Academic literature on the topic 'Isotope pattern calculator'

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Journal articles on the topic "Isotope pattern calculator"

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Arnold, L. J. "Mass spectra and the Macintosh: Isotope pattern calculator. A program to calculate isotopic ratios for molecular fragments." Journal of Chemical Education 69, no. 10 (1992): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed069p811.1.

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Behrmann-Godel, J., and E. Yohannes. "Multiple isotope analyses of the pike tapeworm Triaenophorus nodulosus reveal peculiarities in consumer–diet discrimination patterns." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 2 (2014): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000849.

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AbstractPrevious studies of dietary isotope discrimination have led to the general expectation that a consumer will exhibit enriched stable isotope levels relative to its diet. Parasite–host systems are specific consumer–diet pairs in which the consumer (parasite) feeds exclusively on one dietary source: host tissue. However, the small numbers of studies previously carried out on isotopic discrimination in parasite–host (ΔXP-HT) systems have yielded controversial results, showing some parasites to be isotopically depleted relative to their food source, while others are enriched or in equilibrium with their hosts. Although the mechanism for these deviations from expectations remains to be understood, possible influences of specific feeding niche or selection for only a few nutritional components by the parasite are discussed. ΔXP-HT for multiple isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) were measured in the pike tapeworm Triaenophorus nodulosus and two of its life-cycle fish hosts, perch Perca fluviatilis and pike Esox lucius, within which T. nodulosus occupies different feeding locations. Variability in the value of ΔXP-HT calculated for the parasite and its different hosts indicates an influence of feeding location on isotopic discrimination. In perch liver ΔXP-HT was relatively more negative for all three stable isotopes. In pike gut ΔXP-HT was more positive for δ13C, as expected in conventional consumer–diet systems. For parasites feeding on pike gut, however, the δ15N and δ34S isotope values were comparable with those of the host. We discuss potential causes of these deviations from expectations, including the effect of specific parasite feeding niches, and conclude that ΔXP-HT should be critically evaluated for trophic interactions between parasite and host before general patterns are assumed.
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Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G., Karin Sörgel, Anja Luckner, et al. "A Triple-Isotope Approach to Predict the Breeding Origins of European Bats." PLoS ONE 7, no. 1 (2012): e30388. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435391.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Despite a commitment by the European Union to protect its migratory bat populations, conservation efforts are hindered by a poor understanding of bat migratory strategies and connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds. Traditional methods like mark-recapture are ineffective to study broad-scale bat migratory patterns. Stable hydrogen isotopes (dD) have been proven useful in establishing spatial migratory connectivity of animal populations. Before applying this tool, the method was calibrated using bat samples of known origin. Here we established the potential of dD as a robust geographical tracer of breeding origins of European bats by measuring dD in hair of five sedentary bat species from 45 locations throughout Europe. The dD of bat hair strongly correlated with well-established spatial isotopic patterns in mean annual precipitation in Europe, and therefore was highly correlated with latitude. We calculated a linear mixed-effects model, with species as random effect, linking dD of bat hair to precipitation dD of the areas of hair growth. This model can be used to predict breeding origins of European migrating bats. We used d13C and d15N to discriminate among potential origins of bats, and found that these isotopes can be used as variables to further refine origin predictions. A triple-isotope approach could thereby pinpoint populations or subpopulations that have distinct origins. Our results further corroborated stable isotope analysis as a powerful method to delineate animal migrations in Europe.
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Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G., Karin Sörgel, Anja Luckner, et al. "A Triple-Isotope Approach to Predict the Breeding Origins of European Bats." PLoS ONE 7, no. 1 (2012): e30388. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435391.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Despite a commitment by the European Union to protect its migratory bat populations, conservation efforts are hindered by a poor understanding of bat migratory strategies and connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds. Traditional methods like mark-recapture are ineffective to study broad-scale bat migratory patterns. Stable hydrogen isotopes (dD) have been proven useful in establishing spatial migratory connectivity of animal populations. Before applying this tool, the method was calibrated using bat samples of known origin. Here we established the potential of dD as a robust geographical tracer of breeding origins of European bats by measuring dD in hair of five sedentary bat species from 45 locations throughout Europe. The dD of bat hair strongly correlated with well-established spatial isotopic patterns in mean annual precipitation in Europe, and therefore was highly correlated with latitude. We calculated a linear mixed-effects model, with species as random effect, linking dD of bat hair to precipitation dD of the areas of hair growth. This model can be used to predict breeding origins of European migrating bats. We used d13C and d15N to discriminate among potential origins of bats, and found that these isotopes can be used as variables to further refine origin predictions. A triple-isotope approach could thereby pinpoint populations or subpopulations that have distinct origins. Our results further corroborated stable isotope analysis as a powerful method to delineate animal migrations in Europe.
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Pracht, Hilde, Brett Metcalfe, and Frank J. C. Peeters. "Oxygen isotope composition of the final chamber of planktic foraminifera provides evidence of vertical migration and depth-integrated growth." Biogeosciences 16, no. 2 (2019): 643–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-643-2019.

