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Journal articles on the topic 'Isophorone diisocyanate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Karpov, Sergei V., Aygul S. Dzhalmukhanova, Dmitry A. Chernyayev, Vera P. Lodygina, Victoria V. Komratova, and Elmira R. Badamshina. "Kinetic Features of Isophorone Diisocyanate and Oligoesterdiols Reaction under Waterborne Polyurethane Synthesis Conditions and the Preparation of the Polymer Dispersions." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.508.

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Kinetics of urethane formation from isophorone diisocyanate and polycaprolactone diol and poly(butylene adipate) in acetone was studied by IR spectroscopy. It was found that poly(butylene adipate) is the most reactive oligoesterdiol, with the reaction being both non-catalyzed and catalyzed by dibutyltin dilaurate. It was shown that the cycloaliphatic group of isophorone diisocyanate is an order of magnitude more active than the aliphatic one in catalytic reactions of isophorone diisocyanate with investigated oligoesterdiols. Furthermore, waterborne polyurethanes based on the studied oligoesterdiols were synthesized and characterized by DLS, DSC, and TGA methods.

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2

Ivanova, K. Yu, M. V. Kuzmin, L. G. Rogozhina, A. O. Patianova, V. L. Semenov, and R. I. Alexandrov. "Synthesis and research of polyfunctional silylureas used in electric deposition of tin-indium alloy." Chimica Techno Acta 8, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 20210305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2021.8.3.05.

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Polyfunctional silylureas were synthesized by the interaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with isocyanates of various structures in an inert aromatic solvent. Commercially available diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate were used as isocyanates. In this case, freshly distilled toluene was used as a solvent. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by the data of IR and NMR1H spectroscopy. Using the synthesized compounds, formulations of compositions for electrodeposition of a tin-indium alloy on a copper wire were developed. The possibility of using silylureas of various structures as effective surfactants used in the electrodeposition of the tin-indium alloy is shown. The operational characteristics of the obtained wire were investigated, including the wire diameter, coating thickness, tensile strength, electrical resistance, and direct current electrical resistivity.

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3

Gebauer, Tim, Axel T. Neffe, and Andreas Lendlein. "Influence of diisocyanate reactivity and water solubility on the formation and the mechanical properties of gelatin-based networks in water." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.839.

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ABSTRACTGelatin can be covalently crosslinked in aqueous solution by application of diisocyanates like L-lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester in order to form hydrogels. Reaction of isocyanate groups with water is however a limiting factor in hydrogel network formation and can strongly influence the outcome of the crosslinking process. Here, diisocyanates with different water solubility and reactivity were applied for the formation of gelatin-based hydrogel networks and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels were investigated to gain a better understanding of starting material/ hydrogel property relations. L-Lysin diisocyanate ethyl ester (LDI), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,4-butane diisocyanate (BDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were selected, having different solubility in water ranging from 10-4 to 10-2 mol·L-1. BDI and LDI were estimated to have average reactive isocyanates groups, whereas TDI is highly reactive and IPDI has low reactivity. Formed hydrogels showed different morphologies and were partially very inhomogeneous. Gelation time (1 to 50 minutes), water uptake (300 to 900 wt.-%), and mechanical properties determined by tensile tests (E-moduli 35 to 370 kPa) and rheology (Shear moduli 4.5 to 19.5 kPa) showed that high water solubility as well as high reactivity leads to the formation of poorly crosslinked or inhomogeneous materials. Nevertheless, diisocyanates with lower solubility in water and low reactivity are able to form stable, homogeneous hydrogel networks with gelatin in water.

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4

Lim, Ye-Ji, Young-Kyu Song, Dong-Min Kim, and Chan-Moon Chung. "Preparation of Isophorone Diisocyanate-loaded Microcapsules and Their Application to Self-healing Protective Coating." Polymer Korea 39, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2015.39.1.56.

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5

Mohammed, Issam A., and Govindarajan Sankar. "Synthesis, deblocking and cure reaction studies of secondary alcohol-blocked isocyanates." High Performance Polymers 23, no. 7 (November 2011): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008311421833.

