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Journal articles on the topic 'Isobologram analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Carter, Walter H., Chris Gennings, Joan G. Staniswalis, Eleanor D. Campbell, and Kimber L. White. "A Statistical Approach to the Construction and Analysis of Isobolograms." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 7 (1988): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809014527.

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Current statistical procedures used in the construction of isobolograms do not use recent advances in mathematical statistics. The variability in the experimental data is either ignored or incompletely accounted for in the analyses. The decision procedures currently used to characterize the type of interaction between two agents do not permit the determination of the level of statistical significance associated with a given conclusion. Furthermore, the often formidable sample size is not exploited in the current isobologram methodology. Statistical techniques exist that may be used to construc

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2

Ujal, Noor Fardziatun, Nurul Izzaty Najwa Zahari, and Nurhidanatasha Abu Bakar. "Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound synergistically interacts with concanamycin A, an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum proton pump." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 8, no. 2 (2024): 90–97. https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2024.8.2.760.

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Background. Ellagic acid is a bioactive phenolic constituent of many plants. Our previous study reported that ellagic acid alkalinised the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole similarly to concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of V-type H+-ATPase located on the membrane of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the interaction of ellagic acid with concanamycin A by using the isobologram analysis of effects on parasite growth. Methodology. A malarial SBYR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay was conducted prior to the isobologram analysis to deter

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3

Pöch, G., R. J. Reiffenstein, and H. D. Unkelbach. "Application of the isobologram technique for the analysis of combined effects with respect to additivity as well as independence." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 6 (1990): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-103.

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Combined actions of two substances with similar effects are frequently expressed by pairs of doses that produce a fixed response, usually 50%, in so-called isobolograms (ED50 isobolograms). In addition to the dose scales in such graphs we propose the addition of effect scales, where possible, to indicate the effect at certain doses, e.g., the ED30. We further propose to construct isoboles for expected independent interaction, in addition to the additivity line, for which purpose a simple procedure is delineated. In practice, an independent isobole for 50% effect passes through the point formed

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4

Gorka, Alexander P., Lauren M. Jacobs, and Paul D. Roepe. "Cytostatic versus cytocidal profiling of quinoline drug combinations via modified fixed-ratio isobologram analysis." Malaria Journal 12, no. 1 (2013): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-332.

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5

Xiong, Yin, Hye Kyong Kim, Övgü Çelikler Özer, et al. "Synergistic Inhibiting Effect of Phytochemicals in Rheum palmatum on Tyrosinase Based on Metabolomics and Isobologram Analyses." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030944.

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Tyrosinase (TYR) plays a key role in the enzymatic reaction that is responsible for a range of unwanted discoloration effects, such as food browning and skin hyperpigmentation. TYR inhibitors could, therefore, be candidates for skin care products that aim to repair pigmentation problems. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach combined with the isobologram analysis to identify anti-TYR compounds within natural resources, and evaluate their possible synergism with each other. Rheum palmatum was determined to be a model plant for observing the effect, of which seven extracts with diverse

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Ozvaran, Mustafa K., Xiaobo X. Cao, Steven D. Miller, Brett A. Monia, Waun Ki Hong, and W. Roy Smythe. "Antisense oligonucleotides directed at the bcl-xl gene product augment chemotherapy response in mesothelioma." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3, no. 5 (2004): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.545.3.5.

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Abstract Objective: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and apoptosis. The bcl-2 family proteins are major determinants of apoptotic homeostasis. MPM lines and tumors routinely overexpress the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL. We have previously shown that antisense inhibition of BCL-XL in MPM cells leads to apoptosis. We sought to determine whether antisense oligonucleotides directed at the bcl-xl gene product would augment response to a conventional chemotherapeutic agent in human mesothelioma cell lines. Methods: The human MPM cell lines REN and

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7

Khakpoor, Mitra, Mohammad Nasehi, Akbar Vahdati, Seyed-Ebrahim Hoseyni, and Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. "Additive effect of BLA GABAA receptor mechanism and (+)-MK-801 on memory retention deficit, an isobologram analysis." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 143 (April 2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2016.02.001.

