Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islande – Histoire – 19e siècle'
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Dupont-Hébert, Céline. "Contexte économique de la ferme islandaise prémoderne (16ème-20ème siècles) des Vestfirðir : une analyse zooarchéologique à la recherche de marqueurs de stress." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23341.
Full textÓlafsdóttir, Margrét. "Les arts plastiques et les technologies numériques en Islande : histoire et "glocalisation"." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010540/document.
Full textA lack of media art in Iceland at the turn of last century, whether electronic or digital, initiated this research. The deficiency encouraged the author to undertake analysis of the history of art in Iceland, at a time when it was becoming independent from Denmark. This period is characterized by the nation's quest of identity, where the definition of cultural particularity dominated the discourse on art. By placing the art of the past in the context of the colony, and modern art in that of the struggle for independence, it is possible to show that the lack of media arts can be explained by the postcolonial situation after the war. Finally, it shows how the isolation of artists was broken in this context. To conclude it examines how the political and cultural institutions have reacted to the globalization of electronic and digital technology that has contributed to change the artistic creation and practices
Marie, Joséphine. "Les Amériques caribéennes et hispano-américaines dans les narrations de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda : de la vision romantique aux regards postcoloniaux." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030121.
Full textThis study focuses on the three pillars of narrative art in the romantic era in the works of Cuban writer Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda (1814-1873) dealing with Hispanic-American and Caribbean colonies (Memorias, Sab, Guatimozín, El Cacique de Turmequé, El aura blanca). The images and narrative devices traditionally mobilized in Hispanic-American Romanticism – a literature strongly inspired by European artistic ideals, and yet driven by a desire for political and cultural independence – make it a literature pervaded by paradoxes. Although they tend to share this common feature, the authors’ narratives stand out and surprise. In the light of the evolution of the novelistic forms that followed Romanticism, including modernist writings, and postmodern and postcolonial poetics, these texts appear as already “modern”. The (de)construction of the characters – particularly the “Metis” – and places, together with the polyphonic effect of a myriad of different discourses, challenge many traditional representations concerning the re-writing of the History of the Americas. What emerges is a desire to find a new way to express the various forms of the “real” and to capture the cultural complexity of this geographical area. Without clearly defining any particular literary method or ars poetica, the author explores space, temporality and the interplay of voices, thus laying the bases for an ontological, memory-oriented mode of writing that questions identities. This mode of writing goes through a process of Creolization, as it gathers and recomposes disparate elements, multiplies its literary or oral sources, and makes new linguistic territories, or characters who elude types, materialize
Kosmatou, Eftychia. "La population des Iles Ioniennes (18e-19e siècle)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010503.
Full textJobst, Clemens. "Trois études en histoire bancaire et financière au XIXe siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0043.
Full textThe thesis puts together three essays in 19th century financial history. The first chapter looks at foreign exchange policy in the gold-standard period and challenges the conventional wisdom that the gold standard was stabilized by an automatic mechanism whenever the spot exchange rate reached the “gold points”. Building on insights from the target zone and market microstructure literature, i study the Austro-Hungarian currency band. Instead of defending a band on the margin, the central bank engaged in sophisticated operations including sale-repurchase contracts. Exchange rate stabilization under the gold standard appears much more “modern” than traditionally recognized. The second chapter looks at the administration of the branch networks central banks created on a large scale in the second half of the 19th century. An understudied aspect of cb history, these networks provide significant lessons on the evolution of central banks towards modern public-interest institutions and on the role of public policy in the emergence of national money and credit markets. I show how questions of information economics influence both the integration process and cb policy. The final chapter includes two articles coauthored with Marc Flandreau. The first provides rigorous foundations to the concept of “core” and “periphery” in international monetary relations. In a second paper we provide the first review of critical empirical issues in the economics of international currencies. We report evidence in favor of the search-theoretic approach, strategic externalities and persistence. We reject pure path dependency, however. The system cannot remain locked into some past equilibrium forever
Tranvaux, Annick. "Emergence du sentiment independantiste aux Philippines, au XIXème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30041.
Full textCingolani, Patrick. "Le problème de l'individualisme et de la démocratie aux origines de la sociologie en France au XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070055.
Full textThe problematics of this thesis could be summarized as from whatever is at stake. It attempts to define the historical moment where the whole corpus of social problems (the social bound as a source of the concept of community) shows itself as an question and where the question finds its answers in an (social) science and a religion. This research which has particularly studied the works of l. De bonald, de j. De maistre et de a. Comte gives an analysis of the emergence of sociology during the first half of the nineteenth century in france and shows how the corpus of social problems is an original way to deal with the problem of skepticism rised by the idea of democracy. The thesis also sketches the common course which with be taken by sociology over against what it considers to be two great figures of the modern confusion: "communism utopia" and "liberalism". It is within the framework of this context that sociology delivered the main shapes of solidarity and prepared, with e. Littre, to find an original application to democracy : the republic
Henry, Jean. "Les notables des Vosges (1860-1880) : histoire sociale et politique." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21007.
