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Journal articles on the topic 'Iso-butanol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Darwish, N. A., and Z. A. Al-Anber. "Vapor–liquid equilibria of iso-propanol+iso-butanol and iso-propanol+iso-butanol+calcium chloride at 93.6 kPa." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 37, no. 4 (1998): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(98)00040-3.

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2

Ali, Mussa Demewez, Samson Mekbib Atnaw, and Adem Siraj Mohammed. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF METHANOL-ETHANOLGASOLINE BLENDING WITH ISO-BUTANOL ADDITIVE ON THE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE." Platform : A Journal of Engineering 6, no. 3 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pajevol6iss3art20022.

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Nowadays, alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (IC) have gained traction due to environmental concerns and the necessity to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Iso-butanol is an alternative fuel with low emissions that can be used in IC engines. The performance and emissions of a single-cylinder spark-ignition (SI) engine running on pure gasoline and iso-butanol additives (iB) at various engine load and blending ratios of EM10, EM10iB3, EM10iB5, and EM10iB10 were investigated experimentally in existing dual ethanol-methanol-gasoline blended fuel (EM10). The calorific value of the fue

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3

Ahmed M.Abbas and Zainab Abbas Al-Dulaimy. "Some Thermodynmic Properties of binary Mixtures of Alcohol isomers and Sulfolane at 298.15K." journal of the college of basic education 22, no. 96 (2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i96.9012.

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The refractive indices, nD densities , and viscosities h of binary mixtures of sulfolane + n -butanol + sec- butanol + iso- butanol + tert – butanol + n-propanol and iso- propanol were measured at 298.15K. Form experimental data, excess molar volum VE , excess molar refractivity nD, excess molar viscosityhE and excess molar Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow DG*E were calculated. From n-propanol – sulfolane and iso- propanol sulfolane mixtures showed negative nD, n-butanol – sulfolane, sec-butanal – sulfolane, iso-butanol – sulfolane and tert- butanol sulfolane , DnD was positive

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4

Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin, Naz Chaibakhsh, and Mahiran Basri. "Effect of Alcohol Structure on the Optimum Condition for Novozym 435-Catalyzed Synthesis of Adipate Esters." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (December 27, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/162987.

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Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym 435, was used as the biocatalyst in the esterification of adipic acid with four different isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipate esters were obtained using response surface methodology approach with a four-factor-five-level central composite design concerning important reaction parameters which include time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of enzyme. Reactions under optimized conditions has yielded a high percentage of esterification (>96%) for

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5

Al-Hasan, Mohammad Ibrahim, and Muntaser Al-Momany. "THE EFFECT OF ISO‐BUTANOL‐DIESEL BLENDS ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE." TRANSPORT 23, no. 4 (2008): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.306-310.

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The effect of iso‐butanol addition to diesel fuel on engine performance parameters has been experimentally investigated. The used engine was a single cylinder four stroke CI engine Type Lister 1–8. The tests were performed at engine speed that ranges from 375 to 625 with an increment of 42 rpm at different loads and with 10, 20, 30 and 40% v/v iso‐butanol‐diesel fuel blends. The overall engine performance parameters measured included air‐fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas temperature, brake power (Bp ), brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and brake thermal efficiency (η th ). The experimental re

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6

Materego, Myeji, and Derek Bradley. "Experimental Measurements of Ignition Delay Times of Iso-octane/n-Butanol Blend Mixtures in Rapid Compression Machine (RCM)." Tanzania Journal of Science 49, no. 3 (2023): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v49i3.6.

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Among oxygenated alternative fuels, n-butanol is considered as a promising alternative biofuel which can partially (or fully) replace conventional transportation fuels currently in use. However, before n-butanol can be commercially utilised, its fundamental combustion characteristics need to be fully understood. In this work, the effect of adding n-butanol on autoignition property of iso-octane was studied. Measurements of ignition delay times for the two blends of n-butanol proportions of 30% and 50% by mole weight were made in a Rapid Compression Machine for stoichiometric mixtures at 2.0 MP

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7

Senanayake, P. Chandani, Norman Gee, and Gordon R. Freeman. "Viscosity and density of isomeric butanol/water mixtures as functions of composition and temperature." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 10 (1987): 2441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-407.

