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Journal articles on the topic 'Isocontours'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Hazarika, Subhashis, Ayan Biswas, Soumya Dutta, and Han-Wei Shen. "Information Guided Exploration of Scalar Values and Isocontours in Ensemble Datasets." Entropy 20, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20070540.

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Uncertainty of scalar values in an ensemble dataset is often represented by the collection of their corresponding isocontours. Various techniques such as contour-boxplot, contour variability plot, glyphs and probabilistic marching-cubes have been proposed to analyze and visualize ensemble isocontours. All these techniques assume that a scalar value of interest is already known to the user. Not much work has been done in guiding users to select the scalar values for such uncertainty analysis. Moreover, analyzing and visualizing a large collection of ensemble isocontours for a selected scalar value has its own challenges. Interpreting the visualizations of such large collections of isocontours is also a difficult task. In this work, we propose a new information-theoretic approach towards addressing these issues. Using specific information measures that estimate the predictability and surprise of specific scalar values, we evaluate the overall uncertainty associated with all the scalar values in an ensemble system. This helps the scientist to understand the effects of uncertainty on different data features. To understand in finer details the contribution of individual members towards the uncertainty of the ensemble isocontours of a selected scalar value, we propose a conditional entropy based algorithm to quantify the individual contributions. This can help simplify analysis and visualization for systems with more members by identifying the members contributing the most towards overall uncertainty. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by applying it on real-world datasets from material sciences, weather forecasting and ocean simulation experiments.

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2

Li, Xinbai, Boqiang Shen, Heming Wang, Ki Youl Yang, Xu Yi, Qi-Fan Yang, Zhiping Zhou, and Kerry Vahala. "Universal isocontours for dissipative Kerr solitons." Optics Letters 43, no. 11 (May 23, 2018): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.002567.

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3

Baum, Moritz, Valentin Buchhold, Julian Dibbelt, and Dorothea Wagner. "Fast Exact Computation of Isocontours in Road Networks." ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics 24 (December 17, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355514.

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4

Rosenholtz, R. "Search isocontours as a tool for understanding visual search." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 18, 2010): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.630.

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5

Pothkow, Kai, and Hans-Christian Hege. "Positional Uncertainty of Isocontours: Condition Analysis and Probabilistic Measures." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 17, no. 10 (October 2011): 1393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2010.247.

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6

Lewiner, Thomas, Hélio Lopes, Luiz Velho, and Vinícius Mello. "Extraction and compression of hierarchical isocontours from image data." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 30, no. 4 (June 2006): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2006.05.004.

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7

Williams, Rohan B., Anupam Pal, James G. Brasseur, and Ian J. Cook. "Space-time pressure structure of pharyngo-esophageal segment during swallowing." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): G1290—G1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.5.g1290.

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We applied high-resolution manometry with spatiotemporal data interpolation and simultaneous videofluoroscopy to normal pharyngeal swallows to correlate specific features in the space-time intraluminal pressure structure with physiological events and normal deglutitive transsphincteric bolus flow to define normal biomechanical properties of the pharyngo-esophageal (PE) segment. Pressures were recorded by microperfused catheter, and the two-dimensional space-time data sets were plotted as isocontours. On these were superimposed bolus trajectories, anatomic segment movements, and hyo-laryngeal trajectories from concurrent videofluoroscopy. Correlation of the highly reproducible space-time-pressure structure with radiographic images confirmed that primary deglutitive PE segment functions (pressure profile, laryngeal elevation, axial sphincter motion, timing of relaxation, contraction) are accurately discernible from single isocontour pressure visualization. Pressure during bolus flow was highly dependent on axial location within PE segment and time instant. The intrabolus pressure domain, corresponding to the space-time region between bolus head and tail trajectories, demonstrated significant bolus volume dependence. High-resolution manometry accurately, comprehensively, and highly reproducibly depicts the PE segment space-time-pressure structure and specific physiological events related to upper esophageal sphincter opening and transsphincteric flow during normal swallowing. Intrabolus pressure variations are highly dependent on position within the PE segment and time.

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Kern, Mark, Francis O. Edeani, Shaina M. Lynch, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Chris Crumb, and Reza Shaker. "Mo1519 - Machine Learning Techniques for Classifying High Resolution Manometric Isocontours." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6 (May 2018): S—738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(18)32570-8.

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9

Collins, C., G. Penn, and S. Carpendale. "Bubble Sets: Revealing Set Relations with Isocontours over Existing Visualizations." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, no. 6 (November 2009): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2009.122.

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10

Poethkow, Kai, Christoph Petz, and Hans-Christian Hege. "APPROXIMATE LEVEL-CROSSING PROBABILITIES FOR INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION OF UNCERTAIN ISOCONTOURS." International Journal for Uncertainty Quantification 3, no. 2 (2013): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/int.j.uncertaintyquantification.2012003958.

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11

Gavrovska, Ana, Milorad Paskaš, Vladimir Kovačević, and Irini Reljin. "Renal DMSA scan morphology analysis using undecimated wavelet transform and isocontours." International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems 5, no. 1 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijris.2013.055123.