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A series of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-blocked diisocyanates, based on diisocyanates including 4,4′-methylene di(phenyl isocyanate), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, were prepared and characterized thoroughly by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis (CHN). The blocking reaction of 1,3-dichloro 2-propanol with aromatic diisocyanates occurs faster than with the aliphatic isocyanates. The deblocking temperature of blocked isocyanates was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and the CO2 evaluation method. Cure reactions of blocked isocyanates with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene were also followed to establish the structure–property relationship of the 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-blocked isocyanates. The deblocking studies reveal that the aromatic isocyanates undergo deblocking more easily than aliphatic isocyanates. The dissolution behavior of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-blocked isocyanates in Terathane-2000, polypropylene glycol-2000, polycaprolactone diol-2000 and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-2500 was also studied, and it was found that all adducts are soluble in these polyols.

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6

Neffe, Axel T., Tim Gebauer, and Andreas Lendlein. "Tailoring of Mechanical Properties of Diisocyanate Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogels." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.837.

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ABSTRACTPolymer network formation is an important tool for tailoring mechanical properties of polymeric materials. One option to synthesize a network is the addition of bivalent crosslinkers reacting with functional groups present in a polymer. In case of polymer network syntheses based on biopolymers, performing such a crosslinking reaction in water is sometimes necessary in view of the solubility of the biopolymer, such as gelatin, and can be beneficial to avoid potential contamination of the formed material with organic solvents in view of applications in biomedicine. In the case of applying diisocyanates for the crosslinking in water, it is necessary to show that the low molecular weight bifunctional crosslinker has fully reacted, while tailoring of the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels is possible despite the complex reaction mechanism. Here, the formation of gelatin-based hydrogel networks with the diisocyanates 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,4-butane diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate is presented. It is shown that extensive washing of materials is required to ensure full conversion of the diisocyanates. The use of different diisocyanates gives hydrogels covering a large range of Young’s moduli (12-450 kPa). The elongations at break (up to 83%) as well as the maximum tensile strengths (up to 410 kPa) of the hydrogels described here are much higher than for lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester crosslinked gelatin reported before. Rheological investigations suggest that the network formation in some cases is due to physical interactions and entanglements rather than covalent crosslink formation.

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7

Wang, Jie, Fengxian Qiu, Haiyan Wu, Xin Li, Tao Zhang, Xiangheng Niu, Dongya Yang, Jiangming Pan, and Jicheng Xu. "A novel water-soluble chitosan linked fluorescent carbon dots and isophorone diisocyanate fluorescent material toward detection of chromium(vi)." Analytical Methods 8, no. 48 (2016): 8554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02822e.

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8

Götz, Hans, Uwe Beginn, Camiel F. Bartelink, Henri J. M. Grünbauer, and Martin Möller. "Preparation of Isophorone Diisocyanate Terminated Star Polyethers." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 287, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20020401)287:4<223::aid-mame223>3.0.co;2-z.

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9

Li, Ting, Tianze Zheng, Jiarui Han, Zhanli Liu, Zhao-Xia Guo, Zhuo Zhuang, Jun Xu, and Bao-Hua Guo. "Effects of Diisocyanate Structure and Disulfide Chain Extender on Hard Segmental Packing and Self-Healing Property of Polyurea Elastomers." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050838.

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Four linear polyurea elastomers synthesized from two different diisocyanates, two different chain extenders and a common aliphatic amine-terminated polyether were used as models to investigate the effects of both diisocyanate structure and aromatic disulfide chain extender on hard segmental packing and self-healing ability. Both direct investigation on hard segments and indirect investigation on chain mobility and soft segmental dynamics were carried out to compare the levels of hard segmental packing, leading to agreed conclusions that correlated well with the self-healing abilities of the polyureas. Both diisocyanate structure and disulfide bonds had significant effects on hard segmental packing and self-healing property. Diisocyanate structure had more pronounced effect than disulfide bonds. Bulky alicyclic isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) resulted in looser hard segmental packing than linear aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), whereas a disulfide chain extender also promoted self-healing ability through loosening of hard segmental packing compared to its C-C counterpart. The polyurea synthesized from IPDI and the disulfide chain extender exhibited the best self-healing ability among the four polyureas because it had the highest chain mobility ascribed to the loosest hard segmental packing. Therefore, a combination of bulky alicyclic diisocyanate and disulfide chain extender is recommended for the design of self-healing polyurea elastomers.

