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Journal articles on the topic 'Isolatori elastomerici'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 February 2023

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1

Pauletta, Margherita, Federico Pinzano, Giada Frappa, and Gaetano Russo. "Tensile Tests for the Improvement of Adhesion between Rubber and Steel Layers in Elastomeric Isolators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228063.

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Steel reinforced elastomeric isolators are currently the most used bearings for seismic isolation purposes. The steel reinforcements are cut to the desired shape, sandblasted, cleaned with acid, and coated with bonding compound during the manufacturing process. Then the elastomer and steel layers are stacked in a mold and subjected to vulcanization so that they are glued together and constitute a single body. Good adhesion between the layers is very important for the correct functioning of the device. Adhesion conditions become critical when the isolators are subjected to tensile stresses, which arise under direct tensile actions or large shear strains. To analyze the influence of changes in the manufacturing process on the isolator adhesive behavior, the authors performed tensile tests on square-shaped small-scale specimens rather than expensive shear tests on full-scale isolators. Hence, the adhesion behavior between elastomer and steel layers was investigated through the tensile tests discussed herein. Among the influencing parameters that were considered, it was found that an increase in vulcanization time does not improve the adhesion, but it may actually worsen the capacity of the isolator in terms of strength. Moreover, it was found that using elastomer without an oily component improves the adhesion between the layers and increases the isolator’s dissipative capacity.

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2

Ngo, Van Thuyet. "Effect of shear modulus on the performance of prototype un-bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(5)-02.

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Un-bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (U-FREI) is light weight and facilitates easier installation in comparison to conventional steel reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREI), in which fiber layers are used as reinforcement to replace steel shims as are normally used in conventional isolators. Shear modulus of elastomer has significant influence on the force-displacement relationship of U-FREI. However, a few studies investigated the effect of shear modulus on the horizontal behavior of prototype U-FREI in literature. In this study, effect of shear modulus on performance of prototype U-FREIs is investigated by both experiment and finite element (FE) analysis. It is observed that reduction in horizontal stiffness of U-FREI with increasing horizontal displacement is due to both rollover deformation (or reduction in contact area of isolator with supports) and shear modulus of elastomer. Reasonable agreement is observed between the findings from experiment and FE analysis. Keywords: base isolator; prototype un-bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator; rollover deformation; shear modulus; cyclic test.

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3

Kelly, James M. "Seismic Isolation Systems for Developing Countries." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 3 (August 2002): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1503339.

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This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of the feasibility of using fiber reinforcement to produce lightweight low-cost elastomeric isolators for application to housing, schools and other public buildings in highly seismic areas of the developing world. The theoretical analysis covers the mechanical characteristics of multi-layer elastomeric isolation bearings where the reinforcing elements, normally steel plates, are replaced by a fiber reinforcement. The fiber in the fiber-reinforced isolator, in contrast to the steel in the conventional isolator (which is assumed to be rigid both in extension and flexure), is assumed to be flexible in extension, but completely without flexure rigidity. This leads to an extension of the theoretical analysis on which the design of steel-reinforced isolators is which accommodates the stretching of the fiber-reinforcement. Several examples of isolators in the form of long strips were tested at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center Laboratory. The tested isolators had significantly large shape factors, large enough that for conventional isolators the effects of material compressibility would need to be included. The theoretical analysis is extended to include compressibility and the competing influences of reinforcement flexibility and compressibility are studied. The theoretical analysis suggests and the test results confirm that it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced strip isolator that matches the behavior of a steel-reinforced isolator. The fiber-reinforced isolator is significantly lighter and can be made by a much less labor-intensive manufacturing process. The advantage of the strip isolator is that it can be easily used in buildings with masonry walls. The intention of this research is to provide a low-cost lightweight isolation system for housing and public buildings in developing countries.

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4

Mkrtychev, Oleg. "Numerical studies of elastomeric isolator performance under static loads." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102022.

