Academic literature on the topic 'Islamic architecture – Iraq'

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Journal articles on the topic "Islamic architecture – Iraq"

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Al-Qahtany, Hani Mohammad. "Islamic architecture as a reflection of functionalism and interactionism: conceptual origins in culture and sociology." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910902875762.

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What kind of society does Islamic architecture reflect? What are the basic units and forms of Islamic society associated with Islamic architecture, and what kinds of relationships existed among its individuals? Is Islamic society a ‘uniform society’ or a ‘multi-layered society’? These fundamental questions are at the centre of this study. This paper explores the basic intellectual, social and environmental aspects that have shaped Islamic architecture. It explores these aspects as reflected in the building forms of Muslim societies. Functionalism and interactionism are two major schools of modern sociology. As a social phenomenon, Islamic architecture is examined in the light of these two schools. The urban fabric of the traditional Islamic city as an example of functionalism in architecture is examined with reference to the ruined city of Sāmarrāʾ, in Iraq; and examples of Ottoman architecture are considered as models of interactionism in city planning and architecture. The works of three major figures in contemporary Arab thought, Muḥammad Abed Al-Jabri and ʿAbdullah Al-ʿArawī from Morocco, and Mohammad Al-Anṣārī from Bahrain, are considered in this paper. Their thoughts and views are used as vehicles to test some innate features of Islamic architecture. The influence of language and the desert, two exceptionally important factors that have shaped the culture of Muslim societies and its manifestation in architecture, is also explored. The findings of this paper, although still at a preliminary stage, reiterate the major concepts of the medieval Arab scholar Ibn Khaldūn, in his Muqaddimah, in an architectural context.
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Al-Haidary, Ali. "Vanishing point: the abatement of tradition and new architectural development in Baghdad's historic centers over the past century." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 38–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802622488.

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This article gives an extensive, detailed historic overview of Baghdad's unique architectural heritage from its ancient Sumerian roots in design through the Islamic and modern periods by an Iraqi professor of architecture. The functionally and aesthetically integrated residential architecture of the ancient Sumerians, its labyrinthine network of abutting houses with open inner-courtyards, ingenious ventilation systems, and enclosed balconies (shanāshīl) that formed the warp and weft1 of the fabric of the urban society which it supported for millennia is disappearing. The ancient patterns which still survive in Baghdad are not only emblematic of Middle Eastern architecture but are the essential imprint of Babel (Babylon) – the mother of all cities. The author demonstrates how modernization and rapid changes brought on by economic growth and population explosions led to unregulated building projects that were often conceived and implemented by foreign firms in abject disregard of the unique and irreplaceable cultural heritage of Iraq. Landmarks of culture have already been lost, and there is much still to lose, but it is not too late if proper funds, urban planning and action at the level of the individual can be marshalled to preserve the living museum of Baghdad's eternal architecture that is the most conspicuous physical expression of its social, cultural and historic identity.
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Noth, Gregory. "Rethinking the Carter Doctrine and its Geopolitical Implications." Contemporary Arab Affairs 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2021.14.2.3.

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This article combines insights from constructivism with historical analysis to argue that the US military engagement in the Gulf, beginning in the 1980s, was primarily driven by the changed roles of two actors: Iran after the Islamic Revolution and the United States attempting to regain its role as a global superpower following the Vietnam War. It argues that the year 1979 constitutes what constructivists deem a “critical juncture,” in which America’s response to three events—the Iranian Revolution/hostage crisis; the siege of Mecca’s Grand Mosque; and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan—helped to redefine the Gulf’s security architecture and made the region more insecure. It ends with a close examination of US participation in the Iran–Iraq War and the long-term implications of the Carter Doctrine’s changing logic.
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Ali Abdulrazaq, Hala, and Manuel Correia Guedes. "Post-war sustainable housing design strategies: the case of reconstruction in Iraq." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021021.

