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1
Guseva, Anna, Ilnar Akhtiamov, and Rezeda Akhtiamova. "Research institutes in the 21st century: opportunities for architects." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127401007.
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Regarding the accelerated innovation in the 21st century, the article suggests modifying the spatial principles of Research Institutes as isolated institutions. The 21st century Research Institute should reflect the increasing levels of openness and security in modern information exchange methods. Thus, the Institute reveals invisible information processes in the physical urban environment, becoming the urban centre of innovation, a new workplace and leisure centre, as well as a catalyst for enhancing the city’s sustainability. The article analyses the historical paradigm of effective methods for introducing innovation to the urban environment, as well as modern socio-economic needs of innovative research institutes in the city. As a result, a unique organizational structure and functional programme of a new Research Institute are suggested. The Institute directly participates in enhancing the urban environment and forming a new lifestyle of the city dwellers. New spatial principles of such buildings are also proposed, updating the architectural typology of Research Institutes in the 21st century. Due to the increased interaction with the urban environment, the Research Institute and the city are mutually transformed. This contributes both to increasing the Institute’s efficiency and raising the city’s economic potential and life quality.
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Burg, Maurice B. "Origins of Isolated Tubule Microperfusion Methodology." Physiology 3, no. 4 (1988): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1988.3.4.176.
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Understanding of renal function has been facilitated by the technique of perfusion of isolated renal tubule segments in vitro. The basic technology originated in the Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism of the National Institutes of Health in the early 1960s and then was expanded to apply a variety of analytical methods to single tubules.
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Medic, Deana, Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina, Vera Gusman, Zora Jelesic, and Biljana Milosavljevic. "Carbapenems resistance of Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from wound swabs during 2009-2010." Medical review 64, no. 11-12 (2011): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1112583m.
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Introduction. Acinetobacter spp has become an important cause of nosocomial infections due to its great ability to survive and spread in a hospital setting and to develop resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to examine the resistance to carbapenems and other commonly used antibiotics in strains of Acinetobacter isolated from wound swabs. Material and Methods. In the Laboratories of Microbiology Center at the Institute for Public Health in Novi Sad wound swabs were taken from the patients hospitalized at the Institutes and Departments of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. A total of 271 Acinetobacter spp strains were tested to susceptibility on carbapenems and other most commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method according to the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results and Discussion. Acinetobacter spp (271 isolates) developed resistance to imipenem and meropenem (67.4% and 64.4%). The resistance to both cephalosporins III and IV generation and ciprofloxacin was 100%. The resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam was 71.4%. Conclusion. Our results show high resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from wound swabs. These facts suggest the need for continuous monitoring of susceptibility in order to take adequate measures to prevent and control spreading of resistant strains.
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Van den Bossche, An, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Sarah Denayer, et al. "Outbreak of Central American born Shigella sonnei in two youth camps in Belgium in the summer of 2019." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 40, no. 7 (2021): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04164-y.
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AbstractIn 2019, an outbreak of Shigella sonnei occurred during two youth camps in Belgium. The clustering of isolates from both camps was confirmed by next-generation sequencing, as well as a secondary infection of a technician. The outbreak strain clustered with internationally isolated strains from patients with recent travel history to Central America. This report exemplifies enhanced surveillance and international collaboration between public health institutes by enabling to link local outbreaks to region-specific sublineages circulating abroad.
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Siniscalchi, Antonio, Piergiorgio Lochner, Paolo Perrotta, Stefano Rizzuto, Giovambattista De Sarro, and Luca Gallelli. "Isolated Hand Palsy in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): Is It Useful?" Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 19, no. 3 (2018): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2018.2.37654.
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Swehla, Alyssa, Abhay K. Pandey, and Ramakrishnan M. Nair. "Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean." Indian Phytopathology 73, no. 4 (2020): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42360-020-00288-x.
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AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.
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Sharma, Sruti, Vishal Kumar, Raman Sharma, and Sameer Aggarwal. "Burden of isolated clavicle fractures at tertiary care healthcare centre: a look into registry." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 6, no. 3 (2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20201724.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Clavicle is one of the common bones to undergo fractures with incidence rate higher in second to third decade of one’s life as well as in elderly age. Management of these clavicle fractures have always been a subject of debate, where literature have been advocating both non-operative as well as operative methods.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conceived to know the burden of these isolated clavicle fracture cases reporting to tertiary level healthcare institute of North India and to study about their management pattern.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> During the five years study duration (2014-2018), a total of 38 patients had reported to the trauma centre of the institute. Out of total, males had more preponderance 77% (29) and incidences were reported more in younger population. All patients were managed well by opting conservative measures, besides deformity had been reported in 2 (5.26%) patients. 3 (7.9%) patients had reported with complaints of pain, weakness while doing work, fatigue and pain when lying on the affected shoulder None of the patient was managed by open reduction and fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study concludes that the number of patients having isolated clavicle fracture are not contributing to any sort of burden at tertiary level institutes and are not even time consuming.</p>
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Mashkina, Olga Anatolevna. "Shaping a new model for school teachers training in modern China." Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2013-3-108-123.
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Chinese Institutes for teachers’ training with its special characteristics different from classical higher schools formed at the 30th of XX c. Being isolated closed system it failed to reorganize in accordance with new social-economic demands of changing Chinese society during the reforms оf the end of XX c. The article analyzes factors that condition the appearance of new variable forms of teachers’ training in modern China.
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Denier, C., O. Chassin, C. Vandendries, et al. "Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients with Isolated Aphasia." Cerebrovascular Diseases 41, no. 3-4 (2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442303.
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Background: Data about evolution of aphasia following stroke are rare and controversial especially following fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to describe the early clinical patterns of isolated aphasia in consecutive stroke patients with or without thrombolysis. Methods: Clinical and radiological data of consecutive stroke patients were routinely entered in prospective registry. Patients were considered aphasic when NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) item 9 >0. ‘Isolated aphasia' was defined by aphasic patients without motor limb deficit. We created a ‘composite language score' obtained by summing the NIHSS items 1b, 1c and 9, which reflects language-processing ability. Recovery of functions was evaluated as measured by global NIHSS, composite language score and language screening test (LAST) at baseline, H24 and day 7 (D7). ‘Mild deficit' was defined as global NIHSS <5. Results: A total of 100 consecutive patients met study criteria for isolated aphasia. Twenty-five underwent thrombolysis and 75 did not. There was no difference between the 2 groups concerning demographic characteristics, involved territories and presence of arterial occlusion, initial median NIHSS, composite language and LAST scores at entrance. Evolution was significantly better in thrombolysed patient for the 3 testings: NIHSS, composite language score and LAST at D7 (respective p = 0.0002; p = 0.01 and p = 0.004). Similar results were found when we focused on the subgroups of patients with initial ‘mild' deficits (p = 0.01; p = 0.0003 and p = 0.007). No symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred following thrombolysis. Conclusion: These data strongly suggest that thrombolysis is safe and effective in patients with ‘isolated aphasia,' even if the global NIHSS score is <5.
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Mohammed, Mamoun Jassim, Suphian Mohammed Tariq, and Hayder Ayad. "Isolated Arabic handwritten words recognition using EHD and HOG methods." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp801-808.
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<span>Handwriting recognition is a growing field of study in computer vision, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition technology aimed to recognizing texts and handwritings of hefty amount of produced official documents and paper works by institutes or governments. Using computer to distinguish and make these documents accessible and approachable is the goal of these efforts. Moreover, recognition of text has accomplished practically a major progress in many domains such as security sector and e-government structure and more. A system for recognition text’s handwriting was presented here relied on edge histogram descriptor (EHD), histogram of orientated gradients (HOG) features extraction and support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier is proposed in this paper. HOG and EHD give an optimal features of the Arabic hand-written text by extracting the directional properties of the text. Besides that, SVM is a most common machine learning classifier that obtaining an essential classification results within various kernel functions. The experimental evaluation is carried out for Arabic handwritten images from IESK-ArDB database using HOG, EHD features and proposed work provides 85% recognition rate.</span>
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Fomina, N. A., O. Yu Antonova, I. G. Chukhina, et al. "Nomenclatural standards, voucher specimens and genetic passports of potato cultivars created in the Siberian and Ural breeding centers." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 3, no. 4 (2021): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2020-4-o3.
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The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.
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Founds, Sandra A. "Introducing Systems Biology for Nursing Science." Biological Research For Nursing 11, no. 1 (2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800409331893.
