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Klesnil, Jan. "Schengenský systém a aktuální problémy jeho realizace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204953.
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The aim of this diploma thesis lies in detail description of the whole Schengen system including its links to the general EU legal framework and in critical analysis of selected issues that the Schengen system is currently facing. The first chapter of the thesis deals with a general legal framework of the free movement of persons and the area of freedom, security and justice. The second chapter is devoted to the formation, development, actual legal framework and territorial scope of the Schengen system. Further there is a detail description of schengen cooperation with emphasis put on the protection of external borders and FRONTEX agency. By using a journal articles and relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU the third chapter is aiming to analyze selected issues of realization of Schengen system and to name its current challanges.
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Chang, Yi Xin. "The Schengen Area in Europe :origin, process, and implications." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953594.
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Ferrario, Ljuba. "Human rights protection and national interest: the case of border fences in the European Union." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359782.
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Ever since the beginning of the refugee crisis, the efficiency of the Common European Asylum System has been questioned by MSs and European institutions. Recently, physical barriers have been built by an increasing number of countries in the European Union for the purpose of border controls. Simultaneously, several human rights organization have expressed their concerns on the violation of the right to asylum and of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment resulting from the adoption of this method. This research will analyze this phenomenon through the perspective of international relations theory. The analysis will consider the realist approach in opposition to the liberal one, trying to assess whether border fences can be defined as an expression of national interest which compromises international cooperation in the field of human rights.
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Issa, Hassan. "As Políticas Públicas de Segurança:limitações do Espaço Schengen face ao terrorismo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13530.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasVivendo nós numa sociedade cada vez mais aberta, a União Europeia e, particularmente, o Espaço Schengen são também um reflexo disso. O Espaço Schengen permite a livre-circulação de pessoas e bens. No entanto, essa mesma circulação não pode comprometer a segurança dos seus cidadãos. Para tal, as Políticas de Segurança Pública são fundamentais, pois dão aos cidadãos a garantia da sua segurança. Assim, pretende-se aferir quais as consequências para o Espaço Schengen decorrentes da crescente ameaça terrorista que tem emergido em território europeu, de forma a compreender se tais ameaças poderão limitar a utilização do mesmo. Para tal foi necessário começar por falar no Homem e a Politica, perceber como o Homem é naturalmente um ser social e precisa de política para governar. Foi preciso explicar o que é a política, qual é a definição de política publica e como é formada. Para se falar do terrorismo no Espaço Schengen é obrigatório falar do espaço Schengen em si, referindo todos os acordos e atrasos que o transformaram no espaço comunitário de livre trânsito em que se encontra. Foram feitas entrevista a um especialista em trafego aéreo de passageiros, a membros das principais religiões e a um membro do Parlamento Europeu.
We live in an increasingly open society, the European Union and particularly the Schengen area are also a reflection of this. The Schengen area allows free circulation of persons and goods within its member countries. However, the same movement cannot compromise the security of its citizens. To this end, the Public Security Policies are essential because they give citizens the guarantee of their security. Thus, we intend to assess the consequences for the Schengen area stemming from the growing terrorist threat that has emerged in Europe, in order to understand whether such threats may limit its use. For this it was necessary to start by talking about the man and Policy, that is it necessary to use policy to govern society. It was necessary to explain what is policy, what is the public policy setting and how it is formed. To speak of terrorism in the Schengen area is required to speak of the Schengen area itself, referring all agreements and delays that turned in the Community free transit space in which it is. Interviews were made to an air passengers traffic on Schengen routes specialist, to members of the two major religions and to a E.U. Parliament member.
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Klemšová, Veronika. "Rozšíření Schengenského prostoru v roce 2007 se zaměřením na Českou republiku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10565.