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12

Ture, Hayati, and Temel Kayikcioglu. "Accurate Detection of Distorted Pectoral Muscle in Mammograms Using Specific Patterned Isocontours." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 147370–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015286.

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13

Rajwade, A., A. Banerjee, and A. Rangarajan. "Probability Density Estimation Using Isocontours and Isosurfaces: Applications to Information-Theoretic Image Registration." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 31, no. 3 (March 2009): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2008.97.

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14

Panagiotakis, Costas, and Eleni Kokinou. "Unsupervised detection of topographic highs with arbitrary basal shapes based on volume evolution of isocontours." Computers & Geosciences 102 (May 2017): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.02.004.

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15

Phu, Jack, Sieu K. Khuu, Lisa Nivison-Smith, Barbara Zangerl, Agnes Yiu Jeung Choi, Bryan W. Jones, Rebecca L. Pfeiffer, Robert E. Marc, and Michael Kalloniatis. "Pattern Recognition Analysis Reveals Unique Contrast Sensitivity Isocontours Using Static Perimetry Thresholds Across the Visual Field." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 58, no. 11 (October 13, 2017): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-22371.

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16

Oueslati, Fakher, Brahim Ben Beya, and Taieb Lili. "Some Aspects of the Three-Dimensional Double-Diffusive Natural Convection in a Parallelepipedic Tilted Solar Distiller." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 2015): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.55.47.

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Three-dimensional double-diffusive natural convection in a parallelepipedic solar distiller inclined with an angle is investigated in the current study. Computations are performed using a home code “NASIM” based on the finite volume method and a full multigrid technique. It is found that iso-surfaces relative to temperature field undergo a central stratification while the lower and upper gradients seem to be significantly strengthened by gradually increasing the Rayleigh number values. In terms of buoyancy ratio effects, projection of thermal and solutal isocontours at the mid plane (y=1) showed that the flow intensity is significantly enhanced by monotonously increasing N for aiding flow situation (N>0). In addition, and according to all Rayleigh number values, the variation of average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers seem to be minimum for N=-1 with weaker values for opposing flow situation. On another hand, isosurfaces of the transverse v-velocity component showed the importance of the 3-D effects that manifest within the solar distiller.

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Noever, David, Laurent Sibille, Raymond Cronise, Subbiah Baskaran, and Arlon Hunt. "Neural net formulations for organically modified, hydrophobic silica aerogel." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 7 (July 1997): 1837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0252.

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Organic modification of aerogel chemical formulations is known to transfer desirable hydrophobicity to lightweight solids. However, the effects of chemical modification on other material constants such as elasticity, compliance, and sound dampening present a difficult optimization problem. Here a statistical treatment of a 9-variable optimization is accomplished with multiple regression and an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN shows 95% prediction success for the entire data set of elasticity, compared to a multidimensional linear regression which shows a maximum correlation coefficient, R = 0.782. In this case, using the Number of Categories Criterion for the standard multiple regression, traditional statistical methods can distinguish fewer than 1.83 categories (high and low elasticity) and cannot group or cluster the data to give more refined partitions. A nonlinear surface requires at least three categories (high, low, and medium elasticities) to define its curvature. To predict best and worst gellation conditions, organic modification is most consistent with changed elasticity for sterically large groups and high hydroxyl concentrations per unit surface area. The isocontours for best silica and hydroxyl concentration have a complex saddle, the geometrical structure of which would elude a simple experimental design based on usual gradient descent methods for finding optimum.

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18

Shrivastava, Shaurya, and Theresa Saxton-Fox. "Correlation between Large-Scale Streamwise Velocity Features and the Height of Coherent Vortices in a Turbulent Boundary Layer." Fluids 6, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6080286.

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The preferential organisation of coherent vortices in a turbulent boundary layer in relation to local large-scale streamwise velocity features was investigated. Coherent vortices were identified in the wake region using the Triple Decomposition Method (originally proposed by Kolář) from 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) data of a canonical turbulent boundary layer. Two different approaches, based on conditional averaging and quantitative statistical analysis, were used to analyze the data. The large-scale streamwise velocity field was first conditionally averaged on the height of the detected coherent vortices and a change in the sign of the average large scale streamwise fluctuating velocity was seen depending on the height of the vortex core. A correlation coefficient was then defined to quantify this relationship between the height of coherent vortices and local large-scale streamwise fluctuating velocity. Both of these results indicated a strong negative correlation in the wake region of the boundary layer between vortex height and large-scale velocity. The relationship between vortex height and full large-scale velocity isocontours was also studied and a conceptual model based on the findings of the study was proposed. The results served to relate the hairpin vortex model of Adrian et al. to the scale interaction results reported by Mathis et al., and Chung and McKeon.

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19

Spina, Benedetta, Cristiano Porciani, and Carlo Schimd. "The H i–halo mass relation at redshift z ∼ 1 from the Minkowski functionals of 21-cm intensity maps." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 3492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1555.