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8

Nasehi, Mohammad, Marziyeh Hajikhani, Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri, and Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. "Interaction between NMDA and CB2 function in the dorsal hippocampus on memory consolidation impairment: an isobologram analysis." Psychopharmacology 234, no. 3 (2016): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4481-9.

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9

Tachedjian, G., D. Tyssen, D. Jardine, S. Locarnini, and C. Birch. "Synergistic Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in vitro by Interferon Alpha and Coumermycin A1." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 3, no. 3 (1992): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029200300309.

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Interferon alpha, either leukocyte derived or the recombinant form, and the DNA gyrase inhibitor coumermycin A1 both inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) replication in vitro. We have found that combinations of these two agents synergistically inhibited HIV replication in human peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL). Significant inhibition was detected when both virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity and p24 levels were used as markers of replication. Mathematical analysis of data using the procedure of Chou and Chou (1987) produced combination indices of less than 1.0 for

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10

Kifer, Domagoj, Daniela Jakšić, and Maja Šegvić Klarić. "Assessing the Effect of Mycotoxin Combinations: Which Mathematical Model Is (the Most) Appropriate?" Toxins 12, no. 3 (2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12030153.

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In the past decades, many studies have examined the nature of the interaction between mycotoxins in biological models classifying interaction effects as antagonisms, additive effects, or synergisms based on a comparison of the observed effect with the expected effect of combination. Among several described mathematical models, the arithmetic definition of additivity and factorial analysis of variance were the most commonly used in mycotoxicology. These models are incorrectly based on the assumption that mycotoxin dose-effect curves are linear. More appropriate mathematical models for assessing

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11

Nejati, Shahrzad, Fatemeh Khakpai, and Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. "Synergistic effect between citalopram and citicoline on anxiolytic effect in non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice: An isobologram analysis." Brain Research 1734 (May 2020): 146701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146701.

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12

Mercer-Smith, Alison, Wulin Jiang, Alain Valdivia, Juli Bago, Scott Floyd, and Shawn Hingtgen. "48. DEVELOPING TUMOR-HOMING CYTOTOXIC HUMAN INDUCED NEURAL STEM CELLS AS AN ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR RADIATION THERAPY OF BRAIN METASTASES." Neuro-Oncology Advances 2, Supplement_2 (2020): ii9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdaa073.036.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common primary cancer to metastasize to the brain. Radiation is first-line for multifocal brain metastases, but recurrence is observed in 40% of patients. An adjuvant treatment to radiation is needed to effectively treat post-radiation tumor. Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) have the unique ability to seek out tumors and deliver therapeutic payloads that significantly reduce tumor burden. Here we have transdifferentiated human fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells (hiNSC) and explored the efficacy of hiNSC

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Mercer-Smith, Alison, Wulin Jiang, Alain Valdivia, et al. "EXTH-07. TUMOR-HOMING INDUCED NEURAL STEM CELLS SECRETING A CYTOTOXIC PAYLOAD AS AN ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER BRAIN METASTASES." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (2020): ii88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.361.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer to form brain metastases. Radiation treatment is standard-of-care, but recurrence is still observed in 40% of patients. An adjuvant treatment is desperately needed to track down and kill tumor remnants after radiation. Tumoritropic neural stem cells (NSCs) that can home to and deliver a cytotoxic payload offer potential as such an adjuvant treatment. Here we show the transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts into tumor-homing induced neural stem cells (hiNSCs) that secrete the cytotoxic protein TRAIL (hiNSC-TRAI

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14

Kim, Won Ho, Hyun Joo Ahn, and Jie Ae Kim. "Interactions of propofol and remifentanil on bispectral index under 66% N2O: analysis by dose-effect curve, isobologram, and combination index." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 59, no. 6 (2010): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2010.59.6.371.

