Academic literature on the topic 'Islamic; Women's dress'

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Journal articles on the topic "Islamic; Women's dress"

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Bahri, Saiful. "The Meaning of Communication in Fashion Style of Muslim Student in Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Al-Aziziyah Samalanga Bireuen Aceh." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2020): 2124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1145.

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Changes in Muslim fashion trends will not be dammed and will continue to experience changes. Different from the previous year, where the trend of Muslim clothing in Indonesia tends to show an experimental trend. This year, the experimental trend has shifted to a long head covering known as the hijab syar’i. The term shari'i used, refers to Muslim women's clothing where the clothes, according to the Islamic Shari'ah guidance. Therefore, many call this ongoing fashion trend with shar'i hijab. Moving on from that thought, the problem to be investigated in this research is the meaning of Muslimah fashion communication style for Al-Aziziyah Samalanga Bireuen Aceh's Islamic Religion Institute (IAI) students. To uncover the problem thoroughly and deeply, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method that is useful for providing data and facts about the meaning of communication in the style of Al-Aziziyah Samalanga Islamic Institute (IAI) student dress style. Then the data were analyzed with the basis of the thought of George Herbert Mead and the principle of George Ritzer, in order to obtain a deep meaning about the student's fashion style. Meaning is produced from religious background, motives, and social environment. After that, meaning is modified through an interpretive process, and then individuals develop self-concepts through interactions with others. Self-concept provides an important motive for behavior and expression in choosing a style of dress. From the results of the study it was found that the meaning of communication style of Muslim female students of the Islamic Religious Institute (IAI) Al-Aziziyah Samalanga was produced from a background of religiosity, motives, and social environment. Then, individuals do the process of self-communication and produce a meaning that is interpreted through clothing. Some of the meanings of communication of Muslim female student fashion styles The Islamic Religious Institute (IAI) Al-Aziziyah Samalanga are produced based on the female Muslim students' fashion styles, namely: The meaning of Muslimah women's fashion styles as self-identities, the meaning of Muslimah women's fashion styles as a lifestyle, and the meaning of Muslim women's clothing styles as a form of obedience. Fashion communication is produced through the use of various symbols and fashion styles, so that the attitudes and behaviors of the user are reflected and generate direct appreciation through the interaction of people around. Several ways of meaning female students of communication style of Islamic clothing Islamic Institute of Islam (IAI) Al-Aziziyah Samalanga communicates Muslim clothing styles: Dressing in one color from top to bottom, fashion that is in accordance with Islamic law and ignores the trend of the times, follows the trend of Muslim fashion at the time that, dress in colors, mix and match the color of clothing.
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Secor, Anna J. "The Veil and Urban Space in Istanbul: Women's dress, mobility and Islamic knowledge." Gender, Place & Culture 9, no. 1 (2002): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09663690120115010.

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Chapoutot-Remadi, Mounira. "Femmes dans la Ville Mamlūke." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 38, no. 2 (1995): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520952600533.

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AbstractMedieval Islamic jurists strictly regulated the comings and goings of women in the street, as well as their code of dress. But the historical sources show that the baths, markets, cementaries, and tombs of the saints were actively visited by women, who were equally present in the great popular assemblies originating in religious or secular festivities. Therefore, women's behaviour in the great cities of the Mamluk empire totally differed from the ideal put forth by the jurists.
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ÖNDER, SYLVIA WING. "ELISABETH ÖZDALGA, The Veiling Issue, Official Secularism and Popular Islam in Modern Turkey, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Report Series, No. 33 (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1998). Pp. 125. $45.00 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (2001): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801282063.

