Relevant bibliographies by topics / Isotope geology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Isotope geology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Isotope geology"

1

Xu, Yingkui, Dan Zhu, Xiongyao Li, and Jianzhong Liu. "Why magnesium isotope fractionation is absent from basaltic melts under thermal gradients in natural settings." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (November 25, 2019): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001304.

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AbstractLaboratory experiments have shown that thermal gradients in silicate melts can lead to isotopic fractionation; this is known as the Richter effect. However, it is perplexing that the Richter effect has not been documented in natural samples as thermal gradients commonly exist within natural igneous systems. To resolve this discrepancy, theoretical analysis and calculations were undertaken. We found that the Richter effect, commonly seen in experiments with wholly molten silicates, cannot be applied to natural systems because natural igneous samples are more likely to be formed out of partially molten magma and the presence of minerals adds complexity to the behaviour of the isotope. In this study, we consider two related diffusion-rate kinetic isotope effects that originate from chemical diffusion, which are absent from experiments with wholly molten samples. We performed detailed calculations for magnesium isotopes, and the results indicated that the Richter effect for magnesium isotopes is buffered by kinetic isotope effects and the total value of magnesium isotope fractionation can be zero or even undetectable. Our study provides a new understanding of isotopic behaviour during the processes of cooling and solidification in natural magmatic systems.
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Doucet, Luc S., Oscar Laurent, Dmitri A. Ionov, Nadine Mattielli, Vinciane Debaille, and Wendy Debouge. "Archean lithospheric differentiation: Insights from Fe and Zn isotopes." Geology 48, no. 10 (June 19, 2020): 1028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47647.1.

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Abstract The Archean continental lithosphere consists of a dominantly felsic continental crust, made of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) and subordinate granitoids, and a cratonic lithospheric mantle, made of highly refractory peridotites. Whether they stemmed from the same process of differentiation from the primitive mantle, or were two distinct components that were physically juxtaposed, remains debated. Metal stable isotope ratios are sensitive to magmatic and metamorphic processes and do not evolve with time. Therefore, stable isotope ratios are complementary to radiogenic isotope ratios, and they allow direct comparisons to be made between different terrestrial components without age corrections. Isotopes of iron and zinc, metals ubiquitous in Earth’s lithosphere, can be tracers of lithospheric formation and evolution because they are affected by partial melting (Fe, Zn), redox state (Fe), and the presence of sulfides (Fe, Zn). Here, using stable Fe and Zn isotopic data from Archean samples of the lithospheric mantle and the continental crust, we show that Fe and Zn isotopes define a linear array, best explained by their coupled fractionation behavior during magmatic processes. Our data show that high degrees of partial melting (>30%) during the formation of the cratonic mantle and mafic protocrust, and reworking of the early crust significantly fractionate Fe and Zn isotopes. Conversely, Fe and Zn isotope ratios in the TTG are similar to those in Archean mafic rocks, suggesting an origin by fractional crystallization of basalt, and implying limited Fe and Zn isotopic fractionation, instead of partial melting of mafic crust. Moreover, the absence of Fe and Zn isotope decoupling due to redox effects, melt (fluid)–rock or sediment-rock interaction, and decarbonation indicates that subduction, at least as we understand it now, is not required to explain the Fe and Zn isotope composition of the Archean lithosphere.
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Wang, Yan, Zhongwei Wu, Yi Huang, Xiaoming Sun, Jinhui Yan, Fan Yang, Zhengxin Yin, and Li Xu. "Fe-Cu-Zn Isotopic Compositions in Polymetallic Sulfides from Hydrothermal Fields in the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge and Geological Inferences." Minerals 13, no. 7 (June 22, 2023): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070843.

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Submarine hydrothermal sulfides from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were sampled from three hydrothermal fields, and the Fe-Cu-Zn isotopic compositions were analyzed in this study. The Fe isotopes ranged from −0.011‰ to −1.333‰. We believe the processes controlling the Fe isotope variability in the hydrothermal systems include the sulfide precipitation process, the initial isotopic composition of the hydrothermal fluid, and the temperature during precipitation. Among these factors, the sulfide precipitation process is the dominant one. The Cu isotope compositions of the sulfides varied from −0.364‰ to 0.892‰, indicating that the hydrothermal fluid preferentially leached 65Cu in the early stages and that hydrothermal reworking led to decreases in the Cu isotopes in the later stages. In addition, because mass fractionation occurred during sulfide precipitation, the Zn isotope variations ranged from −0.060‰ to 0.422‰. Combined with the S isotopic compositions, these results also implied that different Fe-Cu-Zn isotopic fractionation mechanisms prevailed for the different sample types. Based on these results, we are sure that the metallic elements, including Fe, Cu, and Zn, were derived from the mantle in the SWIR hydrothermal field, and the Fe-Cu isotope results indicated that these metallic elements were provided by fluid leaching processes. Using the isotopic fractionation and sulfide results, we calculated that the Fe-Cu-Zn isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal fluid in this field were δ56Fe(fluid): −0.8~0.0‰; δ65Cu(fluid): 0.3~1.3‰; and δ66Zn(fluid): 0~0.48‰.
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Peters, Stefan T. M., Narges Alibabaie, Andreas Pack, Seann J. McKibbin, Davood Raeisi, Niloofar Nayebi, Farhad Torab, Trevor Ireland, and Bernd Lehmann. "Triple oxygen isotope variations in magnetite from iron-oxide deposits, central Iran, record magmatic fluid interaction with evaporite and carbonate host rocks." Geology 48, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46981.1.

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Abstract Oxygen isotope ratios in magnetite can be used to study the origin of iron-oxide ore deposits. In previous studies, only 18O/16O ratios of magnetite were determined. Here, we report triple O isotope data (17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios) of magnetite from the iron-oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits of the Yazd and Sirjan areas in central Iran. In contrast to previous interpretations of magnetite from similar deposits, the triple O isotope data show that only a few of the magnetite samples potentially record isotopic equilibrium with magma or with pristine magmatic water (H2O). Instead, the data can be explained if magnetite had exchanged O isotopes with fluids that had a mass-independently fractionated O isotope composition (i.e., MIF-O), and with fluids that had exchanged O isotopes with marine sedimentary carbonate rocks. The MIF-O signature of the fluids was likely obtained by isotope exchange with evaporite rocks of early Cambrian age that are associated with the IOA deposits in central Iran. In order to explain the triple O isotope composition of the magnetite samples in conjunction with available iron isotope data for magnetite from the deposits, we propose that magnetite formed from magmatic fluids that had interacted with evaporite and carbonate rocks at high temperatures and at variable water/rock ratios; e.g., magmatic fluids that had been released into the country rocks of a magma reservoir. Additionally, the magnetite could have formed from magmatic fluids that had exchanged O isotopes with SO2 and CO2 that, in turn, had been derived by the magmatic assimilation and/or metamorphic breakdown of evaporite and carbonate rocks.
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Dickin, Alan P., and Richard Muller. "Radiogenic Isotope Geology." Physics Today 49, no. 6 (June 1996): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807660.