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The article presents the studies of the elastomeric isolator performance under static loads. The solutions of the problems have been obtained by means of a specialized software complex by direct integration of the motion equations according to the implicit scheme. For calculation of the elastomeric isolator, a 3D computational model comprised by solid finite elements has been used. Based on the results of the studies performed, the diagrams for displacement of the points of the top of the support have been plotted with the horizontal shear of the support. The possibility of formation of tilting in the upper plate of the elastomeric isolator has been proved. The diagram of residual horizontal displacements of the support after the horizontal load removal has been obtained. The inability of elastomeric isolators to return independently to the initial equilibrium position without additional devices has been proved.

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5

Imbimbo, Maura, and James M. Kelly. "Stability Aspects of Elastomeric Isolators." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585956.

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The theoretical analysis for the buckling of isolators is well known and has generally been verified by experimental work, but there are some aspects of the analysis that have not been addressed in detail. This paper will study two examples, first the effect of end plate rotation on the buckling load and, secondly, the buckling of an isolator that is made up of two bearings, one on the top of the others. The effect of end plate rotation on the buckling load arises in situations where the stiffness of the superstructure is not high enough to ensure that the isolator is constrained against rotation at the top; this is often the case when retrofitting existing structures. The influence of the flexibility of the superstructure on the horizontal stiffness of the isolator and the reduction of the critical load due to this flexibility is evaluated in the paper. The results show a significant reduction of the critical load. The second analysis presented in the paper models the buckling of a composite isolator that is made up of two bearings, one on top of the other. Two approaches for evaluating the critical load of this composite isolator are discussed, and an approximate method is developed that provides results close to the complete solution.

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6

Kamrava, Alireza. "Seismic Isolators and their Types." Current World Environment 10, Special-Issue1 (June 28, 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.special-issue1.05.

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In this paper I would like to describe about what seismic isolation is., seismic isolators, their types ,how do they work? ,their advantage and disadvantage. In seismic isolator types you will read about Elastomeric bearings, Natural and Synthetic Rubber Bearings , Lead Rubber Bearings , Friction pendulum bearing, Supplymetal Damping Devices like Buckling Restrained Brace, Fluid Dampers, Visco-Elastic Dampers,Friction Dampers, Hysteretic Dampers(Yeilding Dampers).In advantage and disadvantage part you will read some tips about using seismic isolators. In conclusion you will read a review about seismic isolation and using seismic isolators.

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7

Mondal, Papiya D., Aparna D. Ghosh, and Subrata Chakraborty. "Performances of Various Base Isolation Systems in Mitigation of Structural Vibration Due to Underground Blast Induced Ground Motion." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 04 (April 6, 2017): 1750043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500432.

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A comparative study is carried out on the performance of various elastomeric and frictional base isolation (BI) systems in the vibration mitigation of structures subjected to underground blast induced ground motion (BIGM). The parametric sensitivities of the base isolated structures to variations in the design parameters of the isolators are examined for different intensities of blast input. Results indicate that substantial reductions in both the acceleration and displacement responses of the structure can be achieved by the different base isolators. Generally, the Electricite de France (EDF) base isolator produces higher peak response reductions. However, peak bearing displacements are also largest here. The pure friction (P-F), resilient-friction base isolator (R-FBI) and friction pendulum (FP) systems produce lower values of response reductions but peak bearing displacements as well as residual displacements of isolators are also low. The New Zealand (N-Z) system provides good response reductions with a low to moderate value of peak bearing displacement. The present study indicates how a proper selection of the type of BI system with suitable design parameters can mitigate structural vibration due to different intensities of BIGM and restrict the unwanted characteristics of large isolator displacement and its permanent deformation.

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8

Imbimbo, Maura, and James M. Kelly. "Stability of Isolators at Large Horizontal Displacements." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585955.

