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1
Institution, British Standards. Guidelines for auditing management systems: ISO 19011:2011. London: British Standards Institution, 2011.
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2
Jonquières, Michel. Réussir les audits qualité et environnement: La norme NF EN ISO 19011. [Paris]: AFNOR, 2003.
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3
Kall, Ralf. Kotkasilm ja Studebaker: Minu isa jutte ja mälestusi 1901-1944. Tallinn: SE&JS, 2001.
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Blokdyk, Gerardus. ISO 19011 a Complete Guide - 2020 Edition. Emereo Pty Limited, 2020.
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Nemeth Laszlo eletrajzi kronologia, 1901-1948: "Az iro-vallalkozas". Argumentum Kiado, 1997.
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Harding, Nancy. Jacques-Marie-Èmile Lacan (1901–1981). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0022.
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Jacques Lacan is a French psychoanalyst and philosopher who was both admired and loathed and regarded by some as a guru and by others as a charlatan. His work helps illuminate how the unconscious and the concept of organization are intertwined. By subjecting Sigmund Freud’s theories to an inspirational rereading, Lacan contributed in a major way to post-structuralist theory. Lacanian theory has emerged as a basis for interpreting various aspects of organizational life, from entrepreneurship and identity to power and resistance, embodied subjectivity, organizational burnout, and organizational dynamics. This chapter first provides a brief overview of Lacan’s life before discussing some of the major aspects of his work and their relevance to organization studies. It also examines Lacanian organization theory and how it is influenced by his notions of lack/desire/jouissance, focusing on the three registers of the Symbolic, Imaginary, and the Real.
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Gann, Kyle. The First Piano Sonata. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040856.003.0013.
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Ives’s First Piano Sonata (1901-1917, written concurrently with the Concord) is analyzed here to show differences between its formal design and the Concord’s. Particularly evident is its greater reliance on ragtime and quoted hymn tunes, including its jazzy rendition of “Bringing in the Sheaves.”
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Kipling, Rudyard. Kim. Edited by Alan Sandison. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536467.001.0001.
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Kim (1901) is one of Kipling's masterpieces. Through the story of the young orphan Kimball O’Hara, and his vocation in the Secret Service, Kipling presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road.
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Yang, Anand A., Prasenjit Duara, and Tansen Sen, eds. Thirteen Months in China. Translated by Kamal Sheel and Ranjana Sheel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476466.001.0001.
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The China Relief Expedition, an eight-nation military effort, was organized to rescue foreign nationals in the country during the Boxer Uprising (1899–1901). In Thirteen Months in China, Thakur Gadadhar Singh, a British Indian soldier of the 7th Rajput Regiment, recounts his experiences as he set sail along with his men for Beijing in the summer of 1900. Written shortly after his return to India in 1901, he details several aspects of China and its people he met over the course of thirteen months. Part travelogue, part history, Singh’s eyewitness account offers a first-hand view of the tumultuous events of the Boxer Uprising and its aftermath, as also of Chinese society, culture, politics, religion, and art and architecture, often in a comparative perspective. It is a rare historical source of an Indian subaltern’s outlook on the history of China, and its customs and practices.
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Gimbel, Allen. Broken Facture. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.43.
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Allan Pettersson (1911–1980) was a Swedish composer of distinction who had extensive experience of trauma and disability in his life (physical abuse, rheumatoid arthritis, manic depression, nephritis). His compositions are deeply engaged with the exploration of disability as an expressivetopos, and in his symphonies (the focus of this essay) representations of disability play a central role. The secondary literature on Pettersson is largely skeptical of analytical consideration of “extramusical” features, especially those that bear on Pettersson’s experiences of disability. This essay argues, on the contrary, that these experiences and their musical expressions are central to any satisfactory understanding of this music.
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Hermansson, Jörgen. The Election System. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.6.
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The key word for understanding the essence of the election system in Sweden is proportionality. The proportional representation system was introduced in 1911 by a Conservative government before the introduction of universal and equal suffrage. The goal was to avoid a catastrophe for the political right as a consequence of a coming change to democracy. The party interests have continued to shape the politics in this area, and the principle of proportionality has increasingly become the norm for all political parties. They have been engaged in an ever-present and ongoing fine-tuning of the system with improved proportionality as the primary purpose.