Full textFrom 1860, the Vosges department has its ruling classes, an outcome of enlargement of eligible voters. They are limited in number, few and far less than the national average are very wealthy, even though their number is growing. There are two dominant groups: the manufactures who are the richest especially after the establishment of the cotton factories in Alsace from 1871 the professions, less well off, abstain a majority on the "conseil general"; three lawyers connected to political circles in Paris are nationally known notables (Louis Buffet, Jules Ferry, Jules Méline). There are not any large estate-owners, just a few big and medium land-owners or foresters whose influence on their district is diminishing. The conservative notables led by buffet, are elected as deputies for three mandates after the fall of the empire, three out of eight to the "assemblée nationale", they are defeated in 1876 and 1877: from then on they only keep a few local strongholds. Symbolic of their decline, Louis Buffet leaves the local political scene in the Vosges. The principal targets of criticism from the empire's prefects the republican notables’ strengthen their unity with the free masons especially in the mountains which are the most anti-plebiscite area. After 1871, under the leadership of Jules Ferry their influence grows continuously over the cotton manufacturers, the farmers and the town dwellers. The Ferry "system" rules over the department from 1877 on
Andréassian, Anne Elisabeth. "Les représentations de l'entreprise dans le roman français au XIXe siècle, 1829-1891." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010546.
Full textUmezawa, Aya. "La prison cellulaire et la folie des prisonniers : histoire des représentations de la prison et des prisonniers (1819-1848)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010585.
Full textAndioc, Torres Sophie. "Les idées politiques et littéraires de Domingo Del Monte." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080713.
Full textDomingo del monte was a central figure of the cuban society of the xix th century. He spent his life taking part in the marking events of the histoire of the colony from 1803 to 1853. He was the subject for every cultural polemics and for every political stir stemming from the conflicts between the romanticists and the neo-classicists, between the partisans of prioslavery and the abolitionists and between the reformists and the annexionists. His stances not only emerged from his actions in the society of his time. He also left us a written account in wich he proposes a wide and very complete programme meant to assure definitively the prosperity of cuba. In litterature, he recommended a raising of moral standards in plotsand language, as well as the creation of a peculiar litterature schowing the cultural originality of the island. He conceived a plan of reform for education in order to spread primary instruction to the whole population. In politic he claimed a larger autonomy compatible with the loyalty of the colony with spain. So he marked the history of ideas by his patriotism and his conception of the citizen utility
Triomphe, Pierre. "Les mises en scène du passé au Palais-Bourbon (1815-1848) : Aux origines d'une mémoire nationale." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30066.
Full textThroughout the age of history, the political debate in France made an extensive use of the past. Hence the interest of methodically studying the historical references found in the speeches of the House of Commons over a period beginning with the Restoration and the debates on the "Adresse", and closing with the end of the July Monarchy. Three distinct lines of approach or analysis can then be defined. One, where laying stress on the past is a way of making sense of the present at critical political junctures ; two, where judging from the personalities and events they mention, the various speakers share far more of a common imagination than generally acknowledged ; three, where the complexity of their relationship to the past, or areas of the past, poses a problem, as also the confrontation of any given theory of history to the hazards of the day to day debates. In all three cases, the break brought about by the "Trois Glorieuses" looms very large. With the July monarchy taking over from the Restoration, there occurs a dramatic change in the MP's references to the past : after 1830, the focus is both chronologically on more recent times (1789 is a limit rarely exceeded) and shared, in essentials at least, by all political families. Thus, the first draft of a national memory takes shape under the July monarchy, heralding the fuller Republican statement to follow, and pointing to an ever more progressist view of history
Gaussen, David. "Faire de l’histoire à l’époque romantique : histoire nationale, nouvelle histoire (France, 1789-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0125.
Full textBefore being nationalist, the history of France was national. In opposition to the monarchical history, scientists are looking at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to the story of all components of society. It is this epistemological revolution I try to explore in this thesis, in wich I put forward several little –known characters (Amans-Alexis Monteil, Félix Bourquelot, Eugène Garay de Monglave, etc. ) but have each played a important role in this process
Penez, Jérôme. "L'alchimie thermale : eau, medecine et loisirs. histoire du thermalisme en france au xixeme siecle." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070056.