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Abstract. The translation of the original seawater signal (i.e. ambient temperature and δ18Osw) into distinct chambers of a single shell of a foraminifer during calcification can influence our interpretation of surface ocean conditions of the past, when based upon oxygen and carbon stable isotope geochemistry. In this study three different hypotheses were tested to gain more insight into biological and ecological processes that influence the resultant composition of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) in the shells of planktonic foraminifera. These hypotheses were related to the shell size; the differences in isotopic composition between the final chamber and the remaining shell; and the differences between different species. Shells of Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber white and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei were picked from the top of multi-core GS07-150-24, of modern age, offshore of north-eastern Brazil (3∘46.474′ S, 37∘03.849′ W) and analysed for single-shell and single-chamber stable isotope analysis. We show that the mean value of δ18O of the final chambers (δ18OF) is 0.2 ‰ ± 0.4 ‰ (1σ) higher than the mean value δ18O of the test minus the final chamber (δ18O<F) of T. sacculifer. The formation of the final chamber happens at temperatures that are approximately 1 ∘C cooler than the chambers formed prior, suggesting both ontogenetic depth migration to deeper water and a potential offset from the surface signal. Furthermore, we show that there is no statistical difference in the δ18Osacculifer values of shells of three different size classes of T. sacculifer, although the pattern between the different size classes indicates depth migration during the life and growth of T. sacculifer. Comparison of vital effect corrected δ18Oshell between T. sacculifer, G. ruber white and N. dutertrei suggests that G. ruber has a slightly shallower depth habitat (∼90–120 m) compared to the other two species (∼100–130 m). Disentangling depth vs. seasonal habitat is complicated given the commonality between isotope values from similar depths but different seasons; for instance, the same average isotope value will have a shallower depth habitat in May than September. Calculation of seasonal-depth habitat was therefore tested. Our results highlight the complicated nature of interpreting oxygen isotopes even for the modern record.
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van der Velde, I. R., J. B. Miller, K. Schaefer, G. R. van der Werf, M. C. Krol, and W. Peters. "Terrestrial cycling of <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> by photosynthesis, respiration, and biomass burning in SiBCASA." Biogeosciences 11, no. 23 (2014): 6553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6553-2014.

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Abstract. We present an enhanced version of the SiBCASA terrestrial biosphere model that is extended with (a) biomass burning emissions from the SiBCASA carbon pools using remotely sensed burned area from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED), (b) an isotopic discrimination scheme that calculates 13C signatures of photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration, and (c) a separate set of 13C pools to carry isotope ratios into heterotrophic respiration. We quantify in this study the terrestrial exchange of CO2 and 13CO2 as a function of environmental changes in humidity and biomass burning. The implementation of biomass burning yields similar fluxes as CASA-GFED both in magnitude and spatial patterns. The implementation of isotope exchange gives a global mean discrimination value of 15.2‰, ranges between 4 and 20‰ depending on the photosynthetic pathway in the plant, and compares favorably (annually and seasonally) with other published values. Similarly, the isotopic disequilibrium is similar to other studies that include a small effect of biomass burning as it shortens the turnover of carbon. In comparison to measurements, a newly modified starch/sugar storage pool propagates the isotopic discrimination anomalies to respiration much better. In addition, the amplitude of the drought response by SiBCASA is lower than suggested by the measured isotope ratios. We show that a slight increase in the stomatal closure for large vapor pressure deficit would amplify the respired isotope ratio variability. Our study highlights the importance of isotope ratio observations of 13C to assess and improve biochemical models like SiBCASA, especially with regard to the allocation and turnover of carbon and the responses to drought.
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Corcoran, Loretta, and Antonio Simonetti. "Geochronology of Uraninite Revisited." Minerals 10, no. 3 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030205.

