Relevant bibliographies by topics / Issues of bonds

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Issues of bonds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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Wang, Yuqian, Che-Wei Chiu, and Mark Wrolstad. "Do Covenants of Bonds Outstanding Affect the Choice of Covenants of New Issues? Evidence from the U.S. Corporate Bonds." Accounting and Finance Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n1p223.

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This paper investigates the relation between debt covenants of a firm’s bonds outstanding and covenants of its newly issued bonds. On the one hand, since covenants are priced and costly, newly issued bonds may not include covenants that have been used in bonds outstanding, suggesting a negative relation between covenants of bonds outstanding and those of new issues. On the other hand, since firms tend to use boilerplate language in debt indentures, similar covenants of bonds outstanding are likely to be used repeatedly in the contracts of new issues, indicating a positive relation. Based on th
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Nelken, Izzy. "Japanese Reset Convertible Bonds and Other Issues in Convertible Bonds." Journal of Alternative Investments 2, no. 4 (2000): 1.1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2000.318975.

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Nelken, Izzy. "Japanese Reset Convertible Bonds and Other Issues in Convertible Bonds." Journal of Alternative Investments 2, no. 4 (2000): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2000.35.

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Frydrych, Sylwia. "The Rationale and Conditions for the Issuing of Polish Treasury Bonds on Foreign Markets." e-Finanse 15, no. 1 (2019): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0006.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the analysis of treasury bonds issued by the Ministry of Finance on international financial markets to finance debt. The author identifies the structure of bonds on the domestic and international markets. The study attempts to answer the question of whether the Ministry of Finance should issue bonds on foreign markets and what kinds of risk should be understood in the process of managing issues.
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Freeburn, Lloyd, and Ian Ramsay. "Green bonds: legal and policy issues." Capital Markets Law Journal 15, no. 4 (2020): 418–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmaa018.

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Castillo R., Augusto. "The Announcement Effect of Junk Bond Issues: an Analysis of the 1976-1989 Period." Estudios de Administración 8, no. 2 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0816.2001.56761.

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This paper analyzes the impact of corporate junk bond offering announcements on stock prices for a sample of 680 issues of below investment grade bonds, during the 1976-1989 period. The sample shows a -1.0% cumulative abnormal return (CAR) for a two day event window period, and the zero CAR hypothesis is rejected with 99% confidence. The cumulative abnormal returns are negative and significant for combined announcements of bond and equity issues (CAR of -2.10%), and for announcements of convertible bond issues (CAR of -1.24%). Announcements of issues of straight bonds (CAR of -0.24%) are not s
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DƯƠNG THỊ BÌNH, MINH, HẰNG VŨ THỊ MINH, Luật Diệp Gia, Linh Nguyễn Thị Mỹ, Tú Phùng Thị Cẩm та Huyền Đào Thị Minh. "Fund Raising from Hồ Chí Minh City Municipal Bonds: An Analysis and Policy Implications". Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 218 (1 жовтня 2013): 02–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.218.06.

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Sources of capital held by the public and economic sectors offered great potential. Municipal bonds issued by HCMC government help mobilize these sources of funds for socioeconomic and infrastructure development. The determination of demands for funds and ability to efficiently raise them greatly dependant on technique of raising funds through issues of bonds, and this was always considered a topical and important issue. This paper performed an analysis, carried out evaluation on methods and effects concerning the issue of the HCMC municipal bonds, and proposed solutions to technical mechanism
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Inoguchi, Masahiro. "Influence of ADB Bond Issues and US Bonds on Asian Government Bonds*." Asian Economic Journal 21, no. 4 (2008): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2007.00263.x.

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Kohlman, Bruce R., and Robert C. Radcliffe. "Factors Affecting The Equity Price Impacts Of Convertible Bonds." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 8, no. 4 (2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v8i4.6128.

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This study examines abnormal stock returns associated with both the date a convertible bond issue is announced and the date it is sold. Results suggest the negative stock price effects observed I this and previous studies are due to the equity component inherent in convertible bonds, and an easily observed measure of that equity component is offered. In addition, results suggest that convertible bond issues sold by firms with previously issued outstanding convertibles are met with larger negative abnormal equity returns.
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Hadryjańska, Barbara, and Jacek Mrowicki. "Obligacje przychodowe jako narzędzie zwiększające zdolności inwestycyjne gmin wiejskich w Polsce." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 3 (2017): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.3.58.