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10

Gurunathan, T., Smita Mohanty, and Sanjay K. Nayak. "Effect of reactive organoclay on physicochemical properties of vegetable oil-based waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites." RSC Advances 5, no. 15 (2015): 11524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14601h.

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The environmentally friendly vegetable oil-based waterborne polyurethane–organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized from castor oil polyols, isophorone diisocyanate and dimethylolpropionic acid.

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11

Xu, Chang-An, Bingfei Nan, Mangeng Lu, Zhencai Qu, Zhiyou Tan, Kun Wu, and Jun Shi. "Effects of polysiloxanes with different molecular weights on in vitro cytotoxicity and properties of polyurethane/cotton–cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite films." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 32 (2020): 5225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00809e.

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A series of polyurethane/cotton–cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite films are manufactured using amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate diol, isophorone diisocyanate, and dispersed cotton–cellulose nanofibers.

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12

Yu, Bing, Yongli Luo, Hailin Cong, Chuantao Gu, Wenlin Wang, Chao Tian, Jiexiu Zhai, and Muhammad Usman. "Preparation of crosslinked porous polyurea microspheres in one-step precipitation polymerization and its application for water treatment." RSC Advances 6, no. 113 (2016): 111806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21013a.

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13

Tinnerberg, H., G. Skarping, M. Dalene, and L. Hagmar. "Test chamber exposure of humans to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 67, no. 6 (October 1995): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00381050.

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14

Du, Xiaosheng, Haibo Wang, Xu Cheng, and Zongliang Du. "Synthesis and thermal energy storage properties of a solid–solid phase change material with a novel comb-polyurethane block copolymer structure." RSC Advances 6, no. 48 (2016): 42643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02559e.

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A novel comb-polyurethane solid–solid PCM of high thermal energy storage capability was synthesized through the reaction between diethanolamine-modified monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) with isophorone diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol.

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15

Stern, Malvin L., Tony A. Brown, Ronnetta D. Brown, and Albert E. Munson. "Contact Hypersensitivity Response to Isophorone Diisocyanate in Mice." Drug and Chemical Toxicology 12, no. 3-4 (January 1989): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01480548908999159.

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16

Xiao-Wen, WANG, ZHOU Zheng-Fa, REN Feng-Mei, WANG Jin, MA Hai-Hong, and XU Wei-Bing. "Deblocking Kinetics of Water-Solubility Blocked Isophorone Diisocyanate." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 25, no. 11 (2009): 2181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20091022.

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17

Mirčeva, A., T. Malavašič, and U. Osredkar. "Synthesis and characterization of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethanes." Journal of Molecular Structure 219 (March 1990): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80084-w.

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18

Ji, Feng Long, Jin Lian Hu, and Jian Ping Han. "Shape memory polyurethane-ureas based on isophorone diisocyanate." High Performance Polymers 23, no. 3 (March 3, 2011): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008311398323.

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19

Xue, Fei, Ziwei Zhu, Zheng Wei, Xinya Peng, Yalan Wang, Tian Li, Guanhua Ma, Yan Wu, Lin He, and Kun Qian. "The preparation of prochloraz pH-responsive nanocapsules by the Pickering emulsion polymerization method and the study of their performance." RSC Advances 10, no. 8 (2020): 4598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09920d.

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In this work, prochloraz pH-responsive nanocapsules were developed by the Pickering emulsion polymerization method with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and nano Fe₃O₄ particle-branched polyethyleneimine (PEI).

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20

Hejna, Aleksander, Mariusz Marć, and Jerzy Korol. "Modification of cellulosic filler with diisocyanates – volatile organic compounds emission assessment and stability of chemical structure over time." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 36, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0104.

