Relevant bibliographies by topics / Israeli Sign Language (ISL)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Israeli Sign Language (ISL)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Israeli Sign Language (ISL)"

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Jaraisy, Marah, and Rose Stamp. "The Vulnerability of Emerging Sign Languages: (E)merging Sign Languages?" Languages 7, no. 1 (2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010049.

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Emerging sign languages offer linguists an opportunity to observe language emergence in real time, far beyond the capabilities of spoken language studies. Sign languages can emerge in different social circumstances—some in larger heterogeneous communities, while others in smaller and more homogeneous communities. Often, examples of the latter, such as Ban Khor Sign Language (in Thailand), Al Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (in Israel), and Mardin Sign Language (in Turkey), arise in communities with a high incidence of hereditary deafness. Traditionally, these communities were in limited contact with the wider deaf community in the region, and so the local sign language remained relatively uninfluenced by the surrounding signed language(s). Yet, in recent years, changes in education, mobility, and social communication patterns have resulted in increased interaction between sign languages. Rather than undergoing language emergence, these sign languages are now facing a state of “mergence” with the majority sign language used by the wider deaf community. This study focuses on the language contact situation between two sign languages in Kufr Qassem, Israel. In the current situation, third-generation deaf signers in Kufr Qassem are exposed to the local sign language, Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL), and the dominant sign language of the wider Israeli deaf community, Israeli Sign Language (ISL), both of which emerged around 90 years ago. In the current study, we analyzed the signing of twelve deaf sign-bilinguals from Kufr Qassem whilst they engaged in a semi-spontaneous task in three language conditions: (1) with another bilingual signer, (2) with a monolingual KQSL signer, and (3) with a monolingual ISL signer. The results demonstrate that KQSL-ISL sign-bilinguals show a preference for ISL in all conditions, even when paired with a monolingual KQSL signer. We conclude that the degree of language shift in Kufr Qassem is considerable. KQSL may be endangered due to the risk of social and linguistic mergence of the KQSL community with the ISL community in the near future.
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Meir, Irit. "A Perfect Marker in Israeli Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 2, no. 1 (1999): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.2.1.04mei.

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In this paper I argue for the existence of an aspectual marker in Israeli Sign Language (ISL) denoting perfect constructions. This marker is the sign glossed as ALREADY. Though this sign often occurs in past time contexts, I argue that it is a perfect-aspect marker and not a past tense marker. This claim is supported by the following observations: (a) ALREADY can co-occur with past, present and future time adverbials; (b) its core meaning is to relate a resultant state to a prior event; (c) it occurs much more in dialogues than in narrative contexts. Further examination of the properties and functions of ALREADY in the language reveals that it shares many properties with perfect constructions in other languages. In addition, it is shown that the co-occurrence of ALREADY with various time adverbials, as well as with the durational aspectual modulation, gives rise to a rich aspectual system in the language. This aspectual system is compared to similar systems in other languages. The ISL system turns out to be very different from that of Hebrew on the one hand, while showing significant similarities to that of ASL. However, there are also some differences between ISL and ASL aspectual markers, which might be due to the relative youth of ISL, and to the different source for the aspectual marker: a verbin the case of ASL, and an adverb in ISL.
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Meir, Irit. "Question and Negation in Israeli Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2006): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.7.2.03mei.

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The paper presents the interrogative and negative constructions in Israeli Sign Language (ISL). Both manual and nonmanual components of these constructions are described, revealing a complex and rich system. In addition to the basic lexical terms, ISL uses various morphological devices to expand its basic question and negation vocabulary, such as compounding and suffixation. The nonmanual component consists of specific facial expressions, head and body posture, and mouthing. The use of mouthing is especially interesting, as ISL seems to use it extensively, both as a word formation device and as a grammatical marker for negation. Interrogative and negative constructions interact in with other grammatical categories in the language; i.e., the distribution of various negation words is determined by the lexical category of the negated word. Thus, the distribution of negation words provides evidence for the existence of Nouns, Verbs and Adjectives as formal categories in the language. Finally, a diachronic comparison between present day ISL and earlier stages of the language reveals interesting traits in the development of these systems.
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Lanesman, Sara, and Rose Stamp. "A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Name Signs in Israeli Sign Language." Sign Language Studies 25, no. 2 (2025): 293–324. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2025.a953724.