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15

Kano, Y., M. Akutsu, S. Tsunoda, et al. "In vitro cytotoxic effects of fludarabine (2-F-ara-A) in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis." Leukemia 14, no. 3 (2000): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2401684.

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16

Yurkow, Edward J., and Jeffrey D. Laskin. "Mechanism of action of psoralens: isobologram analysis reveals that ultraviolet light potentiation of psoralen action is not additive but synergistic." Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 27, no. 4 (1991): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00685118.

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17

Budman, D. R., and A. Calabro. "Marked synergism of cytotoxic agents with either a prenylation inhibitor or M-TOR inhibitor in acute leukemia cell lines: Potential clinical implications." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 13103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13103.

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13103 Background: The most combinations of anticancer drugs are based upon empiricism. The potential permutations of drugs overwhelm the clinical trials system. Acute leukemia is sensitive to a variety of agents but relapses are common. Targeted agents are attractive new venues of therapy both as single agents and in combination with older agents. Isobologram median effect analysis allows up to three agents to be studied together in vitro to identify interesting combinations. We evaluated a commercially available statin, fluvastatin, to block prenylation which affects a variety of pathways, ra

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18

Dong, Chunming, Guihong Zhao, Lei Tao, et al. "Antioxidant Interactions between S-allyl-L-cysteine and Polyphenols Using Interaction Index and Isobolographic Analysis." Molecules 27, no. 13 (2022): 4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134089.

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This work aims to study the antioxidant interactions between S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) and six natural polyphenols (quercetin, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) through the measurement of free-radical-scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), the radical-cation-scavenging activity of 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and reducing power. Among the six natural polyphenols, caffeic acid showed the strongest synergistic effect with SAC according to DPPH and reducing power assays. Further investigations

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19

V., Karri, Kumar V., Ramos D., Oliveira E., and Schuhmacher M. "An in vitro cytotoxic approach to assess the toxicity of heavy metals and their binary mixtures on hippocampal HT-22 cell line." Toxicology letters 282 (October 5, 2017): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.002.

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Humans are exposed to a cocktail of heavy metal toxicants in the environment. Though heavy metals are deleterious, there is a paucity of information on the toxicity of mixtures. In this study, four common neurotoxicity heavy metals lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and methylmercury (MeHg) were exposed individually and as mixtures to HT-22 cell line for 8days. The study established that low dose exposures induced toxicity to the HT-22 cell line during 8days. The results indicates potency dependent response, the toxicity of single metals on the HT-22 cells; MeHg > As > Cd > Pb. The

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20

Kwon, Ye-Mi, Sou Hyun Kim, Young-Suk Jung, and Jae-Hwan Kwak. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (S)-2-(Substituted arylmethyl)-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-3-carboxamide Analogs and Their Synergistic Effect against PTEN-Deficient MDA-MB-468 Cells." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 10 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14100974.

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A series of twenty-six compounds of furfuryl or benzyl tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole analogs were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-expressed triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468). Among them, compounds 2b, 2f and 2i showed more potent activity and selectivity against MDA-MB-468 cells than gefitinib, as an EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In addition, it was confirmed by means of isobologram analysis of combinational treatment with gef

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21

Ahmadi-Mahmoodabadi, N., M. Nasehi, M. Emam Ghoreishi, and M. R. Zarrindast. "Synergistic effect between prelimbic 5-HT3 and CB1 receptors on memory consolidation deficit in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats: An isobologram analysis." Neuroscience 317 (March 2016): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.010.