Full textVaidie, Agnès. "Rôle et action de l'Eglise catholique en Guadeloupe après l'abolition de l'esclavage (1848-1911)." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070118.
Full textCatholic chrch is present is in the french colony of guadeloupe since the first economic exploitation by it's mother country. The nature, the influence, the specifities, thepermanences and the ruptures of the church mission are analysed to the light of the historic context of the catholicism diffusion (1816-1848), between the key moment of slavery abolition to the church-government separation of 1911. This, in a comparatist optic (with martinique and reunion) and through the study of the diverse clergy talk, of the different forms of pastoral action, of the evolution of relations between religious institution and colonial administration, of the growing part allowed to missionary scholastic work, of the difficult separation process, wich attest of the clerical tutelage of the colonial society as well as the politic and ideologic roll attributed to church. Nevertheless, we underline the clergy powerlessness to fill politic space, the different resistance forms to catholicism appeared in white and mulatto (anticlericalism. . . ) and black (illegitimate births. . . ) population components, the survival of african and indian cults, in spite of the missionary project of catholic hierarchy. These thesis induce therefore number of interrogations and research leads aimed to a better comprehensioin of the catholic religious actual experience specifically guadeloupean
Rouet, Gilles. "L'invention de l'école : étude statistique et cartographique diachronique des modèles scolaires et exploration d'un exemple régional : l'école primaire dans la Marne et les Ardennes sous la Monarchie de Juillet." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIML001.
Full textThe examination of the example of the north of the champagne illustrates the evolutionary study of the constituent elements, noted and recognized, of the polymorphic system of elementary education between 1820 and 1876. The scholastic practices, under the "monarchie de juillet", remained dissimilar on french territory but the manifestatio of certain social demands for instruction or surveillance favoured the invention of a coherent system in its representations as in its projected reality. The guizot law accelerated this evolution, at least in part of france, anticipating obligatory scholastic attendance and compulsory way for the incorporation of teachers into the civil service system. The "raison universelle", the purpose of which was the maintenance of social order and the formation of a citizenship, founded this law on 28 june 1833. To a particulat function, organized both thanks to a determined and concilatory policy and the desires of the local actors, is associated a particular framework, space, time, rythm and obhects. Thus appeared a new generation of teachers and trained professionals who distinguished themselves in the bosom of the communities. This administration of the school premises was removed from their control and they could interest themselves much more in the pedagogic aspects of primary instruction. The invention of school, a collective space of examplary sanitation, testifies to the recognition of the status of childhood, a period devoted to the apprentice ship of knowledg and social living. The "comites locaux et superieurs" had a fundamental role in the ideological generalization and application of the system. Disapearing at the same time as the political regime, they permited the establishment oc a centralised control of elementary education. The school thus becam a state apparatus
Zekri, Mostafa. "Le Shaykh Sīdī al-Hajj ʿAlī al-Darq̄awī al-Ilghī : un saint marocain du XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0008.
Full textThis thesis offers to examine the lif and the doctrine of a moroccan sufi shaykh, the shaykh sidi al-hajj 'ali al-darqawi al-ilghi (d. 1328/1910) whose influence remanied regional. Through the manuscripts or printed texts and testimonies gathered during the investigation, we tried to answer to many questions that we've put during our reading and a long our journeys in different zawaya where stay the shaykh alilghi's disciples. The chapter i retraces the moroccan's socio-political frame work of that time, under the menace of the westerners (european) occupation. The chapter ii is consecrated to the shaykh al-ilghi's formation and origins. The chapter iii describes from the hagiographical basic elements, the stages of the initiatical route of sidi al-hajj 'ali al-darqawi. The chapter iv puts the question about the succession and the access to the spiritual mastery. The chapter v analyses the pilgrimage stories of shaykh. Lastly the chapter vi deals with the shaykh alilghi's education that he adapted as wellas as at that time and to the disciples formation
Thiercé, Agnès. "Histoire de l'adolescence et des adolescents : France 1850-1914 : d'un âge de classe à une classe d'âge." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070082.
Full textThis history of adolescence in france from 1850 to the first world war recalls the conceiving of this age around a minority of pubescents and then its extension to the whole age group. Until the 1880-1890's (first part), boys of the upper class are the only pubescents who are integrated into specific institutions of adolescent age - secondary schools - and the only one integrated into the discourse of pedagogues, moralists and doctors about adolescence. The image of adolescence the adults have is critical and dangerous. Pupil's attitudes, and especially the 135 scolar rebellions listed, show adolescents in revolt against the statute descended from this image. From the 1890's (second part), adolescence became an age group, open to new actors : boys of popular classes and girls of all classes. This evolution take place with new educational policy - school and post-scholl policies, state and religious policies - and with the emergence of new discourses, especially the discourses of psychologists. Psychologists try to define the universal characters of the adolescence and they revalue this age's image. This conceptual evolution, the birth of the adolescent age group, the conditions of this birth, more generally the conditions of conceiving and belonging to adolescence, are the main lessons of this thesis
Maillard, Alain. "De la république à la communauté des biens : le communisme néo-babouviste des années 1840, étude sociologique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070061.