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Elastomeric bearings used as seismic isolators are susceptible to a buckling type of instability similar to that of structural columns. The buckling load and buckling behaviour can be determined from an elastic analysis of the isolator modelled as a continuous composite column with bending and shear flexibility; this analysis cannot be used, however, to assess the post-buckling behaviour or the stability of the isolator at large horizontal displacements. By using a two-spring rigid link model that considers large angles without using linear approximations, it is possible to predict the post-buckling behaviour of an isolator. Using the simple closed form expression, this paper will model three aspects of post-buckled isolator behaviour: the dependence of horizontal stiffness on vertical load, the stability at large horizontal displacements, and the increase of horizontal displacement with respect to axial load and vertical displacement.

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9

Zhang, H., J. Li, and T. Peng. "Development and Mechanical Performance of a New Kind of Bridge Seismic Isolator for Low Seismic Regions." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 4 (2013): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/148907.

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The concept of fibre-reinforced plate elastomeric isolator (FRPEI) is introduced firstly in this paper. Three FRPEI specimens have been constructed to evaluate the mechanical performance of the isolators by performing vertical and horizontal tests. The research focuses on the compression stiffness, the shear stiffness, the hysteretic characteristic and the vertical bearing capacity of the isolators. The experimental results show that the mechanical performance of FRPEIs can meet the requirements of bridge rubber bearings and the energy dissipation capacity is better than that of general laminated rubber bearings. Therefore, it is feasible to use FRPEIs in seismic isolation of short span bridges in low seismic regions. Theoretical and finite element methods have also been employed and the deformation assumptions applied in the theoretical method are also verified by FEM. By comparing the differences of the results of different methods, the effectivenesses of the theoretical and finite element methods are evaluated and some considerations on isolator design are proposed.

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10

Elahinia, Mohammad, Constantin Ciocanel, The M. Nguyen, and Shuo Wang. "MR- and ER-Based Semiactive Engine Mounts: A Review." Smart Materials Research 2013 (February 20, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/831017.

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Hybrid propulsion technologies, including hybrid electric and hydraulic hybrid, equip vehicles with nonconventional power sources (in addition to the internal combustion engine) to provide higher fuel efficiency. However, these technologies tend to lead to higher levels of noise, vibration, and harshness in the vehicles, mainly due to the switching between the multiple power sources involved. In addition, the shocks and vibrations associated with the power sources switching may occur over a wide range of frequencies. It has been proven that passive vibration isolators (e.g., elastomeric and hydraulic mounts) are unable to mitigate or totally isolate such shocks and vibrations. Active mounts, while effective, are more complex, require significant power to operate, and can lead to system instabilities. Semiactive vibration isolators have been shown to be as effective as active mounts while being less complex and requiring less power to operate. This paper presents a review of novel semiactive shock and vibration isolators developed using magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids. These fluids change their yield stress in response to an externally applied magnetic and electric field, respectively. As a result, these fluids allow one to transform a passive hydraulic vibration isolator into a semiactive device.

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11

Xu, Dengfeng, Qiang Yu, Fei Shen, Yu Zhu, and Gaofeng Guan. "An Analytical Model for a Pneumatic Vibration Isolator with the Stiffness Effect of the Elastomeric Diaphragm." Shock and Vibration 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8209290.

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The elastomeric diaphragm is widely used in pneumatic vibration isolators, and the relevant model is often ignored due to its complexity. Considering that the ignored model of the elastomeric diaphragm in pneumatic vibration isolators plays an important role in the discrepancy between the predicted and practical behavior, this paper develops an analytical model for the elastomeric diaphragm using the Mooney-Rivlin modeling method and elastomeric theory. Specifically, the elastomeric diaphragm consists of several segments in the axial section. After considering the structural restriction, each segment can be simplified as uniaxial stretching, and the force-strain equation can be established for each segment. By combining the equations of all segments, an analytical model of the elastomeric diaphragm can be built and solved via numerical methods. The developed model is added to the standard model of pneumatic cylinders to supply a complete analytical model for pneumatic vibration isolators. The experimental results demonstrate that the analytically predicted behavior is similar to the practical behavior. The proposed analytical model can be used as a guide for the parameter design of pneumatic isolators in practice.