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Identification of uraninite provenance for the purpose of nuclear forensics requires a multifaceted approach. Various geochemical signatures, such as chondrite normalized rare earth element patterns, help identify and limit the potential sources of uraninite based on the geological setting of the uranium ore mineralization. The inclusion of accurate age determinations to discriminate geochemical signatures for natural uranium ores may help to potentially restrict geographical areas for provenance consideration. Determining a robust age for uraninite formation is somewhat difficult, due to well known, inherent difficulties associated with open system behavior that involve either uranium and/or lead loss or gain. However, open system behavior should not perturb their Pb isotopic compositions to the same degree as Pb isotopes should not fractionate during alteration processes. Here, a suite of pristine and altered samples of uraninite was examined for their Pb isotope compositions, and these yielded geologically meaningful secondary Pb–Pb isochron ages. The degree of alteration within individual uraninite samples, which is extremely variable, does not appear to affect the calculated ages. The approach adopted here yields insightful age information, and hence, is of great value for source attribution in forensic analyses of raw nuclear materials.
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Ohlanders, N., M. Rodriguez, and J. McPhee. "Stable water isotope variation in a Central Andean watershed dominated by glacier- and snowmelt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 10 (2012): 12227–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-12227-2012.

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Abstract. Central Chile is an economically important region for which water supply is dependent on snow- and ice melt. Nevertheless, the fraction of water supplied by each of those two sources remains largely unknown. This study represents the first attempt to estimate the region's water balance using stable isotopes of water in streamflow and its sources; isotopic ratios of both H and O were monitored during one year in a high-altitude basin with a relatively high glacial cover (11.5%). We found that the steep altitude gradient of the studied catchment caused a corresponding gradient in snowpack isotopic composition and that this spatial variation had a profound effect on the temporal evolution of streamflow isotopic composition during snowmelt. Glacier- and snowmelt contributions to streamflow in the studied basin were calculated using a quantitative analysis of the isotopic composition of streamflow and its sources, resulting in a glacier melt contribution of 50–80% for the unusually dry melt year of 2011/12. This suggests that in (la Niña) years with little precipitation, glacier melt is an important water source for Central Chile. Predicted decreases in glacier melt due to global warming may therefore have a negative impact on water availability in the Central Andes as well as in comparable semi-arid regions of the world; this impact is non-commensurable with areal glacial cover or with the relative areal influence coverage of glacier versus seasonal snowpack. The pronounced seasonal pattern in streamflow isotope composition and its close relation to the evolution of snow cover and to discharge presents a potentially powerful tool for relating discharge evolution in mountainous, melt-dominated catchments with related factors such as contributions of sources to streamflow and snowmelt transit times.
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Winemiller, Kirk O., Steven C. Zeug, Clinton R. Robertson, Brent K. Winemiller, and Rodney L. Honeycutt. "Food-web structure of coastal streams in Costa Rica revealed by dietary and stable isotope analyses." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 5 (2011): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000277.

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Abstract:Food webs of streams draining tropical rain forests on Costa Rica's Pacific and Caribbean coasts were examined in the 1980s via dietary analyses, and the same streams were surveyed again in 2004 to compare trophic structure based on analysis of stable isotope ratios of fish, macro-invertebrate and plant tissues. Estimates of species’ trophic positions (TP) were calculated from stomach-contents data (51 species; 5420 specimens) and compared with TP estimates derived from analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios (82 taxa; 240 samples). Coefficients of determination for TP based on dietary versus isotopic analysis ranged from 0.18 (Quebrada Camaronal, Corcovado) to 0.73 (Quebrada Estacion, Tortuguero). Consumer taxa within all four streams spanned a broad range of carbon isotope values, indicating assimilation of variable proportions of carbon from periphyton and terrestrial vegetation that in all but one of the streams had similar δ13C values. Approximately half the consumers in all four streams had carbon ratios heavier than any of the in situ production sources examined. This pattern could be explained by consumption of other production sources that were not sampled, including periphyton taxa with variable carbon isotope signatures, or migration of prey and/or consumers between these freshwater and coastal marine habitats.
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Zeng, Jie, Guilin Han, and Jian-Ming Zhu. "Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Mo Isotope Compositions in Headwater Stream of Xijiang River Draining the Carbonate Terrain, Southwest China." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051076.

