Academic literature on the topic 'ISM band 2.4 GHz'

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Journal articles on the topic "ISM band 2.4 GHz"

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Zahraoui, I., A. Errkik, M. C. Abounaima, A. Tajmouati, L. E. Abdellaoui, and M. Latrach. "A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2018-2026.

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In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm<sup>2</sup> and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
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Mansour, Mohamed M., Shota Torigoe, Shuya Yamamoto, and Haruichi Kanaya. "Compact and Simple High-Efficient Dual-Band RF-DC Rectifier for Wireless Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151764.

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(1) Background: This work presents a high-efficiency, high sensitivity, compact rectifier based on a dual-band impedance matching network that employs a simple and straightforward T-matching circuit, for sub-1 GHz license-free applications. The development of a low-cost RF energy harvester dedicated to the ISM bands is introduced. The proposed rectifier design is optimized to operate at the sub-GHz frequency bands (0.9 to 2.4 GHz), specifically those at the ISM 900 and 2400 MHz. The motivation for this band is due to the low attenuation, well-known fundamental electromagnetic theories and background, and several wireless communications are emitting at those bands, such as RFID (2). Methods: The rectifier design is based on a simple, balanced single-series diode connected with a T-matching circuit. The dual-band performance is achieved by deploying reactive elements in each branch. The full mathematical analysis and simulation results are discussed in the manuscript. (3) Results: The rectifier can achieve a 80 MHz bandwidth around 920 MHz frequency and 200 MHz around the higher band 2.4 GHz. The resultant conversion efficiency level is maintained above 45% at both bands with a peak efficiency reaches up to 70% at the higher band. The optimum terminal load attached to the circuit at which the peak efficiency is achieved, is given as 4.7 kΩ. (4) Conclusion: Due to the compactness and small footprint, simple design, and simple integration with microwave circuits, the proposed rectifier architecture might find several potential applications in wireless RF energy harvesting.
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Otman, Oulhaj, Naima A. Touhami, Mohamed Aghoutane, and Abdelmounaim Belbachir Kchairi. "A New Design of a Wideband Miniature Antenna Array." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1850-1857.

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In this work, we present a new configuration of a new miniature microstrip antenna array having a wide frequency band and with a circular polarization. The bandwidth is about 2GHz for a reflection coefficient under -10dB and centered on the ISM ‘Industrial Scientific Medical’ band at 5.8 GHz. To design such array, we have started the design by validating one antenna element at 10 GHz and after that by using the technique of defected ground, we have validated the antenna array in the frequency band [4 GHz -6 GHz] which will permit to miniature the dimensions. The final fabricated antenna array is mounted on an FR4 substrate, the whole area is 102.48 X 31.39 mm<sup>2</sup> with a gain of 5dBi at 4GHz.
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Islam, Md Shazzadul, Muhammad I. Ibrahimy, S. M. A. Motakabber, A. K. M. Zakir Hossain, and S. M. Kayser Azam. "Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure for biomedical application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1495.

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Proper narrowband antenna design for wearable devices in the biomedical application is a significant field of research interest. In this work, defected ground structure-based microstrip patch antenna has been proposed that can work for narrowband applications. The proposed antenna works exactly for a single channel of ISM band. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz with a return loss of around -30 dB. The -10dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 20 MHz (2.442-2.462 GHz), which is the bandwidth of channel 9 in ISM band. The antenna has achieved a high gain of 7.04 dBi with an increase of 17.63% antenna efficiency in terms of realized gain by using defected ground structure. Three linear vector arrays of arrangement 1 2, 1 4 and 1 8 have been designed to validate the proposed antenna performances as an array. The proposed antenna is light weighted, low cost, easy to fabricate and with better performances that makes it suitable for biomedical WLAN applications.
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Mansour, Mohamed, Kamel Sultan, and Haruichi Kanaya. "Compact Dual-Band Tapered Open-Ended Slot-Loop Antenna For Energy Harvesting Systems." Electronics 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091394.

