Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Isométrie (Mathématiques)'
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Gaboriau, Damien. "Dynamique des systèmes d'isométries et actions de groupes sur les arbres réels." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30099.
Full textEt-Taoui, Boumediene. "Sur les systèmes réguliers de points dans les espaces projectifs complexes." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0324.
Full textPoggiaspalla, Guillaume [Paul Edmond]. "Auto-similarités dans les systèmes isométriques par morceaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005473.
Full textBoukhobza, Mustapha. "Isométries de modules quadratiques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11744.
Full textMaillot, Sylvain. "Quasi-isomètries, groupes de surfaces et orbifolds fibrés de Seifert." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30176.
Full textChaluleau, Benoît. "Problème du mot, invariants de quasi-isométrie pour les groupes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30036.
Full textGunnlaugsdóttir, Elísabet. "Structure monoïdale de la catégorie des uq+(sl2)-modules." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20063.
Full textLiousse, Isabelle. "Feuilletages transversalement affines des surfaces et actions affines de groupes sur les arbres réels." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30036.
Full textRenard, François. "Inversion de données sismiques : prise en compte de la nature corrélée du bruit." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20014.
Full textPellé, Laure. "Inversion linéarisée simultanée des réflexions primaires et des réflexions multiples." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20202.
Full textSouche, Estelle. "Quasi-isométries et quasi-plans dans l'étude des groupes discrets." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11048.
Full textOtal, Jean-Pierre. "Courants géodésiques et surfaces." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112051.
Full textThe first part of this work is concerned with some geometric questions about the 3-dimensional manifolds called "compression bodies". In the first chapter, one defines a space associated to a compression body N : it is the quotient of an open subset of the space of measured laminations on the compressible component S of ∂N by the action of a certain subgroup of the modular group of S. This space carries a natural map to the space of geodesic currents C(N) of the group π1(N). The main result is that this map is an homeomorphism on its image L(N). The second chapter introduces some technics to understand the frontier of L(N) in C(N). One considers there the problem oh characterizing the conjugacy classes of the free group G on g generators which can be represented by an embedded loop on the boundary of an handlebody with fundamental group G. One studies therefore some equivalence relations on the space of ends of the free group G. The second part is concerned with the problem of reconstructing Riemannian metric on a surface from some spectral data. One shows in the third chapter that two negatively curved metrics on a closed surface S which give the same length to each homotopy class π1(S) are isotopic. In the fourth chapter, one shows that two negatively curved metrics on a compact disc D² which induce the same distance function on ∂D² are isotopic
Benzidia, Abdelaziz. "Sur les tenseurs de structures d'une submersion riemannienne." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10064.
Full textDerrien, Jean-Marc. "Propriétés ergodiques d'extensions isométriques : théorème ergodique polynôminal ponctuel : régularisation de cocycles par cohomologie." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4023.
Full textAdel, Fadhel. "Enseigner les isométries en terminale math en Tunisie : une étude comparée du manuel officiel et de pratiques d'enseignants en classe : régularités et conséquences." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070004.
Full textIn this thesis we analyze the practices of three teachers in terminal math in Tunisia on the chapter "Euclidean plane isometrics" comparing between them, scenarios and workflows from the video recordings of each of the three teachers along the entire chapter. Analysis of the last five programs to get an idea about the tendency o the current program. Then the reconstitution of the scenario of the 'unique' manual, from the detailed study of its Course and Tasks parts, allowed determining how this scenario has influenced the practices of the three teachers in its structure, its choices, its way of attending mathematics and even in its level of rigour required. There are other alternatives that we have highlighted in comparison with the scenario of a French manual on the same theme in a similar program (prior). Some findings about learners' feedbacks are noteworthy, as well perspectives on how to devise manuels and ongoing teacher training are highly expected
Bogaerts, Mathieu. "Codes et tableaux de permutations, construction, énumération et automorphismes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210302.
Full textUn code de permutations G(n,d) un sous-ensemble C de Sym(n) tel que la distance de Hamming D entre deux éléments de C est supérieure ou égale à d. Dans cette thèse, le groupe des isométries de (Sym(n),D) est déterminé et il est prouvé que ces isométries sont des automorphismes du schéma d'association induit sur Sym(n) par ses classes de conjugaison. Ceci mène, par programmation linéaire, à de nouveaux majorants de la taille maximale des G(n,d) pour n et d fixés et n compris entre 11 et 13. Des algorithmes de génération avec rejet d'objets isomorphes sont développés. Pour classer les G(n,d) non isométriques, des invariants ont été construits et leur efficacité étudiée. Tous les G(4,3) et les G(5,4) ont été engendrés à une isométrie près, il y en a respectivement 61 et 9445 (dont 139 sont maximaux et décrits explicitement). D’autres classes de G(n,d) sont étudiées.