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The dissolved molybdenum (Mo) contents and Mo isotope in water samples from the upper Xijiang River (XJR), draining the carbonate terrain, southwest China, are reported to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations, sources, ion budget, and isotopic fractionation of dissolved Mo. The results show that the Mo concentrations (5.3–18.9 nmol/L) exhibit an extensive variation along the mainstream without significant spatial pattern, but the Mo concentrations are slightly higher in the dry season than in the wet season caused by the dilution effect. There is a slight spatial tendency for δ98/95Mo to become higher along the mainstream (0.51–1.78%), while the seasonal variations in δ98/95Mo values of NPR (Nanpanjiang River) reach and BPR (Beipanjiang River) reach can be identified higher in the dry season but lower in the wet season. Based on the hydro-geochemical analysis, the sources of dissolved Mo are identified as the carbonates and sulfide/sulfate minerals weathering with a seasonal contribution. Moreover, our results suggest there is no significant Mo isotopic fractionation during weathering and riverine transportation. The calculation of Mo budget demonstrates that the dissolved δ98/95Mo of river draining the carbonate terrain is underestimated, which could significantly influence the redox history of oceans by Mo isotope model.
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Book chapters on the topic "Isotope pattern calculator"

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Pollock, Jeffrey C., Sandra M. Barr, Deanne van Rooyen, and Chris E. White. "Insights from Lu-Hf zircon isotopic data on the crustal evolution of Avalonia and Ganderia in the northern Appalachian orogen." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(08).

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ABSTRACT Avalonia and Ganderia are composite microcontinental fragments in the northern Appalachian orogen likely derived from Gondwanan sources. Avalonia includes numerous Neoproterozoic magmatic arc sequences that represent protracted and episodic subduction-related magmatism before deposition of an Ediacaran–Ordovician cover sequence of mainly siliciclastic rocks. We characterized the nature of the basement on which these arcs were constructed using zircon grains from arc-related magmatic rocks in Atlantic Canada that were analyzed for their Lu-Hf isotope composition. The majority of zircon grains from Avalonia are characterized by initial 176Hf/177Hf values that are more radiogenic than chondritic uniform reservoir, and calculated crust formation Hf TDM (i.e., depleted mantle) model ages range from 1.2 to 0.8 Ga. These data contrast with those from Ganderia, which show typically positive initial εHf values and Hf TDM model ages that imply magmatism was derived by melting of crustal sources with diverse ages ranging from ca. 1.8 to 1.0 Ga. The positive distribution of initial εHf values along with the pattern of Hf TDM model ages provide a clear record of two distinct subduction systems. Cryogenian–Ediacaran magmatism is interpreted to have resulted from reworking of an evolved Mesoproterozoic crustal component in a long-lived, subduction-dominated accretionary margin along the margin of northern Amazonia. A change in Hf isotope trajectory during the Ediacaran implies a greater contribution of isotopically evolved material consistent with an arc-arc–style collision of Ganderia with Avalonia. The shallow-sloping Hf isotopic pattern for Paleozoic Ganderian magmatism remains continuous for ~200 m.y., consistent with tectonic models of subduction in the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans and episodic accretion of juvenile crustal terranes to Laurentia.
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Conference papers on the topic "Isotope pattern calculator"

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Massila, K., H. C. Soong, and I. Nor Haslinda. "Evaluation of Theoretical Isotope Generator as an alternative for isotope pattern calculator." In 2010 International Symposium on Information Technology (ITSim 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsim.2010.5561590.

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Pascoe, Carlo, David Box, Herman Lam, and Alan George. "FPGA-Accelerated Isotope Pattern Calculator for Use in Simulated Mass Spectrometry Peptide and Protein Chemistry." In 2012 Symposium on Application Accelerators in High Performance Computing (SAAHPC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saahpc.2012.9.

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Liu, Songyang, and Xiang Wang. "Neutron Physics Characterization & Optimization Analysis of the ACPR100 Small Modular Reactor." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-65689.