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Systems biology expands on general systems theory as the ``omics'' era rapidly progresses. Although systems biology has been institutionalized as an interdisciplinary framework in the biosciences, it is not yet apparent in nursing. This article introduces systems biology for nursing science by presenting an overview of the theory. This framework for the study of organisms from molecular to environmental levels includes iterations of computational modeling, experimentation, and theory building. Synthesis of complex biological processes as whole systems rather than isolated parts is emphasized. Pros and cons of systems biology are discussed, and relevance of systems biology to nursing is described. Nursing research involving molecular, physiological, or biobehavioral questions may be guided by and contribute to the developing science of systems biology. Nurse scientists can proactively incorporate systems biology into their investigations as a framework for advancing the interdisciplinary science of human health care. Systems biology has the potential to advance the research and practice goals of the National Institute for Nursing Research in the National Institutes of Health Roadmap initiative.
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Strambo, Davide, Bruno Bartolini, Valérie Beaud, et al. "Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis of Isolated Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion." Stroke 51, no. 1 (2020): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.026907.
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Background and Purpose— We investigated efficacy and safety of acute revascularization with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) in ischemic stroke from isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion, by assessing recanalization, disability, visual, cognitive outcomes, and hemorrhagic complications. Methods— For this retrospective single-center cohort study, we selected all consecutive patients with stroke with isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne registry between January 2003 and July 2018, and compared (1) IVT with conservative treatment (CTr) and (2) EVT to best medical therapy (BMT, ie, CTr or IVT) in terms of 3-month disability and visual field defect, and cognitive domains impaired after stroke. Unadjusted analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and propensity score matched analyses were performed. Results— Among 106 patients with isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion, 21 received EVT (13 bridging), 34 IVT alone, and 51 CTr. Median age was 76 years, 47% were female and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 7. Complete 24-hour recanalization was more frequent with IVT than CTr (51% versus 9%; OR [95% CI]=10.62 [2.13–52.92]) and with EVT compared with BMT (68% versus 34%; OR [95% CI]=4.11 [1.35–12.53]). Higher proportions of good disability, visual and cognitive outcomes were observed in IVT versus CTr, adj ORs (95% CI)=1.65 (0.60−4.52), 2.01 (0.58−7.01), 2.94 (0.35−24.4), respectively, and in EVT versus BMT, adj ORs (95% CI)=1.44 (0.51−4.10), 4.28 (1.00−18.29), 4.37 (0.72−26.53), respectively. Hemorrhagic complications and mortality did not increase with IVT or EVT. Conclusion s—We show increased odds of recanalization following IVT and even higher after EVT. We observed a trend for a positive effect on disability, visual, and cognitive outcomes with IVT over CTr and with EVT over BMT.
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Aaron, Sanjith, Divyan Pancharatnam, and Amal Al Hashmi. "Acute isolated anterior cerebral artery infarcts: A clinical – radiological study." Neurology Asia 26, no. 3 (2021): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54029/2021yks.
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Background: The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies many eloquent areas and can have anatomical variations making ACA strokes clinically and radiologically challenging. This study looks at the clinical and radiological features of isolated acute ACA strokes from a stroke centre in Oman. Methods: A retrospective study conducted over a 2 year period on ACA strokes presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset. TOAST classification was used for aetiology. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to assess stroke severity. Fischer’s classification was used for assessing the arterial segments with CT angiogram. Heidelberg Bleeding Classification was used for haemorrhagic conversion. Results: Isolated ACA strokes constituted 25/1180 (2.1 %) of ischemic strokes. Males 15/25 (60%) Mean age was 68.4 years (Range 42 -97 years). Twenty eight percent of patients had earlier strokes. Hemiparesis (68%) was the commonest clinical presentation. Twenty percent had only lower limb weakness. Hypertension 22/25 (88%) followed by diabetes mellitus 12/25 (48%) was the commonest risk factor. The mean NIHSS was 9 (range 3 to 13). In 36% of patients there was progression of stroke. Plain CT Picked the infarct only in 6/24 (25%). Left side involvement in 18/25 (72%) Artery of Hubner was involved in 6/25 (24%); 44% had an embolic aetiology. There was no mortality and at discharge, 11/25 (44%) had mRS3 or less. Conclusions: In acute ACA infarcts a CT scan can miss the diagnosis in 74%. An embolic aetiology has to be considered in any Isolated ACA stroke and the outcome appears to be good.
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de Castro-Afonso, Luís Henrique, Guilherme Seizem Nakiri, Lucas Moretti Monsignore, et al. "Endovascular Reperfusion for Acute Isolated Cervical Carotid Occlusions: The Concept of “Hemodynamic Thrombectomy”." Interventional Neurology 8, no. 1 (2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493021.
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Background/Aims: Endovascular treatment improves the outcomes of patients presenting with acute large vessel occlusions. Isolated proximal carotid occlusions presenting with hemodynamic ischemic stroke may probably also benefit from endovascular treatment. We aimed to assess the clinical and radiological data findings on patients who underwent endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke related to an isolated cervical carotid artery occlusion. Methods: Of a consecutive series of 223 patients who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke and were treated by thrombectomy, we included 9 patients with isolated cervical internal carotid occlusions. Results: The mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 11.8. Complete carotid recanalization was achieved in 5 of the 9 patients (55.5%). In 2 patients, vertebral angioplasty was performed to improve the collateral flow. All patients had a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score of 3 at the end of the procedures. A good neurological outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at the 3-month follow-up, was observed in 6 patients (66.7%). No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages or deaths occurred during the 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The endovascular recanalization of isolated cervical carotid occlusions presenting with acute ischemic stroke symptoms is feasible. Because isolated cervical carotid occlusions are associated with hemodynamic ischemic symptoms, if carotid recanalization cannot be achieved, stenting other cervical arteries’ stenoses, with a focus on intracranial flow improvement, appears to be a reasonable strategy. Large controlled studies are necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of recanalization of acute isolated cervical carotid occlusions.
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Hanafi, Yusuf. "Bias-bias Dikotomi dalam Buku Ajar Matakuliah Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum." ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 6, no. 1 (2014): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2011.6.1.153-167.
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The kind of Islamic sciences being taught in many higher education institutes in Indonesia is that which tends to make students isolated from their world. These Islamic sciences in themselves are kind of separation from the religious and worldly, Islamic and secular. This dichotomous character had inflicted upon the students mentality, who in turn become equally dichotomous in their attitude, and way of thinking. This paper tries to explore this, and attempts to seek the best way in which the dichotomous curriculum can be replaced with the integrative one. It argues that, like the nature of Islam, religious sciences cannot be separated from the non-religious ones. The one must work hand in hand with the other so that. The paper addresses specifically the dilemmas intrinsic within the text book used by many higher religious institutes in the country called “Reorientasi Pendidikan Islam: Menuju Pengembangan Kepribadian Insan Kamil”. The book—we argue—directs the students to adopt a single identity, disregarding therefore the multi and diverse racial, religious and even cultural background of the students. The paper is simply about a warning of the danger of the implication that the book can come up.
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Saito, Reiko, Yadanar Kyaw, Yi Yi Myint, Clyde Dapat, Go Hasegawa, and Makoto Naito. "Influenza Project in Myanmar." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 5 (2014): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0842.
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The epidemiological study of influenza in Southeast Asia is limited. We surveyed influenza in Myanmar from 2007 to 2013. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients in the two cities of Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw. Samples were screened using rapid influenza diagnostic kits and identified by virus isolation. Isolates were characterized by cyclingprobe-based real-time PCR, drug susceptibility assay, and sequencing. Samples collected numbered 5,173, from which 1,686 influenza viruses were isolated during the seven-year study period. Of these, 187 strains were of seasonal influenza A(H1N1), 274 of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 791 of influenza A(H3N2), and 434 of influenza B. Interestingly, two zanamivir and amantadine-resistant strains each were detected in 2007 and 2008. These rare dual-resistant strains had a Q136K mutation in the NA protein and S31N substitution in the M2 protein. Our collaboration raised the influenza surveillance laboratory capacity in Myanmar and led Yangon’s National Health Laboratory – one of the nation’s leading research institutes – to being designated a National Influenza Center by the World Health Organization.
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Bruzzi, Silvia. "Per una storia incrociata tra l’Italia e la Libia: Il percorso dell’etnologa e arabista Ester Panetta (1894-1983)." Studi Magrebini 18, no. 1 (2020): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340017.
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Abstract This paper is a contribution to the entangled history between Italy and Libya through the trajectory life of Ester Panetta (1894-1983), a leading scholar who devoted her life to develop the knowledge of the language, history and cultures of Libya. After her Arabic and colonial studies at the Oriental Institutes in Naples and in Paris, she lived in Libya until the outbreak of the Second World War when she definitively came back to Italy. Her experience as single woman in colonial lands is not isolated at all, as the stories of single women crossing the territory of the Empire as travellers, teachers and missionaries testify.