A permutation code G(n,d) is a subset C of Sym(n) such that the Hamming distance D between two elements of C is larger than or equal to d. In this thesis, we characterize the isometry group of the metric space (Sym(n),D) and we prove that these isometries are automorphisms of the association scheme induced on Sym(n) by the conjugacy classes. This leads, by linear programming, to new upper bounds for the maximal size of G(n,d) codes for n and d fixed and n between 11 and 13. We develop generating algorithms with rejection of isomorphic objects. In order to classify the G(n,d) codes up to isometry, we construct invariants and study their efficiency. We generate all G(4,3) and G(4,5)codes up to isometry; there are respectively 61 and 9445 of them. Precisely 139 out of the latter codes are maximal and explicitly described. We also study other classes of G(n,d)codes.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation mathématiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Camus, Thomas. "Méthodes algorithmiques pour les réseaux algébriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM033/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with lattices, which are fundamental objects in many fields, such as number theory and cryptography.As a first step, we propose a generalization and an implantation of the Lenstra, Lenstra and Lov'asz algorithm (LLL algorithm) in the simple algebraic setting of lattices over quadratic imaginary and euclidean ring of integers.Then, we present the notions of algebraic lattices and Humbert forms, which are extensions of euclidean lattices and quadratic forms in a large algebraic setting. Introducing these objects leads us to develop and implant modifications of the Plesken and Souvignier algorithm. This algorithm efficiently solves the isometric lattices problem and the automorphism group computation problem for algebraic lattices.Eventually, we analyze in depth the complexity of this two algorithmic problems. We show that they are intimately related to similar problems on graphs. This reduction leads us to express unprecedented complexity bounds
Petitcunot, Pierre. "Problèmes de similarité et spectre étendu d'un opérateur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10046/document.
Full textLn this thesis, we study some similarity problems and the extended spectrum of an operator. ln the first part, we give criteria of similarity to some classes of partial isometries. For example, we obtain the following result. Let T be an operator on H an Hilbert space. T is similar to the direct sum of a Jordan operator and an isometry if and only if T is power-bounded, T has a finite as cent and there exists a power~bounded operator S E B(H) so that TnsnTn = Tn, for all n of No This results can be seen as partial results to an open problem of Badea and Mbekhta (2005) . ln the second part, we obtain a criterion of joint similarity to two contractions that we apply to have results of pertubation of operators jointly similar to contractions. The extended spectrum is the subject of the last part. Some of its links with other spectra of an operator are proposed before studying the behaviour of the extended spectrum of sorne classes of operators. Finally we use the extended spectrum to give criteria of hypercyclicity that we will compare to a criterion of Godefroy and Shapiro
Chevrier, Raphaël. "Moment quadripolaire de l’état isomère 7/2-1 du 43S : Etude modèle en couches des isotopes de soufre autour de N=28." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2014.
Full textThe goal of this work consists in providing new insights in the shape coexistence expected in neutron-rich nuclei around the N=28 shell closure. In 43S, recent experimental data as well as their interpretation in the shell model framework were used to predict the coexistence between a Jπ=3/2-1 prolate deformed ground state and a 7/2-1 rather spherical isomer state. We report on the quadrupole moment measurement Qs of the 7/2-1 isomer state [E*=320. 5(5) keV, T1/2=415(3) ns] in 43S. The TDPAD method was applied on 43S nuclei produced by the fragmentation of a 48Ca primary beam at 345 A. MeV, and selected in-flight through the BigRIPS spectrometer at RIKEN (Japan). The measured value, |Qs|=23(3) efm2, is in remarkable agreement with that calculated in the shell model framework, although it is significantly larger than that expected for a single-particle state. In order to understand the nature of the correlations responsible for the departure of the isomer state from a pure spherical shape, we report on the results of a shell model study using the modern SDPF-U interaction of the neighbors sulfur isotopes 42,44,46S. Those calculations allowed to identify a slight triaxial degree of freedom in the structure of these nuclei, although the latter happens to be highly hindered at N=28 in 44S. Spectroscopic factor calculations show that this slight triaxial degree of freedom also impacts the low-lying structure in 43S. It allows to better understand the deviation of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment value of the isomer state from the limit case of a pure spherical state
Chabbabi, Fadil. "Les applications qui commutent avec la transformation de Aluthge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10062/document.
