and external consistency, privacy, and communication with the nature and type of planning as the main criteria, this conclusion can be drawn that despite of all functional and regional limitations, architects pay adequate attention to resident culture and its impact on the deepest layers of their mind. Such researches are truly essential to survive contemporary housing pattern which is constantly falling into decline under the municipal laws.</pre>