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Green, Steven J., ed. Text and Translation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789017.003.0002.
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This section contains a Latin text of the poem based on the editions of Baehrens and Vollmer (1911) and Enk (1918): no independent assessment of the manuscripts has taken place. It also contains a new English prose translation of the poem—the first published English translation since that of Duff and Duff in the 1934 Loeb edition, Minor Latin Poets—which seeks in particular to represent more faithfully the poem’s extensive use of anthropomorphic expression. The translation is accompanied by notes that provide brief comment on thematic and interpretive issues, and offer reflections on Grattius’ skill as a poet, a particularly underrated topic.
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Puthia, Manoj K., and Kevin S. Tan. Blastocystosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0057.
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Blastocystis , the causative agent of blastocystosis, is an intestinal protozoan commonly identified in stool specimens of patients. It is one of the most common parasites inhabiting the human intestinal tract. Clinical symptoms attributed to Blastocystis include recurrent watery diarrhoea, mucous diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and flatulence. Blastocystis infects both children and adults and its geographical distribution appears to be global with prevalence ranging from 30 to 50% in developing countries (Stenzel and Boreham 1996).Blastocystis was first described as a distinct organism in 1911 and the name B. enterocola was proposed for this organism (Alexeieff 1911). It was isolated from human faeces and the name B. hominis was coined (Brumpt 1912). At first, it was described as a harmless intestinal yeast and ignored for many decades. Its association with human disease was suggested by a number of reports and eventually work by Zierdt (1991) increased the awareness of Blastocystis infections in humans.In spite of its description about a century ago, the exact role of Blastocystis as a cause of human disease is uncertain. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies implicate the parasite as a potential pathogen (Al-Tawil et al. 1994; El-Shazly et al. 2005; Garavelli et al. 1991; Logar et al. 1994) while others exonerate it as an etiology of intestinal disease (Chen et al. 2003; Leder et al. 2005; Shlim et al. 1995). Significant progress has been achieved on descriptions of the morphology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis but most aspects of its life cycle, molecular biology, and athogenicity remain unresolved (Stenzel and Boreham 1996; Tan 2004).
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Crystal, David. Punch as a satirical usage guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808206.003.0006.
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Punch magazine is a primary source for popular attitudes to language in the nineteenth century. This chapter presents the findings of a comprehensive search of the issues published in the Victorian era, between 1841 and 1901, to determine which linguistic topics provided the motivation for articles and cartoons. Particular attention is devoted to grammar (especially the ongoing influence of Lindley Murray) and pronunciation (especially the use and abuse of ‘letter H’), but a number of other themes also emerged, notably in relation to vocabulary, slang, orthography, and style. Languages other than English (especially French) also receive satirical attention. A chronologically organized appendix lists all the items found.
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Seligmann, Matthew S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759973.003.0001.
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There is an old story about Winston Churchill and the Royal Navy that runs thus: during his time as First Lord of the Admiralty from 1911 to 1915, Churchill made a proposal for reform that was strenuously opposed by the naval officers on the Board of Admiralty, whose role it was to advise politicians on the administration of the service. The reason given for their objection was that Churchill’s measure was not in accord with what they referred to as ‘naval tradition’. Upon encountering such opposition, Churchill immediately and thunderously retorted, ‘Naval tradition? Naval tradition? Monstrous. Nothing but rum, sodomy, prayers and the lash.’...
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Shepherd-Barr, Kirsten E. 2. Sex, suffrage, and scandal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199658770.003.0003.
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‘Sex, suffrage, and scandal’ gives a sense of the turbulence and experimentation marking the drama across Europe and America in the early 20th century. There was no single tendency, as this was one of the most vibrant and varied periods of modern drama. The radically different expressionist theatre of Strindberg’s A Dream Play (1901) is discussed alongside the ‘intimate theatre’ or ‘art theatre’ movement and the Stanislavski acting revolution. The emphasis of repertory and ensemble acting; the Irish dramatic movement; the return of verse drama through Yeats, Synge, and Galsworthy; the one-act play; the impact of World War I; and theatre censorship are also considered.
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Close, Frank. 1. The fly in the cathedral. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198718635.003.0001.