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Zadeh, Naser Sabourian, Maryam Naderi Farsani, and Masoume Ahmadi. "Predictors of Language Learners’ Preferences for Isolated/Integrated FFI: Big Five NEO-FFI Personality Traits." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 4 (2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n4p153.
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<p>With regard to increasing attention to focus on form in English language teaching, there has been a call for an integration of meaning-focused and form-focused instruction in the second language (L2) classroom. In this regard, this study is an attempt to examine the cross-relationship between Big Five personality traits (namely Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and EFL leaners’ preferences for two types of form-focused Instruction (FFI). The data is collected from 236 Iranian male and female who were EFL learners of different language institutes in Tehran, Iran. Participants were supposed to fill out the adopted Persian version of NEO-FFI personality trait inventory and Students’ preferences questionnaire. To substantiate a correlation between participants’ preferences for isolated/integrated FFI and Big Five personality traits, using 16th version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the Chi-square analysis was employed. The results indicated a significant relationship (<em>χ</em><sup>2</sup>(4, n=236)=44.99, p=.001). The results are discussed in the light of this general findings and the study also provides some suggestions for future research.</p>
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Zhao, Feng-li, Dong-hua Mi, Chang-qing Zhang, et al. "A cohort study of isolated brainstem infarction based on head MR imaging and clinical findings." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 12 (2018): 4974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518788253.
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Objective The prognosis of patients with isolated brainstem infarction (BSI) differs on an individual patient basis. This study was undertaken to analyze the influences of different imaging and clinical features with the prognosis of patients with BSI. Methods The study population was derived from a multicenter study of intracranial atherosclerosis in China. In the present study, 300 patients were selected who had experienced non-cardiogenic brain stem infarction within the prior 7 days. Evaluations included clinical characteristics, location and size of the brainstem infarction, and whether the infarction was located in multiple perforating branches of the brainstem. Poor prognosis was defined as the presence of disability within 1 year from the onset of disease. Results In total, 281 patients were followed up at 1 year post-infarction. Of these 281 patients, 84 (29.9%) exhibited disability at 1 year; these patients showed a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6 on admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with BSI located in the territory of multiple perforating arteries, who were discharged without administration of statins, showed a poor 1-year prognosis. Conclusion Isolated BSI involving multiple perforating arteries, without statin medication at discharge, indicated poor prognosis for patients with BSI.
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Barredo, Julio C., Meenakshi Devidas, Stephen J. Lauer, et al. "Isolated CNS Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Intensive Systemic Chemotherapy and Delayed CNS Radiation: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 19 (2006): 3142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.03.3373.
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Purpose Prognosis and outcome of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has depended on duration of first complete remission (CR1). This study intensified systemic therapy by delaying CNS radiation for 12 months and tailored CNS radiation by CR1 duration. Patients and Methods Seventy-six children with first isolated CNS relapse of ALL were treated with systemic chemotherapy that effectively penetrates into the CSF and intrathecal chemotherapy for 12 months. Patients with CR1 of less than 18 months received craniospinal radiation (24 Gy cranial/15 Gy spinal), whereas those with CR1 of 18 months or more received cranial radiation only (18 Gy), followed by maintenance chemotherapy. Additionally, asymptomatic patients were enrolled in a thiotepa up-front therapeutic window. Results Seventy-four (97.4%) of 76 eligible patients achieved a second remission. Overall 4-year event-free survival (EFS) for the 71 precursor B-cell patients was 70.1% ± 5.8%. CR1 duration and National Cancer Institute (NCI; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) risk group at initial diagnosis predicted outcome. Patients with CR1 of less than 18 months and 18 months or more had a 4-year EFS of 51.6% ± 11.3% and 77.7% ± 6.4% (P = .027), respectively. NCI high- versus standard-risk 4-year EFS was 51.4% ± 10.8% and 80.2% ± 6.3% (P = .0018), respectively. A significant difference in EFS between standard risk/CR1 of at least 18 months and both high risk/CR1 of less than 18 months and high risk/CR1 of at least 18 months groups was detected (P = .0068 and .0314, respectively). Response rate to thiotepa was 78%. Most relapses involved the bone marrow, and three second malignancies were reported. Conclusion Twelve months of intensive systemic chemotherapy with reduced dose cranial radiation (18 Gy) is highly effective for children with isolated CNS relapse and CR1 of 18 months or more. Novel strategies are needed for patients with CR1 of less than 18 months.
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Man, Honghao, Yuhua Bi, Yongpeng Yu, et al. "Associated factors of early neurological deterioration in isolated acute lacunar infarction in basal ganglia." Journal of Neurorestoratology 7, no. 2 (2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/jnr.2019.9040007.
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Objective:To investigate, in basal ganglia, the factors associated with early neurological deterioration (END) of isolated acute lacunar infarction.Methods:167 patients, in the retrospective group, with isolated acute lacunar infarction in basal ganglia, were defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) defined early neurological deterioration as increases of ≥ 2 within 72 hours following admission. Baseline variables predicting END were investigated with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the study, END occurred in 42 (25.15%) patients. Lesions located in posterior limb of internal capsule were independent risk factors for END (P < 0.01). Associated with END were the age of onset, history of cerebral infarction, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure at admission and lesions of cerebral white matter. This presented significant differences (P < 0.05). With or without diabetes and different lesion location at varying layers and inter-layers, single-factor and multi-factor analysis revealed no effect on the association between positive ENT and age, history of stroke, white matter. Previous history of stroke, pathological changes of white matter, and age of onset, correlates with END which showed significant difference (P < 0.05).Conclusions:There is a close relationship between the lesion location and other related factors, such as lesions of cerebral white matter, history of cerebral infarction, history of diabetes and age, etc. and END in patients with isolated acute lacunar infarction in basal ganglia. Protective factors of END included age ≥ 65, high systolic pressure, stroke history, cerebral white matter lesions in our study.
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Tsuji, Akiyoshi, Intetsu Kobayashi, Toyoko Oguri, Matsuhisa Inoue, Eiko Yabuuchi, and Sachiko Goto. "An epidemiological study of the susceptibility and frequency of multiple-drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at medical institutes nationwide in Japan." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 11, no. 2 (2005): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-005-0377-z.
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Gochermann, Josef, and Sandra Bense. "Enhancement of Knowledge through Circulation in Networks of R&D Institutions and Companies." Industry and Higher Education 18, no. 5 (2004): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000042317355.
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Companies and R&D institutions increasingly collaborate not only in isolated projects but also in knowledge-based networks. In those networks, participants combine expertise and applied problems to generate both ‘problem-solving knowledge’ and specialized knowledge: during the process of common problem-solving each partner acquires some of the specialized knowledge of the other partners as well as the newly generated problem-solving knowledge. This article examines the basic principles involved and provides a simple mathematical description of the step-by-step accumulation of knowledge through the solving of applied problems in a knowledge-based network. The rate of increase of the total amount of available knowledge in the network is derived and implications for the orientation of R&D institutes and companies are set out.
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El-Mitwalli, Ashraf, Mohamed Saad, Ioannis Christou, Marc Malkoff, and Andrei V. Alexandrov. "Clinical and Sonographic Patterns of Tandem ICA / MCA Occlusion in TPA Treated Patients." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (2001): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.349.
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P54 Background: The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) has limited ability to identify clot location in the anterior circulation. We describe clinical and sonographic patterns that are associated with tandem ICA and MCA occlusions. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) were studied. Pre-treatment NIHSS scores and bedside transcranial Doppler (TCD) were obtained in all patients. Results: A total of 95 patients treated with iv TPA at 132±60 minutes from stroke onset were studied: 48 had isolated MCA occlusion (mean NIHSS 16.8±5.8, median 17 points, range 5–28); and 16 had tandem ICA/MCA occlusion (mean NIHSS 18.8±5.8, median 22 points, range 8–29, ns). Patients with tandem occlusions had NIHSS scores similar to isolated MCA occlusion. In both groups, respectively, 19% and 11% had NIHSS scores less than 12 points. Lower NIHSS scores were attributable to partial arm and/or leg paresis, higher number of collateral channels and low resistance flow at the M1 origin suggesting perfusion of perforating arteries on TCD. Although TCD can not differentiate between high grade ICA stenosis or occlusion, collateral flow patterns and stenotic signals at the terminal ICA identified tandem lesions from isolated MCA occlusion (p<0.01) with no false positive results at subsequent angiography (n=12). Conclusions: Tandem ICA/MCA occlusion was found in 17% of all iv TPA treated patients. NIHSS scores were similar in patients with isolated MCA and tandem occlusions. TCD can be used to accurately identify patients with tandem lesions. Collateral flow and patent perforators are associated with lower NIHSS scores.