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In this study, a compact dual-band combined loop-slot planar antenna is proposed. (1) Background: multi-function antennas are desired for wireless communication to cover the desired frequency spectrum. (2) Methods: the proposed antenna consists of a semi-rectangular open-ended loop (OEL) operating at the lower frequency band 920 MHz, an open-ended slot (OES) transmission line that provides resonance at the higher band 2.4 GHz, and a feeding port using the asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) line. The ACS is used to excite the antenna to achieve dual-band performance. The overall dimensions of the fabricated prototype are 32.5 × 53.5 mm2 (0.1λo×0.16λo), where λo represents the free-space wavelength at the lower frequency. (3) Results: from the calculations, the antenna shows two impedance bandwidths (estimated at −10dB) of 30 MHz (920–950 MHz) and 300 MHz (2.2–2.5 GHz) to cover the ISM band (920 MHz) and 2.45 GHz WiFi bands, respectively. Indeed, the antenna has stable radiation patterns and achieves peak measured realized gain of 1.8 dBi in the lower band and 4.2 dBi in the higher band. (4) Conclusion: the antenna shows the merits of low profile structure, single-layer, and low-cost fabrication. The proposed antenna not only achieves incremental increase in radiation efficiency, but also provides a lightweight, and small footprint.
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Khan, Faisal A., Chris Rizos, and Andrew G. Dempster. "Locata Performance Evaluation in the Presence of Wide- and Narrow-Band Interference." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331000007x.

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Classically difficult positioning environments often call for augmentation technology to assist the GPS, or more generally the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. The “Locata” ground-based ranging technology offers augmentation, and even replacement, to GPS in such environments. However, like any other system relying on wireless technology, a Locata positioning network also faces issues in the presence of RF interference (RFI). This problem is magnified due to the fact that Locata operates in the licence-free 2·4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The licence-free nature of this band attracts a much larger number of devices using a wider range of signal types than for licensed bands, resulting in elevation of the noise floor. Also, harmonics from out-of-band signals can act as potential interferers. WiFi devices operating in this band have been identified as the most likely potential interferer, due partially to their use of the whole ISM band, but also because Locata applications often also may use a wireless network. This paper evaluates the performance of Locata in the presence of both narrow- and wide-band interfering signals. Effects of received interference on both raw measurements and final solutions are reported and analysed. Test results show that Locata performance degrades in the presence of received interference. It is also identified that high levels of received interference can affect Locata carriers even if the interference is not in co-frequency situation with the affected carrier. Finally, Locata characteristics have been identified which can be exploited to mitigate RFI issues.
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Singla, Geetanjali, Rajesh Khanna, and Davinder Parkash. "CPW fed rectangular rings-based patch antenna with DGS for WLAN/UNII applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 5-6 (February 21, 2019): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000023.

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AbstractThe spectral congestion in existing Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands has led to the emergence of new ISM bands (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)) from 5.150 to 5.710 GHz. In this paper, a simple uniplanar, high gain, microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for existing WLAN and new UNII standards. The proposed antenna provides dualband operation by joining two rectangular rings and cutting Defected Ground Structure in the Coplanar Wave Guide (CPW) feed. The experimental and simulation results show good return loss characteristics and stable radiation pattern over the desired frequency bands ranging from 2.20 to 2.65 GHz (WLAN band) at a lower frequency and from 5.0 to 5.45 GHz (UNII-1/UNII-2 bands). The measured peak gains are 5.5 and 4.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz (WLAN band) and 5.15 GHz (UNII band), respectively.
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Wu, Chih-Kuang, Tsung-Fu Chien, Chin-Lung Yang, and Ching-Hsing Luo. "Design of Novel S-Shaped Quad-Band Antenna for MedRadio/WMTS/ISM Implantable Biotelemetry Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/564092.