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The paper presents issues related to the notion of the municipality as a basic unit of local self-government, budgetary policy and financing of municipal investments with the use of revenue bonds. The main purpose of the work was to show non-financial ways of financing municipal investments with special regard to municipal bonds and revenue. Income bonds have many advantages as source for the implementation of municipal investment compared to a loan. They are issued to finance investment projects or projects from which revenue have to be the source of repayment of those issues. From the point
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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Sörensson, Tomas. "Swedish convertible bonds and their valuation." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Kostnadsintäktsanalys (C), 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-893.

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Since 1980, many convertible bonds have been issued by Swedish companies. Most of these issues have been aimed at the employees. The great number of these employee issues gave rise to a new tax law. This tax law made it necessary to obtain a value on a convertible bond certificate at issue. In the first part of the dissertation, the institutional setting for the issuing of convertible bonds in Sweden is discussed. The relevant tax laws and recommendations given by different organizations are described. Also other features related to the issues are described. Furthermore, an empirical study of
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Wang, Qi (Carol). "New equity issues, share repurchases, and the predictability of aggregate stock returns an international perspective /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5851.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 29, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Clemens, Anji Dreger. "Issues and related strategies used in successful school facilities bond elections in seven selected Orange County school districts between June 2000 to March 2002 /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.garfield.ulv.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3100048.

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Novák, Alexander. "Financování schodku státního rozpočtu prostřednictvím emise dluhopisů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4596.

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This diploma thesis surveys debt instruments used in OECD and European Union member countries for financing central government deficits and the techniques of selling government bonds. The volume and structure of the central government deficit and debt in the Czech Republic as well as organization of debt management office are subjected to a detailed analysis. Debt management accomplishments are confronted with the set out strategy and its objectives. The thesis also consists of the characteristics of securities in use (treasury bills, medium-term and long-term government bonds) as well as of l
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Bragd, Sophia, and Lovisa Lindgren. "Does Size Matter? : An event study exposing the relative size of a green bond issue and its impact on value creation for corporations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-438028.

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Capital markets have changed profoundly since green bonds were first introduced in 2013 as a way of financing programs benefiting social and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether green bond issues are related to value creation as compared with conventional bond issues, and how the relative size of a bond issue may impact this relationship. Using bonds issued on Nasdaq Stockholm from 2014 to 2020, our study finds no significant abnormal returns for green bonds, the benchmark of conventional bonds nor the comparison of the means. Further, we could not
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Parmigian, Guy Louis. "Making a Consolidated Ashtabula-Lakeside High School: Politics and Educational Leadership in Rustbelt Ohio, 1963-2006." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1154442600.

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Getz, Jan Henrik. "Why Do Non-Investment Grade Rated Companies Issue Convertible Bonds Instead of Bonds in Norway?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15067.

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I find non-investment graded companies&#146; motives for issuing convertible bonds in the Norwegian market by evaluating logistic regression results from a two-step security choice model from samples of 28 convertible bond-, 102 bond- and 229 equity issuances from 2005 to 2011. The findings indicate that companies in the Norwegian market substitute convertibles for bonds if they have valuable investment opportunities at hand and are associated with risk and uncertainty. This paper argues that the issuers of convertible bonds substitute convertibles for bonds to mitigate the asset substitution
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Laosirirat, Phanit. "Municipal Bond Ratings and the Willingness to Issue Debt: A Pooled Cross-sectional Analysis of Texas Cities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278434/.

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This dissertation deals with one aspect of how city officials respond to community needs. It is about the decisions of governments on how to secure the financial resources needed to fulfill their obligations to the public. The study explores the factors that influence officials' decisions to issue debt. It is different from other municipal bond studies in that it focuses on the behavior of bond issuers rather than bond investors and the rating agencies.
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FARIA, MAURÍCIO PIRAGIBE DE CARVALHO. "CORPORATE BONDS ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF PETROBRAS USD 11 BILLION BONDS ISSUE THE BIGGEST FOR EMERGING MARKETS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25000@1.