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Nakajima, Tatsuhiro. "Think outside the box! Jung, Lévi-Strauss, and postcolonialism (individual, society, and institutes): spectrum of psychology and sociology." International Journal of Jungian Studies 10, no. 3 (2018): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409052.2018.1507803.
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The resemblance between Claude Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism and Carl Jung’s theory of the archetypes of the collective unconscious has been occasionally discussed. However, Lévi-Strauss followed the foundation of Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, stressing the group dynamics of structural anthropology, whereas Jung’s psychology is an individual psychology. Jung employed myths as a series of images to interpret symbols of the collective unconscious, whereas Lévi-Strauss adopted theories of linguistics to analyse myths as narratives. From Lévi-Strauss’s point of view, a single cultural complex cannot be isolated from other groups of cultural complexes, as they are relational with regard to the exchange of symbols and signs. Lévi-Strauss’s comparison of the European and Native American twin mythology is a case study of the cultural complex when it is read from the perspective of Jungian psychology. How can we approach the mythology that is not one’s own culture? Do we impose our own mythology onto others’? Or do we analyse them more objectively as systems of thought? The trickster, for example, is a discourse by Western culture about Western culture, and it has a very different meaning for Native American people. With a prophetic warning to future generations, Lévi-Strauss died in 2009 – his centennial year.
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Hardiman, C. A., R. A. Weingarten, S. Conlan, et al. "Horizontal Transfer of Carbapenemase-Encoding Plasmids and Comparison with Hospital Epidemiology Data." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 8 (2016): 4910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00014-16.
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ABSTRACTCarbapenemase-producing organisms have spread worldwide, and infections with these bacteria cause significant morbidity. Horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying genes that encode carbapenemases plays an important role in the spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Here we investigate parameters regulating conjugation using anEscherichia colilaboratory strain that lacks plasmids or restriction enzyme modification systems as a recipient and also using patient isolates as donors and recipients. Because conjugation is tightly regulated, we performed a systematic analysis of the transfer ofKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (blaKPC)-encoding plasmids into multiple strains under different environmental conditions to investigate critical variables. We used fourblaKPC-carrying plasmids isolated from patient strains obtained from two hospitals: pKpQIL and pKPC-47e from the National Institutes of Health, and pKPC_UVA01 and pKPC_UVA02 from the University of Virginia. Plasmid transfer frequency differed substantially between different donor and recipient pairs, and the frequency was influenced by plasmid content, temperature, and substrate, in addition to donor and recipient strain. pKPC-47e was attenuated in conjugation efficiency across all conditions tested. Despite its presence in multiple clinical species, pKPC_UVA01 had lower conjugation efficiencies than pKpQIL into recipient strains. The conjugation frequency of these plasmids intoK. pneumoniaeandE. colipatient isolates ranged widely without a clear correlation with clinical epidemiological data. Our results highlight the importance of each variable examined in these controlled experiments. Thein vitromodels did not reliably predict plasmid mobilization observed in a patient population, indicating that further studies are needed to understand the most important variables affecting horizontal transferin vivo.
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Contreras, Azalia, John Vitale, Virginia Hutchins-Carroll, Edward J. Carroll, and Steven B. Oppenheimer. "Exogenous hyalin and sea urchin gastrulation. Part III: Biological activity of hyalin isolated from Lytechinus pictus embryos." Zygote 16, no. 4 (2008): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719940800484x.
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SummaryHyalin is a large glycoprotein, consisting of the hyalin repeat domain and non-repeated regions, and is the major component of the hyaline layer in the early sea urchin embryo of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The hyalin repeat domain has been identified in proteins from organisms as diverse as bacteria, sea urchins, worms, flies, mice and humans. While the specific function of hyalin and the hyalin repeat domain is incompletely understood, many studies suggest that it has a functional role in adhesive interactions. In part I of this series, we showed that hyalin isolated from the sea urchin S. purpuratus blocked archenteron elongation and attachment to the blastocoel roof occurring during gastrulation in S. purpuratus embryos, (Razinia et al., 2007). The cellular interactions that occur in the sea urchin, recognized by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as a model system, may provide insights into adhesive interactions that occur in human health and disease. In part II of this series, we showed that S. purpuratus hyalin heterospecifically blocked archenteron–ectoderm interaction in Lytechinus pictus embryos (Alvarez et al., 2007). In the current study, we have isolated hyalin from the sea urchin L. pictus and demonstrated that L. pictus hyalin homospecifically blocks archenteron–ectoderm interaction, suggesting a general role for this glycoprotein in mediating a specific set of adhesive interactions. We also found one major difference in hyalin activity in the two sea urchin species involving hyalin influence on gastrulation invagination.
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Kuznetsov, Alexandr, and Roman Novikov. "The Criminological and Legal Aspects of Using the Deferral of Punishment." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 6 (2020): 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(6).834-844.
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The institute of the deferral of punishment is one of the steadily developing institutes of contemporary criminal law in the Russian Federation that reflects a trend for the humanization of punishment, the economy of repressive criminal law measures, and for widening the list of measures and sanctions alternative to punishment. The relevance of the key aspects of research presented in the article is connected with the fact that the evolution of the institute of deferral of punishment in the doctrine of criminal law gives rise to a number of discussions both about the legal nature of this institute, its role and place among other criminal law measures, and the specific features of its application in the practice of law enforcement. Deferral of punishment is a socially relevant institute in Russian criminal law aimed at the correction of convicts without severing their socially relevant links. The impact of the requirements of international legislation on reducing the number of persons isolated from society and a wide use of alternative punishments in Russia have lead to a wider application of the deferral of punishment. The authors analyze specific aspects of the legal regulation of the deferral of punishment, study the criminologically relevant characteristics of persons to whom this criminal law measure is applied, as well as the law enforcement practice of appointing and enforcing the deferral of punishment. They present the results of surveying 250 convicts, and also of interviewing 300 employees of the penitentiary system, who ensure compliance with the requirements of law on the deferral of punishment in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, such as the Udmurt Republic, the Bashkortostan Republic, Kurgan Region, Kirov Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Chelyabinsk Region and Perm Region. The research also includes the analysis of departmental and court statistics, federal legislation and departmental normative acts. The conducted research allowed the authors to present their suggestions on improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation that regulates the penitentiary sphere.
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Stefanik, Joshua J., Tuhina Neogi, Jingbo Niu, et al. "The Diagnostic Performance of Anterior Knee Pain and Activity-related Pain in Identifying Knees with Structural Damage in the Patellofemoral Joint: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 8 (2014): 1695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131555.
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Objective.To determine the diagnostic test performance of location of pain and activity-related pain in identifying knees with patellofemoral joint (PFJ) structural damage.Methods.The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a US National Institutes of Health-funded cohort study of older adults with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis. Subjects identified painful areas around the knee on a knee pain map and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to assess pain with stairs and walking on level ground. Cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions were assessed from knee magnetic resonance imaging. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for presence of anterior knee pain (AKP), pain with stairs, absence of pain while walking on level ground, and combinations of tests in discriminating knees with isolated PFJ structural damage from those with isolated tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) or no structural damage. Knees with mixed PFJ/TFJ damage were removed from our analyses because of the inability to determine which compartment was causing pain.Results.There were 407 knees that met our inclusion criteria. “Any” AKP had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 53%; and if AKP was the only area of pain, the sensitivity dropped to 27% but specificity rose to 81%. Absence of moderate pain with walking on level ground had the greatest sensitivity (93%) but poor specificity (13%). The combination of “isolated” AKP and moderate pain with stairs had poor sensitivity (9%) but the greatest specificity (97%) of strategies tested.Conclusion.Commonly used questions purported to identify knees with PFJ structural damage do not identify this condition with great accuracy.
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Zhang, Juan, Zuo Jun Li, Bin Bai, and Lei Zhang. "Analysis and Simulation of Air Drag in Vehicles Close-Following." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1438.
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Vehicles drag reductions arising from close spacing are studied and verified by some research institutes. But this solution was queried by an experiment carried in RMIT University in 2006. Based on two standard Ahmed Bodies, Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) method is used to study this problem in this paper. The calculation results by comparing four different CFD turbulence models show that the drag coefficient of the rear car is more than the lead car, and even more than the isolated car when the space of these two cars is less than one time of car length. Furthermore, the calculate results of these four turbulence models show that the standard model is the best model to simulate this problem, and different far field condition will influence the calculate results much more. Therefore, the research of this paper verifies that drag reductions from close spacing still need to be studied.