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Abstract: Name sign systems have been described in many deaf communities around the world. The most frequent name sign types are associated with an individual's appearance, for example, a signers' hairstyle, clothes, and physical features such as height, weight, etc. However, a recent study that examined name signs in Swedish Sign Language, for example, found a decrease in name signs based on appearance and an increase in person name signs, suggesting that name signs are undergoing changes. This study examines name signs produced by 160 deaf signers of Israeli Sign Language (ISL), a sign language that emerged in Israel around ninety years ago. The findings show that, like in other studies, name signs based on appearance are the most frequent in ISL. However, the distribution of name sign types differed based on signers' age and language background. Older signers and deaf people from hearing families are more likely to have name signs related to their appearance while younger signers and deaf people from deaf families are more likely to have name signs related to their legal name, including initialized name signs or signs based on the literal translation of the name. The results are discussed in light of changes in society including changes in deaf education and a rise in political correctness.
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Novogrodsky, Rama, and Natalia Meir. "Age, frequency, and iconicity in early sign language acquisition: Evidence from the Israeli Sign Language MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 4 (2020): 817–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000247.

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AbstractThe current study described the development of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (CDI) for Israeli Sign Language (ISL) and investigated the effects of age, sign iconicity, and sign frequency on lexical acquisition of bimodal-bilingual toddlers acquiring ISL. Previous findings bring inconclusive evidence on the role of sign iconicity (the relationship between form and meaning) and sign frequency (how often a word/sign is used in the language) on the acquisition of signs. The ISL-CDI consisted of 563 video clips. Iconicity ratings from 41 sign-naïve Hebrew-speaking adults (Study 1A) and sign frequency ratings from 19 native ISL adult signers (Study 1B) were collected. ISL vocabulary was evaluated in 34 toddlers, native signers (Study 2). Results indicated significant effects of age, strong correlations between parental ISL ratings and ISL size even when age was controlled for, and strong correlations between naturalistic data and ISL-CDI scores, supporting the validity of the ISL-CDI. Moreover, the results revealed effects of iconicity, frequency, and interactions between age and the iconicity and frequency factors, suggesting that both iconicity and frequency are modulated by age. The findings contribute to the field of sign language acquisition and to our understanding of potential factors affecting human language acquisition beyond language modality.
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Fuks, Orit. "Intensifier actions in Israeli Sign Language (ISL) discourse." Gesture 15, no. 2 (2016): 192–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.15.2.03fuk.

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The study describes certain structural modifications employed on the citation forms of ISL during signing for intensification purposes. In Signed Languages, citation forms are considered relatively immune to modifications. Nine signers signed several scenarios describing some intense quality. The signers used conventional adverbs existing in ISL for intensification purposes. Yet, they also employed idiosyncratic modifications on the formational components of adjectives simultaneously to form realization. These optional modifications enriched the messages conveyed merely by the conventional forms. They show that signers can incorporate gradient modes of expressions directly into the production of the lexical items to communicate more diverse and explicit messages in context. Using a comparative semiotic approach allowed us to describe the synergetic cooperation manifested at the stage of utterance construction between formational elements which were more suited to convey gradient and analog meanings in context and those that were less suited and thus not modified.
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Sandler, Wendy, Gal Belsitzman, and Irit Meir. "Visual foreign accent in an emerging sign language." Special Issue in Memory of Irit Meir 23, no. 1-2 (2020): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00050.san.