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The damage of architecture in Iraq has been caused by a series of wars during the last four decades. The last conflict against the Islamic State from 2014 to 2017 caused severe destruction to the buildings in seven governorates, namely: Nineveh, Baghdad, Anbar, Babel, Kirkuk, Diyala, Salah Aldeen. three years after the Iraqi government has announced liberation, the cities are still covered by tons of rubble and thousands of people are still staying in camps. Several international humanitarian organizations are providing urgent assistance to help some local people to rebuild their homes. This paper presents initial results of an ongoing PhD research, which focuses on the role of architectural design in the postwar reconstruction in Iraq. It addresses an architectural damage assessment of the Post-War in the Old City of Mosul, after liberation from ISIS in 2017. The damage assessment focuses the residential buildings as it is the most affected sector and the most needed to start re-building. As rubble is the main obstacle for the residents besides that it's the first step for the recovery, this paper studies the scale of destruction to determine the quantity and quality of rubble in this historic city. Thus, it presents the current actions taken by locals and examines the government movements towards rubble management. Results show that, the unguided strategy of rebuilding is inefficient causing more damage to the environment and there is no comprehensive plan to protect historic buildings with a high heritage. The aim of this paper is to provide basic guidelines and recommendations for preventing further destruction to the heritage of the Old City.
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Al-Thahab, Ali, Sabah Mushatat, and Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem. "Between Tradition and Modernity: Determining Spatial Systems of Privacy in the Domestic Architecture of Contemporary Iraq." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2014): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.396.

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The notion of privacy represents a central criterion for both indoor and outdoor social spaces in most traditional Arab settlements. This paper investigates privacy and everyday life as determinants of the physical properties of the built and urban fabric and will study their impact on traditional settlements and architecture of the home in the contemporary Iraqi city. It illustrates the relationship between socio-cultural aspects of public/private realms using the notion of the social sphere as an investigative tool of the concept of social space in Iraqi houses and local communities (Mahalla). This paper reports that in spite of the impact of other factors in articulating built forms, privacy embodies the primary role under the effects of Islamic rules, principles and culture. The crucial problem is the underestimation of traditional inherited values through opening social spaces to the outside that giving unlimited accesses to the indoor social environment creating many problems with regard to privacy and communal social integration.
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Al-Thahab, Ali, Sabah Mushatat, and Mohammed Gamal Abdelmonem. "Between Tradition and Modernity: Determining Spatial Systems of Privacy in the Domestic Architecture of Contemporary Iraq." Open House International 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2016-b0010.

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The notion of privacy represents a central criterion for both indoor and outdoor social spaces in most traditional Arab settlements. This paper investigates privacy and everyday life as determinants of the physical properties and patterns of the built and urban fabric and will study their impact on traditional settlements and architecture of the home in the contemporary Iraqi city. It illustrates the relationship between socio-cultural aspects of public and private realms using the notion of the social sphere as an investigative tool of the concept of social space in Iraqi houses and local communities (Mahalla). This paper reports that in spite of the impact of other factors in articulating built forms, privacy embodies the primary role under the effects of Islamic rules, principles and culture. The crucial problem is the underestimation of traditional inherited values through opening social spaces to the outside that giving unlimited accesses to the indoor social environment creating many problems with regard to privacy and communal social integration.
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Schwartz, Glenn M., Christopher D. Brinker, Andrew T. Creekmore, Marian H. Feldman, Alexia Smith, and Jill A. Weber. "EXCAVATIONS AT KURD QABURSTAN, A SECOND MILLENNIUMb.c. URBAN SITE ON THE ERBIL PLAIN." Iraq 79 (May 4, 2017): 213–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2017.2.