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Elisabeth Özdalga's book is an important introduction to one of the issues that has been front-page news in Turkey since the 1980s. The most visible and controversial sign of the increasing participation in public discourse of Islamic revivalists has been the marked increase in numbers of women in urban spaces and institutions who wear the particular form of dress called tessetür, a public symbol of a personal commitment to a certain form of Islamic values. Özdalga's focus is timely and of interest to both a Turkish audience and a Western one, although it speaks mainly to the latter. The banning of the Islamist Welfare Party (Refah Partisi) from Turkish politics since the publication of the book, as well as the internationally noted furor surrounding the election to, and subsequent dismissal of, a headscarf-wearing woman in Parliament, show that what the author calls Turkey's “large-scale attempt to integrate Islam within the institutions of a modern, liberal democratic polity” (p. viii) continues to be a vitally important and controversial subject. Her book attends both to the symbolic power and legal status of women's clothing in public debate and to women's actual participation in the re-formations of public and private definitions of citizenship.
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Istiyanto, Bektiis. "REPRESENTASI IDENTITAS MUSLIMAH DALAM IKLAN WARDAH DI TELEVISI." Communicology: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (2018): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/communicology.06.03.

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The role of women in Wardah adverstisments on television is described as independent through activities such as work and study. Through the hijab, make-up, and women's roles Wardah tries to present the identity of contemporary Muslim women, not rigid and remain in accordance with the Shari'a. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques using focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews. To analyze the data using the reception analysis. The results of the research indicate that each informant is different in receiving and interpreting the message. This difference of meaning is the result of different socio-cultural backgrounds. The meaning of informants is grouped into three categories of meaning according to Hall namely, dominant reading, negiotiated reading, and oppositional reading. There were two informants belonging to the dominant reading group in which the informant agreed in general about the popular Islamic culture. In the negotiated reading group there were four informants. In general, informants received a popular Islamic culture that was featured on Wardah's advertisements, however, the informants adapted to their preferences. In the oppositional reading position there is only one informant who meets the criteria because the informant rejects the message of popular Islamic culture because of his incompatibility on understanding the religious rules held tightly by the informant. Muslim students of FISIP Unsoed generally receive a message of representation of Muslim women's identity seen from aspects of role, dress, and makeup based on socio-cultural background.
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Alawiyah, Syarifah, Budi Handrianto, and Imas Kania Rahman. "Adab Berpakaian Wanita Muslimah Sesuai Tuntunan Syariat Islam." Rayah Al-Islam 4, no. 02 (2020): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/rais.v4i02.338.

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The phenomenon that afflicts Indonesian society, especially Muslim female students, is a culture of clothing that deviates from the guidance of Islamic law, although there are Muslim women who show how to dress according to Sharia, but the number is relatively small compared to those who are not. The phenomenon of wearing hijab is currently not in accordance with the requirements of Muslim women's clothing where not a few of the clothing models worn by women wearing hijab but still show the shape of the body, made from transparent and so on. Of course this is a problem that must be addressed by parents, educators and those in charge of education, because if it is left unchecked this will become a culture that will continue to develop and eventually become a law that is considered true by future generations. One way to overcome this is to raise awareness among Muslim women about the obligation to cover their genitals by providing sufficient understanding of genitals, the obligation to cover them and the adab of dressing in Islam. This study uses a literature review that synthesizes the theories and concepts of fiqh scholars about the aurat adab dress in Islam which then produces a concept of how to foster awareness of covering one's genitals which can be internalized in the form of dress behavior in Muslim women, especially students.
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Nielson, Lisa. "GENDER AND THE POLITICS OF MUSIC IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC COURTS." Early Music History 31 (2012): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127912000010.

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Until the ninth century, the role of the professional musician in pre-Islamic Arabia and Mesopotamia was primarily fulfilled by women. Men were socially prohibited from working as musicians, though some transgressed gender and social boundaries by adopting feminine dress and playing ‘women's’ instruments. With the advent of Islam, patronage of qiyān (singing girls), mukhannathūn (effeminates) and later, male musicians, did not substantially change. During the early Abbasid era (750–950 ce), however, their collective visibility in court entertainments was among several factors leading to debates regarding the legal position of music in Islam. The arguments for and against took place in the realm of politics and interpretation of religious law yet the influence of traditional expectations for gendered musical performance that had existed on the cultural landscape for millennia also contributed to the formation of a musical semiotics used by both sides.In this article, I examine the representation of musicians in the early Islamic court in Baghdad from the perspective of select ninth-century Arabic texts. First, I begin with a summary of the gender roles and performance expectations for pre-Islamic court musicians and point to their continuation into the early Islamic courts. Then, I suggest how the figure of the musician became a key referent in the development of a musical semiotics used in medieval Islamic music discourse.
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Alameh, Lara Shahriyar. "Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 18, no. 3 (2001): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v18i3.2008.