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‘The fly in the cathedral’ charts the discovery of the nuclear atom and the start of modern atomic and nuclear physics. It began in 1895 with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen and radioactivity by Henri Becquerel. In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron and realised they were common to all atoms, which implied that atoms have an internal structure. Negatively-charged electrons are bound to positively-charged entities within the atom, but what carries this positive charge and how is it distributed? It was Ernest Rutherford, in 1911, who announced his solution: all of an atom’s positive charge and most of its mass are contained in a compact nucleus at the centre.
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Mckanan, Dan. George Lippard, Ignatius Donnelly, and the Esoteric Theology of American Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039997.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the works of two labor novelists, George Lippard (1822–54) and Ignatius Donnelly (1831–1901), focusing specifically on their use of esoteric Christianity as a source of worker empowerment. Esotericism here is defined as that strand of belief and practice that finds hidden significance beneath the surface of religious traditions. Esotericists view all nature as alive and posit elaborate correspondences between heaven and earth, or the self and God. Most esotericists see themselves as bearers of an ancient tradition that has been transmitted through initiations by secret brotherhoods. For some Western esotericists, this secret tradition is outside of and antithetical to Christianity. For others—including Lippard and Donnelly—it is the vital heart of Christianity itself, albeit a heart that has often been suppressed by ecclesiastical institutions.
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Fishbane, Eitan P. Shabbat and Sacred Time in Later H ̣ asidic Mysticism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0009.
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This chapter demonstrates that the Sabbath was conceived to be the paradigmatic state of sacred time; it was understood to be a fundamental pillar of the religious life. It focuses on three prominent representations of hasidic thought—R. Ẓadoq ha-Kohen of Lublin (1823–1900), R. Yehudah Aryeh Leib of Ger (1847–1905), and R. Shalom Noaḥ Barzofsky (1911–2000). Through the Sefat ʾEmet, it shows a conception of Shabbat as a temporal dimension that inherently facilitates human access to the sacred; a realm in time that is timeless, that transcends all earthly time and space. Finally, in S. N. Barzofsky’s Netivot Shalom, Shabbat is presented as the means by which the Jew is liberated from the harsh realities of physical life; the holy day is the conduit for the climactic state of devequt between human being and Divinity.
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Smith, Matthew Wilson. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0008.
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The Conclusion begins with a consideration of parallels between two works written around 1900: Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams (1955) and Strindberg’s A Dream Play (1901). These works, which were reactions to failure to unify natural science and psychology, correspond with the return to interpretation at the end of a nervous century. This neurologically informed turn to hermeneutics at century’s end ultimately sets the stage for Artaud’s Theater of Cruelty, a new and more virulent theater of sensation. Artaud’s insistence that all thought and feeling must be communicable and yet that words are fundamentally inadequate to this task leads inexorably to the conclusion that language must be concretized—must become pure corporeal sensation—and that this force of sensation must be as all-inclusive as thought itself is to the thinker..
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McCarthy, Marie. Creating a Framework for Music Making and Leisure. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.13.
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This chapter revisits the writings of music sociologist and educator Max Kaplan (1911–1998) to inform efforts to bring together the domains of leisure and music making in the twenty-first century. The chapter begins with a brief description of Max Kaplan’s life that explains his orientation to the social functions of music, sociology, and leisure studies, and that situates his contributions in the context of his time—the mid and late twentieth century. Following the introduction, the chapter is organized around themes from Kaplan’s published works and projects: patterns of development in leisure and recreation, 1900–1960; changing conceptions of leisure and recreation in the mid-twentieth century; a theory of recreational music; community as fertile ground for observing leisure in action; music making in the context of leisure; and moving forward with Kaplan’s vision.
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Sorensen, Roy. Spectacular Absences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.003.0006.
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Whereas the positive tourist travels to see what is there, the negative tourist travels to see what is not there. Travel he must, because the absences are only visible at specific sites. Tourist agencies promote the visibility of these spectacles with pointers, telescopes, and helicopter rides. Other parties try to render the absences invisible. For instance, after the theft of the Mona Lisa in 1911, crowds thronged to the Louvre to view its absence. Curators eventually filled the gap by shuffling the order of the ambient paintings. Efforts to erase the absence sometimes yield new ways to perceive the absence. Once the suppresser detects the backfire, he attempts another erasure. Since this may itself backfire (thanks to the machinations of the friends of the absence) an arms race develops. This tug of war helps us to articulate the conditions under which absences are visible—and invisible.