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Viscosity and density of 27 binary mixtures of sec-, iso-, and tert-butanol with water were measured at 273 ≤ T/K ≤ 353 and the results summarized using polynomials. At fixed T the density depended strongly but monotonically on mole fraction. The excess volume VE was large and negative. In H2O/tert-butanol as T increased VE increased, while in H2O/sec- or iso-butanol VE decreased with increasing T. The excess viscosity was large and positive in all cases.

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8

Mohler dos Santos, Cauê Cainã, and Everton Fernando Zanoelo. "Flammability limits of iso-butanol/iso-octane/n-heptane blends." Fire Safety Journal 88 (March 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.01.001.

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9

Baluja, Shipra. "Evaluation of viscosity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide at 298.15K." Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 5 (2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2021.10.00383.

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The viscosity of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, tertiary butanol has been determined at 298.15K. The experimental values are compared with theoretical values evaluated by different theories. It is observed that for some theories, values are in agreement with the experimental values. Further, an attempt has been made to study the intermolecular interactions in studied solutions in terms of excess free energy of mixing, strength of interaction parameters and interaction energy. The viscos

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10

Li, Peiran, Xue Wang, Yaling Chen, Tianxiang Yin, and Weiguo Shen. "Thermodynamic properties and structure transition in {water + tert-butanol} and {water + tert-butanol + iso-butanol} solutions." Thermochimica Acta 686 (April 2020): 178548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178548.

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11

Liu, Li Ping, Yun Yin, and Jing Cheng Hao. "Barium Carbonate Nanorods Synthesized though Multi-Phase Equilibrium Microemulsions." Journal of Nano Research 34 (July 2015): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.34.99.

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Middle-phase microemulsions (MPMs) of two systems of a cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTABr)/n-butanol/ iso-octane/Na2CO3and TTABr/n-butanol/iso-octane/BaCl2were obtained. The effect of n-butanol concentrations on the phase behavior of the MPMs for the two systems was investigated. MPMs provide a simple and versatile reaction media for preparing inorganic particles with nanometer scale. On the basis of the investigations on the phase behavior of the MPMs, herein the upper-phase microemulsions (water-in-oil, W/O), and bicontinuous microemulsions (B. C.) were used for s

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12

Hussein, Hussein Qasim, and Ali Laith Abdulkarim. "Investigation of Binary Solvents Performance for Regeneration of Iraqi 15W- 40 Waste Lubricant." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 4 (2016): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.4.8.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of binary solvent for regeneration of spent lubricating oil by extraction-flocculation process. The regeneration was investigated by bench scale experiments by using locally provided solvents (Heavy Naphtha, n-Butanol, and iso-Butanol). Solvents to used oil, mixing time, mixing speed and temperatures were studied as operating parameters. The performance on three estimated depended key parameters, namely the percentage of base oil recovered (Yield), percent of oil loss (POL), and the percent of sludge removal (PSR) were used to evaluate

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13

Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "Performance and emissions of spark-ignition engine using ethanol–methanol–gasoline, n-butanol–iso-butanol–gasoline and iso-butanol–ethanol–gasoline blends: A comparative study." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 19, no. 4 (2016): 2053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.09.009.

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14

Hussein, Hussein Qasim, and Ali Laith Abdulkarim. "A Study of Parameters Affecting the Solvent Extraction-Flocculation Process of Used Lubricating Oil." Journal of Engineering 23, no. 6 (2017): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.06.05.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of operating variables on, the percentage of removed sludge (PSR) obtained during re-refining of 15W-40 Al-Durra spent lubricant by solvent extraction-flocculation treatment method. Binary solvents were used such as, Heavy Naphtha (H.N.): MEK (N:MEK), H.N. : n-Butanol (N:n-But), and H.N. : Iso-Butanol (N:Iso:But). The studied variables were mixing speed (300-900, rpm), mixing time (15-60, min), and operating temperature (2540, oC). This study showed that the studied operating variables have effects where, increasing the mixing time up to 45 m

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15

Ji, Weiqi, Peng Zhang, Tanjin He, et al. "Intermediate species measurement during iso-butanol auto-ignition." Combustion and Flame 162, no. 10 (2015): 3541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.06.010.