Full textOur aim in this thesis in function analysis is to study the bijective maps between the algebras of linear and bounded operators, which commute with the Aluthge transform in different way. In the first part, we study the Aluthge transformation which play an crucial role on operator theory in the recent years. We will establish some useful results and properties of the λ-Aluthge transform. These results are required to prove our main theorems in the next chapters. In the second part, we study the bijective and additive maps which commute with the λ-Aluthge transform. We also give a description of ω-additive commuting maps with this transformation. In the last part, we consider the problem of commuting maps with the λ-Aluthge transform, under the usual product and Jordan product, we show that these maps are a simple form. Finally, we give several expressions of the spectral radius via the λ-Aluthge transform and its iterates
Alam, Ihab Al. "Géométrie des espaces de Müntz et opérateurs de composition à poids." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10068/document.
Full textThe main subject of this PHD thesis is the study of sorne geometric aspects of Müntz spaces (M'A and M~) in C([O, 1]) and LP([O, 1]),1 ::; p < 00. This work is composed offour chapters. The first chapter is devoted to preliminary. ln the second chapter, we prove sever al basic properties of Müntz spaces, these properties explain the geometric nature of these spaces. There is also a new generalization of Müntz spaces by considering the Müntz polynomials with coefficient in any Banach space X. The aim of the third one is to construct a Müntz space having no complement in LI ([0,1]). As an application of this work, we obtain sorne results that were recently obtained in the monograph of Vladimir I. Gurariy and Wolfgang Lusky, but with a method completely different. We also provide an explicit Schauder basis equivalent to the canonical base in gl for sorne Müntz spaces MX, with A not lacunary. ln a second part of this chapter, we study the case LP([O, 1]), 1 ::; p < 00, we will see that sorne phenomena still true in the case 1 < p < 00. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we discuss the problem of compactness for weighted composition operators T'ljJoC
Lehbab, Imène. "Problèmes métriques dans les espaces de Grassmann." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MULH6508.
Full textThis work contributes to the field of metric geometry of the complex projective plane CP2 and the real Grassmannian manifold of the planes in R6. More specifically, we study all p-tuples, p ≥ 3, of equiangular lines in C3 or equidistant points in CP2, and p-tuples of equi-isoclinic planes in R6. Knowing that 9 is the maximum number of equiangular lines that can be constructed in C3, we develop a method to obtain all p-tuples of equiangular lines for all p ϵ [3,9]. In particular, we construct in C3 five congruence classes of quadruples of equiangular lines, one of which depends on a real parameter ɣ, which we extend to an infinite family of sextuples of equiangular lines depending on the same real parameter ɣ. In addition, we give the angles for which our sextuples extend beyond and up to 9-tuples. We know that there exists a p-tuple, p ≥ 3, of equi-isoclinic planes generating Rr, r ≥ 4, with parameter c, 0< c <1, if and only if there exists a square symmetric matrix, called Seidel matrix, of p × p square blocks of order 2, whose diagonal blocks are all zero and the others are orthogonal matrices in O(2) and whose smallest eigenvalue is equal to - 1/c and has multiplicity 2p-r. In this thesis, we investigate the case r=6 and we also show that we can explicitly determine the spectrum of all Seidel matrices of order 2p, p ≥ 3 whose off-diagonal blocks are in {R0, S0} where R0 and S0 are respectively the zero-angle rotation and the zero-angle symmetry. We thus show an unexpected link between some p-tuples of equi-isoclinic planes in Rr and simple graphs of order p
Gramain, Jean-Baptiste. "Generalized Block Theory." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010451.
Full textDijon, Aurore. "Evolution de la collectivité autour du 68Ni : rôle des états intrus." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728430.
Full textDyshko, Serhii. "Généralisations du Théorème d'Extension de MacWilliams." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0018.