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Teemu, Ruskola. Part I Histories, Ch.7 China in the Age of the World Picture. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0008.
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This chapter places China at the centre of international legal theory. More broadly, it explores how the multiethnic Qing Empire (1644–1911) became ‘China’, a sovereign nation-state in a world of other, formally equal nation-states. In framing the question, international law is approached as a foundational aspect of the political ontology of the modern world—one that depends on and sustains a particular metaphysical conception of the world, with associated notions of political time and space. In this light, the law of nations is analyzed at its origin as the constitution of Europe: a set of constitutive norms that governed the relationship among the so-called ‘Family of Nations’, sometimes characterized as the ius publicum Europaeum, or the public law of Europe. As this historically specific legal order has become globalized by means of colonialism, it has become effectively the constitution of the world.
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Bubeníček, Petr. Politics and Adaptation. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.32.
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Chapter 32 deals with the ways the image of Jan Hus (c. 1370–1415), the Czech priest and theorist of ecclesiastical Reformation, changes in new political, social, and cultural contexts. It aims to show how the communist regime appropriated Jan Hus through Otakar Vávra’s eponymous adaptation, filmed in 1953, in which Hus is portrayed as a revolutionary. After introducing Jan Hus in his historical and theological role, it focuses on the different ways he and the Hussite movement were perceived from the eighteenth century onward. A pivotal figure in this process is the writer Alois Jirásek, whose novels and plays sought, in historical traditions, answers to the questions of Czech culture and identity. The communist appropriation of Jirásek’s work, including his drama Jan Hus (1911), claimed that Czech medieval society was headed in the direction of revolution, even if that society had no term for such a thing.
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Mugmon, Matthew. Abridging Mahler’s Symphonies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0016.
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A hundred years after Gustav Mahler’s death, it is widely considered blasphemous to cut any notes from the composer’s symphonies. In recordings and live performances, the symphonies generally remain intact. In discographies, the few recordings listed in which material has been cut—including well-known ones by Hermann Scherchen in the 1960s—are viewed as curiosities that reflect the values of certain idiosyncratic conductors at specific moments in time. But the documentary evidence surrounding American performances of Mahler’s works in the fifty years after his death in 1911—a time before his music became widely accepted—tells a different story. Performing scores, newspaper reports, and materials in orchestra archives demonstrate that cutting Mahler was a tradition with deep roots, and that several noted conductors regularly made significant deletions in Mahler’s music. Special attention is given here to Wilhelm Gericke’s performances of the Fifth Symphony and Serge Koussevitzky’s premiere of the Ninth.
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Hanssen, Eirik Frisvold. Silent Ghosts on the Screen. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.9.
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During the 1910s and early 1920s, some thirty known film adaptations of works by Henrik Ibsen were produced in a number of countries. Chapter 9 examines the four American silent film Ibsen adaptations still known to exist: The Pillars of Society (1911), Peer Gynt (1915), Ghosts (1915), and Pillars of Society (1916). Drawing on extant film material, contemporary film reviews, and trade press articles, it approaches these films, through their various adaptation strategies and their trade press reception, in terms of broader discourses about what is often characterized as the transitional period in US film history, focusing in particular on discussions throughout the 1910s concerning medium specificity and media borders. The essay emphasizes stylistic and narrative strategies in the four films, in particular those connected to space, narrative, and performance, as well as ethical and moral considerations associated with the Ibsen film, including their contemporaneous reception.
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McDonald, Peter D. Coetzee’s Critique of Language. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805281.003.0010.
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The critique of language at stake in this chapter is Fritz Mauthner’s little-known Beiträge zu einer Kritik der Sprache (1901–2), a text remembered in philosophical circles chiefly because of a brief, categorically negative aside in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922). In comparing Mauthner with Coetzee’s own critique of language, McDonald’s wider interest lies in reflecting upon the way in which scholarship often treats literary texts as the vehicles for ideas that can be unproblematically ‘compared’ with philosophical texts. What is involved, McDonald asks, in crediting the fact that literary texts are not ‘quasi-philosophical essays in disguise’? His answer draws on further questions of literary history and the practice of close reading, and examines the faultlines between philosophical questions and literary experience. In particular, through a reading of Disgrace he suggests that the formal workings of literary texts have the potential to unsettle the very salience of the philosophical questions being posed.