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Excavations at the 109 hectare site of Kurd Qaburstan on the Erbil plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were conducted by the Johns Hopkins University in 2013 and 2014. The Middle Bronze Age (Old Babylonian period) is the main period of occupation evident on the site, and the project therefore aims to study the character of a north Mesopotamian urban centre of the early second millenniumb.c. On the high mound, excavations revealed three phases of Mittani (Late Bronze) period occupation, including evidence of elite residential architecture. On the low mound and the south slope of the high mound, Middle Bronze evidence included domestic remains with numerous ceramic vessels left in situ. Also dating to the Middle Bronze period is evidence of a city wall on the site edges. Later occupations include a cemetery, perhaps of Achaemenid date, on the south slope of the high mound and a Middle Islamic settlement on the southern lower town. Faunal and archaeobotanical analysis provide information on the plant and animal economy of the second millenniumb.c. occupations, and geophysical results have documented a thirty-one hectare expanse of dense Middle Bronze Age architecture in the northern lower town.
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Oganisyan, L. D. "The European Union’s Policies Towards Iraq (2014–2020)." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 87–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-1-87-120.

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Political instability in the Middle East and North Africa in the early 2010s, accompanied by an escalation of the terrorist threat and uncontrolled migration, caused serious concern in the European Union about the situation in the Arab world. As a consequence, the EU has noticeably increased assistance to Iraq, providing Baghdad with substantial support in the fight against the Islamic State, preventing the humanitarian crisis, stabilizing the situation and promoting post-conflict reconstruction. However, these efforts have not yet been explored in depth by the Russian experts, who traditionally focus on the EU relations with the Southern Mediterranean countries.The author aims to reveal the logic behind the evolution of the European Union’s policy towards Iraq since 2014, as well as its impact on the EU assistance programmes to this country. The paper consists of three sections: the first one outlines the evolution of the EU strategic priorities in Iraq during 2014–2019, the second covers the major assistance programmes implemented by the European Union, both bilaterally and multilaterally, in Iraq; the third examines the EU reaction to the rising tensions in Iraq at the turn of 2019–2020.The author concludes that the EU’s growing interest in Iraq in recent years stems not only from concerns about transformation of this country into a source of cross-border challenges and threats, but also from the conviction of the EU officials that Iraq might potentially become the cornerstone of a new regional security architecture. On the basis of these considerations, the EU provides a comprehensive support to Iraq, including both humanitarian aid and development assistance aimed primarily at eliminating the fundamental causes of instability and radicalization. At the same time while demonstrating its commitment to develop cooperation with both government agencies and non-governmental organizations, the EU clearly prefers to assist Iraq through international organizations, rather than directly. Although the EU’s ability to influence Baghdad remains limited, compared to that of the US and regional actors, the European Union is perceived in Iraq as a neutral player and this might facilitate the achievement of its policy objectives. However, taking into account such factors as a high level of corruption in Iraq, substantial resources for reconstruction already available for the country, as well as Brussels’ focus on Syria, the scope of the EU’s further involvement in Iraq remains unclear.
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Ahmadian, Hassan, and Payam Mohseni. "From detente to containment: the emergence of Iran's new Saudi strategy." International Affairs 97, no. 3 (May 2021): 779–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab014.

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Abstract Iran's strategy with respect to Saudi Arabia is a key factor in the complex balance of power of the Middle East as the Iranian–Saudi rivalry impacts the dynamics of peace and conflict across the region from Yemen to Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Bahrain. What is Iranian strategic thinking on Saudi Arabia? And what have been the key factors driving the evolution of Iranian strategy towards the Kingdom? In what marks a substantive shift from its previous detente policy, we argue that Tehran has developed a new containment strategy in response to the perceived threat posed by an increasingly pro-active Saudi Arabia in the post-Arab Spring period. Incorporating rich fieldwork and interviews in the Middle East, this article delineates the theoretical contours of Iranian containment and contextualizes it within the framework of the Persian Gulf security architecture, demonstrating how rational geopolitical decision-making factors based on a containment strategy, rather than the primacy of sectarianism or domestic political orientations, shape Iran's Saudi strategy. Accordingly, the article traces Iranian strategic decision-making towards the Kingdom since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and examines three cases of Iran's current use of containment against Saudi Arabia in Syria, Yemen and Qatar.
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Behnamian, Sara, Saman Behnamian, Fatemeh Fogh, Firooz Pashaei, and Malihe Mahin Saran. "NOVELTY ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN AN IRANIAN MOSQUE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i1.5508.