Full textThe sociological explication of the french neo-babouvism in the 1840's requires three levels of analysis: 1 the homologies between the utopian communism and the forms of collective property and solidarity in the peasant communisties, and in the guilds; the homology with the french state's unified and centralized structure during the old regim and the first republic; 2 the formation of a republican-worker imaginary and organisations, the pregnance of a robespierrist and babouvist memory, the development of the social utopies; 3 the fondamental insertion of the neo-babouvists in the republican movment: from which the constitution of an ideological and political group and not of an utopian community (like the icarians)
Verley, Patrick. "Les facteurs de l'industrialisation française au XIXe siècle : analyse comparative." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010618.
Full textVergnet, Laurent. "Sur quelques pharmaciens bordelais du XIXème siècle : portraits photographiques et bio-bibliographie." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P080.
Full textCorcy, Marie-Sophie. "Techniques photographiques de prise de vue, formes et applications scientifiques et industrielles de la photographie en noir et blanc en France (1839-1920)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040233.
Full textRelating the development of photographic shooting techniques (photographic chamber, optics, closing system, frames but also sensitive processes) from 1839 (date of promulgation for the law concerning the photography) to 1920 (transition to another technical system based on the miniaturization and the integration of the elements making the camera up) and understand this development in accordance with the history of these techniques. We have emphasized the motor of this development (the research on the instantaneous illustrated by the progress made on the sensitivity of chemical processes). We have expanded this problematic by demonstrating the existence of periplural technical systems, that have progressively formed around the generic photographic technical system, and which are illustrated by the forms of photography but also by its scientific and industrial applications. We have on another hand, demonstrated the part of the amateur (confirmed or novice) in this evolutionary process. Finally, we have illustrated this intention by the analysis of a hundred “stereoscopic” pictures, an amateur's work at the end of the XIXth century
Escudier, Alexandre. "Le récit historique comme problème théorique en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0027.
Full textSoriot, Annie. "Le travail et la question sociale : histoire de la construction d'une synthèse entre le socialisme et l'économie politique au XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010058.
Full textFauvel, Aude. "Témoins aliénés et "Bastilles modernes" : une histoire politique, sociale et culturelle des asiles en France (1800-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0112.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationships between the French society and the mentally ill during the nineteenth century. It questions the image of a "psychiatric order". The first part consists of a re-reading of the beginings of psychiatry. It unmasks the fact that the alienists were confronted by violent critics from the begining. These critics intensified in the 1860's : the problem of the destruction of the "modern Bastilles" (asylums) became the battle cry of the republican opposition. Thus the Third Republic opened an era of crisis for mental health. The study of this crisis forms the second part of this thesis. We discover how the anti-alienist movement modified representations of madness, how it weighed on the evolution of the care of the mentally ill and on the psychiatric discipline. The third part deals with the mentally ill and focuses on the way in which patients influenced their own course of history, based on written testimonies or collective actions such as revolts
Soulard, François. "La mise en place des formations intermédiaires en chimie appliquée au XIXesiècle en France : de Jean-antoine Chaptal à Victor Duruy (1800-1869)." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2100.
Full textInspired by the Encyclopedism and the liberalism of the beginning of the 19th century, Jean-Antoine Chaptal, tried to organize the training of French chemists to accompany the development of the new industry. If he failed to institutionalize them, he succeeded, thanks to an influencial network, in multiplying the local offers for vocational education. In order to release a nonexhaustive photography of these local initiatives, this thesis will reconstruct the main elements of this specific education, beyond the local variations. One of the results of this study is, we hope for it, the renewal of historical prospects for the technical and intermediate education during the 19th century. The enseignement secondaire spécial institutionalized by Victor Duruy in 1865 is the most remarkable point. Then, actors of chemical training would find with this new program the means of institutionalizing their teaching practices and their vision in the field of professionalized secondary education
Roux, Christian. "L'inspection primaire et la surveillance de l'école en France au XIXe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10049.