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A novel S-shaped quad-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for implantable biotelemetry in the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz), Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band (1427–1432 MHz), and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands (433-434 MHz and 2.4–2.4835 GHz). The proposed antenna reveals compact dimension of 254 mm3(10×10×2.45 mm3) and is composed of three substrates and a superstrate, which are constructed from an S-shaped radiator (layer 1) and two twin radiators of spiral structures (layer 2 and layer 3). The optimal antenna characteristics were measured in the ground pork skin, and the measured bandwidths are 150 MHz for the MedRadio and ISM bands (433 MHz), 52 MHz for the WMTS band, and 102 MHz for the ISM band (2.4 GHz), respectively. The characteristics of proposed antenna are enough to support the applications of implantable body area networks (BAN) for biotelemetry and can completely cover main available frequency bands of BAN for biotelemetry below 3 GHz.
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Nguyen, Tri, Bui Thi Duyen, and Hoang Thi Phuong Thao. "A Compact Switched Beam Antenna Array for ISM Band." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 19, no. 6.2 (June 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ict-ud.2021.134.

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This paper proposes the switched beam antenna array at the center frequency of 2.45GHz with a bandwidth of 187 MHz, from 2.32 GHz to 2.51 GHz. The phase shifter of antenna utilizes a 4×4 planar Butler matrix with phase differences between its outputs of ±135° and ±45° to obtain four the different main beam directions. The proposed design is fully described including the patch antenna element, the antenna array, the phase shifter that forms the completed antenna array. The antenna array achieves a gain max up to 7 dBi, and the angles of the main beam directions of -41°, -12°, +15°, +48° in a horizontal plane. The beamwidth of the four main beams is from 26° to 31.8° in E-plane and from 38.5° to 55.4° in H-plane. The advantage of the antenna is the planar structure and compact dimension of 200×230mm2. The proposed antenna is suitable for ISM band.
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Madhav, Boddapati T. P., Shaik Rajiya, Badugu P. Nadh, and Munuswami S. Kumar. "Frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with DGS for ISM band applications." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0041.

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Abstract In this article a compact frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented for wireless communication applications of industrial, scientific and medical band (ISM). The proposed antenna model is designed with the dimensions of 58mm×48 mm on FR4 epoxy of dielectric constant 4.4 with the thickness of 0.8 mm. The proposed antenna consists of defected T-shape ground plane, which acts as a reflector. In the design of frequency reconfigurable antenna, BAR 64-02V PIN diodes are used as switching elements and antenna is fed by microstrip transmission line. The proposed antenna can switch at different frequencies (2.5 GHz, 2.3 GHz and 2.2 GHz) depending on the biasing voltage applied to the PIN diodes. The current antenna showing VSWR < 2 in the operating band and providing peak realized gain of 3.2 dBi. A good matching obtained between expected and the measured results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ISM band 2.4 GHz"

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Šimka, Marek. "Lokalizace uvnitř budov pomocí technologie LoRa." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442421.

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This diploma thesis focuses on possible utilization of LoRa (Long Range) technology for indoor localization purposes. In this thesis, the starter kit SK-iM282A is used to create a LoRa-based wireless link in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Main attention is focused on the experimental localization using the RSSI method in the various transmission environments, including a description of the localization principle, the procedure of processing the measured data and the evaluation of localized coordinates. The rightness of the proposed measurement setup and methodology is verified by extensive measurements in various environments and compared with state-of-the-art article.
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Kaučiarik, Filip. "Koexistence systémů LoRa a Wi-Fi v RF pásmu 2.4 GHz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413107.