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12

Edalati, Ali Akbar, and Hossein Tahghighi. "Investigating the Performance of Isolation Systems in Improving the Seismic Behavior of Urban Bridges. A Case Study on the Hesarak Bridge." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0052.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of isolation systems on the seismic behavior of urban reinforce concrete bridge. The performance of the Hesarak Bridge constructed in Karaj city, Iran with two isolation systems; i.e. the existing elastomeric rubber bearing (ERB) and a proposed lead rubber bearing (LRB) is discussed. The numerical model was implemented in the well-known FEM software CSIBridge. The isolated bridge has been analyzed using nonlinear time history analysis method with seven pairs of earthquake records and the results are compared for the two isolation systems. The LRB isolators are shown to have superior seismic performance in comparison with the existing ERB systems based on the response evaluation including force on the isolator, pier base shear, deck acceleration, bending moment, pier displacement, and energy dissipation.

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13

Sharma, Ajay, and SudhirKumar Soni. "Application of MR damper in Base-isolated Irregular Building with different variable sliding Isolators." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.568.

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Application of Electromagnetic induction (EMI) based passively controlled and some local response governed MR dampers in controlling the isolator displacement in base-isolated Irregular building have been studied and compared with the Lyapunov controller. The Irregular building is hybrid isolated with elastomeric rubber bearings and a variety of sliding isolators subjected to strong near field earthquakes acting bi-directionally in horizontal plane. The shear type base-isolated Irregular building is modelled as three-dimensional linear elastic structure having three degrees-of-freedom at each floor level. Time domain dynamic analysis of the building has been carried out using constant-average acceleration Newmark-Beta method and non-linear isolation forces has been taken care by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. It is observed that the EMI based passive controller performs better than the Lyapunov controller though it reduces less base displacement but gives lower structural response among all the controllers. Local response governed Hyperbolic and Aly’s controller require only velocity and displacement at controller locations sound simpler in application as compared to Lyapunov controller especially to civil engineering structures like Irregular building. The Hyperbolic controller restrains base displacement comparable to the Lyapunov controller but gives less base shear and story drifts to Irregular building. Variable frequency pendulum isolator (VFPI) and variable curvature friction pendulum system (VCFPS) sliding isolators perform better with MR damper control in comparison to conventional friction pendulum system (FPS) in base–isolated Irregular building.

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14

Matsagar, Vasant A., and R. S. Jangid. "Base-Isolated Building with Asymmetries Due to the Isolator Parameters." Advances in Structural Engineering 8, no. 6 (December 2005): 603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943305776318365.

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The effects of torsional coupling, due to isolator parameters, on the seismic response of base-isolated buildings are presented. The isolated building is modelled as a single-storey structure mounted on different isolation devices such as elastomeric and sliding systems involving non-linear restoring forces. The governing equations of motion for the uncoupled and torsionally coupled system are derived and solved in time domain by Newmark's method of integration to obtain lateral-torsional displacement response. The displacement response of the isolated system with different combinations of structural configurations, isolation systems and the ratio of uncoupled torsional to lateral frequency of the system is investigated. A comparison of the response of the torsionally coupled base-isolated building is made with the corresponding response obtained from torsionally uncoupled base-isolated building. In addition, a parametric study is conducted to observe the effect of superstructure flexibility on the displacements in torsionally coupled base-isolated building. The eccentricities arising due to the asymmetries in the isolation stiffness and/or yield strength of the isolators are compared with the eccentricity in the system as specified by the Uniform Building Code (UBC 1997). It is observed that the torsional coupling arising due to the dissimilarity in the isolator properties considerably influences the seismic response of the base-isolated building. Effects of superstructure eccentricity are found diminishing when the isolation eccentricities exist. The design bearing displacement suggested by the UBC static formula incorporating accidental torsion is found conservative for the isolation eccentricities arising due to the dissimilarity amongst the isolators.

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15

Rejab, Mohd Noor Arib, Roslan Abdul Rahman, Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah, Jawaid Iqbal Inayat Hussain, Nazirah Ahmad, and Asyraf Ismail. "Measurement of Vibration Power Flow through Elastomeric Powertrain Mounts in Passenger Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 471 (December 2013): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.471.30.