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ABSTRACT The mean and the scatter of the H i content of a dark matter halo as a function of the halo mass are useful statistics that can be used to test models of structure and galaxy formation. We investigate the possibility of constraining this H i–halo mass relation (HIHMR) from intensity maps of the redshifted 21-cm line. In particular, we use the geometry and topology of the brightness-temperature isocontours in a single frequency channel as quantified by the Minkowski functionals. First, we generate mock maps from a large N-body simulation considering the impact of thermal noise and foreground removal. We then use the Fisher information formalism to forecast constraints on a parametric model for the HIHMR. We consider a 20 000 deg2 survey (originally proposed for dark energy science) conducted with the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 (SKA-1) MID observatory operating in single-dish mode. For a channel bandwidth of 2 MHz, we show that an integration time of a few$\, \times \, 10^4$ s per pointing is sufficient to image the smoothed H i distribution at redshift z ≃ 1 and to measure the HIHMR in a nearly optimal way from the Minkowski functionals. Tighter constraints on some of the parameters can be obtained by using also an independent measurement of the mean H i density. Combining the results from different frequency channels provides exquisite constraints on the evolution of the HIHMR, especially in the central frequency range of the data cube.

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20

Pal, Anupam, Rohan B. Williams, Ian J. Cook, and James G. Brasseur. "Intrabolus pressure gradient identifies pathological constriction in the upper esophageal sphincter during flow." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 285, no. 5 (November 2003): G1037—G1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00030.2003.

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Propulsion of a bolus through the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is driven by a pressure drop in the direction of flow against frictional resisting force. Basic mechanics suggest that the axial rate of drop in intrabolus pressure (IBP), i.e., the intrabolus pressure gradient (IBPG), should be locally sensitive to abnormal constriction. We sought to quantify space-time patterns of IBP and IBPG that correlate with pathological disruption to transsphincteric bolus transport. High-resolution high-fidelity perfused manometry was applied concurrent with videofluoroscopy in 6 healthy controls and 10 patients with restricted UES opening and 4 bolus volumes. Pressures were interpolated spatially and displayed as space-time isocontours with bolus head and tail trajectories superimposed to identify the IBP domain. IBP and IBPG were averaged over an approximately steady period of transsphincteric flow. The axial location and magnitude of maximum IBPG were quantified for each swallow relative to the location of the abnormal restriction. We found that average hypopharyngeal IBP and locally maximal IBPG were significantly higher in the patient group ( P < 0.001), whereas the maximum IBPG was insensitive to bolus volume, and the locations of maximum IBPG in the patient group were well correlated with axial locations of maximal UES constriction ( r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Space-time structure of IBP and IBPG correlated qualitatively with swallow dysfunction. Because IBPG reflects pressure force driving the bolus against frictional force in the UES, IBPG reflects local changes in frictional resistance from pathological constriction during bolus flow. Consequently, the location and magnitude of IBPG reflect the existence and location of abnormal constriction, and IBP and IBPG structure reflect decompensation of the pharyngeal swallow.

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21

Gillet, N., L. Huder, and J. Aubert. "A reduced stochastic model of core surface dynamics based on geodynamo simulations." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 522–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz313.

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SUMMARYWe make use of recent geodynamo simulations to propose a reduced stochastic model of the dynamics at the surface of Earth’s core. On decadal and longer periods, this model replicates the most energetic eigen directions of the geodynamo computation. Towards shorter timescales, it proposes a compensation for weaknesses of these simulations. This model furthermore accounts for the signature, in the geomagnetic secular variation, of errors of representativeness associated with unresolved processes. We incorporate the reduced stochastic model into a geomagnetic data assimilation algorithm—an augmented state ensemble Kalman filter—and apply it to re-analyse magnetic field changes over the period 1880–2015. Errors of representativeness appear to be responsible for an important fraction of the observed changes in the secular variation, as it is the case in the dynamo simulation.Recovered core surface motions are primarily symmetric with respect to the equator. We observe the persistence of the eccentric westward gyre over the whole studied era and vortices that partly follow isocontours of the radial magnetic field at the core surface. Our flow models provide a good fit to decadal changes in the length-of-day and predict its interannual variations over the period 1940–2005. The largest core flow acceleration patterns are found in an equatorial belt below 10° in latitude and are associated with non-axisymmetric features. No systematic longitudinal drift of acceleration patterns is found, even over the past decades where satellite data are available. The acceleration of the high-latitude westward jet in the Pacific hemisphere is, during the satellite era, a factor 5 smaller than previously reported and its structure shows some evidence for equatorial asymmetry. The era of continuous satellite records provides enhanced contrast on the rapid core flow variations. The proposed assimilation algorithm offers the prospect of evaluating Earth-likeness of geodynamo simulations.

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22

Scobioala, Sergiu, Christopher Kittel, Heidi Wolters, Sebastian Huss, Khaled Elsayad, Robert Seifert, Lars Stegger, et al. "Diagnostic efficiency of hybrid imaging using PSMA ligands, PET/CT, PET/MRI and MRI in identifying malignant prostate lesions." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 35, no. 5 (March 19, 2021): 628–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-021-01606-7.