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The diploma thesis aims to describe the enlargement of the Schengen area in 2007 with nine states that became members of the EU in 2004- without Cyprus. The great attention is paid to the Czech Republic. In the first chapter I explain the basic terms and mechanisms of the Schengen cooperation. The next chapter deals with the preparation course and the evaluation proces of the states preparing for the accession to the Schengen area. It was the Visegrad group (V4) which played a very important role during the preparation that is why I focused on the cooperation of this group in the third part of my diploma thesis. At the same time there is the visa harmonization cooperation within V4 mentioned there. The main part of the diploma thesis is the chapter called the Czech Republic and the Schengen area where I analyse a strategy and arrangements implemented in the Czech Republic. The enlargement of the Schengen area with nine new states was accomplished in 2007 thanks to consistent preparation of all countries that was verified by evaluation mission experts. The participation in the Schengen area has its positive and negative sides. The impacts of the Schengen enlargement and the problems rised after accession of nine states to the Schengen are more described in the last chapter.
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Espiritu, Rita V. "Local area network (LAN) compatibility issues." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28335.
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Landolfo, Luigi. "Monetary and fiscal policy issues in the Euro area." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10959/.
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Harrison, S. M. "Radio frequency design issues for a broadband local area network." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375840.
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Kadarma, Johny. "Internetworking issues: bridging Local Area Networks using systems of communicating machines." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27106.
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Kwok, Ki-wa Joyce. "Hong Kong international telecommunications : strategic issues /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1883727X.
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Ismail, Normaz Wana. "Issues in regional economic integration : evidence from ASEAN free trade area (AFTA)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440948.
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Galvanauskaitė, Edita. "Imigracijos poveikis nacionaliniam saugumui Šengeno erdvėje: Lietuvos atvejis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090612_103037-15928.
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Tyrimo problema: iki šiol Lietuvoje laikomasi nuomonės, kad migracija nacionaliniam saugumui grėsmės nekelia, nes imigracija į šalį yra nedidelė ir valstybė nėra potencialiu teroristinių išpuolių taikiniu. Viena vertus, būdama skurdesnė už Vakarų Europos valstybes, Lietuva išties vis dar nėra imigracijos traukos objektu. Tačiau nuo 2007 metų gruodžio 21 d. padėtis pradėjo keistis – dabar Lietuva yra viena iš Šengeno erdvės šalių, kuriose yra panaikinta vidaus sienų kontrolė ir saugomos tiktai išorinės sienos. Tai reiškia, kad turėdama dešimtadalį Šengeno erdvės sausumos sienos, Lietuva nelegaliems migrantams ir žmonių kontrabandininkams tampa patrauklia tranzito šalimi į Vakarų valstybes, ir todėl šalis neišvengiamai susidurs su didesnėmis migracijos keliamomis grėsmėmis saugumui. Antra vertus, klaidinga manyti, kad pagrindinės migracijos keliamos grėsmės saugumui yra susijusios su terorizmu ar socialiniais neramumais. Tai tik pora iš daugelio migracijos keliamų grėsmių saugumui. Todėl dabar yra tinkamas laikas nagrinėti, kokį poveikį migracija turi Lietuvos nacionaliniam saugumui Šengeno erdvėje.
Darbo objektu yra imigracijos daromas poveikis nacionaliniam saugumui.
Šio darbo tikslas yra aprašius migracijos ir saugumo sąvokų raidą, išskyrus jų tarpusavio ryšį ir įvertinus iš šio ryšio kylančias grėsmes bei išanalizavus Šengeno erdvę, kaip Europos Sąjungos priemonę tinkamai užtikrinti piliečių judėjimo laisvę ir saugumą, nustatyti, kokią įtaką buvimas išorine Šengeno erdvės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Problem of the study: According to public opinion, migration is not a threat to national security in Lithuania mainly because of to reasons. Firstly, Lithuania does not suffer from immigration flows. Secondly, as threat to national security, immigration is seen only in direct connection with terrorism. On one hand, being poorer than the Western European countries, Lithuania has not been one of the migration target countries. But from 2007 on 21 December situation has changed - now Lithuania is one of the Schengen Area States, where control on internal borders is completely removed and safety of the area is guaranteed by control of external borders. This means, that with a tenth of the Schengen Area external land border, Lithuania is becoming an attractive transit country to Western countries for illegal migrants. Therefore, it will inevitably face with greater immigration threats to security. On the other hand, terrorism is only one of the many immigration threats to security. Because of all this, now is the best time to examine the immigration’s impact to national security of Lithuanian in the Schengen area. The subject of this study is immigration’s impact on national security. The aim of this study is by describing development of the migration and security concepts, finding migration-security nexus and assessing threats arising from this nexus to national security, together with analysis of the Schengen area, as a tool to ensure free movement of citizens and security the... [to full text]
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Brown, Victoria Ann. "Public health issues and general practice in the area of Middlesbrough, 1880-1980." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4937/.