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Ricketts, Harry. The Persistence of Kim. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609932.003.0020.
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This chapter discusses Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim, which was published in 1901. The novel tells the story of an Indian-raised Lahore street urchin who becomes both the disciple of a Tibetan Buddhist Lama and a crack British spy. One reason for Kim 's likeability, as Abdul R. JanMohamed puts it, is that ‘the narrator seems to find as much pleasure in describing the varied and tumultuous life of India as Kim finds in experiencing it’. Even the unwilling and the unlikely have—with some notable exceptions—been won over by Kim. However, in 1941, the Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges and the American critic Edmund Wilson both expressed strong divided feelings about Kim and particularly about its patriotic imperialism. Wilson's evident desire for a different outcome to the novel and his disgust at its endorsement of Kim's imagined future as a spy have both found echoes in the responses of Indian writers.
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Jürg, Frick. 33 Switzerland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808589.003.0033.
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This chapter provides an overview of the law of set-off in Switzerland. Under Swiss law, set-off functions as a mechanism of substantive law that extinguishes two obligations to the extent of the smaller obligation. The basic legal framework for set-off is a unilateral act pursuant to Article 120 et seq of the Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911, as amended (CO). The chapter first considers the CO requirements for set-off between solvent parties as well as its mechanism and effects before discussing the legal framework applicable to set-off against insolvent parties. In particular, it examines the implications for mutuality of the distinction under Swedish law between the assets and liabilities of the estate and of the receivership. It also outlines the restrictions on set-off in the event of insolvency before concluding with an analysis of set-off issues in the cross-border context arising from conflict of laws, international jurisdiction, and insolvency proceedings.
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Duckett, Victoria. Camille. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039669.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how Camille adapted and changed the speed, structure, and meaning of Sarah Bernhardt's live play. La Dame aux Camélias was a film made by the French Film d'Art in late 1911 and released to French, American, and English audiences in early 1912. In America, Canada, and Mexico, it was released as Camille and sold with Madame Réjane's Mme. Sans-Gêne on a states' rights basis as part of a double bill. With Bernhardt at the helm of Camille, cinematized theater became an art nouveau product par excellence. This chapter argues that Bernhardt's use of the spiral in physical action and her taste for oriental colors and objects is evidence of the broader impact that japonisme was having on the fine arts in France. It also contends that the different classes, generations, and national audiences that celebrate Camille are proof of Bernhardt's international fame just as they are evidence of her capacity to realize and express contemporary tastes and fashion.
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Beck, Ann Flesor. Sweet Greeks. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043406.001.0001.
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This narrative is about Greek immigrants to America from 1880 to 1930. Unlike previous studies focusing on immigrant communities in major cities, this is a rural study, examining the Greeks who settled in central Illinois’s small towns and opened confectioneries and soda fountains. The author’s grandfather Gus Flesor was one of these, coming to Tuscola, Illinois, in 1901 and taking over the candy shop there. Gus’s shop is still in business today, run by the author and her sister. Gus’s experience serves as a case study that informs the stories of more than 100 other Greek confectioners who settled in over forty towns in central Illinois. The author describes why the Greeks came to America and recounts the obstacles they faced after arrival and their attempts to acculturate and assimilate and become confectioners. A significant amount of the narrative recounts the ethnic and racial hostility the Greeks faced, especially from the Ku Klux Klan. But the bulk of the text is about the Greek immigrant confectioners themselves who fulfilled the American dream by settling in a new land, raising families, operating profitable businesses, and contributing to their communities. As the author’s father once observed, “It’s a good story.”
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Seligmann, Matthew S. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759973.003.0007.
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As this book has shown the common conception that ‘Churchill’s “radical phase” was cast to the winds’ when he was put in charge of the Navy in October 1911, although well established in the literature, is not, in fact, accurate.1 The radical President of the Board of Trade, eager to improve the lives of the poor, became the radical Home Secretary, no less enthusiastic for social reform, who then became the radical First Lord of the Admiralty, imbued with both a desire and, perhaps more importantly, a will to intervene in order to better conditions for those who served in the Royal Navy. Accordingly, he embarked upon a major programme of improvement across a wide range of different areas all of which affected the everyday life of sailors. Alcohol intake, sexual behaviour, religious practice, corporal punishment, as well as pay and equality of progression, all came under the spotlight while Churchill was First Lord. Of course, not all of the new measures were successful and not all were progressive in the modern understanding of the term, but all of them represented significant attempts to push forward a radical agenda for change....