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Islamic architecture, particularly mosques architecture, has mainly been the focus of many architectural exhibitions in Muslim-majority countries. Recently, it has been influenced by novelty architecture and has been evolved into elaborate structures. Quds mosque in Tehran, Iran, is a picturesque architecture feat of a modern outlook that came under a lot of criticism for abandoning the traditional symbols of Islamic architecture. This study observes the Quds mosque from a mathematical standpoint using fractals as the method. Fractals are geometric constructions that exhibit similar or identical characteristics by order of magnitude. Rescaling a prominent architectural pattern is also a noticeable subject that considers Quds mosque from this point of view. This study shows that the Quds mosque used fractal principles; self-similarity and congruency. Those are applied in the roof form by using a triangle form on each side.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Islamic architecture – Iraq"

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Anisi, Alireza. "Early Islamic architecture in Iran (637-1059)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3474.

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This thesis discusses the architecture of early Islamic Iran (16-450/637-1059). To better understand the architectural history of this period, it is necessary to specify in detail how it took shape and to describe its features. Hitherto, no fully comprehensive study has been carried out on this subject. Most of the earlier attempts in that direction are the products of Western scholars. Few of these can be regarded as fully comprehensive - however worthy they were in their own time - in the light of the huge amounts of information now available. This mass of new material, a good deal of it unearthed in the decades since the Islamic Revolution, at last makes it possible to outline in detail the architectural characteristics of this early period. The proposed study will build on the work done by earlier scholars in the field, both western and Iranian, among which two lengthy studies are of particular value. Mehrdad Shokoohy in his unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Studies in the early mediaeval architecture of Iran and Afghanistan (Edinburgh, 1978), describes twelve buildings in 2 Iran and Afghanistan which he dates to the early mediaeval period. This research - some of which has been published in article form1- introduces some monuments that are little known, but there is still ample room for more detailed conclusions and analysis to clarify the evolution of Iranian architecture in this period. The latest study, Frühe Iranische Moscheen (Berlin, 1994), has been carried out by Barbara Finster. This book explains the different types of early mosques in Iran, with much material from literary sources to supplement the author’s own fieldwork. Since the Islamic revolution in Iran (1357/1979), Iranian specialists have carried out some significant architectural and archaeological research; some of this work has not been published yet while other work has been published only in Persian and is difficult of access. In the course of restoration operations in key historical monuments much new and important material has been assembled, though much of this has not been reported yet. To gather together and to order all of this new information is one of the most important aims of my study. Its primary aim is to understand the characteristics and the underlying principles of early Islamic Iranian architecture. In what follows, I shall try to explain how and why this early (and neglected) period holds the key to understanding the Islamic architecture of Iran. It is essentially a transitional period, a time of laying the foundations for what was to come. It documents the earlier experiments in building types, structural techniques and architectural decoration. We see here the earliest attempt of Islamic architecture in Iran to find a distinctive voice. Only few buildings survive – thought it is very likely that more will be 3 found in years to come - but their wide range of form, style, material and decoration reveals a national tradition that – even thought it was still in the process of tradition that was already, in key ways, different from that of the other Islamic lands. The thesis tries to explain how the heritage of pre-Islamic Iranian architecture evolved and how it laid the foundations for Iranian, and especially Saljuq, architecture. Thus, to create a solid base for studying the later period is an important supplementary aim of this thesis.
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Hodjat, Mehdi. "Cultural heritage in Iran policies for an Islamic country /." Thesis, Online version, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.283542.

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Kateb-Valiankoh, Fatemeh. "Iran domestic architecture : during Qajar period." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324093.