Full textThis thesis deals with the historical and thematic development of primary education inspection in the nineteenth century within the political and legal framework of the period. It also considers the human ressources then available (namely the primary school inspectorate from its inception in 1835 until the passing of the ferry legislation in 1881-1882 ) it discusses the following issues : - supervision as evidence of the way in which the state took control of education in the 19th century. - the power conferred by this supervision role. - the three main functions of the primary school inspectorate, namely : to promote primary education, to standardize teaching methods and to preserve the status quo. This study also has a biographical aim : it has allowed a list to be made of the primary school inspectors appointed between 1835 and 1882 ; it has, in addition, provided an opportunity to formally record the names, and to retrace the careers, of the men who contributed, mainly anonymously, to the creatioin and growth of primary education
Date, Kiyonobu. "L'histoire religieuse au miroir de la morale laïque au XIXe siècle en France." Lille 3, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00310953.
Full textThere is no barrier today for religious studies to encompass secular ethics (morale laïque), but has it always been so ? Historically, secular ethics and the science of religions were born in the 19th century out of religious criticism. They found legitimacy in the 1880's with the establishment of the 3rd Republic in France. The former was especially employed in primary education as a means to form citizens, while the latter was primarily confined to a relatively small group of specialists within the framework of higher education. The domains of application of morals and religious studies seem, then, to differ. Texts of the first half of the 19th century, however, often show interconnected these two fields were. It is consequently opportune to reflect on the historical conditions that led these two fields to being perceived as different. For its promoters, secular ethics was a means to free society from ethics based on religion. But secular ethics is no devoid of religious elements. The history of religions, as a modern social science, has distanced itself from theology but shares with it some of its representation schemes. Even if the beginning of the 20th century sees the spiritual component of secular ethics wane and the Christian-centric perspective of the history of religions attenuate, the religious continues to haunt both ethics and religious studies. It was also the moment when these two domaines could meet again on a new level
Haghe, Jean-Paul. "Les eaux courantes et l'Etat en France (1789-1919) : du contrôle institutionnel à la fétichisation marchande." Paris, EHESS, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01093647.
Full textDesjardins, Pauline. "L'organisation spatiale du corridor du Canal de Lachine au 19e siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47606.pdf.
Full textStoecklin, Hubert. "Scènes de la folie dans l'opéra au XIXème siècle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M082.
Full textDebofle, Pierre. "La politique d'urbanisme de la ville de Paris sous la Restauration." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040172.
Full textDuring the 19th century, Haussmann was not the only man who transformed Paris and changed deeply the aspect of the French capital. Before him, indeed, several public works were realized during the reigns of king Louis XVIII and king Charles X. These public works, however, were often decided and undertaken by napoleon and his government and unfinished when he was obliged to abdicate. Such is the subject of this thesis, consisting of three parts: the first part is a description of Paris between 1814 and 1830, and of all the problems of a great city. The second part examines the conditions of city-planning: conceptions, institutions, rules and laws, financing, building sites and materials. The third part makes a survey of achieved public works with a special place for private initiatives. Documents and records, lists of alinements of streets and new roads, maps and illustrations, and a general index complete the text
Jerad, Rahma. "L'expansion américaine au prisme de Cuba : esclavage, abolition et rivalités internationales, 1836-1860 : une histoire culturelle et diplomatique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070005.
Full textIn the two decades that led to the Civil War, the proslavery southern ideologues regarded Cuba as the model of a prosperous society where slavery was a widespread and thriving institution. This model society, so close to the southern states, both on a geographical and on an economic level, thus became the focus of their interest. But, this interest in the island of Cuba was not limited to the South, nor to the twenty years preceding the Civil War. It is certain indeed that the US interest in the island dates back to the very first days of the Union, but that historians have usually been more interested in the period of Manifest Destiny because that is when the Union was the most active in its attempts to take control of the island and integrate it to its territory. The aim of the present thesis is thus first to trace back the origins and the reasons of US interest in what was often called the Perl of Antilles. Then, it is to replace this expansionnism in a larger international context in order to show that this interest was motivated not only by the national expansionist ideology but also by a wider range of international actors, events and elements, among which slavery, slave trade and their abolition by Great Britain are central. The purpose is then to emphasize elements that were often ignored by US historiography and give a more prominent place to the role played by the Cubans in this expansionist movement. By using American, Cuban and British sources, travel accounts as well as diplomatic sources, it will nonetheless appear that this annexationist desire was a complex phenomenon, due to Americans1 ambiguous feelings, to be sure their increasing racism, towards their Hispanic neighbours. This dissertation then uses the concept of Atlantic history, and can be regarded as forming part of the transatlantic study of slavery, a paradigm that, since the early 1990s, has renewed research on slavery in the Americas. And through the use of various, multinational sources it seeks to give a more balanced and hopefully a more complete history of the period
Osorio, Gonsen Frida. "Le pouvoir politique entre conservation et modération : histoire d'un problème au prisme de l'expérience constitutionnelle mexicaine (1824-1842)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0059.