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Abstract In the study of sign language phonology, little attention has been paid to the phonetic detail that distinguishes one sign language from another. We approach this issue by studying the foreign accent of signers of a young sign language – Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) – which is in contact with another sign language in the region, Israeli Sign Language (ISL). By comparing ISL signs and sentences produced by ABSL signers with those of ISL signers, we uncover language particular features at a level of detail typically overlooked in sign language research. For example, within signs we find reduced occlusion (lack of contact), and across phrases there is frequent long distance spreading of the nondominant hand. This novel study of an emerging language in a language contact environment provides a model for comparative sign language phonology, and suggests that a community’s signature accent is part of the evolution of a phonological system.
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Stamp, Rose, Duaa Omar-Hajdawood, and Rama Novogrodsky. "Topical Influence: Reiterative Code-Switching in the Kufr Qassem Deaf Community." Sign Language Studies 24, no. 4 (2024): 771–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2024.a936333.

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Abstract: Reiterative code-switching, when one lexical item from one language is produced immediately after a semantically equivalent lexical item in another language, is a frequent phenomenon in studies of language contact. Several spoken language studies suggest that reiteration functions as a form of accommodation, amplification (emphasis), reinforcement, or clarification; however, its function in sign language seems less clear. In this study, we investigate reiterative code-switching produced in semispontaneous conversations while manipulating two important factors: interlocutor and topic. Ten bilinguals of Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL), a local sign language used in central Israel, and Israeli Sign Language (ISL), the national sign language of Israel, participated in a semispontaneous conversation task in three interlocutor conditions, with: (1) another bilingual, (2) a KQSL-dominant signer, and (3) an ISL-dominant signer. They were given "local" (e.g., traditions in Kufr Qassem) and "global" (e.g., travel) topics to discuss. A total of 673 code-switches were found in the data, of which sixty-seven were reiterative. Interlocutor was found to be a significant predictor of the presence of reiterative code-switching, with more reiterations observed when participants interacted with a KQSL-dominant signer or bilingual than with an ISL-dominant signer. These results suggest that reiteration serves an accommodative function. Yet, this does not explain reiterations found in the bilingual-bilingual condition. We show that, in these cases, reiteration plays other roles beyond accommodation, including amplification.
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Tkachman, Oksana, and Wendy Sandler. "The noun–verb distinction in two young sign languages." Where do nouns come from? 13, no. 3 (2013): 253–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.13.3.02tka.

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Many sign languages have semantically related noun-verb pairs, such as ‘hairbrush/brush-hair’, which are similar in form due to iconicity. Researchers studying this phenomenon in sign languages have found that the two are distinguished by subtle differences, for example, in type of movement. Here we investigate two young sign languages, Israeli Sign Language (ISL) and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), to determine whether they have developed a reliable distinction in the formation of noun-verb pairs, despite their youth, and, if so, how. These two young language communities differ from each other in terms of heterogeneity within the community, contact with other languages, and size of population. Using methodology we developed for cross-linguistic comparison, we identify reliable formational distinctions between nouns and related verbs in ISL, but not in ABSL, although early tendencies can be discerned. Our results show that a formal distinction in noun-verb pairs in sign languages is not necessarily present from the beginning, but may develop gradually instead. Taken together with comparative analyses of other linguistic phenomena, the results lend support to the hypothesis that certain social factors such as population size, domains of use, and heterogeneity/homogeneity of the community play a role in the emergence of grammar.
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Sandler, Wendy. "The Medium and the Message." Sign Language and Linguistics 2, no. 2 (1999): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.2.2.04san.

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In natural communication, the medium through which language is transmitted plays an important and systematic role. Sentences are broken up rhythmically into chunks; certain elements receive special stress; and, in spoken language, intonational tunes are superimposed onto these chunks in particular ways — all resulting in an intricate system of prosody. Investigations of prosody in Israeli Sign Language demonstrate that sign languages have comparable prosodic systems to those of spoken languages, although the phonetic medium is completely different. Evidence for the prosodic word and for the phonological phrase in ISL is examined here within the context of the relationship between the medium and the message. New evidence is offered to support the claim that facial expression in sign languages corresponds to intonation in spoken languages, and the term “superarticulation” is coined to describe this system in sign languages. Interesting formaldiffer ences between the intonationaltunes of spoken language and the “superarticulatory arrays” of sign language are shown to offer a new perspective on the relation between the phonetic basis of language, its phonological organization, and its communicative content.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Israeli Sign Language (ISL)"

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Börstell, Carl. "Object marking in the signed modality : Verbal and nominal strategies in Swedish Sign Language and other sign languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141669.