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Este trabalho analisará uma das maiores emissões de bonds de todos os tempos, a emissão de USD 11 bilhões de bonds da Petrobras que aconteceu em maio de 2013. Além de ser a maior transação da história para países emergentes até hoje, a emissão também foi feita em hora oportuna quando a Petrobras aproveitou uma excelente janela e mercado para fazer a emissão. A repercussão da transação também foi excelente tendo sido veiculada em vários meios de comunicação. O trabalho relatará do anúncio, precificação e lançamento da emissão que foi muito bem recebida pelo mercado financeiro.<br>This paper wil
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Yu, Eric C. K. "Path-depending, credit and numerical issues in convertible bond modelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504341.

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Books on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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Fabella, Raul V. Bond market development in East Asia: Issues and challenges. Economics and Research Dept., Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Fabella, Raul V. Bond market development in East Asia: Issues and challenges. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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J, Fabozzi Frank, ed. The new corporate bond market: A complete and insightful analysis of the latest trends, issues, and advances. Probus Pub. Co., 1990.

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Siegel, Eric. Trends in voter response to state bond issues. California Senate Office of Research, 1996.

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Fabella, Raul. Bond market development in East Asia: Issues and challenges. Economics and Research Dept., Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Whitman, Robert L. Planning, promoting, and passing school tax issues. Ohio School Boards Association, 1990.

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Asquith, Paul. Anatomy of financial distress: An examination of junk-bond issues. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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National Issues Seminar (1988 Boston, Mass.). States and the bond markets: Proceedings of a National Issues Seminar held at Boston, Massachusetts, June, 1988. Fiscal Affairs Program, National Conference of State Legislatures, 1988.

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Morocco and the Sahara: Social bonds and geopolitical issues. The Bardwell Press, 2007.

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Mississippi. Legislature. PEER Committee. Cost of issuance expenses of CY 2000 local and state bond issues. The Committee, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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McKenzie-Mavinga, Isha. "Breaking the Bonds." In Black Issues in the Therapeutic Process. Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-19979-9_8.

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Fuchs, Sebastian. "Methodical Issues." In Understanding Psychological Bonds between Individuals and Organizations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137033970_3.

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Milevsky, Avidan. "Indirect Ways Parents Impact Sibling Bonds." In Sibling Issues in Therapy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137528476_3.

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Milevsky, Avidan. "Direct Ways Parents Impact Sibling Bonds." In Sibling Issues in Therapy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137528476_4.

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Bean, David R., and Dean Michael Mead. "New Issues in Municipal Accounting." In The Handbook of Municipal Bonds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198093.ch45.

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Palatucci, A. Theodore. "Newport News Issues an Energy Savings COP." In The Handbook of Municipal Bonds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198093.ch76.

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Keen, Stephen A., and Leslie K. Ross. "Rule 2a-7: Legal and Research Issues for Tax-Exempt Money Market Funds." In The Handbook of Municipal Bonds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198093.ch26.

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Rapacciuolo, Ciro. "New Finance for Italian Firms. Issues of Mini-Bonds and SME Entering the Stock Exchange are the Most Promising Novelties." In The Restructuring of Banks and Financial Systems in the Euro Area and the Financing of SMEs. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137518736_11.

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McKenzie-Mavinga, Isha. "Feeling It in Our Bones." In Black Issues in the Therapeutic Process. Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-19979-9_3.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Economic Accounts and Financial Systems." In Introduction to Central Banking. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_1.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the system of accounts of the main sectors of the economy (households; non-financial corporations, the government; banks, and the central bank), describing how these sectors are interrelated through financial claims and liabilities. A financial system, consisting of commercial banks and the central bank, manages flows of funds originating from households, without these flows causing a need for the real sectors to liquidate illiquid real assets. The basic types of assets and liabilities are: real goods, gold, banknotes, deposits, bonds, loans, and equity. We explain how the shortcomings of both IOU and commodity-money based financial systems can be solved via establishing a central bank. A central bank is defined here by its balance sheet and central bank money is the central bank’s basic liability. Both monetary policy implementation and lender of last resort issues relate to liquidity flows within balance sheets. Understanding the logic of basic financial flows is therefore the basis for understanding central banking.
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Conference papers on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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Labudović Stanković, Jasmina. "FINANSIRANjE PREDUZEĆA EMISIJOM KORPORATIVNIH OBVEZNICA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.225ls.