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Corfield, Richard M., and Richard D. Norris. "Isotope Paleobiology and Paleoecology: So Why Should Paleontologists Care About Geochemistry?" Paleontological Society Papers 4 (October 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000371.

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Stable isotopic techniques in geology illuminate not only variations in past climates and oceans, but also the life-histories of extinct animals, plants and protistans. This volume focuses on the ways that stable isotopes can be used as tracers of the fossil biology and ecology of long-dead organisms and ecosystems. Here, we introduce relevant aspects of stable isotope systematics and provide a summary of the papers collected in this volume. The nine contributions collected here, from some of the most eminent workers in their respective fields, explore aspects of the ecology, evolution and biology of organisms from planktonic foraminifera to dinosaurs.
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Carlson, Richard W. "Principles of isotope geology." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, no. 6 (June 1987): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90361-9.

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Ji, Mingyu, Debin Jia, Zhang Hao, Jinyan Guo, Xiaoyan Li, Xiujuan Li, and Wenqiang Liu. "Isotope Applications Exploration and Research Progress." Journal of Engineering System 1, no. 4 (December 2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202302408.

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Isotopes, as key concepts in chemistry and physics, are extremely important for understanding elemental properties and behavior. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the basic theory of isotopes, including their definition and classification: stable isotopes versus radioactive isotopes. Isotopes not only have a place in theoretical studies, but also play a key role in several practical applications, such as radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment in medicine, isotopes for determining the age of rocks and fossils in geology, tracking sources of pollution and ecosystem changes in environmental sciences. In addition, this paper will explore recent advances in isotope research, including the discovery of new isotopes, the enhancement of isotope analysis techniques, and new applications of isotopes at the intersection of several disciplines, including biology, environmental science, and forensic science. Through these comprehensive discussions, this review aims to provide researchers and students in related fields with an updated and comprehensive research perspective and reference.
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He, Zhiwei, Bo Li, Xinfu Wang, Xianguo Xiao, Xin Wan, and Qingxi Wei. "The Origin of Carbonate Components in Carbonate Hosted Pb-Zn Deposit in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn Metallogenic Province and Southwest China: Take Lekai Pb-Zn Deposit as an Example." Minerals 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121615.

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The Lekai lead–zinc (Pb-Zn) deposit is located in the northwest of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province, southwest China. Even now, the source of the metallogenic fluid of Pb-Zn deposits in the SYG Pb-Zn metallogenic province has not been recognized. Based on traditional lithography, rare earth elements (REEs), and carbon–oxygen (C–O) isotopes, this work uses the magnesium (Mg) isotopes of hydrothermal carbonate to discuss the fluid source of the Lekai Pb-Zn deposit and discusses the fractionation mechaism of Mg isotopes during Pb-Zn mineralization. The REE distribution patterns of hydrothermal calcite/dolomite are similar to that of Devonian sedimentary carbonate rocks, which are all present steep right-dip type, indicating that sedimentary carbonate rocks may be serve as the main source units of ore-forming fluids. The C–O isotopic results of hydrothermal dolomite/calcite and the δ13CPDB–δ18 OSMOW diagram show that dolomite formation is closely related to the dissolution of marine carbonate rocks, and calcite may be affected to some extent by basement fluid. The Mg isotopic composition of dolomite/calcite ranges from −3.853‰ to −1.358‰, which is obviously lighter than that of chondrites, mantle, or seawater and close to that of sedimentary carbonate rock. It shows that the source of the Mg element in metallogenic fluid of Lekai Pb-Zn deposit may be sedimentary carbonate rock rather than mantle, chondrites, or seawater. In addition, the mineral phase controls the Mg isotope fractionation of dolomite/calcite in the Lekai Pb-Zn deposit. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and hydrothermal calcite/dolomite REE, C–O isotope, and Mg isotope values, this work holds that the mineralization of the Lekai Pb-Zn deposit is mainly caused by basin fluids, influenced by the basement fluids; the participation of basement fluids affects the scale and grade of the deposit.
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Deng, Chenglai, Changqing Hu, Ming Li, and Wu Li. "Iron Isotope Composition of Adakitic Rocks: The Shangcheng Pluton, Western Dabie Orogen, Central China." Minerals 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121356.

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There has been little research on the metal isotopic composition of adakitic rock. The main objective of our investigation was to obtain more knowledge on the iron isotopic composition of adakitic rocks and provide new evidence for the genesis of Shangcheng pluton from an iron isotope perspective. The Dabie orogen is divided into eastern and western areas by the Shangcheng-Macheng fault, and the Shangcheng pluton is located in the western Dabie orogen area. The iron isotopic composition of these rocks ranges from 0.08‰ to 0.20‰ (2SD, n = 3). The δ56Fe values of two rocks from the SGD (Sigudun) unit are relatively low (0.11 ± 0.03‰ and 0.08 ± 0.04‰), while the δ56Fe values of the other samples are basically consistent (0.18–0.2‰). Evidence from elemental geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis defines the Shangcheng pluton as adakitic rocks. Our investigation on the elemental and isotopic compositions hints that the enrichment of heavy iron isotopes cannot be explained by weathering/alteration and fluid exsolution. Fractional crystallization of magnetite may account for the enrichment of light iron isotopes in two rocks from the SGD unit, while the fractional iron isotope trend in the other five samples can be explained by Δ56Fecrystal-melt = ~0.035‰. Two investigated rocks from SGD units may have been derived from the partial melting of amphibolite, while the other five samples may have been derived from the partial melting of eclogite containing 10–15% garnet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Isotope geology"

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Morante, Richard. "Permian-Triassic stable isotope stratigraphy of Australia." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/47568.