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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and multiparametric (mp)MRI for the delineating of dominant intraprostatic lesions (IPL). Materials and methods 35 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who were assigned to definitive radiotherapy (RT) were divided into three groups based on imaging techniques: 68Ga-PSMA-PET/MRI (n = 9), 18F-PSMA-PET/CT (n = 16) and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (n = 10). All patients without PSMA-PET/MRI received an additional mpMRI. PSMA-PET-based automatic isocontours and manual contours of the dominant IPLs were generated for each modality. The biopsy results were then used to validate whether any of the prostate biopsies were positive in the marked lesion using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Youden index (YI), sensitivity and specificity. Factors that can predict the accuracy of IPLs contouring were analysed. Results Diagnostic performance was significantly superior both for manual and automatic IPLs contouring using 68Ga-PSMA-PET/MRI (DSC/YI SUV70%—0.62/0.51), 18F-PSMA-PET/CT (DSC/YI SUV70%—0.67/0.53) or 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (DSC/YI SUV70%—0.63/0.51) compared to mpMRI (DSC/YI—0.47/0.41; p < 0.001). The accuracy for delineating IPLs was not improved by combination of PET/CT and mpMRI images compared to PET/CT alone. Significantly superior diagnostic accuracy was found for large prostate lesions (at least 15% from the prostate volume) and higher Gleason score (at least 7b) comparing to smaller lesions with lower GS. Conclusion IPL localization was significantly improved when using PSMA-imaging procedures compared to mpMRI. No significant difference for delineating IPLs was found between hybrid method PSMA-PET/MRI and PSMA-PET/CT. PSMA-based imaging technique should be considered for the diagnostics of IPLs and focal treatment modality.

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23

Souayeh, Basma, Nader Ben-Cheikh, and Brahim Ben-Beya. "Periodic behavior flow of three-dimensional natural convection in a titled obstructed cubical enclosure." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 9 (September 4, 2017): 2030–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2016-0096.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine numerically the three natural convection of air induced by temperature difference between a cold outer cubic enclosure and a hot inner cylinder. Simulations have been carried out for Rayleigh numbers ranging from 103 to 107 and titled angle of the enclosure from 0° to 90°. The developed mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of continuity, momentum and energy, and is solved by finite volume method. The effects of cylinder inclination and Rayleigh number on fluid flow and heat transfer are presented. The distribution of isocontours of temperature and isosurfaces of velocity eventually reaches a steady state in the range of Rayleigh numbers between 103 and 107 for titled inclination of 90°; however, for the remaining inclinations, Rayleigh number must be in the range 103-106 to avoid unsteady state, which is manifested by the division of the area containing the maximum local heat transfer rate into three parts for a Rayleigh number equal to 107 and an inclination of 90°. We mention that instability study is not included in the present paper, which is solely devoted to three-dimensional calculations. Results also indicate that optimal average heat transfer rate is obtained for both high Rayleigh number of 106 and high inclination of 90° for the two cases of the inner cylinder and cubical enclosure. Design/methodology/approach The manuscript deals with prediction of the three-dimensional natural convection phenomena in a cubical cavity induced by an isothermal cylinder at the center with different inclinations by simulating the flow using highly numerical methods such as finite volume method. Findings It is found that the local Nusselt number through active walls for titled inclination set at 90°, the symmetry of the flow is conserved and the area containing the maximum heat transfer is divided into three smaller areas situated near the upper portion of the wall, taking the maximum value. That may be due to the preparation of local occurrence of instabilities and bifurcation phenomena that appear for Ra > 107, which is not included in the present paper to save journal space. It was found also that an optimal heat transfer appears when the cylinder orientation becomes vertical (a = 90°). For this inclination, buoyancy forces act upward, corresponding to an aiding situation. In addition, heat transfer rate is increasing with Rayleigh numbers, so correlations of average Nusselt through the cubical cavity and the cylinder are established as function of two parameters (Ra, a). Comparisons of the numerical results with those obtained from all correlations show good agreements. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, studies have thus far adressed three-dimensional cuboids enclosures induced by an inner shape which the location is changed. However, no study has examined three-dimensional natural convection between the inner isothermal cylinder and outer cooled cubical enclosure when the outer enclosure is tilted.

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24

Gallivanone, F., C. Canevari, L. Gianolli, C. Salvatore, P. A. Della Rosa, M. C. Gilardi, and I. Castiglioni. "A Partial Volume Effect Correction Tailored for18F-FDG-PET Oncological Studies." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/780458.