Full textThe famous MacWilliams Extension Theorem states that for classical codes each linear Hamming isometry ofa linear code extends to a monomial map. However, for linear codes over module alphabets an analogue of theextension theorem does not always exist. That is, there may exists a linear code over a module alphabet with anunextendable Hamming isometry. The same holds in a more general context of a module alphabet equippedwith a general weight function. Analogues of the extension theorem for different classes of codes, alphabetsand weights are proven in the present thesis. For instance, extension properties of the following codes arestudied: short codes over a matrix module alphabet, maximum distance separable codes, codes over a modulealphabet equipped with the symmetrized weight composition. As a separate result, a classification of twoisometry groups of combinatorial codes is given. The thesis also contains applications of the developedtechniques to quantum stabilizer codes and Gabidulin codes
Mesmar, Hussein. "Phénomènes de concentration pour des équations elliptiques surcritiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0338.
Full textIn this manuscript, we present several aspects of the resolution of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with supercritical Sobolev exponent. We are considering the context of a compact Riemannian manifolds and we fix a subgroup of the isometries of this manifold. Taking a problem invariant under the action of this group permits to get a reasonable supercritical problem. More precisely, if the action of such a group is free, the quotient is also a smooth manifold: this transforms a supercritical problem on the initial manifold into a critical problem on the quotient manifold. Therefore, under this free-action hypothesis, the problem is artificially supercritical. In our work, we consider the more intricate case of a group that does not act freely, so that the quotient space is not necessarily a manifold, and the preceding method fails. We make explicit hypothesis on the group to be able to perform some analysis. In the first part, we compute the best constant in the Hardy-Sobolev supercritical inequalities with invariance under such a group: this constant depends on the corresponding Euclidean best constant. This constant allows us to get solutions to a supercritical Hardy-Sobolev equation with perturbation via the Mountain-Pass Lemma of Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the concentration phenomenon associated with a supercritical problem, still invariant under the action of an isometry group. The main novelty we have to face is that we have to work on a piece of the quotient which is a manifold, but it has a boundary, and we do not have conditions like Dirichlet or Neumann here. However, we overcome this problem by proving a concentration of the mass that allows to get a good control far from the concentration orbit. Under suitable nondegeneracy assumptions, we show that the concentration orbit converges very fast to a limiting orbit. This allows to get a relation between the potential and the geometry at the concentration orbit, so that we get a localization of the concentration. Despite they are geometric in nature, our technique enjoy applications to the more classical context of nonlinear equations on a domain of the flat space
Merzouk, Abdellah. "Caractérisation de l'aptitude à l'effort chez l'enfant diabétique, par une étude électromyographique, cardiorespiratoire et métabolique." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1285.
Full textXu, David. "Groupes d'isométries discrets de l'espace hyperbolique de dimension infinie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0065.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying and constructing discrete groups acting by isometries on the infinite-dimensional hyperbolic space. The infinite-dimensional hyperbolic space is a Riemannian symmetric space of infinite dimension and constant curvature equal to -1. Its study (and that of other symmetric spaces of non-compact type and infinite dimension) was suggested by Gromov in its work entitled "Asymptotic invariants of infinite groups". In particular, he emphasises the need to define the notion of "discrete groups" in this context. Finite-dimensional hyperbolic spaces and their discrete groups of isometries have been largely studied for their relations with hyperbolic manifolds. A well-established property in this field is the stability of convex-cocompact representations into the isometry groups of finite-dimensional hyperbolic spaces. From an observation by Monod and Py, we prove a similar statement for infinite-dimensional representations. This stability result suggests that one can deform convex cocompact representations of finitely generated groups. Such representations do exist thanks to a classification by Monod and Py and we show that for a surface group, the space of deformations of convex-cocompact (infinite-dimensional) representations has infinite dimension. All the groups obtained by deformations are "strongly discrete" groups of isometries of the infinite-dimensional hyperbolic space. To find other examples of discrete groups acting on hyperbolic spaces, one can think of Coxeter groups. They admit actions by reflections that can be easily described using some matrix. Thus, they are interesting candidates to provide discrete groups in infinite dimension. Inspired by Vinberg's theory, we give a sufficient condition for infinitely generated Coxeter groups to act irreducibly on the infinite-dimensional hyperbolic space and we discuss some examples of groups satisfying our criterion. However, it seems that the discreteness properties do not pass to infinitely generated groups
Shchur, Vladimir. "Quasi-isometries between hyperbolic metric spaces, quantitative aspects." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867709.
Full textDyshko, Serhii. "Généralisations du Théorème d'Extension de MacWilliams." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0018/document.