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16

Pasel, Joachim, Johannes Häusler, Dirk Schmitt, et al. "Ethanol Dehydrogenation: A Reaction Path Study by Means of Temporal Analysis of Products." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101151.

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Conventional fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel should be substituted in the future by environmentally-friendly alternatives in order to reduce emissions in the transport sector and thus mitigate global warming. In this regard, iso-butanol is very promising as its chemical and physical properties are very similar to those of gasoline. Therefore, ongoing research deals with the development of catalytically-supported synthesis routes to iso-butanol, starting from renewably-generated methanol. This research has already revealed that the dehydrogenation of ethanol plays an important role in t

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17

Kaphle, Sushma, Apurba Acharya, Arbin Shakya, and Bijay Aryal. "Determination of Alcoholic Concentration in Four Different Home Brewed Alcoholic Beverages Using Gas Chromatography." Nepal Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2022): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhs.v2i2.56804.

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Introduction: Alcohol, one of the most commonly consumed beverages across the world is manufactured both industrially as well as locally in Nepal. The proportions of locally brewed alcoholic beverages are higher due to geographical variation as well as presence of a population with varied cultural background. Even though the industrially manufactured alcoholic beverages are quantified, the home brewed beverages usually are produced and consumed without quantification. These alcoholic beverages consist of various components such as ethanol, methanol, iso-propanol, iso-butanol and others, each c

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18

RUSU COLDEA, Teodora Emilia, Carmen SOCACIU, Maria PARV, and Dan VODNAR. "Gas-Chromatographic Analysis of Major Volatile Compounds Found in Traditional Fruit Brandies from Transylvania, Romania." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3926053.

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In the current study, the major volatile compounds from three categories of traditional fruit brandies (plum, apple and pear) were characterized by gas-chromatography (GC-FID). There were collected 26 samples from different locations of Transylvania (Romania), all made by traditional technologies involving fermentation in barrels and distillation in copper stills. The major volatile compounds, besides ethanol, identified and quantified were: acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-butanol, iso-butylic alcohol, alcool amyl active, iso-amylic alcohol, 1-butanol and furfural. For eac

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19

Hamadi, Adel S. "Selective Additives for Improvement of Gasoline Octane Number." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 17, no. 2 (2010): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.17.2.03.

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High octane blend base gasoline stocks are reformulated from 30% LSRN, 45% Reformate and 25% Powerformate on volume basis. ASTM standard and IROX 2000 analysis are performed to test blend stocks sample. Different additive types are used to improve octane number. These additives are tetraethyl lead, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, active amyl alcohol, iso-pentyl alcohol, isobutyl carbinol, benzol ,telone, xylene, amino benzene, N-N-dimethyl aniline, dimethyl ketone, and

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20

Gonçalves Bortoleto, Gisele, and Winston Pinheiro Claro Gomes. "MONITORING OF ORGANIC VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN CRAFT BEERS DURING FERMENTATIVE PROCESS." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences 11, no. 4 (2022): e4761. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.4761.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the fermentation process of three different craft beers, using gas chromatography with headspace sampling. The production of VOCs, which are largely responsible for the flavors of the drink, makes up unique organoleptic characteristics for each beer. In this work, it was possible to observe the different profiles for the Pilsen, Witbier and IPA style beers, when quantifying the analytes methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol (iso-amyl alcohol), acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and i

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21

Larsson, Tara, Senthil Krishnan Mahendar, Anders Christiansen-Erlandsson, and Ulf Olofsson. "The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133908.