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Increasingly, since the Sadat era in Egypt and especially resulting from hiseconomic policies (infitah), there has been a significant rise of Egyptianwomen who are putting on the "Islamic dress." Whereas women in theearly twentieth century were dramatically tearing off their veils andthrowing them into the Nile in order to desegregate society. Today,Egyptian women are very noticeably doing the opposite as a formof protest, while utilizing the same reasoning as before. The influx ofliterature about this so-called "Islamism" has been discussed in nearlyevery realm of the social sciences.In contrast to this phenomenon, Najde al-Ali's study on women'sactivity in Egypt is about a particular heterogeneous class of secularwomen, that she feels has been marginalized on the state level by the overarchingconcessions given to hegemonic "Islamist" policies. In effect, Alistates, "I had noticed the tendency to overlook secular constituencies inmuch of the recent scholarship dealing with Egypt, where the emphasis wason Islamist tendencies and activism."Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East: The EgyptianWomen's Movement, is a highly informative introductory and analyticalstudy of secular women's activities through the voice of a plethoraof Egyptian women's organizations. In the introduction Ali categorizeswomen's activism as being independent, associational and directed.Whereas independent organizations have a power base from within and aimto implement individual goals, associational and directed organizationscarry a more direct message outside the sphere of general women's issues.In the first chapter, Ali engages in a discussion about the relationship ofOrientalism and Occidentalism in post-colonial literature. The reader isintroduced to the idea that these conceptual frameworks have indeedlimited the indigenous authenticity of women's activism in Egypt byplacing them in one of two extremes, whether it be religious or secular.Immediately, Ali strives to make clear that certain values do not need to beauthenticated by any indigenous culture if they are "universal values".However, it is here where a significant weakness emerges, by notoutwardly recognizing the importance of the competitive universal valuesystems, including the "Islamist values", that are trying to find their spacein contemporary Egyptian political culture. Therefore, the message that is ...
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Nurul hidayah, Laila. "KONSEP MUHAMMAD SHAHRU TENTANG AURAT PEREMPUAN." Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan 14, no. 02 (2020): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/adabiya.v14i02.211.

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In Islam, clothing does not only function as jewelry and body armor from heat and cold, but more importantly is to cover the nakedness. Al-Qur'an al-Karim shows the obligation of women to cover their bodies in His words, "And let them not show their jewels, except those which (normally) appear from them,". Parts of female limbs that are not allowed to be seen by others are aurat. Islamic scholars agree that all women's bodies are aurat, in addition to the face and two palms. What is meant by the jewelry that appears is the face and two palms. While what is meant by khimar is a headgear, not a face covering like a veil, and what is meant by jaib is chest. The women have been ordered to put a cloth over his head and spread it to cover her chest. By doing library research, that is, research whose main object is books or other sources of literature, meaning that data is sought and found through literature review of books relevant to the discussion, a minimum limit of aurat according to Muhammad Shahrur is that dress cover the juyub, while the maximum limit is dressing which covers all parts of the body besides the face and palms.
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Nurhayat, Muhammad Arpah, and Anggi Wahyu Ari. "APLIKASI HIJAB SHAHABIYAT DI MASA TURUN PERINTAH MENUTUP AURAT (Studi Pemahaman Sosio-Historis Hadis Perilaku Wanita Masa Nabi)." ISLAM TRANSFORMATIF : Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 2 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/it.v2i2.742.