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Diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom koexistencie, ktorá môže nastať medzi bezdrôtovými komunikačnými systémami LoRa a Wi-Fi v bezlicenčnom ISM pásme 2,4 GHz. V teoretickej časti práce sú stručne popísané fyzické vrstvy obidvoch systémov. Následne sú definované spoločné frekvenčné pásma a koexistenčné scenáre, ktoré môžu vzniknúť medzi uvažovanými systémami v spoločnom rádiofrekvenčnom (RF) pásme. V experimentálnej časti práce je prezentované laboratórne meracie pracovisko, ktoré bolo navrhnuté na meranie rôznych koexistenčných scenárov medzi technológiou LoRa a Wi-Fi. Funkčnosť navrhnutej koncepcie je overená experimentálnym meraním. Výsledky meraní sú detailne komentované a prezentované. Je navrhnutá laboratórna úloha a vzorový protokol pre vzdelávacie účely v Laboratóriu Mobilných a Bezdrôtových komunikácií.
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Brännlund, Stig. "Implementering av felpredikteringoch frekvenshopp i ett 2,4 GHzradiosystem." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Elektroteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3632.

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Maxicap AB är ett företag som utvecklar och tillverkar elektronisk utrustning för bland annat olika mätuppgifter. Målet med detta examensjobb var att undersöka och implementera en stabil trådlös dataöverföringsmetod med den utrustning som Maxicap ville använda. Detta skulle åstadkommas/testas genom att sända temperatursensorvärden trådlöst med Nordic Semiconductor’ssändtagare (eng. transceiver) styrda av Atmel’s mikrokontrollers. Arbetet fokuserade på att få till denna stabila trådlösa överföring genom att implementera frekvenshoppning och datapaketskontroll på datatrafiken inom det fria 2,4 GHz ISM-bandet. All den C-kod som utvecklades i detta arbete är skriven för att vara lättanpassad till flera olika modeller av mikrokontrollers inom Atmel’s produktserie samt att kunna användas till andra liknande projekt. Koden är väldokumenterad med kommentarer vid varje funktionsblock som beskriver vad funktionerna gör och hur de skall användas. Arbetet resulterade i två fungerande prototyper. En enhet känner av temperaturen i luften och skickar sedan detta temperaturvärde trådlöst till enhet nummer två. Detta värde samt några inställningsvärden för mottagaren visas sedan på den enhetens display.
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Shih, Ching Wen, and 施景文. "Narrow band 2.4 GHz WLAN and broad band 2-4 GHz Hybrid Integrated Frequency Synthesizer." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79751755172810565960.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
84
In this project, the design, fabrication and measurement of a narrow band(2.4-2.484 GHz) and a broad band(2-4 GHz) hybrid integrated S-band BJT,FET VCO,PLL and synthesizer are presented. We fabricated the narrow band and broad bandVCO circit using hybrid-MIC technology. We also wrote a Turbo C program to control the PLL IC, and design a suitable loop filter for the PLL to complete these low cost,small size frequency synthesizer. The size of 2.4 GHz VCO circuit is 12mm x 14mm. The measured phase noise at 10KHz offset carrier is -81.17dBc/Hz, at 25KHz offset is -90.67dBc/Hz,at 100KHz offset is -103dBc/Hz. The output power is larger than 0 dBm. The VCO part of the broad band 2-4 GHz synthesizer is break into a 2-3 GHzBJT VCO and a 3-4 GHz FET VCO. The motion of the two VCO are switched by a designed DC switching circuit, and they use the same Phase- Locked Loop. The measured phase noise at 10KHz offset carrier is -73dBc/Hz, at 25KHz offset is -88.83dBc/Hz, at 100KHz offset is -108.17dBc/Hz. Finally, we add a broad band buffer amplifier behind this broad band synthesizer to improve the load pulling effect and boost the output power. The measured output power is raised about 5 dBm. The buffer amplifier size is 12mm x 12mm.
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HUANG, ZHI-HAO, and 黃致豪. "Design of Quad-Band Crossover and Wideband 1-to-4 Power Divider and Human Dielectric Equivalent Model for ISM Band 2.4 GHz Application." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96b78s.