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The effectiveness of vibration isolator or mount can be done by quantifying the vibration energy flow through the isolators. This can provide information on the quantification of the vibration energy flow from the powertrain to the structure or chassis. Vibration energy flow through mount is identified as vibration power flow that is one of vibration transmission paths. This paper presents vibration power flow through four elastomeric mount. The vibration (source and receiver of accelerations) was measured by running engine at constant speed and without load conditions in varying speeds starting from 1050 RPM to 4000 RPM. The vibration was measured only in z-direction (vertical direction). The noise inside compartment was measured at the condition of engine run-up without load condition and was measured starting from 1050 RPM to 4000 RPM engine speed. The results from vibration power flow analysis showed that the main vibration energy transmission was high from front mount and rear mount, around engine speed 3200 RPM, and booming noise occurred around 3200 RPM due to structure-borne noise.

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16

Xia, Dong Zhou. "Study on Seismic Performance of Symmetrical Steel Framed Building that with and without ERB and FPS Isolators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2634.

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As is known, base isolation can reduce earthquake energy that transferred from the ground motion to the structure by buffering it with a bearing layer at the foundation which has relatively low horizontal stiffness. The paper investigates the time history records of a two storied symmetrical steel framed isolated building with Elastomeric Rubber Bearing and Friction Pendulum Systems that under the Northridge earthquake, and the isolator parameters are calculated using the design guidelines of International Building Code (IBC2000) within the spirit of IS 1893–2002(7). And then, contrasting of the roof’s displacements, accelerations and base shear values of the steel framed building with and without isolators, and which studied from the Non-linear time history analysis using structural analysis software SAP2000. The results show that base isolation will provide a substitute technology for the conventional, fixed-base design of structures and cost-effective for new buildings in high seismic regions.

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17

Nastac, Silviu, Carmen Debeleac, and Adrian Leopa. "On Dynamic Characteristic of Damaged Elastomeric Vibration Isolators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 801 (October 2015): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.801.159.

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This paper deals with structural damage identification at vibration isolators with elastomeric-based composite, through continuous or periodical evaluation of behavioral changes of the dynamic characteristics. It has supposed only structural damages of passive isolators, appearing inside the elastomeric core. Theoretical approaches has been provided, computer simulation scenarios regarding some potential critical cases has been developed, and experimental tests has been performed, in order to evaluate main correlation between the levels of structural integrity and the operational performance respectively. Partial results indicate an acceptable sensitivity of this dynamic method with damage detection, and establish next goal of the research in evaluation of the failure imminence and accurately localizing techniques.

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18

YOSHIZAWA, Toshikazu. "Elastomeric Seismic-Protection Isolators for Buildings." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 78, no. 10 (2005): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.78.376.

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19

KOBAYASHI, Eiji, and Kazuhiro KANEKO. "Elastomeric Seismic-protection Isolators for Bridges." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 85, no. 4 (2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.85.131.

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20

Van Engelen, Niel C. "Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators: A review." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 125 (October 2019): 105621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.03.035.

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21

Kobayashi, E., and K. Kaneko. "Elastomeric Seismic Protection Isolators for Bridges." International Polymer Science and Technology 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1203900802.

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22

Haeri, A. H., K. Badamchi, and H. Tajmir Riahi. "Proposing a new hybrid friction–yielding–elastomeric bearing." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 9 (February 20, 2019): 1558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319829535.

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A new hybrid isolator consisting of elastomeric bearing, sliding parts and yielding dampers named friction–yielding–elastomeric bearing (FYEB) is proposed. In this hybrid isolator, the friction–yielding part has an energy absorption feature, where the rubber pad has re-centering and vertical bearing capacity. For this purpose, an X-shaped metal damper with different number and thickness, and sliding surfaces with different friction coefficients is applied and the effect of vertical load variations on the results is assessed. Using the hysteresis force-displacement diagrams of different FYEB and lead rubber bearing (LRB) with the same dimensions at shear strains of 50, 100, and 150%, effective horizontal stiffness, energy dissipation, equivalent viscous damping, and lateral force at each loading cycle are assessed and compared. It can be concluded that the proposed isolator has a more suitable and stable performance at all shear strains than LRB. In addition, by changing FYEB parameters, a wide range of performance can be achieved.