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Morgan Wortham, Simon. Lupus (Adler and Freud). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429603.003.0010.
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This chapter examines phobia as a question of psychoanalysis itself, a means to assess its complex and problematic conditions of possibility. In 1929, Alfred Adler produced a case study of ‘Miss R.’ in which he analysed her lupus phobia. Lupus is an auto-immune disease that reached its heights during the nineteenth century. Found at the crossroads between the sprawl of the city and the birth of the clinic, lupus’s historic arc reflects the early history of psychoanalysis. Adler associates Miss R.’s phobias with a desire to avoid her own inferiorization within the family and a fear about life on the outside. The case study offers a clue to the relationship between analyst and analysand: Adler interprets the young girl’s behaviour in terms of an egotistic desire to hold centre-stage; yet the case history is constructed out of extemporized remarks made before a captive audience, presumably to show off Adler’s analytic brilliance (in contrast to Freud’s, whom he takes every opportunity to disparage). We wonder whether Adler might be talking about himself as much as Miss R., and the case study begins to offer some insights not only into the split with Freud in 1911 but indeed the resistances of psychoanalysis itself.
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Vanaik, Anish. Possessing the City. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848752.001.0001.
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This book is a social history of the property market in late-colonial Delhi; a period of much turbulence and transformation. It argues that historians of South Asian cities must connect transformations in urban space and Delhi’s economy. Utilizing a novel archive, it outlines the place of private property development in Delhi’s economy from 1911 to 1947. Rather than large-scale state initiatives, like the Delhi Improvement Trust, it was profit-oriented, decentralized, and market-based initiatives of urban construction that created the Delhi cityscape. A second thematic concern of Possessing the City is to carefully specify the emerging relationship between the state and urban space during this period. Rather than a narrow focus on urban planning ideas, it argues that the relationship be thought of in triangular fashion: the intermediation of the property market was crucial to emerging statecraft and urban form during this period. Finally, the book examines struggles and conflicts over the commodification of land. Rents and prices of urban property were directly at issue in the tussles over housing that are examined here. The question of commodification can, however, also be discerned in struggles that were not ostensibly about economic issues: clashes over religious sites in the city. Through careful attention to the historical interrelationships between state, space, and the economy, this book offers a novel intervention in the history of late-colonial Delhi.
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El Kenz, Hanane, and Philippe Van der Linden. The physiology of blood in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0011.
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Following the discovery of the ABO blood groups by Landsteiner in 1901, Albert Hustin described the first transfusion of a whole blood unit in 1914. The modern transfusion era really begins in 1916 with the discovery of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant by the same physician, allowing blood conservation in dedicated packs. Since that time, many advances have been made especially over the past two decades in the storage, the conservation, and the laboratory testing of blood components and in transfusion medicine practice. Transfusion of whole blood has been replaced by blood component therapy, which consists of the administration of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, or platelets. Although blood transfusion is safer than ever, the risk of complications will never reach zero. The risk of infectious transfusion-transmitted diseases has been markedly reduced by the implementation of extensive infectious disease testing, donor selection, and pathogen-inactivation procedures. In countries with a high human development index, the leading causes of allogeneic blood transfusion-related deaths actually resulted from immunological and septic complications. The first section of this chapter describes the structure, function, and immunological aspects of the different blood components that are routinely transfused today. The second section details the composition of the different blood components, their indications, the pre-transfusion compatibility tests, and the main adverse effects associated with their transfusion.
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Erish, Andrew A. Vitagraph. University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813181196.001.0001.
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For more than a century, the origin story of the American film industry has been that the founders of Paramount and Fox invented the feature film, that Universal created the star system, and that these three companies (along with the heads of MGM and Warner Bros.) were responsible for developing the multi-billion-dollar business we now know as Hollywood. Unfortunately for history, this is simply not true. Andrew A. Erish's definitive history of this important but oft-forgotten studio compels a reassessment of the birth and development of motion pictures in America. Founded in 1897, the Vitagraph Company of America (later known as Vitagraph Studios) was ground zero for American cinema. By 1907, it was one of the largest film studios in America, with notable productions including the first film adaptation of Les Misérables (1909); The Military Air-Scout (1911), considered to be one of the first aviation films; and the World War I propaganda film The Battle Cry of Peace (1915). In 1925, Warner Bros. purchased Vitagraph and all of its subsidiaries and began to rewrite the history of American cinema. Drawing on valuable primary material overlooked by other historians, Erish challenges the creation myths marketed by Hollywood's conquering moguls, introduces readers to many unsung pioneers, and offers a much-needed correction to the history of commercial cinema.