Full textThe famous MacWilliams Extension Theorem states that for classical codes each linear Hamming isometry ofa linear code extends to a monomial map. However, for linear codes over module alphabets an analogue of theextension theorem does not always exist. That is, there may exists a linear code over a module alphabet with anunextendable Hamming isometry. The same holds in a more general context of a module alphabet equippedwith a general weight function. Analogues of the extension theorem for different classes of codes, alphabetsand weights are proven in the present thesis. For instance, extension properties of the following codes arestudied: short codes over a matrix module alphabet, maximum distance separable codes, codes over a modulealphabet equipped with the symmetrized weight composition. As a separate result, a classification of twoisometry groups of combinatorial codes is given. The thesis also contains applications of the developedtechniques to quantum stabilizer codes and Gabidulin codes
Bulf, Caroline. "Étude des effets de la symétrie axiale sur la conceptualisation des isométries planes et sur la nature du travail géométrique au collège." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369503.
Full textTari, Kévin. "Automorphismes des variétés de Kummer généralisées." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2301/document.
Full textLn this work, we classify non-symplectic automorphisms of varieties deformation equivalent to 4-dimensional generalized Kummer varieties, having a prime order action on the Beauville-Bogomolov lattice. Firstly, we give the fixed loci of natural automorphisms of this kind. Thereafter, we develop tools on lattices, in order to apply them to our varieties. A lattice-theoritic study of 2-dimensional complex tori allows a better understanding of natural automorphisms of Kummer-type varieties. Finaly, we classify all the automorphisms described above on thos varieties. As an application of our results on lattices, we complete also the classification of prime order automorphisms on varieties deformation-equivalent to Hilbert schemes of 2 points on K3 surfaces, solving the case of order 5 which was still open
Kahouadji, Nabil. "Lois de conservation et plongements isométriques généralisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00427033.
Full textCarrasco, Piaggio Matias. "Jauge conforme des espaces métriques compacts." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645284.
Full textBoulebnane, Hassane. "Étude conformationnelle et structurale des molécules hétéro-1 spiro (2. 5) octane par spectroscopie micro-onde." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10091.
Full textArnt, Sylvain. "Large scale geometry and isometric affine actions on Banach spaces." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2021/document.
Full textIn the first chapter, we define the notion of spaces with labelled partitions which generalizes the structure of spaces with measured walls : it provides a geometric setting to study isometric affine actions on Banach spaces of second countable locally compact groups. First, we characterise isometric affine actions on Banach spaces in terms of proper actions by automorphisms on spaces with labelled partitions. Then, we focus on natural structures of labelled partitions for actions of some group constructions : direct sum ; semi-direct product ; wreath product and free product. We establish stability results for property PLp by these constructions. Especially, we generalize a result of Cornulier, Stalder and Valette in the following way : the wreath product of a group having property PLp by a Haagerup group has property PLp. In the second chapter, we focus on the notion of quasi-median metric spaces - a generalization of both Gromov hyperbolic spaces and median spaces - and its properties. After the study of some examples, we show that a δ-median space is δ′-median for all δ′ ≥ δ. This result gives us a way to establish the stability of the quasi-median property by direct product and by free product of metric spaces - notion that we develop at the same time. The third chapter is devoted to the definition and the study of an explicit proper, left-invariant metric which generates the topology on locally compact, compactly generated groups. Having showed these properties, we prove that this metric is quasi-isometric to the word metric and that the volume growth of the balls is exponentially controlled
Mercat, Paul. "Semi-groupes de matrices et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782789.
Full textCatusse, Nicolas. "Spanners pour des réseaux géométriques et plongements dans le plan." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22119/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several problems related to the design of geometric networks and isometric embeddings into the plane.We start by considering the generalization of the classical Minimum Manhattan Network problem to all normed planes. We search the minimum network that connects each pair of terminals by a shortest path in this norm. We propose a factor 2.5 approximation algorithm in time O(mn^3), where n is the number of terminals and m is the number of directions of the unit ball.The second problem presented is an oriented version of the minumum Manhattan Network problem, we want to obtain a minimum oriented network such that for each pair u, v of terminals, there is a shortest rectilinear path from u to v and another path from v to u.We describe a factor 2 approximation algorithm with complexity O(n^3) where n is the number of terminals for this problem.Then we study the problem of finding a planar spanner (a subgraph which approximates the distances) of the Unit Disk Graph (UDG) which is used to modelize wireless ad hoc networks. We present an algorithm for computing a constant hop stretch factor planar spanner for all UDG. This algorithm uses only local properties and it can be implemented in distributed manner.Finally, we study the problem of recognizing metric spaces that can be isometrically embbed into the rectilinear plane and we provide an optimal time O(n^2) algorithm to solve this problem. We also study the generalization of this problem to all normed planes whose unit ball is a centrally symmetric convex polygon
Carriou, Vincent. "Multiscale, multiphysic modeling of the skeletal muscle during isometric contraction." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2376/document.