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Abstract This paper investigated the impact of type and content of diisocyanate on the structure of modified cellulose fillers. Four the most popular isocyanates were applied – isophorone, hexamethylene, toluene and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate – at loadings of 1–15 wt%. Chemical structure, and its short-term storage stability, were investigated for eight weeks. Moreover, the main volatile organic compounds detected during modification, as well as emitted from fillers before and after storage, were identified. The main compounds detected in the air during modifications were terpenes and terpenoids. No diisocyanates were detected, which is very beneficial considering their toxicity. They were emitted from modified fillers at 40 °C, but only from fresh samples. After storage no emissions were noted, which indicated successful modification of fillers, also confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and changes in polarity of fillers’ surface. Observed changes should be considered beneficial for the potential applications of modified fillers in manufacturing of polymer composites.

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21

Frick-Engfeldt, Malin, Erik Zimerson, Daniel Karlsson, Åsa Marand, Gunnar Skarping, Marléne Isaksson, and Magnus Bruze. "Chemical Analysis of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate, 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate and Isophorone Diisocyanate in Petrolatum Patch-Test Preparations." Dermatitis (formerly American Journal of Contact Dermatitis) 16, no. 03 (2005): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6620.2005.05029.

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22

Frick-Engfeldt, Malin, Erik Zimerson, Daniel Karlsson, Åsa Marand, Gunnar Skarping, Marléne Isaksson, and Magnus Bruze. "Chemical Analysis of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate, 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, and Isophorone Diisocyanate in Petrolatum Patch-Test Preparations." Dermatitis 16, no. 3 (September 2005): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01206501-200509000-00008.

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23

Chernyayev, Dmitry A., Sergei V. Karpov, A. S. Jalmuhanova, and E. R. Badamshina. "Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethanes Using the Isophorone Diisocyanate Oligoisocyanurates." Key Engineering Materials 816 (August 2019): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.816.323.

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24

Gamardella, Francesco, Angels Serra, Xavier Ramis, and Silvia De la Flor. "Actuator Behaviour of Tailored Poly(thiourethane) Shape Memory Thermosets." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101571.

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In this work, a new family of poly(thiourethane) shape memory thermosetting actuators was developed and characterized. These materials can be easily prepared from mixtures of two different aliphatic diisocyanates and a trithiol in the presence of a latent catalyst, allowing an easy manipulation of the formulation. Rheological studies of the curing process confirm the latent character of the formulations. The glass transition temperatures and the mechanical properties can be modified by varying the proportion of diisocyanates (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI, and isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI) with stoichiometric amounts of trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate). The shape-memory behavior was deeply investigated under three different conditions: unconstrained, partially constrained, and fully constrained. Tests were performed in single cantilever bending mode to simulate conditions closer to real complex mechanics of thermomechanical actuators under flexural performances. The complex recovery process in single cantilever bending mode was compared with that obtained using tensile mode. The results evidenced that the amount of recovery force in fully constrained conditions, or energy released during the recovery process in partially constrained, can be modulated by simply changing the proportion of both diisocyanates. A simple model based on Timoshenko beam theory was used for the prediction of the amount of work performed. The reported results are an important guideline to design shape-memory materials based on poly(thiourethane) networks, establishing criteria for the choice of the material depending on the expected application.

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25

Matyushov, V. F., A. L. Tolstov, and E. V. Lebedev. "Oligourethaneepoxides based on isophorone diisocyanate as adhesion modifi ers for epoxy adhesives." Plasticheskie massy 1, no. 11-12 (January 2, 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2019-11-12-17-20.

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An effect of novel oligourethaneepoxide oligomers based on isophorone diisocyanate and oligo(propylene glycol)s of different molecular masses as modifiers of epoxy resins was evaluated. Modified epoxy adhesives are characterized by reduced viscosity, enhanced adhesion to substrate, that allows to use them in the variety areas of application.

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26

Cheong, In Woo, Hyun Chul Kong, Jeong Ho An, and Jung Hyun Kim. "Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-urea nanoparticles containing methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 17 (2004): 4353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20298.

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27

Zhou, Ming Ji, Qing Ze Jiao, Yun Zhao, and Wen Jia Cui. "Effects of HDI/IPDI Ratio on Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.674.