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"September, 1995"
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Macquarie University, School of Earth Sciences, 1996.
Bibliography: leaves 171-183.
Introduction -- Australian ð¹³Corg-isotope profiles about the Permian-Triassic (P/TR) boundary -- Strontium isotope seawater curve in the late Permian of Australia -- ð¹³Cco₃ AND ð¹⁸Oco₃ seawater profiles through the Permian-Triassic of Australasia -- Paleomagnetic stratigraphy about the Permian/Triassic boundary in Australia -- Synthesis.
The Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction is the largest in the Phanerozoic and therefore is the major event in the Phanerozoic. The mass extinction cause is problematical but studying global geochemical and geophysical signatures about the Permian-Triassic boundary can provide insights into the cause of the mass extinction. Global events about the Permian-Triassic boundary are marked by changes in: ð¹³C values of carbon ; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in unaltered marine calcite ; magnetic polarity. -- This study aims to identify these features in the sedimentary record and to test the ca libration of the Australian biostratigraphical schemes to the global geological timescale. The following features are found in the Permian-Triassic sediments of Australia: a ð¹³Corg in Total Organic Carbon excursion in 12 marine and nonmarine sections from Northwest to Eastern Australia ; a ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr minimum in a composite section mainly from the Bowen Basin ; a magnetic polarity reversal in the Cooper Basin, central Australia. The Australian sections are thus time correlated, as follows: The negative ð¹³Corg excursion indicates the Permian-Triassic boundary and occurs: 1) in Eastern and Central Australia at the change from coal measures to barren measures with red beds at the beginning of the Early Triassic coal gap; 2) in Northwest Australia about the boundary between the Hyland Bay Formation and the Mount Goodwin Formation in the Bonaparte Basin and at the boundary between the Hardman Formation and the Blina Shale in the Canning Basin. The base of the negative ð¹³Corg excursion lies at or near the base of the Protohaploxypinus microcorpuspalynological zone. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr minimum determined about the Guadalupian/Ochoan stage boundary in North America is found in the Bowen Basin about the boundary between the Ingelara and Peawaddy Formations. The ð¹³Corg excursion in the Cooper Basin is near a magnetic reversal within the Permo-Triassic mixed superchron. The implications of these findings include: confirmation of the traditional placement of the Permian-Triassic boundary at the coal measures/barren measures with redbeds boundary in Eastern Australia ; the linking of the the Permian-Triassic boundary to a mass extinction of plant species on land and the beginning of the Triassic coal gap indicated by the Falcisporites Superzone base that is coincident with the negative ð¹³Corg excursion ; a mass extinction causal model that links the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr minimum determined about the Guadalupian/Ochoan stage boundary to a fall in sealevel that led to changing global environmental conditions. The model invokes greenhouse warming as a contributing cause of the mass extinction.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xii, 183 leaves ill., maps
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Nicholas, Christopher John. "Strontium isotope stratigraphy in the Cambrian system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321030.

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Diamond, Roger Edward. "Stable isotope hydrology of the Table Mountain group." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21190.

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Rain was collected from 2010 to 2012 at 15 locations around the Cape Fold Belt, at the same time as samples from rivers, springs, seeps and boreholes, totalling 435 samples. Precipitation ranged from -75 ‰ to +40 ‰ for δD and -12 ‰ to +8 ‰ for δ¹⁸O , showing seasonal patterns, with lower δ values in winter and higher in summer. Certain anomalous δ values can be attributed to individual weather events, such as thunderstorms. Using weighted data, the meteoric water line is δD = 6.15 δ¹⁸O + 8.21, which is similar to previous equations. The best fit line for groundwater δ values is δD = 7.09 δ¹⁸O + 10.08, the steeper gradient and higher intercept reflecting the predominance of heavy rainfall events with lower δ values in recharge, known as selection. The range of -47 ‰ to 0 ‰ for δD and -8 ‰ to -1 ‰ for δ¹⁸O values for all groundwater data is about half that of the rain values, due to the averaging effect from mixing during groundwater flow. Rainfall isotope composition is negatively correlated with continentality, as defined by the product of distance to the Atlantic and the closest coast. Isotope composition of rainfall is also strongly negatively correlated with altitude. Sites that are elevated within the landscape have a reduced altitude effect, such as tall peaks, whereas mountain valleys display enhanced altitude effects. Temporal and spatial variations in the strength of the amount effect reveal meteorological variability and emphasise the need for long term monitoring.
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Yu, Chunjiang. "Lead isotope compositions of subducting sediments around the Pacific." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/c%5Fyu%5F101705.pdf.

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Petach, Tanya N. "The Strontium Isotope Record of Zavkhan Terrane Carbonates: Strontium Isotope Stability Through the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398540.

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First order trends in the strontium isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) composition of seawater are controlled by radiogenic inputs from the continent and non-radiogenic inputs from exchange at mid-ocean ridges. Carbonates precipitated in seawater preserve trace amounts of strontium that record this isotope ratio and therefore record the relative importance of mid-ocean ridge and weathering chemical inputs to sea water composition. It has been proposed that environmental changes during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition may have enabled the rapid diversification of life commonly named the “Cambrian explosion.” Proposed environmental changes include 2.5x increase in mid-ocean ridge spreading at the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary and large continental fluxes sediment into oceans. These hypotheses rely on a poorly resolved strontium isotope curve to interpret Ediacran-Cambrian seawater chemistry. A refined strontium isotope curve through this time period may offer insight into the environmental conditions of the early Cambrian. New age models and detailed mapping in the Zavkhan terrane in west-central Mongolia provide the context necessary for robust geochemical analysis. This study aims to better resolve the coarse strontium isotope curve for the early Cambrian period by analyzing carbonate sequences in the Zavkhan basin. These carbonate sections are rapidly deposited, have undergone little diagenesis, and are likely to preserve a primary seawater signal. Strontium isotope analysis of these sequences was carried out to determine changes in hydrothermal activity and weathering fluxes during this time period. Recompiling these data with a global dataset of strontium isotopes through this time period indicates a stable strontium isotope signal through much of the early Cambrian. These data do not support previous hypotheses attributing the driving mechanism for the early Cambrian transition from Mg-dominated to Ca-dominated seas to increased sea floor spreading rates.
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Phillips, Robert John. "Isotope hydrogeology and aqueous geochemistry of selected British Columbia hotsprings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10156.

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Hydrogeochemical analyses of the thermal waters at Hotsprings Cove, west coast Vancouver Island, reveal the presence of a stable geothermal reservoir. Temperature (50.5$\sp\circ$C), and aqueous geochemical data are nearly identical to those dating back to 1898. $\delta\sp $O-D plots indicate local recharge for these thermal waters, whereas radiocarbon isotopes suggest mean residence times of several thousand years and modification by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Bromide/chloride ratios, when considered with tritium and $\sp{34}$S data, are indicative of minor seawater mixing near the discharge zone. Binary mixing models, with local recharge waters and local seawater as end-member components, point to maximum local seawater contributions of about 1% and 4% for Hotsprings Cove and associated Mate Island thermal waters, respectively. Most chemical and isotopic geothermometer estimates are 90$\sp\circ$C. The Ahouset hotspring, located 12 km south of Hotsprings Cove has low total dissolved solids, a pH of 10.05, and a different geochemistry. Data from the Selkirk Range show a consistent sodium-sulphate geochemistry among the three hotsprings sampled in the Kuskanax Batholith. All waters have low bicarbonate content. $\sp $C values in excess of 100 pmc at the Nakusp hotspring imply incorporation of $\sp $C-active DIC from soil zone organics entrained during recharge, with possible additional $\sp $C contributions occurring due to sulphate reduction and incorporation of soil zone organics during mixing with non-thermal groundwaters near discharge. $\sp $C-derived mean residence times for the sulphide-rich waters of Halcyon hotspring are also short; possibly ${\sim}$1000 years. Geothermometer estimates for all three springs are consistent and fall into two groups, one group near ${\sim}$90$\sp\circ$C and the other between 115$\sp\circ$C and 155$\sp\circ$C. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Beck, Kimberly D. "Investigation of the Lead Isotope Signatures of Marine Sediments in Relation to the Lead Isotope Signatures of Northern Andean Ores." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2201.