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The corporate bond market contributes to the development of the financial market, its infrastructure, and affects economic growth. In developed countries, corporate bond issuance is a very common way of borrowing by the corporate sector. In developing countries, this method of borrowing is used "shyly" because companies most often turn to banks for help. In addition, the inflow of FDI in these countries contributes to meeting the financial needs of the corporate sector, thus reducing the need for bond issues. The paper compares borrowing by issuing corporate bonds and bank loans, explains the
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Takahashi, Koji, Yasuo Kasugai, and Takeo Kondo. "Smooth Redemption Policy of Port Facilities in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41026.

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The ports of the world are operated by port authorities. The systems for establishing port facilities are roughly classified into two types depending on their sources of revenue. In the first type of system (used mainly for channels, breakwaters, berths, etc.), the national/local government and the port authority share the cost of construction. In the second type of system (used for cargo handling facilities, reclaimed lands, etc.), the port authority alone raises funds through a port-related bond-financed project and issues bonds. One characteristic of such bond-financed projects is that the
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Constable, J. H. "Analysis of ACF Contact Resistance." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35061.

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An analysis of the electrical resistance of an anisotropic conducting film (ACF) bond is presented. The electrical circuit for the bond resistance is divided into its different geometric regions for analysis. While the analysis of the resistance resulting from the bond pads is more complex than other regions because of the multiple random contact points, it is argued that the formula developed by Greenwood gives an adequate estimate of this contribution. A comparison is made of this estimate with evaluations in the literature, and the importance of the disagreement between methods is discussed
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Marathe, A., and D. G. Walker. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Boundary Scattering Effects for Power MOSFET Performance." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43743.

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Miniaturization of microelectronic devices has lead to many new issues not seen in larger structures, such as hot carrier effects and interfacial effects. In power MOSFETs, degradation of the transconductance can occur over the lifetime of a device. This decrease in performance is a result of hot carriers in the channel region scattering at a Si/SiO2 interface that has been passivated with hydrogen. Eventually hot carriers liberate the hydrogen, leaving silicon bonds with an entirely different scattering cross section. The current work presents a Monte Carlo simulation of carrier transport in
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Lo, Jeffery C. C., and S. W. Ricky Lee. "Design and Fabrication of MEMS Based Microphone Module by Using 3D Chip-on-Chip Package." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42561.

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Packaging of the MEMS based microphone is very important as the sensing diaphragm is very fragile. A suitable packaging method is required for the MEMS based microphone. In order to have a better understanding of packaging related issues of microphone, commercially available MEMS based microphone package is studied. Based on the preliminary study, a 3D Chip-on-Chip modulus is selected. The detail process flow of the mentioned package will be discussed in the following sections. Flip chip with lead free solder bumps are used in the proposed 3D Chip-on-Chip modulus. In contrast, wire bonds are u
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Lefevre, Matthew, Emmanuel Noraz, and Damien Veychard. "Repeatable Method for Automated Decapsulation of Silver Alloy Wire Packages." In ISTFA 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0491.

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Abstract Over the past several years there has been a large industry wide effort to change over from gold bonding wires to copper in order to minimize production costs. In certain cases this is not possible due to the relatively high hardness values of Cu [1], which leads to reliability issues in the manufacturing process. Silver (Ag) wire has been proposed and successfully implemented in many instances where Cu wire was not practicable. Unfortunately, currently integrated decapsulation methods severely damaged or destroyed the silver wires and bonds, making it impossible to perform production
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Manoharan, Subramani, Chandradip Patel, and Patrick McCluskey. "Advancements in Silver Wire Bonding." In ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2017-74286.

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Silver is a leading competitor to gold and copper in fine pitch wire bonding used in the interconnection of microelectronic devices. Primary material for wire bonding has been gold, which gave way to copper in order for original equipment manufacturers to realize cost benefits. However, copper wire bonding has exhibited several reliability issues, especially in industrial and high temperature applications. Corrosion is the major problem, which was mitigated by coating the wire with palladium, which increased overall cost of production. Other concerns include harder free air ball (FAB) leading
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Stölzle, Simon C., and Dominika P. Gałkiewicz. "GREEN BONDS REPRESENTING GREEN FINANCE IN EUROPE – BASIC CHARACTERISTICS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2020.27.