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22

Milella, Michele, Zeev Estrov, Steven M. Kornblau, et al. "Synergistic induction of apoptosis by simultaneous disruption of the Bcl-2 and MEK/MAPK pathways in acute myelogenous leukemia." Blood 99, no. 9 (2002): 3461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.9.3461.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that the Bcl-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways together confer an aggressive, apoptosis-resistant phenotype on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. In this study, we analyzed the effects of simultaneous inhibition of these 2 pathways. In AML cell lines with constitutively activated MAPK, MAPK kinase (MEK) blockade by PD184352 strikingly potentiated the apoptosis induced by the small-molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1 or by Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides. Isobologram analysis confirmed the synergistic nature of this interaction. Moreover, M

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Zhang, Shuchao, Guozhi HU, Ana Cristina Paz-Mejia, Luyuan Li, and Jonathan C. Trent. "Inhibition of autophagy sensitizes gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells to TKI/Bcl-2 inhibitors-induced apoptosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 11036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11036.

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11036 Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract. Most GISTs are driven by mutations in KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA), which responds well to imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks KIT and PDGFR-α signaling. Bcl-2 family plays a critical role in the regulation of cell apoptosis in GISTs. ABT-737 as an inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL can result in a time and dose-dependent activation of apoptosis. Autophagy is a key mechanism to promote tumor cells survival, inhibition of which can induce the c

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Orlando, Lorraine Martins Rocha, Leonardo da Silva Lara, Guilherme Curty Lechuga, et al. "Antitrypanosomal Activity of 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Hybrids Evaluated Using In Vitro Preclinical Translational Models." Biology 12, no. 9 (2023): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12091222.

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Chagas disease therapy still relies on two nitroderivatives, nifurtimox and benznidazole (Bz), which have important limitations and serious adverse effects. New therapeutic alternatives for this silent disease, which has become a worldwide public health problem, are essential for its control and elimination. In this study, 1,2,3-triazole analogues were evaluated for efficacy against T. cruzi. Three triazole derivatives, 1d (0.21 µM), 1f (1.23 µM), and 1g (2.28 µM), showed potent activity against trypomastigotes, reaching IC50 values 10 to 100 times greater than Bz (22.79 µM). Promising candida

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Kim, W., and H. Ahn. "Interactions of remifentanil and propofol on bispectral index and adequate dose combination for gastrectomy operation: Analysis by dose-effect curve, isobologram, and combination index." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25, Sup 44 (2008): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200805001-00477.

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26

Nasehi, Mohammad, Elaheh Ostadi, Fatemeh Khakpai, Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri, and Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. "Synergistic effect between D-AP5 and muscimol in the nucleus accumbens shell on memory consolidation deficit in adult male Wistar rats: An isobologram analysis." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 141 (May 2017): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.022.

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27

Argüelles, Alejandra, Ruth Sánchez-Fresneda, José P. Guirao-Abad, et al. "Novel Bi-Factorial Strategy against Candida albicans Viability Using Carnosic Acid and Propolis: Synergistic Antifungal Action." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (2020): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050749.

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The potential fungicidal action of the natural extracts, carnosic acid (obtained from rosemary) and propolis (from honeybees’ panels) against the highly prevalent yeast Candida albicans, used herein as an archetype of pathogenic fungi, was tested. The separate addition of carnosic acid and propolis on exponential cultures of the standard SC5314 C. albicans strain caused a moderate degree of cell death at relatively high concentrations. However, the combination of both extracts, especially in a 1:4 ratio, induced a potent synergistic pattern, leading to a drastic reduction in cell survival even

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Bojo, Zenaida, Cyril Deaño, Sonia Jacinto, and Gisela Concepcion. "Synergistic in vitro cytotoxicity of adociaquinone B and heptyl prodigiosin against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line." SciEnggJ 3, no. 2 (2010): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/201032zuv-12.