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23

TAKENOUCHI, Isamu. "Breaking Tests of Elastomeric Seismic-protection Isolators." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 118, no. 1165 (2015): 750–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.118.1165_750.

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24

Bratu, Polidor. "Corrective Analysis of the Parametric Values from Dynamic Testing on Stand of the Antiseismic Elastomeric Isolators in Correlation with the Real Structural Supporting Layout." Applied Mechanics and Materials 430 (September 2013): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.430.305.

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The paper presents the result of experimental research of the viscoelastic behavior of the antiseismic elastomeric isolators on stand, in laboratory, where the excitation is given only through harmonic instantaneous displacements. Based on the dynamic response under the form of the elastic and dissipation forces, in the time domain, the hysteresis loops and the stiffness, damping and durability to imposed repeated cycles parameters are determined. In this case, the order I dynamic system is free of added mass which makes the evaluation of its own damping to be estimated as equivalent damping with that of a complete system of 2ndorder with viscous damping.Using elastomeric isolators on site, for a base isolation project, either building or viaduct, imposes corrections of the experimental laboratory values considering the real conditions, function of the dynamic inertial excitation (earthquake, wind gusts, etc.) and of the response in instantaneous displacements.

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25

Van Engelen, Niel C., Michael J. Tait, and Dimitrios Konstantinidis. "Investigation of partially bonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (PB-FREIs) with nominal vertical tensile loads." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 8 (August 2019): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0014.

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Unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) were initially proposed as a potential low-cost alternative to conventional steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs). FREIs are similar to SREIs but comparatively lightweight as the steel components from SREIs have been replaced with polymer fibers in FREIs. Subsequent experimental investigations identified that unbonded FREIs have desirable characteristics for seismic isolation due to the unbonded application and fiber reinforcement. The unbonded application removes mechanical fasteners, relying on friction to transfer horizontal loads, further reducing the cost. However, the unbonded application also introduces limitations, being susceptible to slip in certain loading conditions and being incapable of resisting tensile forces. In this paper, the concept of partially bonded FREIs (PB-FREIs), a proposed solution to these limitations, is further investigated experimentally with nominal vertical tensile loads. It is shown that PB-FREIs can achieve similar properties to an unbonded FREI with a vertical compressive load.

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26

Qureshi, Afroz. "Analytical and Experimental Overview of Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37242.

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There has been many researches in order to further improve the Base Isolation system by trying various combinations and alternative materials. In that fiber reinforced isometric isolators are emerged as a viable solution, because for the low cost and effective response to seismic waves as compared to the conventional isolators. Studies further shows that it provides high vertical stiffness and low horizontal stiffness, also having effective damping over the conventional one. Developing countries who doesn’t have proper seismic protection solutions have found this convenient as they are comparatively less in cost and doesn’t require complex installation. Studies also shows Un-bonded FREI has lower horizontal stiffness and considerably lower stress demand on rubber material as compared to the B-FREI and hence significantly higher seismic isolation efficiency.

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27

Panza, M. J., D. P. McGuire, and P. J. Jones. "Modeling, Actuation, and Control of an Active Fluid Vibration Isolator." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2889687.

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An integrated mathematical model for the dynamics, actuation, and control of an active fluid/elastomeric tuned vibration isolator in a two mass system is presented. The derivation is based on the application of physical principles for mechanics, fluid continuity, and electromagnetic circuits. Improvement of the passive isolator performance is obtained with a feedback scheme consisting of a frequency shaped notch compensator in series with integral control of output acceleration and combined with proportional control of the fluid pressure in the isolator. The control is applied via an electromagnetic actuator for excitation of the fluid in the track connecting the two pressure chambers of the isolator. Closed loop system equations are transformed to a nondimensional state space representation and a key dimensionless parameter for isolator-actuator interaction is defined. A numerical example is presented to show the effect of actuator parameter selection on system damping, the performance improvement of the active over the passive isolator, the robustness of the control scheme to parameter variation, and the electrical power requirements for the actuator.