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Lead isotope ratios of ores and igneous rocks in the Central and Southern Andes show a large-scale geographic pattern related to magmatic source processes. This pattern changes in the Northern Andes for reasons that are not well understood; this study is an investigation of potential causes of this change. Deep ocean sediment samples from the Nazca Plate were analyzed for 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb, and the data were compared with published data on central Andean ores and ores and igneous rocks from Ecuador. Lead isotopic compositions of the Nazca Plate sediments are quite homogenous and are a close match with Andean ore lead in the coastal arc from central Perú through south-central Chile. However, the lead isotope ratios of the sediment samples are much lower than northern Perú and Ecuador ores. Variations in sediment composition are probably not the source of the northern Andean ore lead isotope pattern.
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Jones, Charles Edward. "Strontium isotopes in Jurassic and Early Cretaceous seawater." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe3733bd-8e31-4bba-a78b-6d8275a0075f.

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The collection and analysis of a large number of belemnites and oysters with excellent biostratigraphic and diagenetic control has resulted in a highly detailed determination of the seawater Sr-isotope curve through the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The new data confirm the broad trends established by previous work, but the much sharper resolution of the new data allows the application of Sr-isotope stratigraphy with an optimal stratigraphic resolution of ± 1 to 4 ammonite subzones (± 0.5 to 2 Ma). The data show a general decline from the Hettangian (Early Jurassic) to a minimum in the Callovian and Oxfordian (Middle/Late Jurassic). This is followed by an increase through the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) to a plateau reached in the Barremian (Early Cretaceous). In addition, there are major negative excursions in the Pliensbachian/Toarcian (Early Jurassic) and Aptian/Albian (Early Cretaceous). Stable isotope data collected from belemnites and oysters have resulted in the most extensive Jurassic δ13C and δ18O database to date. While both the carbon and oxygen data appear to give reasonable marine signals, the scatter in the data suggests that future research must document possible biological fractionation effects and develop better indicators for the diagenetic alteration of 613C and 6i 8O. The final chapter documents an unexpected correlation between sudden shifts in the Sr-isotope curve, the occurrence of positive 513C excursions, and the eruption of flood basalts. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous there is a correlation in time between sudden downward shifts in the Sr-isotope curve (Pliensbachian, Aptian, Cenomanian/Turonian), the occurance of positive 613C excursions, and the eruption of flood basalts. Each of these major downward shifts in the Sr-isotope curve is followed by a sudden upward shift, which although associated with a positive 613C excursion is not associated with an episode of flood basalt volcanism. In the Cenozoic the Sr-isotope curve no longer displays downward shifts, but the correlation continues between the occurrence of flood basalts and positive 513C excursions. Several lines of evidence suggest that the eruption of flood basalts is associated with pulses of hydrothermal activity, and that this hydrothermal activity brings about the conditions necessary for the genesis of carbon-burial events.
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Elders, Christopher Frank. "Caledonian tectonics from stratigraphy and isotope geochemistry of lower palaeozoic successions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf48a950-7ffb-4b58-bae3-915a2f7b5a94.

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The Southern Uplands of Scotland is interpreted as a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary complex which formed on the northern margin of the Iapetus Ocean. Seven conglomerates which contain detritus derived from the north-west, from sources on the Laurentian continental margin, were studied. Granite clasts in five of the conglomerates have distinct petrographic and geochemical characteristics which indicate that separate source areas supplied detritus to the Southern Uplands at different times. The Llandeilo Corsewall Point and Caradoc Glen Afton conglomerates, which occur in Tracts 1 and 2 of the Northern Belt, contain granite clasts that yield similar Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages (c. 1,200 Ma, 600-660 Ma and c. 475 Ma) and similar Sm-Nd model ages. This suggests that the clasts in the two conglomerates were derived from related sources. Some of the granite clasts in the early Ashgill Shinnel Formation conglomerate, which occurs in Tract 3 of the Northern Belt, resemble those in the Corsewall Point conglomerate, but most are petrographically and geochemically distinct, and yield younger Sm-Nd model ages. The lower Llandovery Pinstane Hill conglomerate occurs in Tract 4 of the Central Belt, and contains granitic detritus which yields a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 458 ± 26 Ma and has similar characteristics to the clasts in the Shinnel Formation conglomerate. The granite clasts in the Corsewall Point and Glen Afton conglomerates are of a different age to the granite intrusions of northern Scotland, and are unlikely to have been derived from this region. Conglomerates in the Midland Valley contain granite clasts with different petrographic and isotopic characteristics to those supplied to the Southern Uplands during the Llandeilo and Caradoc. However, north-west Newfoundland has a similar igneous history to that recorded by the Southern Uplands clasts, which could be derived from this region. The clasts supplied to the Shinnel Formation and Pinstane Hill conglomerates during the Ashgill and Llandovery have more in common with the granitic detritus in the Midland Valley. Thus, the Southern Uplands form a distinct Caledonian terrane which was south-east of Newfoundland in the Llandeilo, and was affected by sinistral strike-slip displacements during and after accretion.
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Wartho, Jo-Anne. "Argon isotope systematics and mineralogy of metamorphic hornblendes from the Karakoram." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304839.

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Books on the topic "Isotope geology"

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Faure, Gunter. Principles of isotope geology. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Attendorn, H. G. Radioactive and stable isotope geology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Spivack, Arthur J. Boron isotope geochemistry. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986.

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Allègre, Claude J. Introduction to isotope geology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Attendorn, H. G., and R. N. C. Bowen. Radioactive and Stable Isotope Geology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5840-4.

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E, Peterman Zell, and Schnabel Diane C, eds. Shorter contributions to isotope research: Topical reports on geochronology and isotope geochemistry. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Petrov, Oleg, ed. Isotope Geology of the Norilsk Deposits. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05216-4.

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DeWitt, Norris Richard, Corfield R. M, and Geological Society of America. Meeting, eds. Isotope paleobiology and paleoecology. [Fayetteville, AR]: Paleontological Society, 1998.

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Baskaran, Mark. Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry. Berlin: Springer, 2011.