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碩士
國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
106
The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is the four-band crossover of the fourth chapter. Based on the conventional branch-line coupler, we cascade two conventional branch-line couplers to achieve the performance of a crossover. After that, part of the quarter-wave is converted into the π model and the shunt reactor which is a part of the π model will be used to create the performance of quad-band. Also, we can determine each of bandwidth position by using the fomulas in this article. Electromagnetic Simulation is consistent with measurement The second part is wideband 1-to-4 power divider.This power divider starts from conventional wilkinson power divider.Then we change isolation circuit.We add a short stub between isolation Resistor to achieve wideband performance.We use two substrate to realize. The center frequency is 1 GHz, have 40 % bandwidth.Return loss are better than 15 dB and isolation are better than 22 dB. The third part is the human body dielectric equivalent model of the sixth chapter. It is designed for the ISM band 2.4 GHz. A patch antenna whose center frequency is at 2.4 GHz will be used to simulate the equivalent model of the human body the loss in human body
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Veale, Gerhardus Ignatius Potgieter. "Low phase noise 2 GHz Fractional-N CMOS synthesizer IC." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27921.

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Low noise low division 2 GHz RF synthesizer integrated circuits (ICs) are conventionally implemented in some form of HBT process such as SiGe or GaAs. The research in this dissertation differs from convention, with the aim of implementing a synthesizer IC in a more convenient, low-cost Si-based CMOS process. A collection of techniques to push towards the noise and frequency limits of CMOS processes, and possibly other IC processes, is then one of the research outcomes. In a synthesizer low N-divider ratios are important, as high division ratios would amplify in-band phase noise. The design methods deployed as part of this research achieve low division ratios (4 ≤ N ≤ 33) and a high phase comparison frequency (>100 MHz). The synthesizer IC employs a first-order fractional-N topology to achieve increased frequency tuning resolution. The primary N-divider was implemented utilising current mode logic (CML) and the fractional accumulator utilising conventional CMOS. Both a conventional CMOS phase frequency detector (PFD) and a CML PFD were implemented for benchmarking purposes. A custom-built 4.4 GHz synthesizer circuit employing the IC was used to validate the research. In the 4.4 GHz synthesizer circuit, the prototype IC achieved a measured in-band phase noise plateau of L( f ) = -113 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz frequency offset, which equates to a figure of merit (FOM) of -225 dBc/Hz. The FOM compares well with existing, but expensive, SiGe and GaAs HBT processes. Total IC power dissipation was 710 mW, which is considerably less than commercially available GaAs designs. The complete synthesizer IC was implemented in Austriamicrosystems‟ (AMS) 0.35 μm CMOS process and occupies an area of 3.15 x 2.18 mm2.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
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Book chapters on the topic "ISM band 2.4 GHz"

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Tiwari, Anushka, and Sushrut Das. "1 × 2 Harmonic Suppression Microstrip Antenna Array for ISM Band Applications at 2.45 GHz." In Advances in Computer, Communication and Control, 339–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3122-0_32.

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Aparna, Barbadekar, and Patıl Pradeep. "Modeling and Simulation of 1 × 4 Linear Phased Array Antenna Operating at 2.45 GHz in ISM Band Applications." In Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, 367–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1866-6_27.

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Benyetho, Taoufik, Larbi El Abdellaoui, Abdelali Tajmouati, Abdelwahed Tribak, and Mohamed Latrach. "Design of New Microstrip Multiband Fractal Antennas." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 1–33. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0773-4.ch001.

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This chapter presents two new microstrip multiband antennas based on fractal geometry. The purpose is to study the behaviour of structures when applying a fractal aspect. The first antenna is designed and optimized by using Sierpinski triangle technique, it's validated in tne ISM “Industrial Scientific and Medical” band at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz bands which was designed to be suitable for wireless power transmission use, while the second proposed antenna structure is based on the hexagonal geometry, it's validated and tested for DCS (Digital Cellular System) at 1.8 GHz, for 2.45 GHz and for 5.8 GHz, as an example of application wireless mobile system is an application field.
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Sennouni, Mohamed Adel, Benaissa Abboud, Abdelwahed Tribak, Hamid Bennis, and Mohamed Latrach. "Advance and Innovation in Wireless Power Transmission Technology for Autonomous Systems." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 316–61. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0773-4.ch010.