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Ghannad, Marjan Carleton University Dissertation Architecture. "A study on the formation of the North Dome of Masjid-i-Jami Isfahan." Ottawa, 2000.

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Aube, Sandra. "La céramique architecturale en Iran sous les Turkmènes Qarâ Qoyunlu et Âq Qoyunlu (c. 1450-1500)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040120.

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L’art des Turkmènes qarâ qoyunlu (782-873 h./1380-1468) et âq qoyunlu (780-914 h./1378-1508) alongtemps été dédaigné dans l’histoire de l’art du monde iranien. Pourquoi assimiler systématiquement cesoeuvres aux productions timourides ? Ne pourrait-on donc parler d’un « art turkmène » ? À partir d’un corpusde cinquante ensembles décoratifs en céramique, l’objectif de cette étude est de retracer une histoire desproductions turkmènes, de leurs formes, de leurs techniques, et d’en comprendre les articulations artistiques.L’ensemble des monuments qarâ qoyunlu et âq qoyunlu connus est dans un premier temps exploré,regroupés selon une présentation régionale : un parti pris permettant de souligner la force de traditionsartistiques locales autour de centres tels que Tabriz, E½fahân, Yazd ou encore Kâshân. Cette approche liminaireest suivie d’une analyse technique et ornementale des céramiques architecturales. Le dernier axe de cetterecherche s’intéresse à l’organisation de la production. L’enjeu est d’abord de comprendre les confluencesartistiques complexes s’exerçant alors en Iran, avant de s’arrêter sur les acteurs de cette production : lesmécènes et les artisans.Cette étude cherche à apporter un regard nouveau sur certains pans de la céramique architecturaleislamique. La « charnière turcomane » constitue en effet un jalon important de l’histoire de l’art : un point decontact avec les territoires timouride, mamlouk et ottoman frontaliers, et une passerelle vers les Empiresmodernes du siècle suivant
Qarâ Qoyunlu (782-873 h./1380-1468) and Âq Qoyunlu (782-873 h./1380-1468) Turkman’s art haslong been disregarded in the art history of the Iranian world. This research brings the nature of Turkman art intoquestion, through the example of tiling art. Based on a group of fifty ornamental ceramic groups, this studyattempts to trace the history of Turkman decorative features, their designs, their techniques, and to understandtheir artistic connections.This research first proposes to explore every known qarâ qoyunlu and âq qoyunlu monument, sharedout among regional groups so that the strength of the regional traditions could be underlined around suchartistic centers as Tabriz, E½fahân, Yazd, or Kâshân. This part is followed by a technical and ornamental studyof Turkman tiles. The last component of that research is the organization of the production. It aims to givestatements about artistic confluences in Iran, and then to present actors of tiling production : the patrons andcraftsmen.This study intends to bring a new eye on some groups of Islamic tiles. The Turkman transition makesan important step in history of art: a meeting point between Timurid, Mamluk and Ottoman’s borderlineterritories, and a bridge to Modern Empires of the next century
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Allahoof, Turath. "L'architecture Islamique et l'urbanisme de l'ancienne ville de Najaf." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/47ac17a5-d2d6-431b-b4ec-74e8cbcb06de.