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Abstract The ACPR100 is a small modular pressurized water reactor design proposed by China General Nuclear Power Corporation which integrates most important components of the reactor into one pressure vessel. This paper aims to model the reactor core by Monte Carlo code Serpent. Firstly, the steady-state characterization and optimization analysis within different temperature, pin-pitch and other design parameters are performed. Secondly, the loading pattern of fuel assemblies with Gd-doped fuel rods was assessed. Thirdly, based on the reference research, the temperature coefficients of fuel and coolant are calculated. The influence of control rod insertion depth was simulated additionally. Besides, to show the life cycle and the change of inventory directly, we performed burnup calculation based on pre-defined time step and discussed the fission products including radioactive minor actinides and radiopharmaceutical isotopes during the life cycle. The results show that the ACPR100 achieved more stable performance using high abundance boric acid, and the negative temperature reactivity coefficient is sufficient to maintain the stability of the reactor operation, but the ACPR100 is not suitable for massive production of radiopharmaceutical isotopes.
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Hongjian, Zhang, Zhu Qing, Zhang Liguo, and Ma Tao. "Research on the Dependency Between Transuranic Isotopes and Burnup in Pebble Bed High-Temperature Reactors." In 2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone31-132764.

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Abstract The analysis and measurement of transuranic isotopes in nuclear fuel constitute a crucial aspect of nuclear material accounting, holding significant implications for nuclear security and the prevention of nuclear proliferation. In traditional reactors, the analysis of nuclear fuel during operation can be conducted by inputting initial nuclide information and irradiation history into burnup simulation software for forward burnup calculation. However, in pebble bed high-temperature reactors, characterized by the use of numerous fuel spheres to form the core, the movement of these fuel spheres introduces uncertainties, making it impractical to track and record every individual fuel sphere. This characteristic renders the irradiation history of fuel spheres unknown, preventing the application of traditional nuclear material analysis methods. Currently, the estimation of transuranic isotopes of fuel spheres in pebble bed high-temperature reactors is based on the correlation between transuranic isotopes and burnup. However, the accumulation of major transuranic isotopes has a strong dependency on irradiation history of spheres, resulting in that this correlation is not entirely accurate. Therefore, this paper undertakes work in the following two aspects. 1) Through an analysis of the flow characteristics of fuel spheres within the core, the paper summarizes the variation patterns in the irradiation history of fuel spheres. Utilizing the burnup chain of major heavy metal elements and burnup equations, it theoretically calculates the uncertainty of characterizing major transuranic isotopes using burnup indicators (such as Cs-137). The paper also analyzes the range of this uncertainty. 2) Based on a continuous diffusion model, the core was divided into channels and layers in conjunction with the neutron flux distribution in the pebble bed high-temperature reactor core. Using a random sampling method, a large number of irradiation histories for fuel spheres were generated. The study further investigated the correlation between major transuranic isotopes and burnup indicators using nuclear inventory calculation software. The research findings of this paper demonstrate that the method for estimating transuranic isotopes in pebble bed high-temperature reactors, only based on burnup depth, exhibits a certain level of systematic error. To further enhance the precision of nuclear material accounting, it is imperative to establish new methods for nuclear material analysis. In addition to improving accounting precision, the outcomes of this research also contribute to establishing or improving a fundamental physical model for the irradiation history of fuel spheres. Furthermore, they can serve as an analytical foundation for benchmarking studies related to nuclear materials in pebble bed high-temperature reactors.
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Nie, Rui, Yu Wang, Ziling Zhou, et al. "Study on the Effective Diffusion Coefficient of Inert Gases in Porous Graphite Materials." In 2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone31-135581.

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Abstract The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), is globally recognized as one of the reactor types embodying the safety features of the fourth generation, with the advantages of safety, high thermal efficiency in power generation, a small emergency planning zone, and the ability to use high-temperature helium for hydrogen production. HTGRs utilize a significant amount of graphite materials, including fuel graphite matrices, graphite moderator material, and graphite reflector layers and so on. Fuel containing fissile materials produce inert gas fission products such as Kr and Xe, while isotopes like Ar-40 in the pores of graphite materials can become activated, forming inert gases such as Ar-41. The fuel element matrix graphite is the necessary pathway for these inert gas nuclides to enter the primary coolant circuit. However, current research rarely provides a comprehensive analysis of the diffusion behavior of inert gases in porous graphite materials. This study establishes a computational model and methodology for determining the effective diffusion coefficients of inert gas nuclides in porous material graphite. It quantitatively calculated the cumulative release fractions and release ratios of Ar, Kr, Xe, in both open and closed pores of the fuel element matrix graphite and elucidated the impact and patterns of factors such as pressure, temperature, and half-life on the diffusion behavior of inert gases in porous material graphite. This research provides valuable insights for future studies on the diffusion behavior of Ar, Kr, and Xe in graphite.
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