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Córdoba, Argentina) South American Symposium on Isotope Geology (2nd 1999. Actas: II Simposio Sudamericano de Geología Isotópica = II South American Symposium on Isotope Geology : Argentina 1999. Córdoba: Subsecretaría de Minería de la Nación, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Isotope geology"

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Maaløe, Sven. "Isotope Geology." In Principles of Igneous Petrology, 329–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49354-6_13.

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Mathur, Ryan, and Yun Zhao. "Copper Isotopes Used in Mineral Exploration." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 433–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_14.

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AbstractThe use of copper isotopes related to ore deposit location and genesis has greatly expanded over the past twenty years. The isotope values in ores, rocks, soils, and water range greater than 10‰ and provide ample isotopic variation to identify and interpret complex geological process. From an exploration standpoint, the copper isotope values in waters, sulfides and weathered rocks vector to mineralization at depth. Ground and surface waters display the greatest potential for both green and brownfields exploration, whereas Fe-oxides and other related ore minerals isotope compositions for exploration are nascent. From an ore genesis perspective, the copper isotopes serve as a redox proxy to aid in unraveling magmatic and hydrothermal processes related to metal sulfide precipitation. In summary, the use of copper isotopic approaches by the mining industry are ideal as they point to processes directly related to the metal of economic interest and should be employed in all stages of the mine life from exploration to extraction, and to environmental monitoring post-mining activities.
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Huston, David L., and David C. Champion. "Applications of Lead Isotopes to Ore Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 155–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_6.

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AbstractAlthough lead isotopes are most commonly used to date geological events, including mineralizing events, they also can provide information on many aspects of metallogeny and can be directly used in mineral exploration. Lead isotope data are generally reported as ratios of radiogenic isotopes normalized to the non-radiogenic isotope 204Pb (e.g. 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb). These ratios can be used in exploration to characterize the style of mineralization, metal (i.e. Pb) source and as vectors to ore. When combined with lead isotope evolution models, the data can be used to indicate the age and tectonic environment of mineralization. The raw ratios and evolution models enable calculation of derived parameters such as μ (238U/204Pb), κ (232Th/238U) and ω (232Th/204Pb), which provide more information about tectonic setting and can be contoured to identify crustal boundaries and metallogenic provinces. In some cases, tectonic boundaries, mapped using gradients in μ and other derived parameters, are fundamental controls on the distribution of certain deposit types in space and time. Moreover, crustal character, as determined by lead and other radiogenic isotopes (e.g. Nd) can be an indicator of province fertility for many deposit types. The development of cost effective analytical techniques and the assembly of large geo-located datasets for lead and other isotope data has enabled significant advances in understanding the genesis and localization of many deposit type, particularly when the isotopic data are integrated with other independent datasets such as potential field, magnetotelluric, passive seismic and geochemical data.
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Huston, David L., Robert B. Trumbull, Georges Beaudoin, and Trevor Ireland. "Light Stable Isotopes (H, B, C, O and S) in Ore Studies—Methods, Theory, Applications and Uncertainties." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 209–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_8.

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AbstractVariations in the abundances of light stable isotopes, particularly those of hydrogen, boron, carbon, oxygen and sulfur, were essential in developing mineralization models. The data provide constraints on sources of hydrothermal fluids, carbon, boron and sulfur, track interaction of these fluids with the rocks at both the deposit and district scales, and establish processes of ore deposition. In providing such constraints, isotopic data have been integral in developing genetic models for porphyry-epithermal, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide, orogenic gold, sediment-hosted base metal and banded-iron formation-hosted iron ore systems, as discussed here and in other chapters in this book. After providing conventions, definitions and standards used to present stable isotope data, this chapter summarizes analytical methods, both bulk and in situ, discusses processes that fractionate stable isotopes, documents the isotopic characteristics of major fluid and rock reservoirs, and then shows how stable isotope data have been used to better understand ore-forming processes and to provide vectors to ore. Analytical procedures, initially developed in the 1940s for carbon–oxygen analysis of bulk samples of carbonate minerals, have developed so that, for most stable isotopic systems, spots as small as a few tens of μm are routinely analyzed. This precision provides the paragenetic and spatial resolution necessary to answer previously unresolvable genetic questions (and create new questions). Stable isotope fractionation reflects geological and geochemical processes important in ore formation, including: (1) phase changes such as boiling, (2) water–rock interaction, (3) cooling, (4) fluid mixing, (5) devolatilization, and (6) redox reactions, including SO2 disproportionation caused by the cooling of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and photolytic dissociation in the atmosphere. These processes commonly produce gradients in isotopic data, both in time and in space. These gradients, commonly mappable in space, provide not only evidence of process but also exploration vectors. Stable isotope data can be used to estimate the conditions of alteration or mineralization when data for coexisting minerals are available. These estimates use experimentally- or theoretically-determined fractionation equations to estimate temperatures of mineral formation. If the temperature is known from isotopic or other data (e.g., fluid inclusion data or chemical geothermometers), the isotopic composition of the hydrothermal fluid components can be estimated. If fluid inclusion homogenization and compositional data exist, the pressure and depth of mineralization can be estimated. One of the most common uses of stable isotope data has been to determine, or more correctly delimit, fluid and sulfur sources. Estimates of the isotopic compositions of hydrothermal fluids, in most cases, do not define unequivocal sources, but, rather, eliminate sources. As an example, the field of magmatic fluids largely overlap that of metamorphic fluids in δ18O-δD space, but are significantly different to the fields of meteoric waters and seawater. As such, a meteoric or seawater origin for a fluid source may be resolvable, but a magmatic source cannot be resolved from a metamorphic source. Similarly, although δ34S ~ 0‰ is consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal sulfur source, the signature can also be produced by leaching of an igneous source. Recent analytical and conceptual advances have enabled gathering of new types of isotopic data and application of these data to resolve new problems in mineral deposit genesis and geosciences in general. Recent developments such as rapid isotopic analysis of geological materials or clumped isotopes will continue to increase the utility of stable isotope data in mineral deposit genesis and metallogeny, and, importantly, for mineral exploration.
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Wilkinson, Jamie J. "The Potential of Zn Isotopes in the Science and Exploration of Ore Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 451–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_15.