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This study examines whether there is a negative green bond premium for investors in the secondary European market. To answer this question, the matched pairs method is applied, where the daily i-spreads of green bonds and the interpolated daily i-spreads of similar non-green bonds are compared. The bond sample contains 37 bond couples issued by corporations, financial institutions and governments between November 2019 and April 2020. The findings suggest that there is an average statistically significant negative very small green bond premium. The negative premium could be explained by investo
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Skoglund, Lars, and Rajen Dias. "Laser Milling Techniques for Stacked Die Package Applications." In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0369.

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Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) lasers can be used as microsurgery tools to deprocess electronic packages to expose the device and internal package features. A UV laser milling tool was characterized for various applications on multiple die stacked packages to assist in fault isolation and failure analysis. Laser milling procedures evaluated were package delayering to expose traces, trace cutting so that fails can be isolated between the die and package, wire bond exposure and cutting, multiple stacked die exposure through mold compound decapsulation and device milling. Results show excellent select
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Vershinin, Stanislav A., Pavel A. Truskov, and Konstantin V. Kouzmitchev. "Impact of Hammock Formations on Vertical Obstructions." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51271.

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The paper considers scenarios of head-on impact on vertical obstacles and destruction of hummock subsurface parts represented as a discrete spherical-element medium. The issues analyzed include the 2-phase nature of interaction and destruction of a loose and connected medium and also the cyclic pattern of loading and dynamic effects emerging in interaction with the hummock keel. The contact local stress in the subsurface part is determined by solving the Hertz equation which describes the indent of a sphere into a plane slab. Structural bonds are destructed when cohesion vanishes over the slid
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Reports on the topic "Issues of bonds"

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Ambrosano, Julia, Alicia Lerner, Barbara Brakarz, and Vanessa Callau. How to Issue Thematic Bonds. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003014.

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Cohen, William S. Defense Issue: Volume 13, Number 27. Forming Bonds of Diplomacy to Avoid War. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342485.

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Asquith, Paul, Robert Gertner, and David Scharfstein. Anatomy of Financial Distress: An Examination of Junk-Bond Issuers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3942.

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Fleckenstein, Matthias, Francis Longstaff, and Hanno Lustig. Why Does the Treasury Issue Tips? The Tips-Treasury Bond Puzzle. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16358.

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Bailey, P., C. Dean, J. Collier, V. Dasappa, and W. Goldberg. Analysis of potential self-guarantee tests for demonstrating financial assurance by non-profit colleges, universities, and hospitals and by business firms that do not issue bonds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491561.

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Loureiro, Miguel, Maheen Pracha, Affaf Ahmed, Danyal Khan, and Mudabbir Ali. Accountability Bargains in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.046.

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Poor and marginalised citizens rarely engage directly with the state to solve their governance issues in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings, as these settings are characterised by the confrontational nature of state–citizen relations. Instead, citizens engage with, and make claims to, intermediaries some of them public authorities in their own right. What are these intermediaries’ roles, and which strategies and practices do they use to broker state–citizen engagement? We argue that in Pakistan intermediaries make themselves essential by: (1) being able to speak the language of p
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Promoting Social Bonds for Impact Investments in Asia. Asian Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210180-2.

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Social bond markets have grown rapidly in Asia and around the world amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Today, the global social bond market is dominated by bonds that address pandemic-related social impact areas. To better understand the potential contribution of social bonds in tackling developing Asia’s most urgent social issues, this study reviews the current status and recent trends of global and Asian social bond markets. It further analyzes social impact areas that can be addressed by social bonds in both the short and long term. The study’s findings can help align finance
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Asia Bond Monitor September 2021. Asian Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210338-2.

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In the second quarter of 2021, rising COVID-19 cases have cast a shadow over emerging East Asia's growth outlook. Yet the region's financial conditions remain broadly stable amid accommodative monetary policy stances despite some weakening signs. Local currency (LCY) bond markets in emerging East Asia expanded to $21.1 trillion at the end of June, as governments tapped LCY bonds to support recovery measures and contain the negative impact of rising COVID-19 cases. The ASEAN+3 sustainable bond market expanded to $345.2 billion at the end of Q2 2021, accounting for nearly 19% of the global susta
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value paymen
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the ri
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