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Zerhouni, Bouchra, Julie A. E. Nelson, and Kunal Saha. "Isolation of CD4-Independent Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates That Are Syncytium Inducing and Acutely Cytopathic for CD8+ Lymphocytes." Journal of Virology 78, no. 3 (2004): 1243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.3.1243-1255.2004.
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ABSTRACT Previous studies have established the existence of CD4-independent simian immunodeficiency virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), and laboratory strains of HIV-1. However, whether CD4-independent viruses may also exist in HIV-1-infected patients has remained unclear. We have recently reported the isolation of viruses from an AIDS patient that were able to infect CD8+ cells independent of CD4, using CD8 as a receptor. Using a similar approach, here we examined viruses from 12 randomly selected patients (obtained from the AIDS Research and Reference Program, National Institutes of Health) for the presence of CD4-independent HIV-1. CD4-independent variants were isolated from infected CD8+ cells from the viral quasispecies of 7 of 12 patients. The CD4-independent isolates were able to infect primary CD8+ cells as well as a CD4− CD8+ T-cell line. Soluble CD4 and blocking anti-CD4 or -CD8 antibody had no effect on infection of CD8+ cells. Remarkably, two of the seven CD4-independent isolates, but not their parental bulk viruses, induced syncytia and caused acute death of infected CD8+ cells. Some of the CD4-independent variants were also able to infect U87 cells that were negative for CD4, CD8, and common HIV coreceptors, suggesting a novel entry mechanism for these isolates. The CD4-independent isolates were derived from adults and children infected with subtypes A, B, and D. Although no common motif for CD4 independence was found, novel sequence changes were observed in critical areas of the envelopes of the CD4-independent viruses. These results demonstrate that HIV-1-infected patients can frequently harbor viruses that are able to mediate CD4-independent infection of CD8+ cells. In addition, this study also provides evidence of primary HIV-1 variants that are syncytium inducing and acutely cytopathic for CD8+ lymphocytes.
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Miyata, Yasuhiko, Yuki Kojima, Hiroyuki Nakamura, et al. "Single-Institute Surveillance of Blood-Stream Infections by Stenotrophomas Maltophilia Among Patients with Hematological Diseases." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 4694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4694.4694.
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Abstract Abstract 4694 Introduction: Patients with hematological disease are often immunocompromised due to intensive chemotherapy, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and immunosuppressive therapy. Broad-spectrum anti-bacterial drugs were frequently given to those patients as an empiric therapy during a chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressive phase, which causes problematic emergence of drug-resistant strain and microbial substitution. Chemotherapy-induced disturbance of mucosa membrane barrier and skin barrier damage by central venous catheter (CVC) insertion gives pathogens an easy access to blood stream and a chance to develop blood-stream infections (BSIs). Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) has been reported to emerge as frequent offenders of immunocompromised patients, especially those with hematological diseases and prolonged neutropenia. S. maltophiliais known to possess a high-level intrinsic resistance to variety of anti-bacterial drugs, including higher-generation cephalosporins and carbapenemes. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify clinical characteristics of S. maltophilia BSIs such as drug sensitivity to properly treat immunocompromised patients with BSIs due to S. maltophilia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients who admitted at department of hematology in our institute and from whose blood culuture (BC) or CVC culture (CC) S. maltophilia was isolated during 8 years from September 2003. Samples with positivity within two weeks are counted as a single case. Results: Among 5478 samples of BC and 258 samples of CC submitted to the laboratory, pathogens were isolated from 645 samples (11.8%) of BC and 74 samples (29.8%) of CC. Among positive samples, S. maltophilia was isolated from 52 samples (8.1%) of BC and 9 samples (11.7%) of CC. S. maltophilia was the third most frequent pathogens, next to Staphylococcus epidermidis (23.6% in BC, 29.9% in CC) and Candida (23.6% in BC, 29.9% in CC). This samples occupied 75.8% of 69 BC samples and 52.9% of CC samples among all S. maltophilia positive samples within our institute during the same period. Among these 61 samples, 60 samples (40 cases) were during treatment for hematological malignancies (25 cases AML, 8 cases ALL, 5 cases malignant lymphoma, one case MDS and multiple myeloma). 21 cases were in CR and 6 cases were after allogenic HSCT. Treatment before fever onset was; 6 cases allogenic HSCT, 14 cases AML type, 8 cases ALL type, 3 cases CHOP-like and 3 cases oral agents. CVC was inserted to all patients except a MM patient. CVC culture was submitted in 18 cases of all BC cases and 7 cases (38.9%) were positive. Either BC or CC was positive in 31 cases and 3 cases, respectively. In 7 patients, repeated BC positivity was observed with interval from 22 days to one year 9 months (median 128 days). Most cases were given higher-generation cepharosporins and carbapenems before fever onset, 12 case and 6 cases respectively. Before obtaining samples, cephalosporins and carbapenems were given to 25 cases and 20 cases, respectively. Treatment against S. maltophilia was; 17 cases drawal of CVC, 17 cases minomycline (MINO), 16 cases ceftazidime (CAZ), 10 cases quinolones, 6 cases SMX/TMP (ST) and 6 cases borad-spectrum drugs. Senvitivities of isolated S. maltophilia were; ST 61/61, MINO 61/61, quinolone (levofloxacin:LVFX) 60/61, CAZ 44/61. Only 2 cases (2 patients) died due to S. maltophilia BSIs. Discussion: Our data also shows that patients with hematological malignancies, especially AML and ALL, or after allogenic HSCT, are highly immunocompromised and predisposed to S. maltophilia. Althought high mortality rates around 20% among cancer patients with S. maltophilia infection are reported recently, our series shows only 5% of mortality. Recent resistance to those antbiotics, including ST, was reported but sensitivity test showed our series held high sensitivity to MINO/CAZ/LVFX. Our lower mortality rate could be due to treatment with CAZ/ LVFX. It is reasonable that those patients were still in neutropenic phase and needed be treated aganist other bacterium simultaneously. Although ST was given in only limited cases, none of isolates were resistant to ST. It might be important to identify sensitivities of S. maltophilia isolated in own institutes and choose sensitive agents when S. maltophilia might be a presumable pathogen. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Meira, L. M. R., T. M. Barbosa, J. T. Jales, A. N. Santos, and R. A. Gama. "Insects Associated to Crime Scenes in the Northeast of Brazil: Consolidation of Collaboration Between Entomologists and Criminal Investigation Institutes." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 4 (2020): 1012–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa040.
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Abstract In Brazil, many studies on Forensic Entomology analyze the activity and succession of flies in animal models. Data on human corpses are always collected and evaluated in isolated cases. This study aimed to list the insect species associated with crime scenes investigated by the Technical-Scientific Institute of criminal expertise of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (ITEP-RN), in the Northeast of Brazil, a region exposed to high homicide rates. In total, 10 cases were investigated, of which 50% were in the initial stage of decomposition. The examined bodies were colonized by species of three orders of insects, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. The order Diptera represented 96% of the total insects, being represented by the following species: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Cochliomyia macellaria, (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae); Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae); and unidentified females of the Sarcophagidae family. Among beetles, the occurrence of Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), and Onthophagus sp. (Scarabaeidae), as well as unidentified specimens of the families Tenebrionidae and Histeridae were recorded. In addition, specimens of Ectatomma sp. (Formicidae) were also recorded. Considering that the Rio Grande do Norte state presents a high homicide rate and the last cadaver study was conducted over a decade ago, these records update the list of species associated with cadaveric decomposition and contribute to consolidate forensic entomology in the Northeast region.
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Costalat, Vincent, Igor Lima Maldonado, Jean-Baptiste Zerlauth, et al. "Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: Six-Year Experience in a Single-Center Series of 42 Consecutive Patients With Acute and Mid-Term Results." Neurosurgery 67, no. 6 (2010): 1505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f7ef1f.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The limitations of the medical management of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis encourage the development of new therapeutic strategies such as intracranial stenting. OBJECTIVE: To report and analyze the results of a series of 42 patients treated with 3 different endovascular techniques: isolated angioplasty, balloon-expandable coronary stents, and the Wingspan self-expandable intracranial stent system. METHODS: Forty-two patients presenting with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis were treated with one of these techniques. Computed tomography angiography was performed 6 months after the procedure, and the clinical neurological statuses were categorized using the modified Rankin Scale and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. RESULTS: A total of 42 lesions were treated: 9 with isolated angioplasty, 14 with balloon-expandable coronary stents, and 19 with Wingspan self-expandable intracranial stents. The mean patient age was 62.9 years, and the mean arterial diameter stenosis was 73.9%. Technical success was achieved in 97.6% of the patients. The overall incidence of procedural complications was 21.4%, and the postoperative permanent morbidity/mortality rate was 7.1%. There were 3 cases of in-stent thrombosis (1 fatal) and 5 cases of asymptomatic restenosis (11.9%), 3 in the isolated angioplasty group and 2 in the Wingspan self-expandable intracranial stent group (mean follow-up 20.4 months). The rate of restenosis was higher in the angioplasty group (33%) than in the coronary (0%) and Wingspan stent (10.5%) groups. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of symptomatic intracranial stenosis has significant overall morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, the very critical natural history of severe refractory lesions and the relatively favorable postoperative evolution suggest that it should be considered the first alternative strategy in cases in which medical therapy has failed.