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AbstractSince the turn of the Century, the growth in development and application of zinc isotopes to multiple fields in terrestrial and planetary sciences has been exponential. The potential for the application of zinc isotope systematics to ore deposit formation processes was obvious from the outset, given that they represent the most significant concentrations of zinc on Earth and because this approach allowed, for the first time, direct assessment of zinc metal origins and transport. This contribution presents a brief summary of the notation and analytical procedures for analysis of zinc isotopes and summarizes the terrestrial data reported to date. These results show that the variation in zinc isotope composition in rocks and ore systems is in fact rather small (< 2 ‰), linked, at least in part, to the single oxidation state in which zinc occurs in nature. Based on an assessment of the literature, the principal mechanisms for causing isotopic fractionation are all relatively low temperature processes: (i) biogenic; (ii) supergene dissolution-reprecipitation; (iii) adsorption–desorption reactions; and (iv) hydrothermal precipitation. High temperature igneous processes do not appear to produce significant isotopic variations. In ore deposit studies, it currently appears unlikely that zinc isotopes can be used to constrain potential metal sources, apart from zinc derived from carbonate host rocks which tends to be isotopically heavy. However, there are a number of systems in which systematic variation in δ66Zn of sulfides suggests that Rayleigh-type fractionation during ore mineral precipitation occurs, opening up the possibility of using zinc isotopes to trace flow paths and vector in towards mineralized centers. Modeling of such hydrothermal processes is currently hindered by a paucity of experimentally-determined fractionation factors, but as such work is done, our ability to better understand and utilize zinc isotopic zonation patterns for the purposes of mineral exploration will be progressively enhanced.
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Attendorn, H. G., and R. N. C. Bowen. "Isotope geothermometers." In Radioactive and Stable Isotope Geology, 471–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5840-4_19.

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Huston, David L., Ian Lambert, and Jens Gutzmer. "Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogeny and Exploration—An Introduction." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_1.

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AbstractAlthough (Soddy, Nature 92:399–400, 1913) inferred the existence of isotopes early last century, it was not until the discovery of the neutron by (Chadwick, Nature 129:312, 1932) that isotopes were understood to result from differing numbers of neutrons in atomic nuclei. (Urey, J Chem Soc 1947:562–581, 1947) predicted that different isotopes would behave slightly differently in chemical (and physical) reactions due to mass differences, leading to the concept of isotopic fractionation. The discovery that some elements transformed into other elements by radioactive decay happened even before the recognition of isotopes (Rutherford and Soddy, Lond Edinb Dublin Philos Mag 4:370–396, 1902), although the role that different isotopes played in this process was discovered later. The twin, and related, concepts of isotopes and radioactive decay have been used by geoscience and other scientific disciplines as tools to understand geochemical processes such as mineralization, and also the age and duration of these processes. This book is a review of how isotope geoscience has developed to better understand the processes of ore formation and metallogenesis, and thereby improve mineral system models used in exploration.
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Petrov, O., S. Sergeev, R. Krymsky, S. Presnyakov, N. Rodionov, A. Larionov, E. Lepekhina, and D. Sergeev. "Isotope Chronology of Geological Processes." In Springer Geology, 215–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05216-4_8.

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Lobato, Lydia Maria, Rosaline Cristina Figueiredo e Silva, Thomas Angerer, Mônica de Cássia Oliveira Mendes, and Steffen G. Hagemann. "Iron Isotopes Applied to BIF-Hosted Iron Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 399–432. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_13.

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AbstractPublished and unpublished iron isotope data from banded iron formations (BIF) and their BIF-hosted hypogene (hydrothermal) iron ores from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (itabirites), Corumbá, and Carajás iron districts in Brazil, as well as from the Hamersley province in Australia are presented and discussed. BIF constitutes a typically thinly bedded or laminated chemical sedimentary rock, with ≥ 15% Fe and layers of chert, chalcedony, jasper, or quartz, whereas itabirite is considered a laminated, metamorphosed iron formation rich in iron oxides, which may contain carbonate minerals, amphiboles, and abundant quartz. For the Paleoproterozoic Quadrilátero Ferrífero district, the range in δ56Fe values of hypogene iron ores is similar to that of the metamorphosed BIFs, and iron isotope variations are better distinguished in different regional deformational domains. Light isotopic compositions dominate in the low deformation domain (δ56Fe = −0.42 ± 0.12 to 0.29 ± 0.04‰), whereas the eastern, high-strain domain is characterized by heavy values (δ56Fe = −0.09 ± 0.08 to 0.37 ± 0.06‰; Mendes et al., Mineral Deposita 52:159–180, 2017). Iron isotope composition for the Neoproterozoic iron formations of the Corumbá region (hematitic, dolomite-rich: −1.83 and −0.83‰; cherty-hematite: δ56Fe −0.49‰) are controlled by: (1) primary seawater signature, (2) microbial activity, and (3) supergene goethite alteration. Hydrothermal alteration is reflected in the oxygen isotope data, but apparently not in the iron isotope fractionation. Iron and oxygen isotope pairing shows that δ56Fe values increase, while δ18O values decrease. In the Archean jaspilites of Carajás, hypogene ores tend to display lighter δ56Fe values than their host BIF counterparts. Also, there is a correlation between coupled iron and oxygen isotope values that is clearer towards lighter isotopic values, especially for δ18O. In the Paleoproterozoic Hamersley deposits, correlation between δ18O and δ56Fe values suggests a direct correlation of both isotope systems during low-grade, greenschist-facies metamorphism. On the other hand, despite the evident shift to negative δ18O values and apparent preservation of the metamorphic δ56Fe signature, iron ore and hydrothermally modified BIF show a correlation between δ18O and δ56Fe values. In contrast, in supergene-modified samples a negative correlation is apparent. The Carajás (+1.24 to + 0.44; one sample − 0.30‰) and Hamersley (+ 1.02 to − 0.29‰) hypogene ores display δ56Fe in a similar interval, reaching positive values, whereas ores from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero show a tendency towards lower values (to − 0.80‰). This review indicates that the application of iron isotopes in exploration is presently limited mainly due to the restricted dataset available for ore samples. Nevertheless, and despite all local differences, there is a general tendency for hypogene ores to display moderately lighter δ56Fe values for all deposits compared to precursor BIF. In contrast, a strong supergene imprint in ore leads to moderately heavier δ56Fe values. As more data become available, and if these trends are confirmed, the use of this tool may be valuable in the future, for instance to decipher the hypogene or supergene origin of specific ore zones, and as a consequence the probable depth extension or interpretation of concealed, deep orebodies.
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Quesnel, Benoît, Christophe Scheffer, and Georges Beaudoin. "The Light Stable Isotope (Hydrogen, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Silicon, Sulfur) Composition of Orogenic Gold Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 283–328. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_10.