Full textIn a context of serious political upheavels, the need to avoid unbridled exercice of power was for Mexico inseparable from the difficulty to overcome the weakness of the authority of the State. This tension brings up the problem of reconciling the claim for freedom and the need of authority from the State which political regimes stemming from modern revolutions had already faced. Our study aims to echo how this problem arose in Mexico at the end of the war of Independence and the answers that were given. This work mainly focuses on the difficulties met by the Mexican constitutionalism to consolidate the authority of the State without falling into arbitrariness. We seek to show that the will to articulate the exigenciesof conservation and moderation of the political power inspired the implementation of a neutral third party device aiming to control law's constitutionality and to carry out effective solutions to deal with political crises. This is the only case in the Hispanic world where a neutral power of this kind was intended to be established in a republican regime. Thus, our dissertation disagrees with the interpretations that advocate that the constitutions established in Mexco in the Nineteenth-Century would have only served to disguise an authoritarian ideology
Kury, Lorelai Brilhante. "Civiliser la nature : histoire naturelle et voyages (France, fin du XVIIIe siècle - début du XIXe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0085.
Full textStarting with the enlightenment, the histoire naturelle was characterized by the emphasis on the utility of nature. Within this context, botany, zoology and agriculture were seen as crucial disciplines in the development of civilization as well immediately relevant to the happiness of mankind. The search for exotic natural products thus mobilized considerable individual and institutional efforts. The parisian museum d'histoire naturelle played a key role in the studies of nature carried on in france : there, exotic natural products became part of a universal system of knowledge, thanks to their orderly disposition and the acknowledgement of their utility. Often carrying with them detailed instructions, naturalists left their country with the hope of finding extraordinary plants living in privileged countries. Voyages did however constitute a highly heterogenous enterprise, differing in motivation, execution and outcome. The voyage, as perceived by contemporaries, represented the intellectual and physical conquest of the world involving science, utopia, personal gain, public utility and adventure. Back to france, the chimera of the acclimatisation of exotic plants indicated the hope of overcoming the geographical limitations imposed upon living beings, thus submitting nature to civilization
Brisou, Dominique. "Accueil, introduction et développement de l'énergie vapeur dans la Marine militaire française au XIXème siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040031.
Full textThe industrial revolution which acted France between 1815 and 1870 provoked a true maritime revolution in the French navy, because of steam-engine application for ship-propulsion, and its introduction into the navy yards for moving a lot of machine tools furnished by industry. A paddle fleet was developed into areas peripheral to the main sail fleet. However these new ships were not able for warfare, because they were very vulnerable and not able to have sufficient gunnery. After an estimation period (1843-1847), the screw propeller harmonized sail with steam, so that engineer Stanislas Dupuy de Lôme invented the first true steam capital ship (1850). Then many sail battleships were equipped by auxiliary engine which fitted in the new screw propeller. Since 1860 another adaptation was made necessary because of the invention of armored capital ship by Dupuy de Lôme, who developed for her an engine which profited by new science showing a better steam use. On that account, 1870 is an important date because surface condenser was adopted; this apparatus then authorized increase of pressure, thus flight of power practicable for ships
Paturzo, Mariagrazia. "Il conto nella letteratura francese del XIX secolo." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040004.
Full textOur work traces an historical perspective of the genre of the conte through the presentation of lots of texts of the 19th century, and considers the characteristics which make the conte a particular literary genre, different from the nouvelle. Always keeping in mind that the conte and the nouvelle are almost inseparables in the 19th century, our dissertation aims to present the different kinds of contes existing in this century and, at the same time, to meditate on the idea of conte as a specific genre. Our dissertation is made up of three different parts, namely the Introduction, the General Part and the Conclusions. The introductive part retraces the iter of the short story from the Middle Ages up to the 17th century and also proposes some definitions of conte and nouvelle given by dictionaries of different periods. The General Part proposes an historical as well as literary perspective of the genre of the conte in its different aspects through the analysis of more than a hundred collections of contes of the 19th century. It also analyses the role of the conte in the reviews (ch. V) and in the mélanges (ch. VI) of that age. The Conclusions are entirely consecrated to the reflections on the idea of the conte considered as a specific literary genre, enouncing the theories proposed in the 19th century by Gœthe, Edgar Poe, Baudelaire and Marcel Schwob, and also proposing a definition of the conte in the 19th century through the three categories of Form, Subject and Message
Adnani, Jillali el. "Entre hagiographie et histoire, les origines d'une confrérie musulmane maghrébine : la Tijâniyya (1781-1880)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10046.