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This chapter focuses on the concept of transmitting power without using wires that is also known as Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). This chapter attempts to present the most important and relevant works in this field of research in order to develop a topical ‘overview', present the current results, and also share some contributions and ‘vision' for the future. The technological developments in Wireless Power Transmission is also presented and discussed. The advantages, disadvantages, biological impacts and the most potential applications of WPT are also presented. This chapter presents also new and efficient designs of a rectifying antenna (rectenna) involved to be used at low and high input power levels constraints at microwave frequencies of ISM band in particular at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The rectennas have been developed were based on microstrip technology incorporating a new class of phased antenna arrays with circular polarization associated with a new RF-to-DC rectifiers.
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Karmakar, Anirban. "Design and Analysis of an UWB Printed Monopole Antenna with Hilbert Curve Fractal Shaped Slots for Multiple Band Rejection Functionality." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 85–114. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0773-4.ch003.

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In this chapter, a compact dual band notched Ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with fractal shaped Hilbert curve slots (HCS) is presented. The antenna covers the frequency band from 2.5 GHz to 12 GHz for VSWR=2 and also shows stable radiation patterns throughout the operating frequency band. By introducing Hilbert Curve fractal Slots (HCS) in the antenna, band notch characteristics have been achieved. The HCS renders the capability to reject 5.15-5.825 GHz band assigned for IEEE 802.11a and HYPERLAN/2 and also 7.9-8.4 GHz band assigned for X-Band uplink satellite communication systems where the gain is suppressed very well in the desired WLAN and X-Band. The antenna gain varies from 3dBi to 5dBi over the operating band. Novelty of this design lies in achieving miniature notch structure which has higher degree of freedom for adjusting notch parameters and unsusceptible to coupling with other notches. The antenna can be used for various mobile communication services such as DCS, IMT-2000, UMTS, DMB and UWB.
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Karmakar, Nemai Chandra. "Smart Antennas for Automatic Radio Frequency Identification Readers." In Handbook on Advancements in Smart Antenna Technologies for Wireless Networks, 449–73. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-988-5.ch021.

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Various smart antennas developed for automatic radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are presented. The main smart antennas types of RFID readers are switched beam, phased array, adaptive beamfsorming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. New development in the millimeter wave frequency band?60 GHz and above? exploits micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices and nano-components. Realizing the important of RFID applications in the 900 MHz frequency band, a 3×2-element planar phased array antenna has been designed in a compact package at Monash University. The antenna covers 860-960 GHz frequency band with more than 10 dB input return loss, 12 dBi broadside gain and up to 40° elevation beam scanning with a 4-bit reflection type phase shifter array. Once implemented in the mass market, RFID smart antennas will contribute tremendously in the areas of RFID tag reading rates, collision mitigation, location finding of items and capacity improvement of the RFID system.
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Karmakar, Nemai Chandra. "Smart Antennas for Automatic Radio Frequency Identification Readers." In Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing, 648–77. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.ch040.

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Various smart antennas developed for automatic radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are presented. The main smart antennas types of RFID readers are switched beam, phased array, adaptive beams forming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. New development in the millimeter wave frequency band?60 GHz and above? exploits micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices and nano-components. Realizing the important of RFID applications in the 900 MHz frequency band, a 3×2-element planar phased array antenna has been designed in a compact package at Monash University. The antenna covers 860-960 GHz frequency band with more than 10 dB input return loss, 12 dBi broadside gain and up to 40° elevation beam scanning with a 4-bit reflection type phase shifter array. Once implemented in the mass market, RFID smart antennas will contribute tremendously in the areas of RFID tag reading rates, collision mitigation, location finding of items and capacity improvement of the RFID system.
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Conference papers on the topic "ISM band 2.4 GHz"

1

Amin, Farooq, Sanjay Raman, and Kwang-Jin Koh. "A high dynamic range 4th-order 4–8 GHz Q-enhanced LC band-pass filter with 2–25% tunable fractional bandwidth." In 2016 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2016.7540329.