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In this dissertation, I investigate various aspects of object marking and how these manifest themselves in the signed modality. The main focus is on Swedish Sign Language (SSL), the national sign language of Sweden, which is the topic of investigation in all five studies. Two of the studies adopt a comparative perspective, including other sign languages as well. The studies comprise a range of data, including corpus data, elicited production, and acceptability judgments, and combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the analyses. The dissertation begins with an overview of the topics of valency, argument structure, and object marking, primarily from a spoken language perspective. Here, the interactions between semantics and morphosyntax are presented from a typological perspective, introducing differential object marking as a key concept. With regard to signed language, object marking is discussed in terms of both verbal and nominal strategies. Verbal strategies of object marking among sign languages include directional verbs, object handshape classifiers, and embodied perspective in signing. The first study investigates the use of directionality and object handshapes as object marking strategies in Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), Israeli Sign Language (ISL), and SSL. It is shown that the strategies generally display different alignments in terms of the types of objects targeted, which is uniform across languages, but that directionality is much more marginal in ABSL than in the other two languages. Also, we see that there is a connection between object marking strategies and the animacy of the object, and that the strategies, object animacy, and word order preferences interact. In the second and third studies, SSL is investigated with regard to the transitive–reflexive distinction. Here, we see that there are interactional effects between object handshapes and the perspective taken by the signer. This points to intricate iconic motivations of combining and structuring complex verb sequences, such as giving preference to agent focusing structures (e.g., agent perspective and handling handshapes). Furthermore, the use of space is identified as a crucial strategy for reference tracking, especially when expressing semantically transitive events. Nominal strategies include object pronouns and derivations of the sign PERSON. The fourth study provides a detailed account of the object pronoun OBJPRO in SSL, which is the first in-depth description of this sign. It is found that the sign is in widespread use in SSL, often corresponds closely to object pronouns of spoken Swedish, and is argued to be grammaticalized from the lexical sign PERSON. In the final study, the possible existence of object pronouns in other sign languages is investigated by using a sample of 24 languages. This analysis reveals that the feature is found mostly in the Nordic countries, suggesting areal contact phenomena. However, the study also shows that there are a number of derivations of PERSON, such as reflexive pronouns, agreement auxiliaries, and case markers. The use of PERSON as a source of grammaticalization for these functions is attributed to both semantic and phonological properties of the sign. This dissertation is unique in that it is dedicated to the topic of object marking in the signed modality. It brings a variety of perspectives and methods together in order to investigate the domain of object marking, cross-linguistically and cross-modally.
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Books on the topic "Israeli Sign Language (ISL)"

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1949-, Sandler Wendy, ed. A language in space: The story of Israeli sign language. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008.

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Meir, Irit. Śafah ba-merḥav: Eshnav la-śafat ha-simanim ha-Yiśreʾelit. Universiṭat Ḥefah, 2004.

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Meir, Irit. A Language in Space. Taylor and Francis, 2007.

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Savir, Ḥavah. Gateway to Israeli sign language. 1992.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Meir, Irit, and Wendy Sandler. Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Israeli Sign Language (ISL)"

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Rubin, Aaron D., and Lily Kahn. "Israeli Sign Language." In Jewish Languages from A to Z. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351043441-21.

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Meir, Irit. "Verb classifiers as noun incorporation in Israeli sign language." In Yearbook of Morphology 1999. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3722-7_11.

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Sujanani, Anish, Shashidhar Pai, Aniket Udaykumar, Vivith Bharath, and V. R. Badri Prasad. "Unidirectional Ensemble Recognition and Translation of Phrasal Sign Language from ASL to ISL." In Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7062-9_24.

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Ghosh, Ananya, and Parthiban Krishnamoorthy. "FedXAI-ISL: Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based Federated Model in Recognition and Community Decentralized Learning of Indian Sign Language." In Innovative Computing and Communications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3588-4_32.