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The negative impact of transport on climate has led to incentives to increase the amount of renewable fuels used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Oxygenated, liquid biofuels are promising alternatives, as they exhibit similar combustion behaviour to gasoline. In this article, the effect of the different biofuels on engine efficiency, combustion propagation and emissions of a gasoline-optimised direct injected spark ignited (DISI) engine were evaluated through engine experiments. The experiments were performed without any engine hardware modifications. The investigated fuels are gasoline,

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22

Abigor, R. D., P. O. Uadia, T. A. Foglia, et al. "Lipase-catalysed production of biodiesel fuel from some Nigerian lauric oils." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (2000): 979–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280979.

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Fatty acids esters were produced from two Nigerian lauric oils, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, by transesterification of the oils with different alcohols using PS30 lipase as a catalyst. In the conversion of palm kernel oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel), ethanol gave the highest conversion of 72%, t-butanol 62%, 1-butanol 42%, n-propanol 42% and iso-propanol 24%, while only 15% methyl ester was observed with methanol. With coconut oil, 1-butanol and iso-butanol achieved 40% conversion, 1-propanol 16% and ethanol 35%, while only traces of methyl esters were observed using methanol. Studies on s

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23

García-Morales, Ricardo, Francisco J. Verónico-Sánchez, Abel Zúñiga-Moreno, Oscar A. González-Vargas, Edgar Ramírez-Jiménez, and Octavio Elizalde-Solis. "Fatty Acid Alkyl Ester Production by One-Step Supercritical Transesterification of Beef Tallow by Using Ethanol, Iso-Butanol, and 1-Butanol." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030742.

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The effect of temperature was studied on the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters by means of transesterification of waste beef tallow using ethanol and, iso-butanol and 1-butanol at supercritical conditions. These alcohols are proposed for the synthesis of biodiesel in order to improve the cold flow properties of alkyl esters. Alcohol–beef tallow mixtures were fed to a high-pressure high-temperature autoclave at a constant molar ratio of 45:1. Reactions were carried out in the ranges of 310–390 °C and 310–420 °C for ethanol and iso-butanol, respectively; meanwhile, synthesis using 1-butanol w

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24

Hu, Erjiang, Hongzhen Tian, Xinyi Zhang, Xiaotian Li, and Zuohua Huang. "Explosion characteristics of n-butanol/iso-octane-air mixtures." Fuel 188 (January 2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.002.

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25

Wang, D. Z. "Increased yields of propanol and iso-butanol from syngas." Applied Catalysis A: General 126, no. 1 (1995): N3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(95)80154-5.

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26

Prof., U. N. Galat Dr C. B. Kothare Akash Sor Ataullah Ansari Ayan Beg Tushar Dongare Vedant Dhande. "The Role of Additives in Ethanol-Gasoline Blends: A Comprehensive Review on Efficiency and Emission Control in SI Engines." International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology in Engineering 10, no. 2 (2025): 196–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15425661.

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This study investigates the impact of ethanol-gasoline blends on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition (SI) engine. Various ethanol concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were mixed with gasoline using an ultrasonic bath to ensure optimal blending. Results indicated that increasing ethanol content improved power output, brake specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency, while also reducing harmful exhaust emissions. However, a decrease in volumetric efficiency was noted. Overall, the findings suggest that ethanol blends can enhance engine performance and reduce environmental

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27

Fan, Yunchu, Yaozong Duan, Dong Han, Xinqi Qiao, and Zhen Huang. "Influences of isomeric butanol addition on anti-knock tendency of primary reference fuel and toluene primary reference fuel gasoline surrogates." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419850704.

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The anti-knock tendency of blends of butanol isomers and two gasoline surrogates (primary reference fuels and toluene primary reference fuels) was studied on a single-cylinder cooperative fuel research engine. The effects of butanol molecular structure (n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol and t-butanol) and butanol addition percentage on fuel research octane numbers were investigated. The experimental results revealed that butanol addition to either PRF80 or TPRF80 increased research octane numbers, and the research octane numbers of fuel blends showed higher linearity with the molar percentage th

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28

Li, Yuqiang, Bingqian Lou, Wei Tang, Shitu Abubakar, and Gang Liu. "A more realistic skeletal mechanism with compact size for n-butanol combustion in diesel engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 12 (2021): 3082–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211007105.