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28

Miranda, Sebastián, Juan Carlos de la Llera, and Eduardo Miranda. "Uncertainty on measurement of elastomeric isolators effective properties." Measurement 180 (August 2021): 109511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109511.

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29

Ehsani, Behrang, and Hamid Toopchi-Nezhad. "Systematic design of unbonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators." Engineering Structures 132 (February 2017): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.036.

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30

Nishi, Toshio, and Nobuo Murota. "Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators for buildings and bridges." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 31, no. 1 (December 4, 2012): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1217-8.

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31

Van Engelen, Niel C., Peyman M. Osgooei, Michael J. Tait, and Dimitrios Konstantinidis. "Partially bonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (PB-FREIs)." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 22, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.1682.

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32

Shen, Chao Yong, Yu Hong Ma, Xue Zhen Zhuang, Yang Yang Chen, and Shi Bin Wang. "Analysis on Parameters Influencing Max. Stress of Inner Rubber of Elastomeric Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 3374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.3374.

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In this paper, some factors effect on the maximum stress of inner rubber of some elastomer isolators with big diameter of 1500mm are analyzed by FEA. These factors include size of hole, ratio of , shear modulus of inner rubber , the first shape factor , thickness of cover rubber. The isolators include those used in building or bridge, loading condition is single compress . Research results show that size of hole, ratio of and have a little effect on the maximum stress of inner rubber, but shear modulus of inner rubber, and thickness of cover rubber hardly effect.

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33

Runyon, John Frederick. "Fluid isolator assembly and floating elastomeric damping element." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 2 (2007): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2771316.

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Faravelli, L. "Modelling the response of an elastomeric base isolator." Journal of Structural Control 8, no. 1 (June 2001): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.4300080102.

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Al-Anany, Yasser M., Mohamed A. Moustafa, and Michael J. Tait. "Modeling and Evaluation of a Seismically Isolated Bridge Using Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/072416eqs118m.

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An unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator (U-FREI) is a relatively new type of elastomeric bearing that can be implemented as a seismic isolator for bridges. U-FREIs possess beneficial characteristics, including their potentially low-cost and light-weight construction. Individual U-FREIs can be rapidly produced as they can be easily cut from large sheets to the required size and shape, which is an attractive feature for accelerated bridge construction. The objectives of this paper are to introduce a noniterative analytical model to simulate the lateral response of U-FREI, and then to utilize the model to investigate the seismic response of a typical highway bridge isolated using U-FREI and compare it with a traditional non-isolated bridge. The isolated bridge demonstrated a resilient seismic behavior where all the bridge components remained elastic with no damage or residual deformation. The analytical results indicate that the seismic demand of the isolated bridge is reduced by up to 77% and 84% in terms of base shear and accelerations, respectively, as compared with the non-isolated bridge.

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Castellano, Anna, Pilade Foti, Aguinaldo Fraddosio, Salvatore Marzano, Gemma Mininno, and Mario Daniele Piccioni. "Seismic Response of a Historic Masonry Construction Isolated by Stable Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (SU-FREI)." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.160.

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We study the implementation of Stable Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (SU-FREI) for the seismic protection of a typical historical masonry construction from Puglia. The effectiveness of this innovative isolation technique is analyzed by means of a non-linear dynamic analysis, which shows substantial improvements of the seismic response with respect to the corresponding fixed base construction.

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Vibhute, A. S., S. D. Bharti, M. K. Shrimali, and S. Vern. "Seismic Performance of Elastomeric and Sliding Friction Isolation System." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.588.