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Mohammadi, Laya, and Kwang-Jin Koh. "A notch-feedback based 4th-order 2–4 GHz bandpass filter system for S-band radar receiver protection under the LTE and radar coexistence." In 2017 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2017. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2017.8058958.

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Deif, Sameir, Brent Leier, Michael Snow, and Mojgan Daneshmand. "Microwave Sensor Array for Corrosion Prediction in Steel Tank Bottoms." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78224.

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Throughout North America there are many crude oil storage tank facilities — also called terminals — serving as hubs, transfer points and storage. Safety precautions such as pre-service integrity testing, cathodic protection, primary and secondary containment measures, and grounding techniques have been utilized to assure safety as a top priority. These tanks undergo an in-service API 653 external inspection at least every 5 years, and are taken out of service to undergo an API 653 internal/external inspection at least every 30 years [1], [2], [3]. For these aboveground storage tanks, the bottom plate is the most vulnerable area to corrosion [4] and is also the most challenge area to inspect visually. Both sides (product-side and soil-side) of the tank bottom plate are prone to high rates of corrosion in comparison to other components such as the roof and shell [5]. Corrosion generally starts with coating defects such as air or water ingress to underling layers and exposing the steel to uncontrolled environmental factors. Internal inspection can be performed using ultrasonic measures to calculate the sheet thickness, however, external inspection is impossible without having access to the tank bottom. This paper will introduce a novel inspection method for external monitoring of the surface of the tank bottom plate in real-time. The proposed technique proactively approaches the problem by predicting the corrosion before it occurs. In this technique an array of microwave-based sensors operating at ISM band (2.57 GHz) are introduced for defect prediction. The array is composed of equally-distant and identical microwave spiral ring resonators (SRR) [6] that are electromagnetically coupled to a transmission line. All resonances created by the array elements merge in one band-stop frequency response with very high isolation. Once the sensors’ environment is altered by any defects such as an air breach, liquid ingress [7] or corrosion initiated, a resonance shift will occur indicating coating risks. To prove the concept, an initial prototype for small tanks of 3–5 ft. diameter is investigated. Two-port system data illustrates that in case of a coating defect, the frequency profile accordingly changes and provides a signature. The obtained data is used to predict possible corrosion in timely manner. The proposed sensor array enables external monitoring of tank bottoms surface where visual inspection is impossible while the tank is in-service.
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Jaoujal, Achraf, Noura Aknin, and Ahmed El Moussaoui. "Dual-band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for ISM and 4 GHz bands applications." In 2009 Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mms.2009.5409780.

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Song, Y., D. Le Goff, and K. Mouthaan. "Highly Flexible and Conformal 2×2 Antenna Array on RTV Silicone for the 2.4 GHz ISM band." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf35879.2020.9330010.

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Gohil, Jayesh V., and Deepak Bhatia. "Design of 2×1 circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array for 5.8 GHz ISM band applications." In 2012 Nirma University International Conference on Engineering (NUiCONE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nuicone.2012.6493227.

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Patel, Khushbu, and Sunil Kumar Singh. "$2\times 1$ Circular Patch Antenna Array for Improve Antenna Parameters in 2.4 GHz ISM Frequency Band." In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciptm52218.2021.9388327.

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8

Mohammadi, Laya, and Kwang-Jin Koh. "Low power highly linear band-pass/band-stop filter for 2–4 GHz with less than 1% of fractional bandwidth in 0.13 µm CMOS technology." In 2017 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfic.2017.7969075.

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Zhang, Li, Jun Yao, Dajia Wa, Qing Rao, Hongsheng Zhong, and Jurgen Schmoll. "High Isolation X-Band RF MEMS Shunt Switches on Groove Etched Substrates." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70107.