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A waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersoid was synthesized through the prepolymer method using aliphatic isocyanates [namely isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI)] and self-made polyester polyol as main raw materials. The effects of HDI/IPDI ratio on properties of waterborne polyurethane were discussed. The FTIR results confirmed the successful synthesis of WPU. As the molar ratio of HDI/IPDI increased, the properties (including elongation at break, solvent resistance, viscosity and thermal stability) increased, while the tensile strength and the average particle size decreased. The stable WPU with light blue and translucent were obtained when the HDI/ IPDI ratio was 1.5:1.

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28

Kim, Byung Kyu, Jong Cheol Lee, and Kwan Hee Lee. "Polyurethane Anionomer Dispersion from Ether-Type Polyols and Isophorone Diisocyanate." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 31, no. 9 (1994): 1241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601329408545702.

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29

Kim, Byung Kyu, Jong Cheol Lee, and Kwan Hee Lee. "Polyurethane Anionomer Dispersion from Ether-Type Polyols and Isophorone Diisocyanate." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 31, no. 9 (September 1994): 1241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601329409351549.

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30

Pawelke, B., Cs Kósa, Š. Chmela, and W. D. Habicher. "New stabilisers for polymers on the basis of isophorone diisocyanate." Polymer Degradation and Stability 68, no. 1 (April 2000): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(99)00177-9.

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31

Zhong, Ying Li, Xin Yang, Wu Yi Zhou, Qi Ping Zhu, and Zhuo Hong Yang. "The Study of Several UV Curable Polyurethane Acrylates." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.10.

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In this paper, several UV curable polyurethane acrylates were synthesized by using isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), polyethylene glycol(PEG) , Dipropylene Glycol Diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA) as the raw materials and dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTDL) as the catalyst. The structure was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization showed the coatings have a good property.

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32

Tereshatov, V. V., M. A. Makarova, Zh A. Vnutskikh, V. Yu Senichev, I. L. Borisova, and T. E. Oshchepkova. "Tetrablock Copolymers Based on Oligoether Diols, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, Isophorone Diisocyanate, and Methylene-bis-о-chloroaniline." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 91, no. 2 (February 2018): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427218020222.

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33

Attard, Thomas L. "Toughened carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy via isophorone diisocyanate amine surface modification." Polymer 191 (March 2020): 122268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122268.

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34

Papastergiou, Maria, Despoina Chriti, Dimitrios E. Damalas, Grigorios Raptopoulos, and Patrina Paraskevopoulou. "Poly(urethane-acrylate) aerogels from the isocyanurate trimer of isophorone diisocyanate." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 148 (June 2019): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.020.

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35

Eceiza, I., L. Irusta, A. Barrio, and MJ Fernández-Berridi. "In situ monitoring of isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams formation." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16670579.

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Novel isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams were prepared by the one-step method in a computerized foam qualification system (FOAMAT). The experimental conditions to obtain this type of foams, in relation to the nature and concentration of catalysts as well as the reaction temperature, were established as no data were available in scientific literature. The chemical reactions occurring during the foam generation process were monitored in situ by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the foam generation was fitted to an nth order model and the data showed that the foaming process adjusted to a first-order kinetics. The physical changes as pressure, foam height, and dielectric polarization were monitored by the FOAM software (FOAMAT). According to these parameters, the foaming process was divided into four steps: bubble growth, bubble packing, cell opening, and final curing.

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36

Karpov, S. V., A. S. Dzhalmukhanova, D. A. Chernyayev, V. P. Lodygina, V. V. Komratova, G. V. Malkov, and E. R. Badamshina. "Investigation of isophorone diisocyanate oligoisocyanurate effect on water dispersible polyurethane properties." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ch1/43-51.

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37

Han, J. L., C. H. Yu, Y. H. Lin, and K. H. Hsieh. "Kinetic study of the urethane and urea reactions of isophorone diisocyanate." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107, no. 6 (2007): 3891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27421.

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38

Karpov, S. V., V. P. Lodygina, V. V. Komratova, A. S. Dzhalmukhanova, G. V. Malkov, and E. R. Badamshina. "Kinetics of urethane formation from isophorone diisocyanate: The alcohol nature effect." Kinetics and Catalysis 57, no. 3 (May 2016): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0023158416030058.