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The base isolation technique is widely used in the isolation of structures for providing efficient protection to structures concerning different loadings. This study aims to evaluate comparative performance and inelastic responses of the base-isolated structure for two types of isolation systems under the Far-field and Near-field earthquake. For this purpose, seismic response quantities like base shear, peak ?oor displacement, absolute acceleration, and isolator displacement for ten-story reinforced concrete building frame base isolated by lead rubber bearings (LRBs) are evaluated and compared with the seismic response of the same structure base isolated by Friction Pendulum Bearing Isolator. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to investigate the inelastic behavior of the base-isolated structure. The building frame was designed according to IS1893:2016 seismic code and IS 456:2000. To represent a wide range of assessments, a 10 storey building frame taking identical isolation parameters for elastomeric and sliding isolation system was analyzed in SAP 2000. It was observed that the responses of both the isolation system are nearly the same for all the three earthquakes.

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Ngo, Thuyet Van, Anjan Dutta, and Sajal Kanti Deb. "Predicting Stability of a Prototype Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolator by Finite Element Analysis." International Journal of Computational Methods 17, no. 10 (April 27, 2020): 2050015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876220500152.

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Unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator (U-FREI) is an improved device for seismic mitigation of low-rise buildings. The horizontal force — displacement behavior of U-FREI is nonlinear due to rollover deformation and the horizontal stiffness is a function of both vertical load and horizontal displacement. In this paper, stability of a prototype U-FREI is studied based on the dynamic response utilizing finite element (FE) analysis. Furthermore, the horizontal response of the isolator is also evaluated under the design vertical load and increasing horizontal displacement up to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is the total thickness of rubber layers) to observe the rollout instability.

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Tripepi, Concetta, and Paolo Clemente. "Graphic Procedure for the Optimum Design of Elastomeric Isolators." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 26, no. 1 (February 2021): 04020058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000547.

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MUROTA, Nobuo. "Technology Trend and Future Direction of Elastomeric Seismic Isolators." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 116, no. 1139 (2013): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.116.1139_711.

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Osgooei, Peyman M., Michael J. Tait, and Dimitrios Konstantinidis. "Non-iterative computational model for fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators." Engineering Structures 137 (April 2017): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.056.

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Kelly, James, and Maria Rosaria Marsico. "Stability and post-buckling behavior in nonbolted elastomeric isolators." Seismic Isolation and Protective Systems 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2010): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/siaps.2010.1.41.

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Pinarbasi, Seval, and Yalcin Mengi. "Analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators under pure "warping"." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 61, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.1.031.

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Van Ngo, Thuyet, Anjan Dutta, and Sajal K. Deb. "Evaluation of horizontal stiffness of fibre-reinforced elastomeric isolators." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 46, no. 11 (January 31, 2017): 1747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2879.

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Mallik, A. K., V. Kher, M. Puri, and H. Hatwal. "ON THE MODELLING OF NON-LINEAR ELASTOMERIC VIBRATION ISOLATORS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 219, no. 2 (January 1999): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1883.

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46

Nastac, Silviu, and Carmen Debeleac. "Estimations on Thermo-mechanical Dynamics of Vibration Elastomeric Isolators." PAMM 12, no. 1 (December 2012): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201210290.

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Bunov, Artem, and Vladimir Dorozhinskiy. "Numerical Studies of Elastomeric Isolator Performance Under Seismic Influence." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 661 (November 20, 2019): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/661/1/012046.

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TADA, HIDEYUKI. "Seismic Isolation for Buildings. Seismic Isolation and Elastomeric Isolator." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 70, no. 8 (1997): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.70.421.

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Sheikh, Hediyeh, Rajeev Ruparathna, and Niel C. Van Engelen. "Bi-directional loading of unbonded rectangular fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators." Engineering Structures 251 (January 2022): 113500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113500.

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Al-Anany, Yasser M., Niel C. Van Engelen, and Michael J. Tait. "Vertical and Lateral Behavior of Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators." Journal of Composites for Construction 21, no. 5 (October 2017): 04017019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000794.

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