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"Time will tell: time and discourse as ‘motion through space’ in early Israeli Sign Language (ISL)." In Our Lives – Our Stories: Life Experiences of Elderly Deaf People. De Gruyter Mouton, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110701906-012.

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"The Sublexical Structure of ISL." In Indian Sign Language. Gallaudet University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2rcnfqg.7.

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Mohr, Susanne, and Lorraine Leeson. "Irish Sign LanguageIreland’s Third Language." In The Oxford Handbook of Irish English. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198856153.013.31.

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Abstract Irish Sign Language (ISL) is the third official language of the Republic of Ireland and was formally recognized in 2017. In Ireland, there are about 5,000 users of ISL, including deaf, hard-of-hearing people, and their family and friends. This chapter elaborates on the history of ISL, its typological affiliation, and some structural features, as well as contact with one of the surrounding spoken languages, i.e. Irish English (IrE), and lack thereof with the other ambient spoken language, i.e. Irish. In doing so, the chapter discusses salient language contact phenomena, such as mouthings, and touches upon language attitudes and ideologies towards ISL and related modes of communication. Ultimately, the chapter presents a portrait of language variation and change of ISL in its sociocultural context.
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Bhirud, Nivedita, Subhash Tatale, Anne Venkata Praveen Krishna, et al. "Unveiling the Silent Language." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3711-0.ch018.

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Sign language is a form of communication utilized by people with speech and hearing impairments all around the world. The deaf community in India uses Indian Sign Language (ISL) as their primary language. With a large and diverse population present and a higher prevalence of the deaf community in India, there is a need for establishing communication between people using ISL and those who don't. This work discusses the different existing spoken language to ISL translation systems, focusing on both foreign spoken languages such as English and Indian spoken languages. This work covers the fundamentals of ISL, commonly used visual avatar systems, and a study of the translation systems for various spoken languages to understand their approaches, methodologies, and performance. The survey concludes with a discussion of the features and limitations of these systems and points out the future research directions in this area. Such studies would be of great assistance to researchers who are interested in developing new tools and technologies in this area.
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Saleed, Fadheel Mohammed, Mohammed Shabbir, Shashwat Poudyal, and Geetha Mary Amalanathan. "A Systematic Review of Indian Sign Language Detection Systems." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6026-2.ch013.

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Sign languages are crucial in promoting independent living for deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. They offer a means of communication that facilitates access to various aspects of daily life and supports autonomy. The deaf community in India, estimated at over 18 million individuals, faces significant communication barriers due to the limited use of Indian sign language (ISL) by the general population. This chapter explores the potential of machine learning (ML) for Indian sign language detection as a bridge between the deaf and hearing communities. The authors delve into existing research on sign language recognition (SLR) systems, analyze the challenges specific to ISL detection, and propose future directions leveraging advancements in ML. By examining the sociolinguistic landscape and the potential impact of ML-powered ISL detection, this chapter aims to contribute to a more inclusive society.
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Bhirud, Nivedita, Subhash Tatale, Anne Venkata Praveen Krishna, et al. "Machine Translation for Indian Sign Language Enhancing Accessibility for People With Disabilities." In Modern Digital Approaches to Care Technologies for Individuals With Disabilities. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7560-0.ch022.

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Indian Sign Language (ISL) is the dominant language used by the deaf and dumb community in India. According to a report by WHO, there are around 63 million people across India who are suffering from hearing impairments. With India having a large population and the percentage occurrence of hearing impairments being high, there is a need for spoken language to ISL translation systems to improve the communication between communities. The current work done in this domain is promising but quite restricted due to the lack of a dictionary of ISL words and resources. Our proposal takes on a different approach than existing systems for the translation. The purpose of research work is to create a system that translates Hindi into ISL through Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Using a rule-based approach, a Hindi to ISL corpus is created which follows all grammar conventions of ISL. This dataset is then used to train an NMT model which can be deployed to be used for further translation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Israeli Sign Language (ISL)"

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Venkadesh, P., G. Jelin Taric, P. Mary Mariyal, S. V. Divya, S. Danumithra, and K. Anuranjani. "SignChatAI-Generative AI for Deaf-and-Mute Community using Indian Sign Language(ISL)." In 2024 International Conference on Computing and Intelligent Reality Technologies (ICCIRT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccirt59484.2024.10921817.