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A major limitation of cancer chemotherapy is the inability to escalate doses of an anticancer drug due to intolerable cytotoxic side effects. This limitation can be overcome by using a combination of drugs administered at lower doses. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining two compounds isolated from marine organisms for in vitro cytotoxicity to the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by the MTT assay. Adociaquinone B, from the marine sponge Xestospongia sp., and heptyl prodigiosin, from the marine bacterium Pseudovibrio denitrificans strain Z143-1, were combined in three molar prop

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Jayanthan, Aarthy, Jane Fowler, Lucas Coppes, Tanya Trippett, Ron Anderson, and Aru Narendran. "Additive Interaction between Oxaliplatin and DMAG in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells. Evidence for Interference with Multiple Signaling Pathways." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 4590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4590.4590.

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Abstract Oxaliplatin is an analogue from diaminocyclohexanae platinum family of agents that has been found to have significant antitumour activity against a number of aggressive malignancies. However, its effectiveness in the treatment of leukemia has not been widely explored. Studies conducted in a number of solid tumour models indicate that the activity of oxaliplatin is significantly increased when combined with other antineoplastic agents. This provides a unique approach to develop combined treatment protocols with minimum toxicity. We tested the hypothesis that oxaliplatin induced cytotox

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Gogou, Georgia, Olga S. Koutsoni, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Leandros A. Skaltsounis, Maria Halabalaki, and Eleni Dotsika. "Direct In Vitro Comparison of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Different Olive Oil Total Polyphenolic Fractions and Assessment of Their Combined Effects with Miltefosine." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196176.

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The bioactive compounds present in the edible products of the olive tree have been extensively studied and their favorable effects on various disease risk factors have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the anti-leishmanial effects of total phenolic fractions (TPFs) derived from extra virgin olive oil with different phenolic contents and diverse quantitative patterns. Moreover, the present study investigated their association with miltefosine, a standard anti-leishmanial drug, against both extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes

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Hwang, Der-Ren, Yuan-Chin Tsai, Jin-Ching Lee, et al. "Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Arsenic Trioxide." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 8 (2004): 2876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.8.2876-2882.2004.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global problem, and present therapeutics are inadequate to cure HCV infection. In the present study, various antiviral assays show that As2O3 at submicromolar concentrations is capable of inhibiting HCV replication. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of As2O3 required to inhibit HCV replication was 0.35 μM when it was determined by a reporter-based HCV replication assay, and the EC50 was below 0.2 μM when it was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. As2O3 did not cause cellular toxicity at this concentration, as reveale

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Hwang, Der-Ren, Ren-Kuo Lin, Guang-Zhou Leu, et al. "Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Antimonial Compounds." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 10 (2005): 4197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.10.4197-4202.2005.

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ABSTRACT Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem causing serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. Alpha interferon (IFN-α) or its polyethylene glycol-modified form combined with ribavirin is the only recommended therapy. However, an alternative therapy is needed due to the unsatisfactory cure rate of the IFN-based therapy. Using a modified reporter assay based on the HCV subgenomic-replicon system, we found that sodium stibogluconate (SSG), a compound used for leishmania treatment, suppressed HCV replication. We have previously reported that

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Todorovic, Lidija, Gorana Stamenkovic, Biljana Vucetic-Tadic, et al. "Synergistic effect of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin with dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin on the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line KTC2." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs201010055t.

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The use of targeted inhibitors has shown promise as an effective approach in cancer therapy. However, targeted therapies based only on one drug, such as 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), have limited success, partly because cancer cells engage alternate pathways for survival and proliferation. In the present study, we evaluated whether dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) inhibitor, can enhance the antitumor activities of 17-AAG, a 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) inhibitor, in the anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line KTC2. We examined the effect o

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34

Fuentes, Cristina, Veronica Zingales, José Manuel Barat, and María-José Ruiz. "Combined Cytotoxic Effects of the Fungicide Azoxystrobin and Common Food-Contaminating Mycotoxins." Foods 14, no. 7 (2025): 1226. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071226.