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To accurately predict the combustion and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel blends, a more realistic compact-sized skeletal mechanism with (149 species and 497 reactions) was developed in this study based on the decoupling method. It was generated by integrating the simplified fuel-related sub-mechanisms of n-butanol and diesel surrogates including n-dodecane, iso-cetane, iso-octane, toluene, and decalin. The same detailed core sub-mechanisms of C2-C3 and H2/CO/C1, in which the formation and oxidation of benzene (A1) and larger polycyclic aromatic hydroca

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29

Tian, Shaopeng, Siyi Ding, Qianqian Yang, et al. "The role of non-stoichiometric spinel for iso-butanol formation from biomass syngas over Zn–Cr based catalysts." RSC Advances 7, no. 33 (2017): 20135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02627g.

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The non-stoichiometric Zn–Cr spinel plays an essential role for the formation of iso-butanol from bio-syngas. Co-precipitation method promotes the formation of non-stoichiometric Zn–Cr spinel and dramatically enhances the catalytic performance.

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30

Konstantinova, N. M., M. S. Motornova, M. N. Mamontov, D. I. Shishin, and I. A. Uspenskaya. "Partial and integral thermodynamic properties in the sodium chloride–water–1-butanol(iso-butanol) ternary systems." Fluid Phase Equilibria 309, no. 1 (2011): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2011.06.035.

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31

Ramanjaneyulu, K., A. Krishnaiah, and M. Ramakrishna. "The Excess Gibbs Free Energies of Chloromethane with Iso-butanol." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 18, no. 3 (1988): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319108808078598.

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32

Feng, PengFei, XiaoLei Gu, and ZuoHua Huang. "Measurement of laminar burning velocities of iso-butanol-air mixtures." Chinese Science Bulletin 55, no. 19 (2010): 2046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3063-1.

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33

Agnihotri, Vipashavi, Anuj Kumar, Diwakar Shende, and Kailas Wasewar. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Itaconic Acid from the Aqueous Phase Using Natural and Chemical Solvents." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 10, no. 1 (2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.5439.2023.

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Itaconic acid, also known as methylene succinic acid, is a colorless, crystalline substance that is found in nature. Due to its two functional carboxylic acid forms and - unsaturated bond, it can be used in a variety of sectors (plastics, super-absorbents, biopolymers, anti-scaling agents, etc.). Itaconic acid can be produced via thermally decarboxylating citric acid, catalysing the condensation of succinic acid derivatives with formaldehyde, decarboxylating aconitic acid, and fermentation utilizing Aspergillus terreus and other microbes. It is quite expensive and harmful to extract itaconic a

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34

Sarijloo, Mohsen, Morteza Jabbari, and Ali Farajtabar. "Solvatochromism in some cosolvent mixtures of sulfolane and aliphatic alcohols: a tool to predict preferential solvation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 3 (2020): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0369.

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The phenomenon of solvatochromism for three indicator solutes, namely para-nitroaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, and the betaine dye 4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)-2,6-diphenylphenolate, was studied at 303.15 ± 0.1 K by means of UV–vis absorption measurements. The spectral shifts of these dyes in different mole fractions (0.0–1.0) of binary mixtures of sulfolane with eight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol) were analyzed to investigate preferential solvation of them in terms of both the solute–solvent and the solvent–s

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35

Liu, Wei, Andrew P. Kelley, and Chung K. Law. "Non-premixed ignition, laminar flame propagation, and mechanism reduction of n-butanol, iso-butanol, and methyl butanoate." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33, no. 1 (2011): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.084.

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36

Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions." Fuel 163 (January 2016): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.059.

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37

Zhaksylykova, Gulbanu, Kairzhan Shalmagambetov, Fatima Kanapiyeva, et al. "The Role of Alcohols in the Hexene-1 Hydroalkoxycarbonylation Reaction with Catalysts Based on Palladium Complexes." Catalysts 13, no. 12 (2023): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121507.