Full textThe neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems are complex System of Systems (SoS) that perfectly interact to provide motion. From this interaction, muscular force is generated from the muscle activation commanded by the Central Nervous System (CNS) that pilots joint motion. In parallel an electrical activity of the muscle is generated driven by the same command of the CNS. This electrical activity can be measured at the skin surface using electrodes, namely the surface electromyogram (sEMG). The knowledge of how these muscle out comes are generated is highly important in biomechanical and clinical applications. Evaluating and quantifying the interactions arising during the muscle activation are hard and complex to investigate in experimental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a way to describe and estimate it. In the bioengineering literature, several models of the sEMG and the force generation are provided. They are principally used to describe subparts of themuscular outcomes. These models suffer from several important limitations such lacks of physiological realism, personalization, and representability when a complete muscle is considered. In this work, we propose to construct bioreliable, personalized and fast models describing electrical and mechanical activities of the muscle during contraction. For this purpose, we first propose a model describing the electrical activity at the skin surface of the muscle where this electrical activity is determined from a voluntary command of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), activating the muscle fibers that generate a depolarization of their membrane that is filtered by the limbvolume. Once this electrical activity is computed, the recording system, i.e. the High Density sEMG (HD-sEMG) grid is define over the skin where the sEMG signal is determined as a numerical integration of the electrical activity under the electrode area. In this model, the limb is considered as a multilayered cylinder where muscle, adipose and skin tissues are described. Therefore, we propose a mechanical model described at the Motor Unit (MU) scale. The mechanical outcomes (muscle force, stiffness and deformation) are determined from the same voluntary command of the PNS, and is based on the Huxley sliding filaments model upscale at the MU scale using the distribution-moment theory proposed by Zahalak. This model is validated with force profile recorded from a subject implanted with an electrical stimulation device. Finally, we proposed three applications of the proposed models to illustrate their reliability and usefulness. A global sensitivity analysis of the statistics computed over the sEMG signals according to variation of the HD-sEMG electrode grid is performed. Then, we proposed in collaboration a new HDsEMG/force relationship, using personalized simulated data of the Biceps Brachii from the electrical model and a Twitch based model to estimate a specific force profile corresponding to a specific sEMG sensor network and muscle configuration. To conclude, a deformableelectro-mechanicalmodelcouplingthetwoproposedmodelsisproposed. This deformable model updates the limb cylinder anatomy considering isovolumic assumption and respecting incompressible property of the muscle
Menegatti, Paolo. "Action du groupe de Klein sur une surface K3." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2297.
Full textThe aim of this work is to classify the actions of the Klein group G on a K3 surface X, where G≃(ℤ/2ℤ)² contains a non-symplectic involution which acts trivially on Neron-Severi lattice, as well as computing the number of points composing the fixed locus.This result is achieved through purely algebraic methods, due to Smith’s theory, which relates the cohomology of the fixed locus H*(Xᴳ, F₂) to the group cohomology H*(X, F₂).Firstly, we identify all possibilities for the cohomology of the G-module H²(X, F₂) (and therefore the cohomology of fixed locus Xᴳ), providing some partial results for the general case G≃(ℤ/pℤ)ⁿ.Thereafter, we study the extension of the cohomology lattice H²(X, ℤ) induced by the action of G and we prove a formula giving the number of fixed points composing Xᴳ from some numerical invariants of the extension.Namely the dimensions of discriminant groups of invariant lattices, but also a new numerical invariant, essential for the computation of the fixed locus, which we prove to be unrelated to other ones.Finally, via Torelli theorem, we find all possibilities for G acting on X and we provide some geometric examples -confirming our results- using elliptic fibrations
Aribi, Amine. "Le spectre du sous-laplacien sur les variétés CR strictement pseudoconvexes." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960234.
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