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Burford, Mark. Mahalia Jackson and the Black Gospel Field. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634902.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on and piecing together a trove of previously unexamined sources, this book is the first critical study of the renowned African American gospel singer Mahalia Jackson (1911–1972). Beginning with the history of Jackson’s family on a remote cotton plantation in the Central Louisiana parish of Pointe Coupée, the book follows their relocation to New Orleans, where Jackson was born, and Jackson’s own migration to Chicago during the Great Depression. The principal focus is her career in the decade following World War II, during which Jackson, building upon the groundwork of seminal Chicago gospel pioneers and the influential National Baptist Convention, earned a reputation as a dynamic church singer. Eventually, Jackson achieved unprecedented mass-mediated celebrity, breaking through in the late 1940s as an internationally recognized recording artist for Apollo and Columbia Records who also starred in her own radio and television programs. But the book is also a study of the black gospel field of which Jackson was a part. Over the course of the 1940s and 1950s, black gospel singing, both as musical worship and as pop-cultural spectacle, grew exponentially, with expanded visibility, commercial clout, and forms of prestige. Methodologically informed by a Bourdiean field analysis approach that develops a more granular, dynamic, and encompassing picture of post-war black gospel, the book persistently considers Jackson, however exceptional she may have been, in relation to her fellow gospel artists, raising fresh questions about Jackson, gospel music, and the reception of black vernacular culture.
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Leventhal, Fred, and Peter Stansky. Leonard Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814146.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is a wide-ranging biography of Leonard Woolf (1880–1969), an important yet somewhat neglected figure in British life. He is in the unusual position of being overshadowed by his wife, Virginia Woolf, and his role in helping her is part of this study. He was born in London to a father who was a successful barrister but whose early death left the family in economic difficulty. Though he abandoned his Judaism when young, being Jewish was deeply significant in shaping Leonard’s ideas, as well as the Hellenism imbibed as a student at both St Paul’s and Trinity College, Cambridge. Despite his secularism, there were surprisingly spiritual dimensions to his life. At Cambridge he was a member of the secret discussion group, the Apostles, as were his friends Lytton Stracheyand John Maynard Keynes, thus becoming part of the later Bloomsbury Group. He spent seven years as a successful civil servant in Ceylon, which later enabled him to write brilliantly about empire as well as a powerful novel, The Village in the Jungle. Returning to London in 1911, he married Virginia Woolf the next year. In 1917 they founded the Hogarth Press, a successful and significant publishing house. During his long life he became a major figure, a prolific writer on a range of subjects, most importantly international affairs, especially the creation of the League of Nations, a range of domestic problems, and issues of imperialism, particularly in Africa. He was a seminal figure in twentieth-century British life.
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Seligmann, Matthew S. Rum, Sodomy, Prayers, and the Lash Revisited. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759973.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
There is an old story about Winston Churchill, which relates that, during his time as First Lord of the Admiralty, he made a proposal for reform that was strenuously opposed by the naval officers around him. The reason given was that Churchill’s measure was not in accord with naval tradition. Hearing this objection, Churchill immediately retorted, ‘Naval tradition? Naval tradition? Monstrous. Nothing but rum, sodomy, prayers and the lash.’ The quotation is frequently dismissed as apocryphal or a jest, but, interestingly, all four areas of naval life singled out were subject to major reform initiatives while Churchill was in charge of the Royal Navy between October 1911 and May 1915. During this period, not only were there major improvements in pay and conditions for sailors, but detailed consideration was given to the future of the spirit ration; to the punishing and eradicating of homosexual practices; to the spiritual concerns of the fleet; and also to the regime of corporal punishment that underpinned naval discipline for boy sailors. In short, under Churchill, the Royal Navy introduced a social reform programme perfectly encapsulated in this elegant quip. And, yet, not only has no one studied it; many people do not even know that such a programme even existed. This book rectifies that. It shows that Churchill was not just a major architect of welfare reform as President of the Board of Trade and as Home Secretary, but that he continued to push a radical social agenda while running the Navy.