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B, Chempavathy, Syam Dev R. S, Rohit Karmakar, Sidhu I. S, Nishanth V, and P. Sumanthraj. "Multi-Modal ISL-Speech: A Real-Time Neural Architecture for Sign Language Translation to Natural Language." In 2024 4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems (ICUIS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuis64676.2024.10866815.

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Shenoy, Kartik, Tejas Dastane, Varun Rao, and Devendra Vyavaharkar. "Real-time Indian Sign Language (ISL) Recognition." In 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2018.8493808.

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Sonawane, Pankaj, Karan Shah, Parth Patel, Shikhar Shah, and Jay Shah. "Speech To Indian Sign Language (ISL) Translation System." In 2021 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccis51004.2021.9397097.

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Nunes, Jeremiah, Ananya Verma, and M. Aruna. "Converting voice signal to visual Indian sign language (ISL)." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET OF THINGS 2023: ICIoT2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0217832.

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G, Fathima, Mogan Ram G S, Siva Subramanian E, Sasi Kumar V, and Mukunda M. "ISL(Indian Sign Language) Gesture to Speech with Multilingual Support." In International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing & Communication Technologies (ICRCCT’2K24). International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/lnzk4758/icrcct24p70.

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The Real Time Indian Sign Language (ISL) Translator project aims to bridge the communication gap between the deaf and hard of hearing community and the hearing world by leveraging advanced deep learning techniques. This project utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to recognize the ISL gesture and converts them into text. The recognized text is then translated into speech in multiple Indian languages, allowing seamless real time communication. The system is comprised of three primary components: the Gesture Recognition Module, which employs a CNN to process real time video input of ISL gestures; the Text processing Module, which converts the recognized gesture into structured text; and the Text to Speech (TTS) Module, which translates the test into speech in various Indian languages. An additional Language Selection Module provides users with the option to choose their preferred language for the TTS output. To ensure accessibility and usability, this project integrates a user friendly website interface, enabling individuals to use the translator easily across different platform. By fostering greater inclusion and improving communication in social, educational, and professional settings, the Real Time ISL Translator project stands as a significant technological advancement for the deaf and hard of hearing community in India.
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P, Shobana Devi, Vidya V, and Balan C. "Media files to ISL: GAN based Indian Sign Language Interpreter." In 2022 First International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Information and Communication Technologies (ICEEICT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeict53079.2022.9768403.

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Nehra, Tanmay, D. Saisanthiya, and Anshu Modi. "Indian Sign Language (ISL) Recognition And Translation using Mediapipe and LSTM." In 2023 World Conference on Communication & Computing (WCONF). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wconf58270.2023.10235113.

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Mishra, Saurabh, Neha Singh, Mayank Kumar, Suraj Singh, and Shubham Mishra. "REVIEW ON VISIOSENSE: NAVIGATING THE LANDSCAPE OF INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION." In Computing for Sustainable Innovation: Shaping Tomorrow’s World. Innovative Research Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/csistw.2024.12.1.65.

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Abstract:
This paper introduces a system for instant recognition of Indian Sign Language (ISL) and gesture identification using grid-based features. Addressing communication barriers between hearing-impaired individuals and society, the system achieves high accuracy without external devices like gloves or Microsoft Kinect sensors. Leveraging face detection, object fixation, and skin color technologies for hand detection and tracking, the Laptop's camera captures ISL gestures. Grid-based feature extraction represents hand movements as feature vectors, classified through the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Hand gesture classification employs hidden Markov models, achieving 99.7% accuracy for static tasks and 97.23% for orientation recognition.
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Surya, B., N. V. Suresh Krishna, A. Siva SankarReddy, B. V. Prudhvi, P. Neeraj, and V. Hima Deepthi. "An Efficient Real-Time Indian Sign Language (ISL) Detection using Deep Learning." In 2023 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciccs56967.2023.10142596.

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