Full textThe strategy of the founder of the tijaniyya fits in the mouvement of the brotherhood legacy and is placed among what could be called fruit ful of wave maghreb saints from the xiii th and xix centuries : ahmad b. Idris (m. 1837), al-'arbi al-darqawi(m. L839) et muhammad b. 'ali al-sanusi (m. 1859). In order to study the origins of the tijaniyya brotherhood and its spreading, the prevailing socio-economic, political and cultural framework of its birth must be taken into consideration. We would like to suggest that : without ahmad al-tijani's constrained de parture from 'ayn-madi the brotherhood would not have been created, it would not have been built there if its opponents had not been hunted out; nor would it have met with a favorable reception in morocco without the opposition of the other brotherhoods to the sultan m. Sulayman (1792-1822). This introduction aims at clarifying those various points together with suggesting leading lines and calling fresh perspectives. The founder character consisted of a jurist, a saint, also of thaumaturge and the connaisseur of alchemy and magical science. His brotherhood soole also doctrinal colourations and contraditory political positions, during his settlements between algeria and morocco, and after the frensh conquest. It is noted that the tijani-s of tlemcen, know for the mahdists ideas, organised insurrections in the region of tlemcen and close to the algerian-moroccan frontiers thus promise frensh expulsion untill the last man, then the tijani-s of 'ayn-madi and tamasin would form an alliance with the colonial administration. How does one explain the polyvalence of this brotherhood that decared itself superior to other tariqa-s and its founder declared himself to be the seal of saints ?
Orselli, Jean. "Usages et usagers de la route : pour une histoire de moyenne durée (1860-2008)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010523.
Full textCunique, Pierre-Philippe. "Le bagne de 1852 à 1953 : histoire d'une institution pénale." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0540.
Full textIn France the 19th century was a period of technical and social revolutions announcing the modern world. Law, particulary the criminal law and the penitentiary question had to be reconsidered. Using the colonies as penal deportation territories allowed the Imperial and Republican lawmakers to keep the "undesiderable" convicts away from the homeland favouring the population by this penal element. The criminal law was strengthened by the Act of 30th May 1854 establishing the transport of convicts sentenced to Hard Labour and by the Act of 27th May 1885 with relegation of recidivists. These arrangements previously applied to political convicts (simple deportation and deportation in fortifications) were added to the Penal Code. The judiciary custom in the 19th century was marked by a real predilection for penal exile. The penal settlements marked the collective consciousness during nearly 2 centuries, the penal colonies constitued a certain side of penal history. Today at the beginning of the 21st century what is left? Historically how did these penal colonies appear? What was the evolution in the Penal Code? Which are remains in our present legislation? Nowadays at the beginning of the 3rd millenium imprisonment represents the principal sentence, does the possibility- the risk- the resurgence- always exist using these ancient punishments?
Decker, Émile. "Sarreguemines au XIXème siècle : la faïencerie Utzschneider : 1790-1914 : contribution à une histoire des goûts et des styles au XIXème siècle." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc207/2001NAN21007_1.pdf.
Full textDuring the 19th century, the Sarreguemines works located in the north of Lorraine on the German border became one of the leading centres for earthenware production in Europe. Very early on the factory introduced industrial production techniques. The work was carried out with the aid of machines or processes making mass-production a reality. Satisfying the public remained a key factor, and every aspect of the business was tailored to meeting the whims of the factory's clientele. This approach led to the manufacturing of objects of rather dubious aesthetic quality. Often, the technical quality of the workmanship made up for the insufficiency of the design. The company sought to react against the mediocrity and monotony of mass production through an increased use of decor and diverse shapes, adding plenty of variety to its catalogue. The wide choice available enabled the client to enjoy the illusion that he or she owned something truly unique. During the 19th century, the style of the objects produced varied according to taste. History was always a source of inspiration. During the Empire and the Restoration, the items produced where neo-classical and their models were English. During the Louis Philippe period, under the influence of Romantism, eclectism was the norm : Italian majolica of the Renaissance and French earthenware from the 17th and 18th centuries were all copied and interpreted. Exotic patterns were ever-increasing in number. Initially, the designs used had featured approximate replications of Oriental works, later happily giving way to something more in keeping with the spirit in which Western artists worked. Nature was always a favourite subject for the earthenware artists, and according to the period the representations of plants were marked by Romanticism, Japanism or Art nouveau. Earthenware also met a growing public demand for imagery : hundreds of series were produced with highly varied themes including the history of France, topical subjects, picturesque illustrations, or humorous scenes. For over a century, the production of the Sarreguemines works has mirrored changes in taste and style
Fortier, Bénédicte. "Instruction publique et statut colonial : histoire analytique d'un processus d'émancipation dans les quatre vieilles colonies françaises avant 1848." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOD002.