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Phillips, James. Sternberg and Dietrich. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915247.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
James Phillips’s Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle reappraises the cinematic collaboration between the Austrian-American filmmaker Josef von Sternberg (1894–1969) and the German-American actor Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992). Considered by his contemporaries to be one of the most significant directors of Golden-Age Hollywood, Sternberg made seven films with Dietrich that helped establish her as a style icon and star and entrenched his own reputation for extravagance and aesthetic spectacle. These films enriched the technical repertoire of the industry, challenged the sexual mores of the times, and notoriously tried the patience of management at Paramount Studios. Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle demonstrates how under Sternberg’s direction Paramount’s sound stages became laboratories for novel thought experiments. Analyzing in depth the last four films on which Sternberg and Dietrich worked together, Phillips reconstructs the “cinematic philosophy” that Sternberg claimed for himself in his autobiography and for whose fullest expression Dietrich was indispensable. This book makes a case for the originality and perceptiveness with which these films treat such issues as the nature of trust, the status of appearance, the standing of women, the ethics and politics of the image, and the relationship between cinema and the world. Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle reveals that more is at stake in these films than the showcasing of a new star and the confectionery of glamor: Dietrich emerges here as a woman at ease in the world without being at home in it, as both an image of autonomy and the autonomy of the image.
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Belvadi, Anilkumar. Missionary Calculus. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052423.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Missionary Calculus tells the story for the first time of the making of the Sunday school in Victorian India (1858–1901), focusing on American missionaries, its most active promoters. Unlike other mission histories, this book studies the means missionaries adopted in building this institution rather than on their evangelical ends. Based on extensive archival research, it addresses the question: How did the process of building institutions affect the Christian values to establish which they were built? The book provides a richly detailed account of Indian colonial educational history, discussing the Christian pedagogical encounter with a non-Christian learning environment. It tells of lavish missionary lifestyles in a land frequently stricken by famine, and of missionary solidarity with British colonial authorities, accompanied though by Christian caritative commitment for the plight of the colonized. Missionaries resolved these contradictions by telling their audiences that becoming Christian would lead them to prosperity, while telling themselves that they needed to work out a plan for civilizational correction. Sunday schools began to be seen as at once the instrument of evangelization as of reschooling India. American missionaries brought with them Sunday school curricula and organizational methods from back home, and tried to customize them to Indian conditions. But this meant having to compromise with hiring heathen teachers, allowing heathen students to wear their caste-marks, commissioning a heathen-style hymnody, and paying money to key people to fill the classrooms with heathens. Could such a hybrid institution be Christian? And whom could it serve? Here is an East Indian tale.
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Snider, Jill D. Lucean Arthur Headen. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.001.0001.
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Born in Carthage, North Carolina, Lucean Arthur Headen (1879-1957) grew up amid former slave artisans. Inspired by his grandfather, a wheelwright, and great-uncle, a toolmaker, he dreamed as a child of becoming an inventor. His ambitions suffered the menace of Jim Crow and the reality of a new inventive landscape in which investment was shifting from lone inventors to the new “industrial scientists.” But determined and ambitious, Headen left the South, and after toiling for a decade as a Pullman porter, risked everything to pursue his dream. He eventually earned eleven patents, most for innovative engine designs and anti-icing methods for aircraft. An equally capable entrepreneur and sportsman, Headen learned to fly in 1911, manufactured his own “Pace Setter” and “Headen Special” cars in the early 1920s, and founded the first national black auto racing association in 1924, all establishing him as an important authority on transportation technologies among African Americans. Emigrating to England in 1931, Headen also proved a successful manufacturer, operating engineering firms in Surrey that distributed his motor and other products worldwide for twenty-five years. Though Headen left few personal records, Jill D. Snider recreates the life of this extraordinary man through historical detective work in newspapers, business and trade publications, genealogical databases, and scholarly works. Mapping the social networks his family built within the Presbyterian church and other organizations (networks on which Headen often relied), she also reveals the legacy of Carthage's, and the South's, black artisans. Their story shows us that, despite our worship of personal triumph, success is often a communal as well as an individual achievement.