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<p><em>In the aspect of Islamic shari'a, it stipulates matters of daily application, including the manner of dress which is permissible in the Koran. Women get more attention in this matter, considering that their bodies contain beauty that must be covered so that it does not become a spectacle and slander for the opposite sex which is not their muhrim, it is then called aurat. The opinion of the majority of the Ulama is that male genitalia is from the navel to the knees while the female genitalia is the entire body except the face and palms. This article discusses how the application of the hijab in the days of the decree to close the aurat. hijab in the sense of closing the aurat is the command of Allah through his apostle but the boundary of the hijab is not agreed upon by the ulama. In the early days of sahabiyyat, covering their faces and heads, the implementation of the hijab by covering the entire body, including the head and face, was a response to the obedience of sahaiyyat against the command to use the hijab, not a shari'ah order from the Prophet. over time the trend of hijab appears to be inseparable from each other's understanding of the boundaries of women's genitals so that the veil, niqab, and khimar appear, all of which refer to the order to cover the genitals and are greatly affected by the boundaries of the aurat's understanding and fatwa of the ulema</em>.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Islamic; Women's dress"

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Almila, Anna-Mari. "Hijab as dress : Muslim women's clothing strategies in contemporary Finland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211282.

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This thesis concerns female Islamic dress, the hijab, in contemporary urban Finland. The hijab is not merely a symbol or an inevitable embodiment of either female oppression or agency, but rather is a form of dress that is simultaneously social, mental, material, and spatial. The approach developed here captures the multiple dimensions of the hijab as it is lived and experienced. The thesis draws upon ideas from a range of social theorists, including Bourdieu, Lefebvre, Goffman, and Gramsci. These ideas are deployed to understand the conscious and semi-conscious dress strategies and practices that veiling Muslim women use to manage various everyday issues and challenges. I investigate questions concerning how social, material and spatial relations both impact upon, and are negotiated by, the wearing of the hijab. The research was conducted in Helsinki using ethnographic methods, such as semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The main groups of informants were Finnish converts to Islam, Somalis, and Shi'a Muslims from Iran, Afghanistan and Iraq, and the sample covered women of various ages, educational backgrounds, and professional positions. The empirical chapters are organised according to four major themes: Politics, Materiality, Performance, and Visibility in Public Space. According to the findings, Muslim women in Finland negotiate their dress strategies with reference to Finnish ‘mainstream' society, religious doctrine and the demands of their particular ethnic communities. Dress strategies and practices are found to be bound up in complex but identifiable ways with factors such as fashion markets and dress availability, diverse modes of embodiment and habituation, and the socio-spatial relations which produce and are produced by the Finnish built environment. In sum, by focussing on the lived experience of wearing the hijab, many of the more simplistic politicised understandings of Muslim women and their characteristic forms of dress can be challenged and superseded.
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Hutchinson, Sarah. "The issue of the Hijab in classical and modern Muslim scholarship." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245218.

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Wani, Catherine. "Perceptions of the veil among a group of Sudanese women: A qualitative study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The Islamic dress code has been forcibly imposed on the women in Sudan, since 1983, and many feminists researchers have criticized the practices of the veil as a tool to oppress women. This study aimed to explore a group of Sudanese women, currently living in South Africa, experiences and perceptions of the veil, whether the veil is a religious dress code or a tool that has been used to exercise inequality.
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Franks, Myfanwy Carmel. "Choosing a gendered solution : why do some women embrace Islamic and Protestant revivalisms in Britain today?" Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2463/.

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Tucker, Chloe. "The veiled gaze modesty, Hijab and the visibility of belief /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1063.

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Aziz, Rookhsana. "Hijab – the Islamic dress code: its historical development, evidence from sacred sources and views of selected Muslim scholars." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4888.

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The issue of a Muslim woman‟s dress code has been debated for centuries. This is of great importance as it is widely used as a criterion to measure the extent of a woman‟s piety or devotion to Allah. A study of the religious texts on the issue is essential. Therefore, Qur‟anic text, Prophetic Traditions and Qur‟anic exegesis of both classical and modern scholars would have been used in determining the correct dress code for Muslim women. While all research indicates that women dress conservatively, in order not to attract the attention of the opposite sex. The extent to which a woman must be covered has not been agreed upon. Even if what has to be covered is established by scholars, the manner in which this is to be done and the type of colours and fabric to be used needs further clarification. The issue of the female dress code needs to be presented from a female perspective.<br>Religious Studies and Arabic<br>M.A. (Islamic Studies)
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Abdmolaei, Shirin. "(Re)Fashioning the Body Politic: Women and the Politics of Dress in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977770/1/Abdmolaei_MA_F2013.pdf.