Full textMoret, Frédéric. "Les socialistes britanniques et français et la ville : 1820-1850." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070013.
Full textThe thought of british and french socialists ou the city is full of rural nostalgy. The city is the place of the social cuisis, of economic, sanitary, architectural disovder. Urban conditions of life ( lodging, eating, education. . . ) avec used as argument for the socialist ideas promotion. Community will offer to its in habitants everything the city doesn't offer. However, the city has a very inportant place in the socialist theory. It is the place of history, progress, science, culture. Socialist militantism is only urban. Through the urban question, some socialists ( and particularly the fourievists) move to a politic approach
Monira-Paulus, Séverine. "Puissance et déclin d'un courant d'Eglise : recherche sur les expressions du gallicanisme en France, de 1801 à 1870." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30003.
Full textBoudon, Jacques-Olivier. "L'épiscopat français de l'époque concordataire (1802-1905) : origines, formation, désignation." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040305.
Full textThis work is a study of the 515 French bishops of the Concordatory period. The first part deals with the geographical and social origins of the episcopate, then with the intellectual formation in the seminaries and in the theological faculties. The second part studies the careers of the futur bishops, and their religious and political opinions. In the third part, the question is about how they become bishops. The nomination by the French government and the influences of the others bishops and the canonical institution from the pope are analyzed
Napoli, Paolo. "La "police" en France à l'âge moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècle) : histoire d'un mode de normativité." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA066.
Full textPetit, Axel. "Histoire du concept d’ion au dix-neuvième siècle." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=e02e18c1-3dc3-4e1b-ae0d-1313d74d284f.
Full textThis dissertation describes the circulation of the concept of ion throughout the 19th century. As a symbol of the claims for the unity of science, it was subject to a diversity of appropriations and transformations. The first part exposes the many approaches of the problem raised by the phenomenon of electrolysis between 1800 and 1830. Despite deep theoretical and philosophical differences, a common culture of electrochemistry emerged in Europe. The second part deals with the coining and reception of the concept of ion in this both stable and heteroclite context. From 1834 to the end of the 1870’s, ionic theories were invented, accepted, rejected or transformed by men who were influenced by different scientific traditions. German scientists particularly spread and transformed the concept of ion. The third part describes the spectacular rise of interest the concept of ion and electrolysis benefited between 1880 and the 1910’s. Ideas on matter and electricity and experimental methods collided. It was the cause of important transformations of the concept of ion. The aim of this dissertation is to maintain embedded the epistemic and social aspects that affected the history of the concept of ion
Jdey, Ahmed. "La pensee sociale, politique et culturelle de ben diaf." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2006.
Full textIfrak, Karim. "Histoire du livre imprimé au Maroc : Aux origines d’une mutation au royaume chérifien [1865-1956]." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4004.
Full textThe modern typography was born in the middle of the IXe/XVe century under the sky of Mainz of Johannes's Gutenberg hand. Yet, almost three centuries were necessary so that this revolutionary process can come at the end of the limitations imposed by Sublime Door. Immediately, a large number of Arab and Muslim countries got themselves one after the other typographic press, gained by the obsessional idea to catch up from now on legendary. Morocco, nevertheless nearby country among the closest to Europe, will adopt the printing office only very late in 1865, that is four hundred years later. In front of such gaps, we can only wonder legally about the watermarks of such a resolution. Especially as where the printing office penetrated into the Arab and Muslim world, into some for military reasons, into the others for religious or political reasons, into Morocco it, distinguished itself by a quite singular: an individual initiative of dark one qadi of a town of the south of the Kingdom. So, the spirit of our study aims to be a high-level reflection based around several multidisciplinary major axes. In this perspective, we shall study the universe of the "handwritten" book in the chérifien Kingdom, its origins, its actors and its craftsmen. We shall also examine his bookish production as intellectual dynamics, its mechanisms and its stumbling blocks. Finally, we shall bend over the logics which agreed on the copy mechanized to stand out, by taking into account its impact on the intellectual, political and social Moroccan environment, as well as all the consequences which resulted from it
Guilhot, Nicolas. "Histoire d'une parenthèse cartographique : Les Alpes du Nord dans la cartographie topographique française aux 19e et 20e siècles." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/guilhot_n.
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