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La ville de Najaf a hérité d'un patrimoine architectural riche et est aujourd'hui menacée de disparaître. Grâce au grand nombre de touristes religieux, la ville est en pleine métamorphose bien que ces changements soient souvent à l'origine de la destruction de ce patrimoine. Cette thèse a pour objet l'architecture de la ville de Najaf dans son contexte urbain et historique. L'histoire de la ville de Najaf est concomitante à celle de la ville d'al- Küfa (capitale entre 36/658 et 40/662) qui se situe à quelques kilomètres de Najaf. Cette seconde ville fut construite par les musulmans en l'an 17/639 avec une importante stratégie politique avec sa proximité de la ville d'al­Bira, capitale des Lakhmides, située à quelques kilomètres. Cette configuration géographique localement appelée « le triangle de la civilisation», représente un creuset de plusieurs styles architecturaux et urbains. L'étude des deux villes (al-Hira et al- Küfa) est donc essentielle pour comprendre le contexte dans lequel la ville de Najaf s'est créée et développée. Pour comprendre l'architecture de Najaf, nous étudierons dans un premier temps l'architecture de ces deux villes. Dans un deuxième temps nous démontrerons la relation qu'elle a créée avec son mausolée, considéré comme le noyau central de la ville, et qui a conservé cette forme depuis 1032/1623. Enfin nous étudierons le reste de la ville et ses alentours à travers ses monuments religieux et civils tels que les mosquées, les écoles et bien d'autres monuments. À travers cette thèse, nous allons présenter cette architecture dans son état actuel et dans son contexte urbain, social et historique
The city of Najaf has inherited a rich architectural heritage and is today threatened with extinction. Thanks to the large number of religious tourists, the city is undergoing a metamorphosis although these changes are often at the origin of the destruction of this heritage. This thesis focuses on the architecture of the city of Najaf in its urban and historical context. The history of the city of Najaf is in continuity with that of the city of al-Kufa (capital between 36H / 658 and 40H / 662) which is located a few kilometers from Najaf. This city built by the Muslims in the year 17H / 639 represented a strategic point but also a political hub grown fast not far from the city a proximity of al-Hira, capital of the Lakhmids, also located a few kilometers away from it. This geographical configuration is locally called "the triangle of civilization", and represents a melting pot of several architectural and urban styles. The study of the two cities (al-Rira and al­Kufa) is therefore essential to understand the context in which the city of Najaf was created and developed. To understand the architecture of Najaf, we will first study the architecture of these two cities. Then to better know the architecture of the city, we will demonstrate the relationship created between the Imam Ali mausoleum, (considered as the central core of the city, and who kept these provisions since 1032H / 1623) and the rest of the city by the religious and civil monuments such as masques, schools and many other monuments. Through this thesis, we will present this architecture in its current state and in its urban, social and historical context
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Afnan, Parviz F. (Parviz Fouad). "The "sense of place" its significance, theory and attainment / by Parviz F. Afnan." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18982.

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Typescript (Photocopy)
Bibliography: leaves 424-443
2 v. (xvi, 528 p.) : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, 1990
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Books on the topic "Islamic architecture – Iraq"

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Centre for Conservation & Preservation of Islamic Architectural Heritage. Rehabilitation of Erbil Citadel Iraq, Unesco Amman Office. Cairo: Centre for Conservation & Preservation of Islamic Architectural Heritage, 2011.

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Formal structure in Islamic architecture of Iran and Turkistan. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

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Giura, Teresa. La città islamica: Iran. Napoli [etc.]: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2003.

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Hejazi, M. M. Historical buildings of Iran: Their architecture and structure. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Publications, 1997.

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Golombek, Lisa. The Timurid architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988.

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Newton, Wilber Donald, ed. The Timurid architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988.

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Golombek, Lisa. The Timurid architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988.

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Strika, Vincenzo. The Islamic architecture of Baghdād: The results of a joint Italian-Iraqi survey. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1987.

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Medieval tomb towers of Iran: An iconographical study. Lexington, KY, U.S.A: Mazdâ Publishers in association with Undena Publications, 1986.

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Moscheen und Madrasabauten in Iran, 1785-1848: Architektur zwischen Rückgriff und Neurerung. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Islamic architecture – Iraq"

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Roxburgh, David J. "Persianate Arts of the Book in Iran and Central Asia." In A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture, 668–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119069218.ch26.

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"Introduction." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.0007.

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"Conclusion." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.0008.

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"Notes." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.0009.

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"Bibliography." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.0010.

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"Islam as an Attribution." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.ch-001.

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"Iranism." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.ch-002.