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As dress has been acknowledged as a powerful tool to discipline the body, validate and exemplify the nation’s identity, and maintain control over the citizen-populace, the enforcement of dress codes on the citizenry by multiple governments throughout Iran’s past century has worked to undertake various political ventures. However, each regime has persistently been more focused on the clothed bodies of Iranian women, which has subjected women to extensive regulation and control. In a country where women are currently subjected to the Islamic Regime’s dress codes, the enforcement of Islamic dress has been a crucial part of the regime’s policy towards women. Integral to the regime’s project and vital to the maintenance of their power, the imposition of dress codes has worked to determine women’s opportunities and privileges while preventing them from obtaining rights over their own bodies, sexualities and identities. As much as the state has used Islamic dress to their ideological advantage, though, women too have realized the symbolic significance of clothing. This thesis examines what I call ‘alternative dress.’ Neither Western nor conventionally Islamic, urban Iranian women have begun adorning themselves in a myriad of colours and styles as an everyday form of nonverbal resistance and subversion to the state’s excessive hold over them. Probing into the politics of dress in Iran, this thesis explores the significance of alternative dress as a critical ideological challenge to not only state-constructed discourses of femininity, but to the state’s entire political venture. This study, based on personal observations, library and internet research, and interviews examines how Iranian women are using the very bodies and the same aesthetic materials as the Islamic Regime to reclaim the bodies and assert the selves which the state has worked so vigorously to control and define.
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Books on the topic "Islamic; Women's dress"

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Al-Kanadi, Abu Bilal Mustafa. The Islamic ruling regarding women's dress according to the Qur-aan and Sunnah. Abul-Qasim Publishing, 1991.

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Lokshina, T. "You dress according to their rules": Enforcement of an Islamic dress code for women in Chechnya. Human Rights Watch, 2011.

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Belkaïd, Leyla. Costumes d'Algérie. Editions Rais, 2003.

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Bih zīr-i miqnaʻah: Barʹrasī-i jāygāh-i zan-i Īrānī az qarn-i avval-i Hijrī tā ʻaṣr-i Ṣafavī. Nashr-i ʻIlm, 1997.

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Tarihten günümüze örtünmenin anlamları. İz Yayıncılık, 2008.

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Pizhūhishgāh-i ʻUlūm va Farhang-i Islāmī. Pizhūhishkadah-i Fiqh va Ḥuqūq та Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī (Qum, Iran), ред. Ḥijāb: Masʼūlīyatʹhā va ikhtiyārāt-i dawlat-i Islāmī. Pizhūhishgāh-i ʻUlūm va Farhang-i Islāmī, 2008.

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Rahman, Abdullah Abdul, ed. Islamic dress code for women. Darussalam, 1999.

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Abdullah, Abdul Rahmân. Islamic dress code for women. Darussalam, 1999.

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Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı. Demokratikleşme Programı, ed. Headscarf ban and discrimination: Professional headscarved women in the labor market. TESEV Publications, 2011.

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Muṭahharī, Murtaz̤á. The Islamic modest dress. 3rd ed. Kazi Publications, Inc., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Islamic; Women's dress"

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Joly, Danièle, and Khursheed Wadia. "Islamic Dress, the War on Terror, Policing Muslim Women." In Muslim Women and Power. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48062-0_8.

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Mesarič, Andreja. "Muslim Women’s Dress Practices in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Localizing Islam through Everyday Lived Practice." In The Revival of Islam in the Balkans. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137517845_6.

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Scott-Baumann, Alison, Mathew Guest, Shuruq Naguib, Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor, and Aisha Phoenix. "Islam and Gender on Campus." In Islam on Campus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846789.003.0006.