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39

Kim, Byung Kyu, and Jong Cheol Lee. "Polyurethane ionomer dispersions from poly(neopentylene phthalate) glycol and isophorone diisocyanate." Polymer 37, no. 3 (February 1996): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(96)82917-x.

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40

Kim, Jin, Wonjoo Lee, Taehee Kim, Hyeon-Gook Kim, Bongkuk Seo, Choong-Sun Lim, and In Cheong. "Synthesis of Thermally Stable Reactive Polyurethane and Its Physical Effects in Epoxy Composites." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091587.

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A flame retardant polyol (EP-DOPO) with epoxy functional groups was synthesized by reacting a 1,6-hexanediol glycidyl ether with a flame retardant 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The polyurethane (EPPU) with enhanced heat resistance was prepared by the reaction of a polyol blend of EP-DOPO and polytetrahydrofuran (PolyTHF) at a ratio of 1:1 with isophorone diisocyanate. EPPU useful for the preparation of cables or coatings showed higher thermal decomposition temperature rather than that of reference polyurethane synthesized by the reaction between pure PolyTHF and isophorone diisocyanate by thermogravimetric analysis. Further study of the polyurethane as a toughening agent for epoxy polymers was carried out. Epoxy compositions consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resin and dicyandiamide as a hardener have a brittle property allowing crack propagation after cure. Polyurethane plays an important role as an impact modifier to prevent from cracks of epoxy polymers. Various contents of EPPU were added into epoxy compositions to measure the physical property changes of epoxy polymers. The tensile and flexural strengths of the cured specimen were compared with those of epoxy compositions including reference polyurethane. Furthermore, the crosslink density of the cured epoxy compositions was compared.

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Li, Cunjun, Minghao Wang, Zhaoliang Liu, Yanqi Xu, Chunhui Zhou, and Linjiang Wang. "Kaolinite-armoured polyurea microcapsules fabricated on Pickering emulsion: controllable encapsulation and release performance of a lipophilic compound." Clay Minerals 56, no. 1 (March 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2021.15.

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AbstractMicrocapsules are successfully used in various applications such as self-healing, drug delivery and military camouflage. The shells of the microcapsules based on the traditional surfactant-stabilized emulsion template method are often single organic materials. The surfactants generally have insufficient stability against demulsification during preparation of the microcapsules. In the present study, kaolinite was used as an emulsifier for stabilizing Pickering emulsions and subsequently as an enhancer for forming microcapsules. Kaolinite-armoured polyurea microcapsules were fabricated based on the interfacial polymerization of isophorone diisocyanate at the oil–water interfaces of kaolinite-stabilized Pickering emulsions. The prepared microcapsules with core–shell structure were spherical and exhibited good dispersibility in anhydrous ethanol. The shell thickness (~0.5–1.0 μm) and diameter (~20.0–160.0 μm) of kaolinite-armoured polyurea microcapsules may be tailored by varying the dosages of isophorone diisocyanate and kaolinite and the emulsifying speed of the high-shear homogenizer. Hence, the encapsulation and release performance of microcapsules may be controlled. The kaolinite particles were embedded and armoured in a polyurea matrix. The formed kaolinite-embedded and -armoured polyurea structures might prolong the release of the encapsulated lipophilic Sudan Red (III) from 20 to 45 h. The microcapsules have controllable encapsulation and release characteristics for lipophilic compounds and are cost effective, making them suitable pesticides.

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Gomez, Clara Maria, D. Gutierrez, M. Asensio, V. Costa, and A. Nohales. "Transparent thermoplastic polyurethanes based on aliphatic diisocyanates and polycarbonate diol." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 49, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244316639633.

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Segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) were synthetized using polycarbonate diol as soft segment with a molar mass of 500 and as a hard segment 1,5-pentanediol with a combination of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Differential scanning calorimetry, differential mechanical analysis, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, haze, transmittance, hardness, tensile properties and retention of tensile properties tests were employed to characterize the different PUs. The results of this study show that IPDI/HDI relation has a significant impact on the phase mixing, crystallinity and therefore on the PU’s properties. The variation of diisocyanate type ratio allows obtaining PUs of different nature from a high rubbery material with a high content in IPDI to high crystalline PU increasing the HDI content. Material transparency was also modified by decreasing the amorphous nature of the materials with the increase in the HDI content. The weather resistance of the final PU is related with the different isocyanate relation.