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In this work, the activity of various alcohols in the hexene-1 hydroalkoxycarbonylation reaction in the presence of two catalytic systems was investigated for the first time: (1) Pd(PPh3)4-PPh3-TsOH (menthol, cyclohexanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol, butanol, isobutanol and benzyl alcohol) and (2) PdCl2(PPh3)2-PPh3-AlCl3 (ethanol, propanol-1, butanol-1, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, pentanol-1, allyl alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol). The optimal process parameters (temperature, pressure and reaction time) for the reactions of the hydropropoxycarbonylation and hydrobutoxycarbonylation of hex

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38

Pasel, Joachim, Friederike Woltmann, Johannes Häusler, and Ralf Peters. "Surface Redox Reaction for the Synthesis of NiPt Catalysts for the Upgrading of Renewable Ethanol/Methanol Mixtures." Catalysts 14, no. 1 (2024): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14010077.

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Mixtures of ethanol and methanol being synthesized from CO2 and green H2 can serve as sustainable base chemicals for a number of chemical processes. Amongst these processes, the catalytically supported synthesis of CO2-neutral C4 to C10 alcohols is of increasing importance as, e.g., iso-butanol can be used as a drop-in fuel or after dehydration to produce iso-butene as a feedstock for the synthesis of plastics. 2-ethyl-hexanol can be further refined into solvents, tensides, or monomers. In this respect, NiPt alloys on an activated carbon support were found to be active and stable catalysts for

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39

Kılınç, Mehmet Ferruh, Gökhan Öztürk, and Müjdat Fırat. "Investigating the effect of butanol isomers on combustion and emissions in port injection dual fuel diesel engines: an experimental study." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0326197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326197.

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The present study examines the effects of substituting alternative fuels for diesel fuel and employing a dual fuel approach on diesel engine combustion characteristics and emissions. Various butanol isomers, namely ıso-butanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, and sec-butanol, were chosen as novelty alternative fuels. In dual fuel combustion strategy, diesel fuel was injected directly into the cylinder, while butanol isomers as a secondary fuel were introduced into the cylinder at the beginning of the intake period using a port injection technique. The tests were repeated for 15%, 30%, and 45% premixi

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Martinez-Orozco, Edgardo, Pablo Gortares-Moroyoqui, Norberto Santiago-Olivares, et al. "Tequila Still Distillation Fractioned Residual Streams for Use in Biorefinery." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236222.

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Tequila vinasses is a mixture made from up to six still distillation two-stage process residual effluents. First stage fractions: residual must (60%), heads (0.9%) and tails (20.0%); second stage fractions: non-evaporated (8.0%), heads (0.1%) and tails (1.0%); the result is a more complex effluent for its treatment or biorefining. The objectives of this study were to: (a) characterize the five still distillation volatile streams in the Tequila 100% Agave processing; compounds: methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, sec-butanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol, iso-amyl, n-amyl, and

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Tanwar, Manju Dhakad, Felipe Andrade Torres, Ali Mubarak Alqahtani, Pankaj Kumar Tanwar, Yashas Bhand, and Omid Doustdar. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020597.

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In recent decades, many kinds of research have been conducted on alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines. Low/zero-carbon fuels, such as bioalcohols and hydrogen, are the most promising alternative fuels and are extensively studied because of their availability, ease of manufacturing, and environmental benefits. Using these promising fuels in CI engines is environmentally and economically beneficial. The most common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, iso-butanol, and pentanol. The primary objective of this review paper is to

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Mihajlović, Ljiljana, Snežana Nikolić-Mandić, Branislav Vukanović, and Ranđel Mihajlović. "Use of the sulfide minerals pyrite and chalcopyrite as electrochemical sensors in non-aqueous solutions. The potentiometric titration of weak acids in alcohols." Open Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2009): 900–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0074-3.