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Developments in RF MEMS switches have demonstrated great potential at low-loss microwave application. MEMS shunt switches have a few advantages compared to the FET or p-i-n diode counterparts due to their characteristics of low intermodulation distortion or harmonics, low DC power consumption, low insertion losses and high isolation [1][2]. RF MEMS shunt capacitive switches has shown excellent performance from Ka-band to W-band, however, they fail to perform the same in X-band for the low isolation in this frequency range. Various approaches have been introduced to address this shortcoming, such as applying high-impedance transmission line [3], using strontium titanate oxide (SrTiO3) as high relative dielectric constant material [2], etc. Aimed at X-band applications, this paper reports a novel design of a high isolation RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch which is fabricated on a groove etched substrate. Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 2(a) show the schematics of the MEMS capacitive switch. The switch is constructed on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. When the switch is up, the switch presents a small shunt capacitance to ground, presenting an RF open. When the switch is pulled down to the center conductor by electrostatic force, the shunt capacitance increases remarkably, presenting an RF short. In this work, a short high-impedance section of transmission line is designed between the MEMS bridge and the ground plane. This increases the series inductance of the switch so as to lower the resonant frequency. The length of this line is designed to put the series resonant frequency into the frequency range of X-band. Two grooves are etched into the substrate along the center conductor between the transmission line and the ground plane. For the desired characteristic impedance, a wider center conductor width can be obtained by increasing the groove depth accordingly. Thus the CPW with grooves potentially has a lower attenuation due to conductor losses [4]. Moreover, as center conductor gets wider, the down-state shorting-circuit capacitance increases which helps to gain a higher isolation. The mechanical and RF performances of this switch have been analyzed by FEA software, IntelliSuite and HFSS. As shown in Fig. 1(b), the actuation voltage of the planar switches is 26V. The RF characteristics of the switch at down state are obtained through HFSS. In Fig. 1(c), the down state isolation reaches −54.6dB at its self-resonate frequency of 13.5GHz. Compared with the non-grooves counterpart, the designed grooves optimize the isolation performance by 7dB. The insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB from 5 to 30 GHz. Fig. 2(a) shows the serpentine folded suspension switch, its actuation voltage is 14V, shown as in Fig. 2(b). The RF response in Fig. 2(c) demonstrates that the series resonant frequency is down to 11GHz due to the inductance introduced by serpentine folded suspensions. The down state isolation is −42.8dB at 11GHz. However, it is demonstrated that the substrate grooves did not help to optimize isolation performance. This is due to the higher resistance and inductance introduced by serpentine folded suspension. This research is supported by “Hundreds Scholar Program”, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Das, Hangsa Raj, Rajesh Dey, and Sumanta Bhattacharya. "DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR SHAPED SLOTTED MICRO STRIP ANTENNA FOR TRIPLE FREQUENCY OPERATION FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION." In Topics in Intelligent Computing and Industry Design. Volkson Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/etit.02.2020.169.172.

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This Paper represents the designing of the Tri- Band Rectangular Printed micro strip Antenna. One amongst the simplest feeding technique is employed i.e. coaxial feeding technique for feeding the antenna Tri band antenna is obtained by etching two quarter wavelength rectangular shaped slots inside the patch at the proper position to resonate over GSM, Bluetooth and Wi- MAX. The proposed antenna is realized on FR-4 dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02, with dimensions of 46x38x1.6mm3. The design calculations are done for the frequency of 2.4 GHz. The designed antenna is simulated using EM simulation software CAD FEKO suite (7.0). The antenna covers the three bands of operation i.e. GSM (1.834-1.858GHz), Bluetooth (2.422- 2.487GHz), Wi-Max (3.519-3.583GHz) with reflection coefficient ≤-10dB. The overall simulation results shows that the antenna gives good impedance matching at desired frequencies with VSWR≤2.Also the radiation pattern, efficiency,gain and impedance for all four frequencies are investigated using simulation results.
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