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We have developed, optimized, and validated a method for partial volume effect (PVE) correction of oncological lesions in positron emission tomography (PET) clinical studies, based on recovery coefficients (RC) and on PET measurements of lesion-to-background ratio (L/Bm) and of lesion metabolic volume. An operator-independent technique, based on an optimised threshold of the maximum lesion uptake, allows to define an isocontour around the lesion on PET images in order to measure both lesion radioactivity uptake and lesion metabolic volume. RC are experimentally derived from PET measurements of hot spheres in hot background, miming oncological lesions. RC were obtained as a function of PET measured sphere-to-background ratio and PET measured sphere metabolic volume, both resulting from the threshold-isocontour technique. PVE correction of lesions of a diameter ranging from 10 mm to 40 mm and for measuredL/Bmfrom 2 to 30 was performed using measured RC curves tailored at answering the need to quantify a large variety of real oncological lesions by means of PET. Validation of the PVE correction method resulted to be accurate (>89%) in clinical realistic conditions for lesion diameter > 1 cm, recovering >76% of radioactivity for lesion diameter < 1 cm. Results from patient studies showed that the proposed PVE correction method is suitable and feasible and has an impact on a clinical environment.

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Kern, Mark, Francis O. Edeani, Shaina M. Lynch, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Chris Crumb, and Reza Shaker. "Tu1621 - Ineffective Esophageal Motility Manometric Isocontour Analysis: Spatiotemporal Differences from Healthy Controls." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6 (May 2018): S—971—S—972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33265-7.

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Krishnan K, Raghesh, and Sudhakar Radhakrishnan. "Focal and diffused liver disease classification from ultrasound images based on isocontour segmentation." IET Image Processing 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2014.0202.

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Williams, Rohan B., Anupam Pal, James G. Brasseur, and Ian J. Cook. "Isocontour interpolation from high resolution perfusion manometry applied to the pharyngoesophageal segment during swallowing." Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 2000): A409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)83748-8.

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Caravani, K., T. Jarema, A. Kazi, R. Murry, and G. Godwin. "EP-1684 Radiation isocontour levels for shielding considerations of the Varian Halcyon linear accelerator." Radiotherapy and Oncology 133 (April 2019): S904—S905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32104-8.

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Kovacic, Karlo, Mark Kern, Patrick Sanvanson, Krupa Patel, Navjit Lehal, and Reza Shaker. "Tu1407 EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL NEURAL STIMULATION ON ESOPHAGEAL MANOMETRIC ISOCONTOUR MAPS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS." Gastroenterology 158, no. 6 (May 2020): S—1093—S—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(20)33410-7.

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Lee, Hyunjong, Jin Chul Paeng, Sung Hwan Hong, Hye Jin Yoo, Gi Jeong Cheon, Dong Soo Lee, June-Key Chung, and Keon Wook Kang. "Appropriate margin thresholds for isocontour metabolic volumetry of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET in sarcoma." Nuclear Medicine Communications 37, no. 10 (October 2016): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0000000000000561.

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Fofonov, Alexey, Vladimir Molchanov, and Lars Linsen. "Visual Analysis of Multi-Run Spatio-Temporal Simulations Using Isocontour Similarity for Projected Views." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 2037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2498554.

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Balachandran, Suppiah, Stuart Eason, Lynn McGuire, Suzanne Bernard, and Charles Boyd. "Ejection fraction by combined inverse Fourier analysis and second-derivative technique: Correlation with isocontour method." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 12, no. 2 (June 1986): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00364731.

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Zifan, Ali, Sabine Roman, and Ravinder K. Mittal. "Mo1891 Gastric Impedance Isocontour Maps Can Detect Axial Shortening of the Esophagus in Association With Various Esophageal Motor Events." Gastroenterology 146, no. 5 (May 2014): S—683—S—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(14)62481-1.

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Dong, Xunde, Chen Song, and Cong Wang. "Spiral Tip Identification via Deterministic Learning." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419500408.

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A spiral tip can be considered as a wave source, i.e. a wave is sent out after the tip rotates one circle. Therefore, the dynamics of the spiral tip is vital to understand the behavior of spiral waves. In this paper, we study the spiral tip dynamics from a new perspective by using deterministic learning. A Barkley model described by partial differential equations (PDEs) is employed to illustrate the method. It is first transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using finite difference method. Then, the position states of spiral tip are extracted from the spiral wave generated by the transformed Barkley model by using an isocontour method. Finally, with the recurrent trajectory of spiral tip, its dynamics is accurately identified by using the deterministic learning theory. It is shown that the dynamics underlying the periodic or recurrent trajectory of spiral tips can be accurately identified by using the proposed approach. Numerical experiments are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Kern, Mark, Francis O. Edeani, Shaina M. Lynch, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Chris Crumb, and Reza Shaker. "Tu1620 - Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering of Esophageal Body Manometric Isocontour Data: Similartities and Differences Across Four Patient Groups and Healthy Subjects." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6 (May 2018): S—971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33264-5.

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Chiaraviglio, Lucius, and James E. Kirby. "High-Throughput Intracellular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Legionella pneumophila." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 12 (September 21, 2015): 7517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01248-15.