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AbstractNatural monocrystalline pyrite and chalcopyrite were examined as new indicator electrodes for the potentiometric titration of weak acids in tert-butanol and iso-propanol. The electrodes investigated demonstrated a linear dynamic response for p-toluenesulfonic acid concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 0.001 M, with a Nernstian slope of 48 mV per decade for pyrite in tert-butanol. Sodium methylate, potassium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) proved to be suitable titrating agents. The response time was less than 12 s and the lifetime of the electrodes was higher than 1

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Zhou, Chong-Wen, Stephen J. Klippenstein, John M. Simmie, and Henry J. Curran. "Theoretical kinetics for the decomposition of iso-butanol and related reactions." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 34, no. 1 (2013): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.034.

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Meng, Feifei, Zhenyu Lu, Runkun Zhang, and Gongke Li. "Cataluminescence sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of iso-butanol." Talanta 194 (March 2019): 910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.016.

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Zhang, Dazhi, Sami A. I. Barri, and David Chadwick. "n-Butanol to iso-butene in one-step over zeolite catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 403, no. 1-2 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.037.

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Chen, Shu-da, Qun-fang Lei, and Wen-jun Fang. "Viscosities and densities for binary mixtures of N-methylpiperazine with methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15K." Fluid Phase Equilibria 234, no. 1-2 (2005): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2005.05.012.

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Aleiferis, P. G., M. K. Behringer, D. OudeNijeweme, and P. Freeland. "Insights into Stoichiometric and Lean Combustion Phenomena of Gasoline–Butanol, Gasoline–Ethanol, Iso-Octane–Butanol, and Iso-Octane–Ethanol Blends in an Optical Spark-Ignition Engine." Combustion Science and Technology 189, no. 6 (2017): 1013–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2016.1271796.

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Ma, Yi, Shaomin Zhao, Junhong Zhao, Jun Fu, and Wenhua Yuan. "Constructing a Skeletal Iso-Propanol–Butanol–Ethanol (IBE)–Diesel Mechanism Using the Decoupling Method." Processes 12, no. 5 (2024): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050995.

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In recent years, biofuels have gained considerable prominence in response to growing concerns about resource scarcity and environmental pollution. Previous investigations have revealed that the appropriate blending of iso-propanol–butanol–ethanol (IBE) into diesel significantly improves both the c combustion efficiency and emission performance of internal combustion engines (ICEs). However, the combustion mechanism of IBE–diesel for the numerical studies of engines has not reached maturity. In this study, a skeletal IBE–diesel multi-component mechanism, comprising 157 species and 603 reactions

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Araujo, Laís, Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton, Lidyane Freita, Natalia Novais Ribeiro, and Kátia Natale. "IMPUREZAS VEGETAIS NA QUALIDADE DO BIOETANOL: avaliação cromatográfica de compostos do destilado obtido das variedades RB975201 e cana energia Vertix 3." Ciência & Tecnologia 17, no. 01 (2025): e17114. https://doi.org/10.52138/citec.v17i01.426.

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A cana-de-açúcar se destaca como cultura de grande importância no Brasil, utilizada como principal matéria-prima para a produção de bioetanol. Devido a robustez e aptidão a áreas mais restritivas, a cana energia torna-se uma opção para incremento da produtividade. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das impurezas vegetais na composição do destilado obtido do processamento da cana comercial RB975201 e cana energia tipo 1 através da cromatografia gasosa quanto as concentrações de acetona, isopropanol, diacetil, n-butanol, furfural, metanol, acetato de etila, acetal, acet

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Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "Biofuel Blends for Desalination Units: Comparison and Assessments." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041139.

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Although desalinations with renewables were introduced some time ago, conventional desalination units are still applied. Conventional desalinations account for 90% of desalinations worldwide. Yet, they have two significant issues: a high demand for energy and a high level of environmental contaminants. Such issues are studied and remedies are suggested in the current study. Varieties of biofuel blends in dual and ternary bases are investigated experimentally for indirect desalination. Results showed that ternary blends can introduce lower desalination potentials than fossil fuels by about 4–7%

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