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AbstractOrogenic gold deposits formed in various terranes of most ages since the Paleoarchean and generally consist of quartz veins hosted in shear zones formed at the ductile brittle transition under greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic conditions. Vein mineralogy is dominated by quartz with various amounts of silicates, carbonates, phyllosilicates, borates, tungstates, sulfides, and oxides. The isotopic composition of these minerals and fluid inclusions has been investigated since the 1960s to constrain the characteristics of orogenic fluid systems involved in the formation of gold deposits worldwide. This review is based on 8580 stable isotope analyses, including δ18O, δD, δ13C, δ34S δ15N, δ11B, and δ30Si values, from 5478 samples from 558 orogenic gold deposits reported in the literature from 1960 to 2010. This contribution describes the variability of the light stable isotopic systems as function of the minerals, the age of the deposits, their regional setting, and their country rocks. The temperature of isotopic equilibrium of orogenic gold veins is estimated from mineral pairs for oxygen and sulfur isotopes. Based on these temperatures, and on fractionation between mineral and fluid components (H2O, CO2 and H2S), the isotopic composition of fluids is estimated to better constrain the main parameters shared by most of auriferous orogenic fluid systems. Orogenic gold deposits display similar isotopic features through time, suggesting that fluid conditions and sources leading to the formation of orogenic gold deposits did not change significantly from the Archean to the Cenozoic. No consistent secular variations of mineral isotope composition for oxygen (−8.1‰ ≤ δ18O ≤ 33‰, n = 4011), hydrogen (−187‰ ≤ δD ≤ −4‰, n = 246), carbon (−26.7‰ ≤ δ13C ≤ 12.3‰, n = 1179), boron (−21.6‰ ≤ δ11B ≤ 9‰, n = 119), and silicon (−0.5‰ ≤ δ30Si ≤ 0.8‰, n = 33) are documented. Only nitrogen (1.6‰ ≤ δ15N ≤ 23.7‰, n = 258) and sulfide sulfur from deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks (−27.2‰ ≤ δ34S ≤ 25‰, n = 717) display secular variations. For nitrogen, the change in composition is interpreted to record the variation of δ15N values of sediments devolatilized during metamorphism. For sulfur, secular variations reflect incorporation of local sedimentary sulfur of ultimate seawater origin. No significant variation of temperature of vein formation is documented for orogenic gold deposits of different ages. Quartz-silicate, quartz-carbonate and sulfide-sulfide mineral pairs display consistent temperatures of 360 ± 76 °C (1σ; n = 332), in agreement with the more common greenschist facies hostrocks and fluid inclusion microthermometry. Fluid sources for orogenic gold deposits are complex but the isotopic systems (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) are most consistent with contributions from metamorphic fluids released by devolatilization of igneous, volcano-sedimentary and/or sedimentary rocks. The contribution of magmatic water exsolved from magma during crystallization is not a necessary component, even if permissible in specific cases. Isotopic data arrays can be interpreted as the result of fluid mixing between a high T (~550 °C)—high δ18O (~10‰)—low δD (~−60‰) deep-seated (metamorphic) fluid reservoir and a low T (~200 °C)—low δ18O (~2‰)—high δD (~0‰) upper crustal fluid reservoir in a number of orogenic gold deposits. The origin of the upper crustal fluid is most likely sea- or meteoric water filling the host rock porosity, with a long history of water–rock isotope exchange. Mixing of deep-seated and upper crustal fluids also explains the large variation of tourmaline δ11B values from orogenic gold veins. Regional spatial variations of oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of deep-seated fluid reservoirs are documented between orogenic gold districts. This is the case for the Val-d’Or (Abitibi), Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie (Yilgarn) where the oxygen isotope composition of the deep-seated fluid end-member is 4‰ lower compared to that from the Timmins, Larder Lake, and Kirkland Lake districts (Abitibi). However, both mixing trends converge towards a common, low δ18O upper crustal fluid end-member. Such variations cannot be related to fluid buffering at the site of deposition and suggest provinciality of the fluid source. The contribution of meteoric water is mainly recorded by fluid inclusions from Mesozoic and Cenozoic age deposits, but micas are not systematically in isotopic equilibrium with fluid inclusions trapped in quartz from the same vein. This suggests late involvement of meteoric water unrelated to deposit formation. Yet, a number of deposits with low δD mica may record infiltration of meteoric water in orogenic gold deposits. Isotope exchange between mineralizing fluid and country rocks is documented for oxygen, carbon, sulfur and silicon isotopes. Large variations (> 10‰) of sulfide δ34S values at the deposit scale are likely related to evolving redox conditions of the mineralizing fluid during reaction with country rocks. Deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks show a shift to higher δ18O values as a result of fluid/rock oxygen exchange with the regional sedimentary country rocks.
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Conference papers on the topic "Isotope geology"

1

Di Daniel, A., D. Strąpoć, C. Shrivastava, and C. Murlidhar. "Isotope Logging: A Case Study of Integration with Borehole Geology." In Third EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903314.

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Almasinia, B., S. Ali Moallemi, F. Fürsich, and M. Ahmad Hosseini. "Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy at Middle Eocene from the Zagros Mountains of Iran." In Sixth Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201602391.

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Lubeseder, S., J. Kuss, and M. Zahran. "Mid Cretaceous Stratigraphy, Facies and Carbon-Isotope Curves of Northwest-Qatar." In Second Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145348.

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Cestari, R., and M. Orlando. "High Resolution Sr Isotope Stratigraphy in the Turonian-Maastrichtian Carbonates of the Periadriatic Domain." In EAGE Conference on Geology and Petroleum Geology of the Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean Basins. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406068.

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Hoenig, M. R. "Carbonate Factory Evolution and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy Across the T-J Boundary from the Musandam Peninsula (UAE)." In Fifth EAGE Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411939.

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H. Nader, Fadi, H. R. Pour-Bonab, and M. R. Kamali and M. Peyravi. "Carbon- and Oxygen-isotope Stratigraphy: A Tool for Confirming Sequence Stratigraphy in the Early Triassic Kangan Formation, Northern Part of the Arabian Plate." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144052.

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Richoz, S., A. Baud, and L. Krystyn and M. Horacek. "Upper Permian to Lower Triassic Carbon Isotope Record in the Oman and Zagros Mountains: An Overview from the Shallow Platform to the Basin." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144062.

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Davis, C., L. Pratt, L. Mompart, and B. Murat. "Sedimentary Geology and Carbon - Isotope Stratigraphy of Cretaceous Marine Strata in Western Venezuela." In 5th Simposio Bolivariano - Exploracion Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.116.051eng.

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Tomshin, M. D. "GEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRUSIVE TRAPS IN THE EASTERN SIBERIAN PLATFORM." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b11/s1.014.

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Neog, N., N. S. Rao, A. Al. Darmi, M. Y. M. Al.Dousiri, T. De Keyser, and C. G. S. C. Kendall. "Complex Carbonate Evaporite Reservoir Description Using Isotope Geo-chemistry and Ichno-facies to Fine-tune a High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Framework Model of Marrat Reservoirs." In Fifth EAGE Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411945.

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Reports on the topic "Isotope geology"

1

Longerich, H. P., S. E. Jackson, G. A. Jenner, and B. J. Fryer. Determination of the isotope ratio 147Sm/145Nd, for application to isotope geology using ICP-MS. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193268.