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ABSTRACTLegionella pneumophilais a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen that causes a severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Notably, in the human host, the organism is believed to replicate solely within an intracellular compartment, predominantly within pulmonary macrophages. Consequently, successful therapy is predicated on antimicrobials penetrating into this intracellular growth niche. However, standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods test solely for extracellular growth inhibition. Here, we make use of a high-throughput assay to characterize intracellular growth inhibition activity of known antimicrobials. For select antimicrobials, high-resolution dose-response analysis was then performed to characterize and compare activity levels in both macrophage infection and axenic growth assays. Results support the superiority of several classes of nonpolar antimicrobials in abrogating intracellular growth. Importantly, our assay results show excellent correlations with prior clinical observations of antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, we also show the applicability of high-throughput automation to two- and three-dimensional synergy testing. High-resolution isocontour isobolograms providein vitrosupport for specific combination antimicrobial therapy. Taken together, findings suggest that high-throughput screening technology may be successfully applied to identify and characterize antimicrobials that target bacterial pathogens that make use of an intracellular growth niche.

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Landmann, M., A. Wunderlich, T. Kull, F. M. Mottaghy, S. N. Reske, and G. Glatting. "Internal radionuclide therapy." Nuklearmedizin 45, no. 06 (2006): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625119.

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SummaryAim: Accurate dosimetry must be performed for each patient before therapy with unsealed radionuclides. Recently, the software tool ULMDOS was developed to facilitate planar dosimetric calculations and to support traceability and documentation as a prerequisite for good clinical practice. Here, the extended version of ULMDOS for processing of tomographic data is presented. Methods: ULMDOS is developed in IDL 6.1 (Interactive Data Language) under Windows XP/2000. Serial tomographic data can be loaded in an ECAT7 or DICOM format, and presented as maximum intensity projection. The definition of volumes of interest is supported by various tools (e.g., freehand, isocontour, polygon), region growing, and cluster analysis. Residence times are calculated from fits of the time activity data to exponential functions. Results, discussion: Quantitative 3-dimensional data allow performing a more individualized dosimetry, as problems due to organ overlay, insufficient attenuation and scatter correction in the planar approach can be avoided. For traceability, documentation, retrospective examination and later processing all data can be saved in binary or ASCII format. Dosimetric calculations can be conducted within a single environment, thus it spares the time-consuming transfer of data between different software tools.

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Ghoneim, Adam Yehudi. "The Meshfree Interface Finite Element Method for Numerical Simulation of Dendritic Solidification with Fluid Flow." International Journal of Computational Methods 15, no. 07 (October 12, 2018): 1850057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500573.

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In this paper, we use the newly proposed meshfree interface finite element method (MIFEM) for numerical simulation of dendritic solidification with fluid flow. In the MIFEM, meshfree points without connectivity are imposed directly at the zero-isocontour of an implicit function defining the interface which is allowed to arbitrarily intersect the finite elements. The MIFEM utilizes the constructed interface points for meshfree solution of a variational level set equation based on the Ginzburg–Landau energy functional minimization such that the reinitialization procedure is completely eliminated. To account for inter-element discontinuities, field variables at interface-embedded elements are computed by extending the approximation using the meshfree interface points as additional degrees of freedom directly corresponding to the interface. This is achieved by meshfree interpolation at the interface region via radial basis functions which inherently satisfies the Kronecker-delta and the partition of unity conditions allowing for precise and easy imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions at the interface. We use the MIFEM for solving the interfacial evolution equation and the set of mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations describing the dendritic solidification process with fluid flow. Mathematical formulation and implementation to multiple case studies will be presented and discussed.

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Freesmeyer, Martin, Christian Kühnel, and Julian G. Westphal. "Time efficient 124I-PET volumetry in benign thyroid disorders by automatic isocontour procedures: mathematic adjustment using manual contoured measurements in low-dose CT." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 29, no. 1 (September 14, 2014): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-014-0903-0.

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Kern, Mark, Francis O. Edeani, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Shaina M. Lynch, Chris Crumb, and Reza Shaker. "Tu1619 - An Esophageal “Manobank”: Feasibility and Testing of Group HRM Isocontour Pressure Maps of Centrality and Dispersion to Facilitate Comparison Across Individuals and Conditions." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6 (May 2018): S—970—S—971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33263-3.

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Kern, Mark, Gokulakrishnan Balasubramanian, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Dilpesh Agrawal, and Reza Shaker. "Feasibility and Testing of Group HRM Isocontour Maps as a Means to Facilitate Comparison Across Individuals and Conditions: Development of a Learning Comparative "Manobank"." Gastroenterology 152, no. 5 (April 2017): S333—S334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(17)31382-3.

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Kwon, Y. S., J. Philip, C. M. de Silva, N. Hutchins, and J. P. Monty. "The quiescent core of turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 751 (June 18, 2014): 228–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.295.