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Zhang, Ying Qiang, Chong Zhe Zhong, Wei Xu, Zhen Wu, Wen Jun Chen, and Li Hui Zhang. "Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Side-Chain Fluorinated Polyurethane." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.374.

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Waterborne side-chain fluorinated polyurethanes were prepared from fluorine-containing polyether polyol, N210, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as main materials through self-emulsified method. The factors on FWPU, including the particle size and distribution, solid content, the acid and alkali resistant properties of emulsion film, were investigated. The results indicated that the particle size of fluoronated polyurethane dispersion was small, and dispersion had good stability. The emulsion film had better chemical resistant properties.

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44

Zhang, Chao Gao, Xing Qiu, Yi Hu, Jin Ling Chen, Sheng Peng Wang, and Jin Qiang Liu. "The Preparation of Waterborne Sodium Bisulfite - Blocked Polyurethane Curing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1505.

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waterborne sodium bisulfite－blocked polyurethane was using polyether diols(N210), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the main material, sodium bisulfite as blocking agent, ethanol as the cosolvent. The effect of temperature and time of blocking reaction, alcohol than water were carefully studied. The best process parameter of blocking reaction: the temperature was 20°C; the reaction time was 45min; n(NaHSO3):n(NCO)=1.1; alcohol than water=1.85; the deblocking temperature determined by DSC was about 76～130°C

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45

Zheng, Lin Lu, and Lu Chen. "Study on Synthesis of IPDI-Based Waterborne Polyurethane." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.589.

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An IPDI-based waterborne polyurethane emulsion(WPU) was synthesized by the reaction of polyester glycol(PBA), di-methylol propionic acid(DMPA) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) instead of toluene di-isocyanatotoluene(TDI) because of its low toxicity, low saturated vapor pressure. The factors influencing the properties of IPDI -based WPU were discussed. It was observed that the appearance and properties of the IPDI -based WPU were nearly related with the ratio of NCO/OH(R) and the amount of DMPA.

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46

Liu, Lian, Li Na Heng, Qiu Zhi Zhai, and Pei Wang. "Polymerization and Properties of New Spray Polyurea Series Containing Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI)." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.953.

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Polyureas series were synthesized via two-step solution process by reaction of sophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), amine terminated polyether (Jeffamine D-2000) with different chain extenders including dimethyl-thiotoluene diamine (E300), 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) and 4,4-diamino cyclohexylmethane (H12MDA). The structure of polyureas was characterized and thermal properties were measured by TGA and DSC. The influence of diamine chain extenders on gel time of polyurea was investigated. The gel time was prolonged to 753s using the E-300 as the chain extenders.

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47

Tereshatov, Vasiliy, Zhanna Vnutskikh, Alexey Slobodinyuk, Marina Makarova, and Valeriy Senichev. "New multi-block isophorone diisocyanate-based copolymers with urethane urea hard segments." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 48, no. 4 (March 12, 2015): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244315576240.

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48

Inoue, Shin-ichi, and Yasuharu Nagai. "Efficient Cobalt Complex on the Reaction between Isophorone Diisocyanate and Diethylene Glycol." Polymer Journal 37, no. 5 (May 2005): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.37.380.

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49

Ducruet, Nicolas, Luc Delmotte, Gautier Schrodj, Francine Stankiewicz, Nancy Desgardin, Marie-France Vallat, and Bassel Haidar. "Evaluation of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-isophorone diisocyanate gel formation during crosslinking process." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, no. 1 (July 3, 2012): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38194.

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50

Yang, Peng Fei, Yan Hong Yu, Shun Ping Wang, and Tian Duo Li. "Kinetic Studies of Isophorone Diisocyanate-Polyether Polymerization with in situ FT-IR." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 16, no. 8 (November 2011): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2011.622107.

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