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Discussions about Islam and gender on campus have generally focused on Muslim women’s dress and status in Islam. However, the processes that make Muslim women’s dress on campus so salient have received little attention. This chapter explores gender and Islam on campus, contextualizing it within the politics of dress, with a particular focus on Muslim women’s negotiations of how to dress. We argue that gendered stereotypes about the headscarf or niqab contribute to the construction of Muslim women as extremists or oppressed. We show that Muslims sometimes faced scrutiny or hostility from students and lecturers who read particular dress choices as symbolic threats. Taking an intersectional perspective, the chapter illuminates how some Muslims modify their dress in different contexts to increase a sense of belonging or reduce stigma. We also explore how some Muslims challenge misconceptions about Islam and gender.
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Shirazi, Faegheh. "Islamic Religion and Women’s Dress Code." In Undressing Religion. Berg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/9781847888938/undrel0012.

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Young, Robert J. C. "7. The ambivalence of the veil." In Postcolonialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198856832.003.0008.

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‘The ambivalence of the veil’ explores the relationship between Western and Muslim worlds. For many Westerners, nothing symbolizes the differences more than ‘the veil’, a shorthand for the many ways in which Muslim women choose to dress, sometimes covering their heads or faces. Today, in Islamic societies, and among many Muslim women in non-Islamic societies, the veil (hijab) has come to symbolize a cultural and religious identity. A pertinent question to ask is how can a 1930s colonial image of an ‘Arab woman’ typifies European stereotypical representations of, and assumptions about, Muslim women even today. This can be contrasted with how men in masks—Batman or the Zapatistas in balaclavas—are considered to exhibit positive forms of masculinity.
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Nachmani, Amikam. "In the same boat: European opposition, Muslim migrants, impact on Jews." In Haunted Presents. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784993078.003.0004.

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European laws and policies directed against Muslims and Islamic religious tenets directly affect the Jewish population in many common denominator issues that unite Jews and Muslims in surprising, contradictory, complex and convoluted ways. The Jews stand between Muslim immigrants and Europe’s attempt to assimilate them. Various European attempts to ban Muslim dress codes, mainly women’s, are made to look discriminatory because Jews, especially the ultra-Orthodox, who also wear conspicuous clothing, are not singled out. The use of fines on women’s headscarves and burqas in Holland and Belgium recall historical taxes levied on Jews. Judaism and Islam share similar methods of animal slaughter that contravene EU laws. In the struggle against restrictions on male circumcision, Muslims leave the battle to the Jewish community, because given recent European history, Jewish arguments and demands are more likely to be heard. Accusations that Muslims control the EU as the Jews control the world link the two groups into one. Wider issues such as the building of mosques, de-Christianizing Europe (banning Christmas trees in public, etc.), and racism and bigotry make cooperation between Muslim migrants and European Jews possible and are even set to further develop, despite the controversies and conflicts between them.
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Russo, Marianne Robin. "East Meets West." In Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6046-5.ch081.

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It would seem that people are very different because they may dress differently, are acculturated in different manners, speak different languages, have different cuisine, family traditions, etiquette, philosophies, literature, history, governments, education, artifacts, and technologies. The concept of Eastern culture and Western culture is often couched as dichotomous. Eastern and Western cultures are not monolithic and have wide variance, inclusive of variance that might be found in religions. Religion plays a role in both cultures, and these religions have an impact on how women may be viewed and treated, inclusive of gender expectations. These gender expectations that may stem from religions may then affect how women are immersed in science and technological fields. This chapter briefly explores gender as it is encapsulated in the East and West within the frame of religion. Three religions are briefly discussed, one that is considered more of an Eastern religion and two that are Westernized, Islam and Southern Baptist and Mormonism, respectively. After these religions are examined in terms of gender, these four questions are answered: (a) Could religion hold back women in technology positions that are within the male domain of work? (b) Are religions different in how they compartmentalize women? (c) Are Eastern and Western religions different in how women are perceived and ultimately treated? and (d) How can women overcome the stereotypic threat within the world of religion and work?
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