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Volpin, Andrea, Mohamed Sukeik, Sulaiman Alazzawi, and Fares Sami Haddad. "Aggressive Early Debridement in Treatment of Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Hip and Knee Replacements." Open Orthopaedics Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001610010669.
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Background:Periprosthetic Joint Infection Remains a Dreaded Complication After Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery.Treatment Options for Acute Postoperative and Acute Hematogenous Infections Include Arthroscopic or Open Debridement With Retention or Exchange of the Prostheses. This Review Article Aims to Summarize the Evidence for Management of Acute Postoperative And Acute Hematogenous Infections.Methods:A Systematic Literature Search Was Performed Using a Computer-based Search Engine Covering Medline (OvidSP), PubMed Database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar for Relevant Articles.Results:Common Themes Around Treatment of Acute Postoperative and Acute Hematogenous Infections Discussed in this Review Include the Timing of Intervention, Description of the Optimal Procedure and How we Perform it at our Institution, the Role of Arthroscopic Debridement, Most Commonly Isolated Micro-organisms and Prognostic Factors for Infection Control.Conclusion:Success in Treating Acute Postoperative and Acute Hematogenous Infections Depends on Early Diagnosis and Aggressive Surgical Debridement Combined With Effective Antibiotic Therapy.
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Kopatch, Yuri, Vadim Novitsky, Gadir Ahmadov, et al. "Measurement of the ROT effect in the neutron induced fission of 235U in the 0.3 eV resonance at a hot source of polarized neutrons." EPJ Web of Conferences 169 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816900010.
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The TRI and ROT asymmetries in fission of heavy nuclei have been extensively studied during more than a decade. The effects were first discovered in the ternary fission in a series of experiments performed at the ILL reactor (Grenoble) by a collaboration of Russian and European institutes, and were carefully measured for a number of fissioning nuclei. Later on, the ROT effect has been observed in the emission of prompt gamma rays and neutrons in fission of 235U and 233U, although its value was an order of magnitude smaller than in the α-particle emission from ternary fission. All experiments performed so far are done with cold polarized neutrons, what assumes a mixture of several spin states, the weights of these states being not well known. The present paper describes the first attempt to get “clean” data by performing the measurement of gamma and neutron asymmetries in an isolated resonance of 235U at the POLI instrument of the FRM2 reactor in Garching.
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Shin, Jeong Hwan, Si Hyun Kim, Haeng Soon Jeong, et al. "Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid using 16s Ribosomal RNA,tuf, andSodAGene Sequencing." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 31, no. 3 (2011): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2010.00073.
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IntroductionCoagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) is the most common pathogen in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)–associated peritonitis. There is no well-organized, standardized database for CoNS, and few studies have used gene sequencing in reporting species distribution in CAPD peritonitis. In the present study, we used 3 housekeeping genes to evaluate the prevalence of CoNS isolated from CAPD peritonitis episodes and to estimate the accuracy of, and the characteristic differences between, these genes for species identification.MethodsAll 51 non-duplicated CoNS isolates obtained from CAPD peritonitis between April 2006 and May 2008 were used. The strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction and by direct sequencing using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), tuf, and sodA genes. We determined species distribution, and using selected databases, we analyzed the characteristics and diagnostic utility of the individual genes for species identification.ResultsIn GenBank (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), we found 49 type or reference strains for CoNS 16S rRNA, 17 for tuf, and 46 for sodA, and we used those data for sequence-similarity comparisons with CAPD isolates. Among our 51 strains, S. epidermidis (66.7%) was the most common, followed by S. haemolyticus (11.8%), S. warneri (7.8%), S. caprae (5.9%), S. capitis (3.9%), and S. pasteuri (2.0%). For 1 strain, different species results were obtained with each gene. The identification rates with 16S rRNA, sodA, and tuf gene sequencing were 84.0%, 96.0%, and 92.2% respectively. The discrimination capability of 16S rRNA gene was lower in a few individual species, and for the sodA gene, the percentage similarity to sequences from reference strains was also lower. The tuf gene had excellent identification capacity, but relatively few type strains are available in public databases. The 16S rRNA gene did not discriminate between S. caprae and S. capitis. The sodA gene showed a similarity rate that was lower than that for sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The tuf type strain sequences for S. caprae and S. pasteuri are not available in public databases.ConclusionsThe sodA, tuf, and 16S rRNA genes were very useful for CoNS identification. Each has its own characteristics of similarity, discriminative power, and inclusion in databases.
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Gong, Hongmin, Libo Zhao, Ge Tang, Yu Chen, Deyu Yang, and Shudong Liu. "The Natural History and Reperfusion Therapy Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Isolated M2 Occlusions." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6626604.
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Objective. Currently, the standard treatment modality for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting with isolated M2 occlusions is not specific. We therefore assessed the difference in treatment outcomes for patients with isolated M2 occlusions. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with AIS presenting with isolated M2 occlusions from October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the treatments they received: no reperfusion therapy (NRT), intravenous thrombolysis treatment (IVT), and endovascular intervention (EVT), which comprised IVT in conjunction with EVT or EVT alone. The primary outcomes were improvements in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 24 hours after treatment compared with the baseline. The secondary efficacy outcome comprised a good outcome rate defined as a 90 − day mRS score ≤ 2 , final infarct volume (FIV), 90-day mortality rate, and successful recanalization rate, which was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score ≥ 2 b . Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and procedure-related complications. Results. Seventy patients were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: the NRT group ( n = 25 ), IVT group ( n = 27 ), and EVT group ( n = 18 ). Twenty-four-hour posttreatment NIHSS scores were substantially decreased by EVT compared with NRT (adjusted β -4.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.60 to -1.43; P = 0.003 ) or IVT (adjusted β , -3.61 [95% CI, -6.45 to -0.77]; P = 0.013 ). Compared with the outcomes observed after NRT, patients who received EVT were more likely to achieve lower 90-day mRS scores (adjusted β , -1.42 [95% CI, -2.66 to -0.63]; P = 0.007 ), higher good outcome rates (adjusted odds ratio, 8.73 [95% CI, 1.43-53.24]; P = 0.019 ), and smaller FIVs (adjusted β , -29.66 [95% CI, -59.73 to 0.42]; P = 0.048 ). The recanalization rate of EVT was high (88.89%), and procedure-related complications were rare (5.56%). Conclusions. For acute, isolated M2 occlusions, EVT could dramatically and rapidly improve neurological deficits with high safety and effectiveness. These changes were observed at 24 hours after treatment and were maintained over the long term.
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Ogunwande, Isiaka A., Tameka M. Walker, and William N. Setzer. "A Review of Aromatic Herbal Plants of Medicinal Importance from Nigeria." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 12 (2007): 1934578X0700201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700201224.
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Nigeria is blessed with a rich source of aromatic flora, many of which have not been previously investigated for their chemical constituents and biological potentials. This flora constitutes a rich source of potential spices or flavoring, ingredients of formulae intended for pharmaceutical administration, and for perfumery. Interestingly, essential oil constituents such as 1,8-cineole, precocene, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one, eugenol, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, α-terpineol and even hitherto uncommon compounds such as zerumbone and rare terpenoid esters have been isolated and characterized from these plants. In addition, some of the studied volatile oils have exhibited biological activities of importance such as antimicrobial and cytotoxicity. The majority of these aromatic plants occur either as perennial or annual herbs which are suitable for cultivation purposes in herbal gardens, traditional medicinal centers, parks, research institutes and forest reserves. This paper presents a review of some of the endemic aromatic and medicinal plants of Nigeria with a view to ascertaining their suitability as raw materials for the pharmaceutical and perfumery applications.
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Asha, Moonmoon Nahar, Atiqur Rahman, Quazi Forhad Quadir, and Md Shahinur Islam. "Isolation and screening of multifunctional rhizobacteria from the selected sites of Madhupur, Narshingdi and Mymensingh, Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2, no. 1 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v2i1.23020.