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This study assessed the cytotoxicity of the individual and combined exposure to the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZX) and the three common mycotoxins found in food: ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 toxin. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the resazurin and MTT assays in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells after 24 h of exposure, and the type of interaction between the compounds was determined using the isobologram method. Results showed that T-2 was the most cytotoxic compound, followed by DON, OTA, and AZX. The compound ratios in the mixture were calculated using three sublet

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Ricciardi, Maria Rosaria, Michele Milella, Francesco Libotte, et al. "Synergistic Induction of Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Simultaneous Inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK and BCL-2 Pathways." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 5161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5161.5161.

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Abstract The Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and the Bcl-2 family proteins are commonly overexpressed in hematologic malignancies, where they promote proliferation and survival of the neoplastic cells. We have previously demonstrated that selective MEK inhibitors (MEK-I) exert potent growth-inhibitory effects in preclinical models of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) (Blood2006, 108:254). More recently, we have obtained evidence that ABT-737, a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL (BH3 mimetic) inhibitor (kindly provided by Abbott Laboratories), shows potent in vitro growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic

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Ismael, Mohammed, Roger Webb, Mazhar Ajaz, Karen J. Kirkby, and Helen M. Coley. "The Targeting of RNA Polymerase I Transcription Using CX-5461 in Combination with Radiation Enhances Tumour Cell Killing Effects in Human Solid Cancers." Cancers 11, no. 10 (2019): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11101429.

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An increased rate of cellular proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and may be accompanied by an increase in ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation in rRNA synthesis. In this regard, CX-5461 has been developed as a novel RNA polymerase I inhibitor and is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for solid and hematological malignancies. In the present study, interactions between CX-5461 and single-dose X-ray exposure were assessed using isobologram analysis using MTS assay and drug-induced cell death was assessed using flow cytometric, confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. Combination tr

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Co, Edgie-Mark A., Richard A. Dennull, Drew D. Reinbold, Norman C. Waters, and Jacob D. Johnson. "Assessment of Malaria In Vitro Drug Combination Screening and Mixed-Strain Infections Using the Malaria Sybr Green I-Based Fluorescence Assay." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (2009): 2557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01370-08.

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ABSTRACT Several drug development strategies, including optimization of new antimalarial drug combinations, have been used to counter malaria drug resistance. We evaluated the malaria Sybr green I-based fluorescence (MSF) assay for its use in in vitro drug combination sensitivity assays. Drug combinations of previously published synergistic (atovaquone and proguanil), indifferent (chloroquine and azithromycin), and antagonistic (chloroquine and atovaquone) antimalarial drug interactions were tested against Plasmodium falciparum strains D6 and W2 using the MSF assay. Fifty percent inhibitory co

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Lafi, Zainab, Walhan Alshaer, Lobna Gharaibeh, et al. "Synergistic combination of doxorubicin with hydralazine, and disulfiram against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0291981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291981.

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Disulfiram and hydralazine have recently been reported to have anti-cancer action, and repositioned to be used as adjuvant in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy combined with other medications, such as those that affect the immune system or epigenetic cell profile, can overcome resistance with fewer adverse effects compared to chemotherapy alone. In the present study, a combination of doxorubicin (DOX) with hydrazine (Hyd) and disulfiram (Dis), as a triple treatment, was evaluated against wild-type and DOX-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Both wild-type MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7_WT) and DOX-res

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Salinas-Restrepo, Cristian, Ana María Naranjo-Duran, Juan Quintana, et al. "Short Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from the Venom Gland Transcriptome of Pamphobeteus verdolaga Increases Gentamicin Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae." Antibiotics 13, no. 1 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010006.