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AbstractThe identification of uniform momentum zones in wall-turbulence, introduced by Adrian, Meinhart & Tomkins (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1–54) has been applied to turbulent channel flow, revealing a large ‘core’ region having high and uniform velocity magnitude. Examination of the core reveals that it is a region of relatively weak turbulence levels. For channel flow in the range $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}Re_{\tau } = 1000\text {--}4000$, it was found that the ‘core’ is identifiable by regions bounded by the continuous isocontour lines of the streamwise velocity at $0.95U_{CL}$ (95 % of the centreline velocity). A detailed investigation into the properties of the core has revealed it has a large-scale oscillation which is predominantly anti-symmetric with respect to the channel centreline as it moves through the channel, and there is a distinct jump in turbulence statistics as the core boundary is crossed. It is concluded that the edge of the core demarcates a shear layer of relatively intense vorticity such that the interior of the core contains weakly varying, very low-level turbulence (relative to the flow closer to the wall). Although channel flows are generally referred to as ‘fully turbulent’, these findings suggest there exists a relatively large and ‘quiescent’ core region with a boundary qualitatively similar to the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of boundary layers, jets and wakes.

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Huang, Mao, D. S. Hanselman, Pengyuan Yang, and G. M. Hieftje. "Isocontour maps of electron temperature, electron number density and gas kinetic temperature in the Ar inductively coupled plasma obtained by laser-light Thomson and Rayleigh scattering." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 47, no. 6 (June 1992): 765–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(92)80072-o.

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Frohn, J�rgen, Richard P. Baum, Joachim Happ, Stephan Falk, Helmut E. Riemann, and Gustav H�r. "Early immunoscintigraphic localisation of a mediastinal tumour with indium 111-DTPA CEA-specific F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody fragments (BW 431/31) using second tracer isocontour technique." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 17, no. 1-2 (1990): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00819410.

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Kim, Yong-il, Hyung-Jun Im, Jin Chul Paeng, Jae Sung Lee, Jae Seon Eo, Dong Hyun Kim, Euishin E. Kim, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung, and Dong Soo Lee. "Validation of Simple Quantification Methods for 18F-FP-CIT PET Using Automatic Delineation of Volumes of Interest Based on Statistical Probabilistic Anatomical Mapping and Isocontour Margin Setting." Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2012): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13139-012-0159-3.

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Cardinal, René, Guy Rousseau, Caroline Bouchard, Michel Vermeulen, Jean-Gilles Latour, and Pierre L. Pagé. "Myocardial electrical alteration in canine preparations with combined chronic rapid pacing and progressive coronary artery occlusion." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 4 (April 2004): H1496—H1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00679.2003.

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Our objective was to create an animal preparation displaying long-term electrical alterations after chronic regional energetic stress without myocardial scarring. An Ameroid (AM) constrictor was implanted around the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) 2 wk before chronic rapid ventricular pacing (CRP) was initiated at 240 beats/min for 4 wk (CRP-AM). Comparisons were made with healthy canines and canines with either AM or CRP. Unipolar electrograms were recorded from 191 sites in the LCx territory in open-chest, anesthetized animals during sinus rhythm and while pacing at 120–150 beats/min, with bouts of transient rapid pacing (TRP; 240/min). In CRP-AM and AM, ST segment elevation was identified at central sites and ST depression at peripheral sites, both increasing with TRP. In CRP-AM and CRP, the maximum negative slope of unipolar activation complexes was significantly depressed and activation-recovery intervals prolonged. Areas of inexcitability as well as irregular isocontour patterns displaying localized activation-recovery intervals shortening and gradients >20 ms between neighboring sites were identified in one-third of CRP-AM at slow rate, with increasing incidence and magnitude in response to TRP. In CRP-AM, programmed stimulation-induced marked conduction delay and block as well as polymorphic ventricular tachycardias, which stabilized into monomorphic tachycardias with the use of lidocaine or procainamide. Whole cell Na+ current and channel protein expression were reduced in CRP-AM and CRP. Despite complete constrictor closure, small areas of necrosis were detected in a minority of CRP-AM. Long-term electrical alterations and their exacerbation by TRP contribute to arrhythmia formation in collateral-dependent myocardium subjected to chronic tachycardic stress.

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LAKSHMIPATHY, JAGANNATHAN, WIESLAW L. NOWINSKI, and ERIC A. WERNERT. "TEMPLATE-BASED ISOCONTOURING." International Journal of Image and Graphics 06, no. 02 (April 2006): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467806002197.

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Different isocontour extraction methods use different cell types (tetrahedral, hexahedral, etc.) depending on the nature of the acquisition grids (structured, unstructured, etc.). The existing isocontouring methods have the following pre-steps for the actual extraction process: (a) identification of cell types, (b) identification of topologically independent instances for each cell type, (c) determination of surface primitives contained in the topologically independent instances and (d) generation of a lookup table such that the name of the entry is an instance of a cell and the entry is the triangle set for that instance. The extraction process outputs the triangles from the lookup table. In this paper we present a novel generic method that enables us to list topologically independent surface primitives called "templates" within any n-polytope cell namely tetrahedra, hexahedra etc. We have also modified the traditional lookup table such that name is the cell instance and the entry is face index representations of all template instances contained in that cell. To show an example, we have applied this approach on a hexahedron and listed the templates and subsequently we have showed how to construct a lookup table. Most modern graphics hardware render triangles faster if they are rendered collectively as triangle strips as opposed to individual triangles. With our modified lookup table approach we can identify triangles in the neighboring cell in a linear time and hence we are able to connect two triangle strips into a longer triangle strip on the fly during the extraction process. We have compared our approach with some existing methods. The following are some of the important features of the method: (1) Simplicity, (2) procedural triangulation and (3) face-index representation.