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A laboratory experiment was performed to isolate some native rhizobacteria that could be used as bioinoculants for sustainable crop production. A total of 43 rhizobacteria were isolated from undisturbed plant rhizosphere soils of three different locations of Bangladesh and evaluated their plant growth promoting traits, both direct and indirect. The study has screened out isolates on the basis of their phosphorous solubilization and nitrogen (N) fixation. The phosphate solubilization assay in National Botanical Research Institute of Phosphate (NBRIP) medium revealed that 12 bacterial isolates were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate and the rhizobacteria M25 showed best performance with a PSI of 3.33 at 5 day. Exactly 47% (20 isolates) of the isolated rhizobacteria were able to grow in N-free Winogradskys medium, which is an indication of potential N2-fixers. Among the 20 potential N-fixers, 15 were able to grow within 24 hours of incubation indicating that they are more efficient in Nfixation. The present study successfully isolated and characterized 43 rhizobacteria. Some of these isolated rhizobacteria have potential plant growth promoting traits and are potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) candidate. Considering all plant growth promoting traits, the isolate F37 was the best followed by M6. However, further experiments are needed to determine the effectiveness of these isolates under in vitro and different field conditions to understand the nature of interaction with the plant and environment.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 1-8, April 2015
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Daigneault, B. W., and K. E. Latham. "146 Tributyltin chloride exposure alters ejaculated bull sperm function and embryo development." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab146.
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Male exposure to environmental toxicants can disrupt spermatogenesis and impair sperm function. However, the consequences of environmentally relevant levels of toxicants to ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa on sperm function and male fertility are not well studied. Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an organotin with historical use as an antifouling agent in paints and is a contaminant of soil and groundwater in the United States. Tributyltin chloride is an endocrine disruptor, is detectable in human cord blood, and has negative effects on female reproduction. We hypothesised that TBT could affect sperm function and thereby affect male fertility. To test our hypothesis, we exposed frozen-thawed bull sperm to environmentally relevant doses of TBT (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100nM) for 90min and then measured sperm motility parameters, fertilisation, and embryo development by IVF. Briefly, frozen-thawed sperm from two bulls were isolated through a 45:90 Percoll gradient, pooled, and then maintained in noncapacitating conditions at 37°C in Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium devoid of bovine serum albumin and HCO3 − for 90min. Vehicle control (VC) samples consisted of 0.1% MeOH. Sperm motility kinematics were objectively measured after the addition of treatment and every 30min thereafter using computer-aided sperm analysis (IVOS System, Hamilton Thorne). Five replicates were evaluated, and differences in motility kinematics were analysed by analysis of variance using SAS statistical software (SAS Institute Inc.). Sperm treated with 100nM TBT displayed decreased total motility (88 vs. 79%), progressive motility (80 vs. 70%), curvilinear velocity (100 vs. 88 µ/s), and beat-cross frequency (38 vs. 34Hz) over 90min compared with the VC samples (P&lt;0.05). No differences (P&gt;0.05) were detected among any other treatments. Following 90min of exposure to TBT 100nM, sperm were washed twice by centrifugation and re-extended in fertilisation medium. Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes were fertilised with 100nM TBT and VC-exposed sperm. Embryo cleavage and 8- to 16-cell embryos were quantified at 48 and 72h, respectively, in three replicates, and results were assessed using chi-square analysis. Embryos fertilised by TBT-exposed sperm had reduced cleavage to 2-cell (80 vs. 62%) and 8- to 16-cell morulae stages (56 vs. 24%, respectively; P&lt;0.05). In summary, although sperm kinematics were decreased in TBT-exposed sperm, gross motility parameters remained within acceptable ranges for IVF, suggesting that sperm motility alone is not a sufficient measure of sperm function or indicator of male fertility. In conclusion, ejaculated bull sperm exposed to environmentally relevant levels of TBT for 90min had reduced sperm motility parameters, impaired sperm function, and reduced embryo development potential. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under award number T32HD087166. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Derynda, Brittany, Mary Goodyear, Jade Kushner, and Nicole Cook. "Technology Adoption Among Seniors During COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts Mental Health and Feelings of Companionship." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3526.
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Abstract Social isolation and lack of companionship, exacerbated by COVID-19 “stay at home” orders, has been an ongoing concern among seniors in the US. Among other strategies, Lifelong Learning Institutes (LLIs) were created to support continuing education for older adults. These programs bring seniors together to encourage engagement through lectures, art and fitness classes in a common space. LLI in South Florida adapted to COVID-19 “stay at home” orders by moving all programming online in March 2020. In May 2020 LLI members, faculty and students designed a research study to understand the experience of LLI members with social isolation and companionship prior to, and during, “stay at home” orders. Responses included 127 members (mean age 75.5). Respondents reported significantly lower social isolation (p&lt;.01) and lack of companionship (p&lt;.01) as a result of “stay at home”. Interestingly, social isolation had no significant explanatory variables. However, significant results (p&lt;.05) showed that seniors who isolated alone were 6.7 times more likely to lack companionship compared to those who isolated with a friend or spouse; seniors who reported they are not tech savvy were 8.3 times more likely to lack companionship compared to those who reported they are tech savvy; and that for every additional day of poor mental health respondents had a 1.15 higher odds of lacking companionship. These results underscore the importance of technology adoption among seniors during times of social isolation and the positive impact this can have on companionship and mental health.
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Labeyrie, Paul-Emile, Hocine Redjem, Raphaël Blanc, et al. "The Capillary Index Score before thrombectomy: an angiographic correlate of favorable outcome." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 11 (2015): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011922.
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Background and purposeThe angiography based Capillary Index Score (CIS) has recently emerged as a potential surrogate marker of cerebral perfusion before intra-arterial thrombolysis. We assessed the prevalence of a favorable CIS (f-CIS) and its relationship with clinical outcome in patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsData from consecutive patients treated by MT from acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion were retrospectively analyzed. CIS was calculated from a pre-intervention cerebral angiogram. Association with favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) at 3 months was assessed in multivariate analysis.Results146 patients were included in the study. f-CIS was observed in 106/146 (72%) patients with an acceptable inter-rater agreement (κ=0.73, p<0.001). It was associated with a lower pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (p=0.014), an isolated M1/M2 occlusion without internal carotid occlusion (p=0.042), and an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) >4 (p=0.004). In binary regression, a favorable outcome was independently associated with f-CIS (OR (−95% CI, +95% CI)=3.8 (1.3 to 10.9), p=0.013), as well as NIHSS (p=0.007), ASPECTS (p=0.005), isolated M1/M2 occlusion (p=0.013), and age (p=0.032). The positive predictive value of f-CIS for a favorable outcome was 67%.Conclusionsf-CIS was strongly associated with a favorable outcome after MT of acute MCA occlusion. As an easy surrogate marker of cerebral perfusion, it may be a useful—albeit not sufficient—diagnostic test to select patients just before an MT or to manage them after recanalization.
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Zerka, Fadila, Samir Barakat, Sean Walsh, et al. "Systematic Review of Privacy-Preserving Distributed Machine Learning From Federated Databases in Health Care." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 4 (September 2020): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.19.00047.
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Big data for health care is one of the potential solutions to deal with the numerous challenges of health care, such as rising cost, aging population, precision medicine, universal health coverage, and the increase of noncommunicable diseases. However, data centralization for big data raises privacy and regulatory concerns. Covered topics include (1) an introduction to privacy of patient data and distributed learning as a potential solution to preserving these data, a description of the legal context for patient data research, and a definition of machine/deep learning concepts; (2) a presentation of the adopted review protocol; (3) a presentation of the search results; and (4) a discussion of the findings, limitations of the review, and future perspectives. Distributed learning from federated databases makes data centralization unnecessary. Distributed algorithms iteratively analyze separate databases, essentially sharing research questions and answers between databases instead of sharing the data. In other words, one can learn from separate and isolated datasets without patient data ever leaving the individual clinical institutes. Distributed learning promises great potential to facilitate big data for medical application, in particular for international consortiums. Our purpose is to review the major implementations of distributed learning in health care.
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WATTS, ROBERT J., and ALAN L. PORTER. "MINING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FOR CORPORATE TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 04, no. 02 (2007): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877007001016.
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An organization's knowledge gained through technical conference attendance is generally isolated to the individual(s) attending the event. The aggregate corporate knowledge is extremely limited, unless the organization institutes a process to document and transfer that knowledge to the organization. Even if such a process exists, the knowledge gains are limited to the experiences and communication skills of the individuals attending the conference. Many conference proceedings are now published and provided to attendees in electronic format, such as on CD-ROM and/or published on the internet, such as IEEE conference proceedings listed at . These proceedings provide a rich repository that can be mined. Paper abstract compilations reflect "hot topics," as defined by the researchers in the field, and delineate the technical approaches being applied. R&D profiling can more fully exploit recorded conference proceedings' research to enhance corporate knowledge. This paper illustrates the potential in profiling conference proceedings through use of WebQL information retrieval and TechOasis (VantagePoint) text mining software. It shows how tracking research patterns and changes over a sequence of conferences can illuminate R&D trends, map dominant issues, and spotlight key research organizations.