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Clough, J. G., M. S. Robinson, K. H. Clautice, and R. B. Blodgett. Evaluation unit 35 - Charley River and Black River quadrangles, east-central Alaska: General geology and geochemical, major oxide, and lead isotope data. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1570.

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Hanson, A. E. H., and A. R. English. Investigation of the inorganic groundwater quality in the West Yellowstone Basin, Gallatin County, Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59691/zwcs7648.

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Report on inorganic groundwater quality in the West Yellowstone Basin, based on sampling completed in 2021 and review of previous groundwater sampling data collected in the basin by the MBMG. Inorganic sampling data collected and reviewed includes water-quality parameters, major ions, trace elements, water isotopes, strontium isotopes, and radon. Preliminary identification of aquifers is provided based on the water quality sampling data, well log records, and published geologic maps of the area.
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Peter, J. M., and M. G. Gadd. Introduction to the volcanic- and sediment-hosted base-metal ore systems synthesis volume, with a summary of findings. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328015.

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This volume presents results of research conducted during phase 5 of the Volcanic- and Sedimentary-hosted Base Metals Ore Systems project of the Geological Survey of Canada's Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) program. The papers in this volume include syntheses and primary scientific reports. We present here a synopsis of the findings during this TGI project. Research activities have addressed several mineral deposit types hosted in sedimentary rocks: polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale, sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn, carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type; MVT), and fracture-controlled replacement Zn-Pb. Other carbonate-hosted deposits studied include a magnesite deposit at Mount Brussilof and a rare-earth element-F-Ba deposit at Rock Canyon Creek, both of which lack base metals but are spatially associated with the MVT deposits in the southern Rocky Mountains. Volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposits hosted in volcanic and mixed volcanic-sedimentary host rock settings were also examined. Through field geology, geochemical (lithogeochemistry, stable and radiogenic isotopes, fluid inclusions, and mineral chemistry), and geophysical (rock properties, magnetotelluric, and seismic) tools, the TGI research contributions have advanced genetic and exploration models for volcanic- and sedimentary-hosted base-metal deposits and developed new laboratory, geophysical, and field techniques to support exploration.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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6

Steenkamp, H. M., N. Wodicka, O. M. Weller, J. Kendrick, I. Therriault, T. Peterson, C. J M Lawley, and V. Tschirhart. Bedrock geology, Wager Bay area, Kivalliq, Nunavut, parts of NTS 56-F, G. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331890.

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New geological mapping in the Tehery Lake-Wager Bay area of northwestern Hudson Bay, Nunavut, frames the emplacement, depositional, and metamorphic histories of the dominant rock types, major structures, and links to neighbouring areas of the central Rae Craton and Chesterfield Block. The area is divided into six domains (Ukkusiksalik, Douglas Harbour, Gordon, and Lunan domains presented here, and Kummel Lake Domain and Daly Bay Complex on adjoining maps) defined by large-scale structures and characterized by differing metamorphic assemblages, Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic data, and/or specific lithologies. Meso- to Neoarchean granitoid rocks underlie most of the area and are tectonically intercalated with Archean (volcano)sedimentary packages (Kummel Lake, Lorillard, and Paliak belts). These rocks are locally intruded by ca. 2.62 to 2.58 Ga Snow Island suite granite and cut by younger, thin, east-trending diabase dykes. Paleoproterozoic (volcano)sedimentary rocks are preserved in the Kingmirit belt (Daly Bay Complex) and in basement-cover infolds of Ketyet River group-equivalent strata (Douglas Harbour and Ukkusiksalik domains). In the south, the Daly Bay Complex (comprising mostly mafic granulite-facies rocks) and Kummel Lake Domain (a granulite-grade core complex) share some characteristics with rocks of the Kramanituar and Uvauk complexes, which may delineate the northeastern segment of the ca. 1.90 Ga Snowbird tectonic zone. The Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogeny had widespread, penetrative structural and metamorphic effects on the area, and led to the intrusion of the ca. 1.85 to 1.81 Ga Hudson suite monzogranite and mafic ultrapotassic rocks, and ca. 1.83 Ga monzodiorite in the Ukkusiksalik and Douglas Harbour domains. The area is cut by large, southeast-trending gabbro dykes of the 1.267 Ga Mackenzie igneous event.
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7

Kingston, A. W., and O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (&amp;gt;140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.
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8

Steenkamp, H. M., N. Wodicka, C. J M Lawley, T. Peterson, O. M. Weller, J. Kendrick, and V. Tschirhart. Bedrock geology, Armit Lake area, Kivalliq, Nunavut, NTS 56-B and 56-C east. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331889.

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Abstract:
New geological mapping in the Tehery Lake-Wager Bay area of northwestern Hudson Bay, Nunavut, frames the emplacement, depositional, and metamorphic histories of the dominant rock types, major structures, and links to neighbouring areas of the central Rae Craton and Chesterfield Block. The area is divided into six domains (Gordon, Lunan, and Kummel Lake domains presented here, and Ukkusiksalik and Douglas Harbour domains and Daly Bay Complex on adjoining maps) defined by large-scale structures and characterized by differing metamorphic assemblages, Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic data, and/or specific lithologies. Meso- to Neoarchean granitoid rocks underlie most of the area and are tectonically intercalated with Archean (volcano)sedimentary packages (Kummel Lake, Lorillard, and Paliak belts). These rocks are locally intruded by ca. 2.62 to 2.58 Ga Snow Island suite granite and cut by younger, thin, east-trending diabase dykes. Paleoproterozoic (volcano)sedimentary rocks are preserved in the Kingmirit belt (Daly Bay Complex) and in basement-cover infolds of Ketyet River group-equivalent strata (Douglas Harbour and Ukkusiksalik domains). In the south, the Daly Bay Complex (comprising mostly mafic granulite-facies rocks) and Kummel Lake Domain (a granulite-grade core complex) share some characteristics with rocks of the Kramanituar and Uvauk complexes, which may delineate the northeastern segment of the ca. 1.90 Ga Snowbird tectonic zone. The Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogeny had widespread, penetrative structural and metamorphic effects on the area, and led to the intrusion of the ca. 1.85 to 1.81 Ga Hudson suite monzogranite and mafic ultrapotassic rocks, and ca. 1.83 Ga monzodiorite in the Ukkusiksalik and Douglas Harbour domains. The area is cut by large, southeast-trending gabbro dykes of the 1.267 Ga Mackenzie igneous event.
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9

Fritz, S. J. Hyperfiltration-induced fractionation of lithium isotopes in geologic systems. Progress report, April 1, 1991--December 1, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104623.

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10

Fritz, S. J. Hyperfiltration-induced fractionation of lithium isotopes in geologic systems. Progress report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10105830.

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