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Bastiaannet, E., J. R. De Jong, A. H. Brouwers, A. J. Suurmeijer, and H. J. Hoekstra. "The prognostic value of FDG-PET measured by standardized uptake value in patients with melanoma stage III evaluated in a prospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20000-e20000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20000.

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e20000 Background: FDG-PET is a sensitive modality to detect melanoma metastases; melanomas are typically FDG-avid and melanoma shows an unpredictable pattern of spread. Furthermore, FDG-PET is able to quantify FDG uptake and the amount of FDG uptake, measured by the standardized uptake value (SUV), might be important for the prediction of disease specific survival (DSS) or disease free survival (DFS). Therefore, aim of this study was to perform a prospective analysis to determine whether SUV is of prognostic value in the DFS and DSS of melanoma patients with palpable lymph node metastases. Methods: From July 2002 until December 2007, all consecutive patients with palpable, histology or cytology proven lymph node metastases of melanoma referred to the University Medical Centre Groningen for examination with FDG-PET were prospectively included. The SUVmean (70% isocontour) and SUVmax in the lymph node metastasis were calculated for patients who showed no distant metastases on chest X-Ray, FDG-PET and CT. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis was performed to determine whether SUV was associated with DFS and DSS (Cox Proportional Hazard analysis). Results: Overall, 70 patients were eligible. High SUV values were present in axillary metastases (p=0.118), in patients who had more than 15 nodes removed (p=0.061) and in patients with a large tumor size in the lymph node (p=0.0001). Patients with a low SUVmean had a 3-years DFS of 54.3% as compared to 28.1% for patients with a high SUVmean (HR 2.02;p=0.051). In multivariate analysis SUVmean seems to be associated with DFS (p=0.063). DSS for patients with a high SUV was decreased, however not statistically significant (HR 1.71; p=0.182). Conclusions: The SUV in the lymph node metastasis seems to be associated with disease-free survival for melanoma patients clinically stage III. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Kern, Mark, Patrick Sanvanson, Ling Mei, Francis O. Edeani, Dilpesh Agrawal, Krupa Patel, Elliot S. Yu, and Reza Shaker. "Sa191 NORMALIZED IMPEDANCE ISOCONTOUR DATA IN PATIENTS WITH INEFFECTIVE ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY (IEM) EXHIBIT BOLUS RETENTION PROXIMAL ESOPAHGUS AS WELL AS GLOBALLY LOWER BASELINE IMPEDANCE VALUES COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS." Gastroenterology 160, no. 6 (May 2021): S—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(21)01804-7.

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De Jong, W. K., H. F. Van der Heijden, J. Pruim, W. J. Oyen, and H. J. Groen. "Prognostic value of different standard uptake values (SUV) of primary tumor measured with FDG-PET in resectable non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 7214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7214.

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7214 Background: The SUV is a measure for the preferential uptake of a radiopharmaceutical in a tumor compared with a homogenous distribution in a body. SUV can be based on the maximum value (SUVmax) or on the mean value in a region outlined by isodensity contours, e.g., 70% and 50%. The prognostic value of the different SUVs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not clear. We evaluated the prognostic value of SUVmax, SUV 70% and SUV 50% in patients (pts) with resectable NSCLC. Methods: All consecutive pts who underwent an attenuation corrected whole body FDG-PET scan were selected. All data were reconstructed iteratively. Only pts with stage I through IIIA NSCLC were included. By adjusting the isocontour in the region of interest, the SUVmax, SUV 70% and SUV 50% of the primary tumor were calculated. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the relation between the different SUVs and survival. Results: Eighty-four pts (67 males, median age 64 years, range 38–86) were included. Histology was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 43), adenocarcinoma (n = 27), large cell carcinoma (n = 13), and 1 patient with bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Nineteen pts had stage IA, 28 stage IB, 4 stage IIA, 19 stage IIB, and 14 stage IIIA. Median (range) SUVmax, SUV 70%, and SUV 50% were 6.9 (1.6–32.5), 5.5 (1.0–23.2), and 4.5 (0.9–21.9), respectively. Analysis of residuals of SUVmax as a continuous variable suggests no cut-off point and no indication of time-dependency. By univariate analysis, all pts with a SUV higher than the median value had a worse survival than pts with a SUV lower than median (Hazard ratio’s for SUVmax, SUV70% and SUV 50% were 2.3 (p = 0.024), 2.5 (p = 0.015), and 2.7 (p = 0.010), respectively). Conclusions: SUVmax, SUV 70% and SUV 50% measured with FDG-PET have a similar prognostic impact. No cut-off point for SUVmax has been observed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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