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Grigoryan, Larissa, Melanie Goebel, Samuel Willis, et al. "Creating an Outpatient-Specific Antibiogram to Guide Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s182—s183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.717.
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Background: Outpatients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often treated empirically without culture, whereas urine cultures are typically collected from patients with complicated UTI. Susceptibilities for fosfomycin (a first-line agent) are not routinely performed or reported in the antibiogram. Understanding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance for UTI is critical for empiric treatment and antibiotic stewardship in primary care. Methods: We developed a UTI-focused antibiogram from a prospective sample of outpatients (women and men) with UTIs from 2 public family medicine clinics in an urban area with a diverse, international population (November 2018 to present). During the study period, providers ordered a urine culture for any adult patient presenting with UTI symptoms, including uncomplicated and complicated infections. We estimated the prevalence of resistance to UTI-relevant antibiotics in the overall study population and compared it between patients born in the United States and other countries. Results: We collected 678 urine cultures from 644 unique patients (79% female). Of these cultures, 158 (23.3%) had no growth, 330 (48.7%) grew mixed urogenital flora, and 190 (28.0%) were positive (>10,000 CFU/mL). Patients with positive cultures were mostly female (88.2%), and their mean age was 46.6 ± 14.8 years. Among patients with positive cultures, 42.7% were born in the United States and 57.3% were born Mexico or Central America. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism (Fig. 1). Susceptibility results for E. coli and all gram-negative organisms combined are presented in Fig. 2. Susceptibility of uropathogens to TMP-SMX was significantly higher in patients born in the United States compared to patients from Mexico or Central America (82% vs 61%; P = .03). Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was similar in patients born in the United States and other countries (79% vs 72%; P = .50). Of 77 E. coli isolates, 11 (14%) were positive for extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, including 8 isolates from patients whose country of origin was Mexico or a Central American country. Conclusions: More than 20% of outpatients presenting with UTI symptoms had a negative urine culture. Among outpatients with uncomplicated and complicated UTI, uropathogens had a high prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX, but susceptibility to fosfomycin (restricted in our system) was 100%. Resistance rates for TMP-SMX were higher in patients from Mexico and Central America. Our findings question whether TMP-SMX should remain a first-line agent in US primary-care settings.Funding: This project was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UM1AI104681.Disclosures: None
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Liu, Qian, Lizbeeth Lopez, Catherina Pan, et al. "Whim Syndrome Caused By a 5 Base Pair Deletion in the C-Terminus of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1003.1003.
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Abstract Introduction: WHIM syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant, primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis (impaired neutrophil egress from bone marrow resulting in neutropenia). Mutations in the C-terminus of chemokine receptor CXCR4 cause almost all known cases of WHIM syndrome (4 truncations, 3 frame-shifts and 1 single amino acid charge-change), and result in impaired ligand-induced receptor internalization and desensitization. This enhances receptor signaling, and exaggerates normal CXCR4 function to retain neutrophils and other leukocytes in bone marrow, resulting in myelokathexis and increased susceptibility to certain infections. Methods: A 2 year old boy with recurrent infections and neutropenia was referred to the NIH Clinical Center. Four anonymized healthy donors were recruited as homozygous CXCR4WT controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and the CXCR4 gene was sequenced using the Sanger method. The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) was used to make 3 recombinant plasmids encoding the wild type gene, (CXCR4WT) the most common disease mutation (CXCR4R334X) and the index patient's mutation (CXCR4L329fs). K562 cells were transfected with plasmids by nucleofection. Blood leukocyte subsets and CXCR4 expression on PBMCs from healthy donors and the patient and stably transfected K562 cells with or without CXCL12 stimulation were examined by FACS analysis. Calcium flux in response to CXCL12 was analyzed in receptor-transfected and parental cell lines as well as in primary leukocytes. Results: The boy had recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, panleukopenia and myelokathexis, consistent with WHIM syndrome but both parents were healthy. Genetic analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in CXCR4, designated CXCR4L329fs, involving a 5 base pair deletion from nucleotides 986-990 in the open reading frame. This deletion causes a frame-shift at codon 329 that introduces 12 missense amino acids and deletes the conserved C-terminal 24 amino acids. Interestingly a different mutation that causes a frame-shift at the same codon has been recently described as a somatic mutation in one case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, which deletes nucleotide 984-986 and inserts a T. The CXCR4L329fs mutation in our patient is the largest truncation mutant reported to date in WHIM syndrome, and was not identified in unaffected family members or in the general population, suggesting that it is a de novo mutation. As with the most common WHIM mutation, CXCR4R334X, this new mutation also caused decreased receptor downregulation in response to CXCL12 in both PBMCs from the patient as well as in K562 cells transfected with the cloned receptor and increased CXCR4 calcium flux signaling in stably transfected K562 cells. Conclusion: CXCR4L329fs is a novel de novo gain-of-function mutation of the C-terminus of CXCR4 that causes WHIM syndrome. Disclosures Liu: US National Institutes of Health: Employment, Patents & Royalties: pending. Murphy:US National Institutes of Health: Employment, Patents & Royalties: pending. McDermott:US National Institutes of Health: Employment, Patents & Royalties: pending.
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Sun-Suslow, Ni, C. Wei-Ming Watson, Jennifer Iudicello, Robert K. Heaton, and Erin E. Morgan. "A-20 Frailty Is Associated with Decreased Social–Emotional Functioning in People with HIV: A National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery Study." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.38.
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Abstract Objective People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to experience problematic emotions and are at increased risk for frailty. In the general population, frailty is broadly associated with worse social–emotional functioning. However, the extent of this dysfunction has largely been isolated to depression and these relationships have yet to be examined among PWH. Thus, this study examined associations between frailty and summary factor scores developed from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIH-TB-EB) among PWH. Method Participants were 320 PWH (mean age = 52.3, SD = 12.7). Three previously validated composite scores from the NIH-TB-EB were used to assess social–emotional functioning: negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Using the Fried Phenotype, the sample was dichotomized into non-frail (n = 155) and prefrail/frail (n = 165) groups. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between frailty and social–emotional functioning. Covariates included age, estimated duration of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and antidepressant medication count. Results Being prefrail/frail was associated with increased negative affect (B = 0.26, p &lt; 0.001), decreased social satisfaction (B = -0.18, p = 0.002), and decreased psychological well-being (B = -0.25, p &lt; 0.001). Increased age was associated with decreased negative affect (B = -0.17, p = 0.002), and was unrelated to social satisfaction and psychological well-being. Estimated duration of infection, ART status, and antidepressant use were not associated with social–emotional functioning. Conclusions Pre-frail/frail PWH have worse social–emotional functioning, above and beyond age, duration of HIV disease, ART status, and antidepressant use. This suggests both frailty and poor social–emotional functioning may be important targets to screen and treat in order to improve prognosis and quality of life for PWH.
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Eksi, Fahriye, Efgan Dogan Gayyurhan, and Iclal Balci. "In Vitro Susceptibility ofCandidaSpecies to Four Antifungal Agents Assessed by the Reference Broth Microdilution Method." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/236903.
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This study was performed to determine the distribution ofCandidaspecies isolated from the blood cultures of the patients hospitalized in our hospital and to investigate their antifungal susceptibility.Candidastrains were identified at species level by using classical methods and API ID 32C (bioMerieux, France) identification kits. The susceptibility of the strains to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin was evaluated by using the reference broth microdilution method in document M27-A3 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Of the 111Candidastrains isolated, 47.7% were identified asC. albicansand 52.3% as non-albicansCandidastrains. The MIC ranges were 0.03–1 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125–≥64 μg/mL for fluconazole, 0.03–16 μg/mL for voriconazole, and 0.015–0.25 μg/mL for caspofungin. AllCandidastrains were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. 10.8% isolates were resistant to fluconazole and 8.1% isolates were dose-dependent susceptible. While 0.9% isolate was resistant to voriconazole, 0.9% isolate was dose-dependent susceptible. In our study,C. albicansandC. parapsilosiswere the most frequently encountered agents of candidemia and it was detected that voriconazole with a low resistance rate might also be used with confidence in the treatment of infections occurring with these agents, primarily besides amphotericin B and caspofungin.