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Infectious diseases account for nine percent of annual human deaths, and the widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistances threatens to significantly increase this number in the coming decades. The prospect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from venomous animals presents an interesting alternative for developing novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Small, cationic and amphiphilic peptides were predicted from the venom gland transcriptome of Pamphobeteus verdolaga using a custom database of the arthropod’s AMPs. Ninety-four candidates were chemically synthesized and screen

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Wang, Xinlu, Yanyang Xu, Haiqi Yu, Yushun Lu, Yongzhong Qian, and Meng Wang. "Metabolomics and Lipidomics Reveal the Metabolic Disorders Induced by Single and Combined Exposure of Fusarium Mycotoxins in IEC-6 Cells." Foods 14, no. 2 (2025): 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14020230.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and zearalenone (ZEN) are typical fusarium mycotoxins that occur worldwide in foodstuffs, posing significant health hazards to humans and animals. Single and combined exposure of DON, FB1, and ZEN leads to intestinal toxicity but the toxicology mechanism research is still limited. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity effects of DON, FB1, ZEN, and their combination in rat intestinal epithelial cell line 6 (IEC-6) cells. Cell viability results showed that the cytotoxicity potency ranking was DON > ZEN > FB1. Furthermore, both DON + FB1 and D

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Tun, Jortan O., Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes, Michael C. Velarde, Naoki Saito, Khanit Suwanborirux, and Gisela P. Concepcion. "Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Renieramycin M and Doxorubicin in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells." Marine Drugs 17, no. 9 (2019): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17090536.

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Renieramycin M (RM) is a KCN-stabilized tetrahydroisoquinoline purified from the blue sponge Xestospongia sp., with nanomolar IC50s against several cancer cell lines. Our goal is to evaluate its combination effects with doxorubicin (DOX) in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated simultaneously or sequentially with various combination ratios of RM and DOX for 72 h. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Synergism or antagonism was determined using curve-shift analysis, combination index method and isobologram analysis. Synergism was observed w

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Suriyah, Wastuti Hidayati, Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan, and Muhammad Lokman Md Isa. "Enhancement of Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Combination with Thymoquinone on Oral Cancer HSC-4 Cell Line." Materials Science Forum 1025 (March 2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1025.236.

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Cisplatin (CDDP) is frequently used as an adjuvant chemotherapy in oral cancer management and often associated with significant adverse effects. Natural occurring compounds have provided considerable value in cancer chemotherapeutic research. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of Nigella sativa has been widely known for its anti-neoplastic activities with negligible undesirable effect on normal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of CDDP cytotoxicity in combination with TQ oral cancer HSC-4 cell line. Cytotoxicity assay followed by Isobologram and Combinati

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Kelly, Jane X., Martin J. Smilkstein, Roland A. Cooper, et al. "Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 10-N-Substituted Acridones as Novel Chemosensitizers in Plasmodium falciparum." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 11 (2007): 4133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00669-07.

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ABSTRACT A series of novel 10-N-substituted acridones, bearing alkyl side chains with tertiary amine groups at the terminal position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ability to enhance the potency of quinoline drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. A number of acridone derivatives, with side chains bridged three or more carbon atoms apart between the ring nitrogen and terminal nitrogen, demonstrated chloroquine (CQ)-chemosensitizing activity against the MDR strain of P. falciparum (Dd2). Isobologram analysis revealed that selected can

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Alshammari, Shaymaa Majeed Hamzah, Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari, Aseel Khalid, Aysar A. Ahmed, and Hiba Kareem. "Synergistic Effects of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus AMHA1 and Chemotherapy in Treating Breast Cancer cells." Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics 17, no. 2 (2014): 88–98. https://doi.org/10.29409/ijcmg.v17i2.406.

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Breast cancer is a significant health concern, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches beyond traditional treatments. This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining virotherapy and chemotherapy using the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma model. Combination cytotoxicity assays were performed using NDV at different hemagglutination units (HAU) and chemotherapy drugs, including Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Etoposide, Mitomycin C, Vindesine, and Cyclophosphamide, at different concentrations. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and synergistic interactions were determined

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Abdelaal, Mohamed R., Sameh H. Soror, Mohamed R. Elnagar, and Hesham Haffez. "Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020506.