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"The Mosque as Public Space." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.ch-003.

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"Difference and Iranian Architectural Discourse." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.ch-004.

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"Difference And Particularity." In Islamic Architecture in Iran. I.B.Tauris, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755695287.ch-005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Islamic architecture – Iraq"

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Ismail, Salah Haj, and Abdalla Mahamad Alhamdany. "Implementation of Value Engineering in Iraq Opportunities and Obstacles (Case Study)." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021193n12.

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The performance of the construction sector in Iraq suffers both price fluctuations and inaccurate estimations. Thus, the need for the development of engineering management is of paramount importance. The main objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities for implementing value engineering technique as a tool of construction management in Iraq. Moreover, to develop an overarching framework for the decision-making in construction projects. Analysing an actual case study, the Islamic sciences college at the University of Fallujah, highlighted that the value engineering is an applicable strategy in Iraq since its clear, concise, and obtaining results rapidly. A better alternative was suggested increasing durability and decreasing time and cost consumption. A precast concrete system slightly better than the steel structure due to the factors and conditions of the market. As a result, enhancing rigidity, thermal and sound isolation and code compatibility were the most essential criteria to be considered in such cases.
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2

Motedayen, H., M. Ahangari, and K. Chenari. "Rethinking the quality of the connection between school and city according to a sociability analysis of schools of the Timurid, Safavid and Ghajar eras in Iran." In ISLAMIC HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE AND ART 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/iha160121.

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3

Pakseresht, Sahar, and Manel Guardia Bassols. "From the so-called Islamic City to the Contemporary Urban Morphology: the Historic Core of Kermanshah City in Iran as a Case Study." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5210.

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Sahar Pakseresht¹, Manel Guàrdia Bassols¹ ¹ Department of Theory and History of Architecture. Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC). Av. Diagonal, 64908028 Barcelona, Tel:93-4017874 E-mail: sahar.pakseresht@estudiant.upc.edu, manel.guardia@upc.edu Keywords: Iranian city, Kermanshah, urban morphology, Islamic city, urban transformation, Modernisation Conference topics and scale: City transformations, urban form and social use of space Pre-1920 cities in Iran are characterized by a number of features considered to be typical of the so-called “Islamic city”. A set of features are shared by traditional cities where dominated by Islam religion. The notion of “Islamic city”, often criticised for its Eurocentric nature, has guided most studies of these traditional cities. The modernisation process in so-called Islamic cities is crucial due to its serious impacts on the traditional morphology and transformation of their urban structure. We, thus, need more holistic and integrated understanding about changes of these cities derives from the modernisation process. In order to explore the broad and wide-spread changes due to modernisation process in the traditional cities in Muslim world, it is more enlightening if we study second order cities, rather than studying the transformations of major capitals such as Cairo, Istanbul or Teheran, where interventions are goal to approach a more exceptional and rhetorical characters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the historic core of Kermanshah city, to understand the link between urban transformations and social due to modernisation process by tracing it historically. We will focus, particularly, on studying the stages of urban transformation and changes of urban morphology as well as conflict and differences between traditional urban features with the modern ones. For example, we are interested in understanding how traditional morphology and structure of residential and commercial zone are affected by the opening of new and wide boulevards in course of modernisation process, and how these changes influence everyday people life. References Kheirabadi, M. (2000). Iranian cities: formation and development. Syracuse University Press. Clarke, J. I., & Clark, B. D. (1969). Kermanshah: an Iranian provincial city (No. 10). University of Durham, Department of Geography. Bonine, M. E. (1979). THE MORPHOGENESIS OF IRANIAN CITIES∗. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69(2), 208-224. Stefano Bianca. (2000). Urban form in the Arab world: Past and present (Vol. 46). vdf Hochschulverlag AG. Habibi, M. (1996). Az shar ta Shahr (de la Cite a la Ville). Analytical review of the city concept and its physical image in the course of time), Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
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