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(1) Background and Aim: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation and inhibits growth of many cancer cells. However, resistance develops rapidly prompting the urgent need for new synthetic and potent derivatives. EC19 and EC23 are two synthetic retinoids with potent stem cell neuro-differentiation activity. Here, these compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity using an array of different cancer cell lines. (2) Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, AV/PI (annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FIT

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Popovich, David G., Shi Yun Yeo, and Wei Zhang. "Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Root Extract Combinations Increase Hepatocarcinoma Cell (Hep-G2) Viability." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep074.

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The combined cytoactive effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) root extracts were investigated in a hepatocarcinoma cell line (Hep-G2). An isobolographic analysis was utilized to express the possibility of synergistic, additive or antagonistic interaction between the two extracts. Both ginseng and licorice roots are widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine preparations to treat a variety of ailments. However, the effect of the herbs in combination is currently unknown in cultured Hep-G2 cells. Ginseng (GE) and licorice (LE) extracts were b

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Rojas-Aguilar, Fidencio Abner, Alfredo Briones-Aranda, Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales, Rodrigo Romero-Nava, Héctor Armando Esquinca-Avilés, and Josué Vidal Espinosa-Juárez. "The Additive Antinociceptive Effect of Resveratrol and Ketorolac in the Formalin Test in Mice." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 8 (2023): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16081078.

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Pain represents one of the leading causes of suffering and disability worldwide. Currently available drugs cannot treat all types of pain and may have adverse effects. Hence, the use of pharmacological combinations is an alternative treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combination of resveratrol and ketorolac through isobolographic analysis. CD1 mice were used to study the antinociceptive effect of this combination using the formalin test and the study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, four individual doses of each drug were evaluated, totaling eight t

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Watson, Daniel J., Paul R. Meyers, Kojo Sekyi Acquah, Godwin A. Dziwornu, Christopher Bevan Barnett, and Lubbe Wiesner. "Discovery of Novel Cyclic Ethers with Synergistic Antiplasmodial Activity in Combination with Valinomycin." Molecules 26, no. 24 (2021): 7494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247494.

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With drug resistance threatening our first line antimalarial treatments, novel chemotherapeutics need to be developed. Ionophores have garnered interest as novel antimalarials due to their theorized ability to target unique systems found in the Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte. In this study, during the bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of Streptomyces strain PR3, a group of cyclodepsipeptides, including valinomycin, and a novel class of cyclic ethers were identified and elucidated. Further study revealed that the ethers were cyclic polypropylene glycol (cPPG) oligomers that ha

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Lang, Fengchao, James Cornwell, Wei Zhang, et al. "CCRG-01. MYT1 BLOCKADE AS A NOVEL GLIOMA THERAPEUTICS THROUGH ABROGATIING OF THE G2/M CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINT." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0247.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The cell cycle is tightly regulated by checkpoints, which play a vital role in controlling its progression and timing. Cancer cells exploit the G2/M checkpoint, which serves as a resistance mechanism against genotoxic anticancer treatments, allowing for DNA repair prior to cell division. Manipulating cell cycle timing has emerged as a potential strategy to augment the effectiveness of DNA damage-based therapies. METHODS In this study, we conducted a forward genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening with repeated exposure to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) to investigate the

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Al Hagbani, Turki, Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi, Shazi Shakil, and Amr Selim Abu Lila. "Nano-Formulating Besifloxacin and Employing Quercetin as a Synergizer to Enhance the Potency of Besifloxacin against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains: A Nano-Synergistic Approach." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (2023): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142083.

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The present study applied a nano-synergistic approach to enhance besifloxacin’s potency via nano-formulating besifloxacin on gold nanoparticles (Besi-AuNPs) and adding quercetin as a natural synergistic compound. In fact, a one-pot AuNP synthesis approach was applied for the generation of Besi-AuNPs, where besifloxacin itself acted as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization of Besi-AuNPs was performed by spectrophotometry, DLS, FTIR, and electron microscopy techniques. Moreover, antibacterial assessment of pure besifloxacin, Besi-AuNPs, and their combinations with quercetin were perform

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