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The thesis looks at the industrial town of Middlesbrough from 1880-1980. It examines public health issues the town encountered, with particular reference to General Practitioners (GPs), assessing their interactions with the community, local authorities, industry and medical professionals. The rationale for this study was to evaluate the relationships the GPs formed within the town and how they responded to the changing nature of health in Middlesbrough as the century under investigation progressed. GPs are often overlooked within medical history; therefore, the study provided an opportunity to examine their role over an extended period. The thesis utilized a previously unused archival resource, the Dr Geoffrey Stout Collection (Teesside Archives, Middlesbrough). Additionally, it analysed Medical Officer of Health reports, local newspapers, medical journals, council minutes and comparable secondary literature sources. Oral history interviews with retired GPs from the area were also collected throughout the project. The thesis determined that GPs within Middlesbrough had complex relationships with the principle stakeholders of the town, the attitudes of the GPs, especially towards public health, often being in conflict with the town’s officials. Middlesbrough’s association with industry compromised the community’s health; this complicated not only the GPs relationship with the community but, on occasion, caused the town’s authorities to delay in their response to outbreaks of disease in order to protect Middlesbrough’s industrial paymasters. This thesis provides a continuous outline of the role of GPs in an industrial town, not only at the height of its success but also during the post-WW2 decline. It presents analysis of the GPs interactions, roles, attitudes, successes and failures. Additionally, it reviews the town’s health and the attempts made to combat disease, improve sanitation and reconstruct housing. The study establishes the origin of the town’s long-term association with poor health, a topic still pertinent and relevant in modern policy debate.
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McIntosh, Athalinda J. "International adult education as an area of study in universities : some curriculum issues." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320850.
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Munishwar, Vikram P. "Storage and indexing issues in sensor networks." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Carias, Flores Marcos. "Challenges for Macroprudential Policy in the Euro Area : Cross-Border Spillovers and Governance Issues." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0067.
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Considérant les fragilités d’une union monétaire hétérogène, ainsi que l’incapacité de la politique monétaire unique pour stabiliser les cycles financiers nationaux, des nouveaux outils pour sauvegarder la stabilité financière sont de rigueur dans l’Union Economique et Monétaire (UEM). En réponse à la crise financière, les économies avancées ont fortifié la boite à outils avec l’approche macroprudentielle à la réglementation prudentielle ; à savoir la pratique de se servir des instruments prudentiel dans le but de protéger la santé du système financier dans sa globalité et l’économie réelle, et plus seulement la santé des banques individuellement. La politique macroprudentielle porte sur ses épaules la responsabilité de maîtriser le risque systémique dans l’Union, mais les hétérogénéités nationales qui la caractérisent entraînent des redoutables défis. Cette thèse a comme but d’enrichir le débat en examinant comment les hétérogénéités macrofinancières et institutionnelles peuvent conditionner la conduite des politiques macroprudentielles. Il s’agit d’un sujet souvent abordé dans la littérature macroéconomique d’après-crise, mais la réflexion est souvent fondée sur des prémisses ne prenant pas compte des complexités inhérentes aux concepts fondamentaux, tels que la stabilité financière elle-même. Plutôt que construire des modèles davantage sophistiqués visant à incorporer toutes les dimensions du phénomène, il est possible d’améliorer l’exercice de modélisation en portant en réévaluant les bases conceptuelles. Pour cette raison, le premier chapitre est dévoué à un survol critique de la littérature dans lequel on identifie plusieurs points de tension souvent ignorés, puis on les interprète dans le contexte de l’UEM. Sur la base des enseignements du chapitre I, le chapitre II aborde la question de s’il est souhaitable que les régulateurs se soucient de stabiliser le cycle financier national en présence d’effets de report transfrontaliers, tel que dans le régime en vigueur. Dans ce but, on se sert d’un modèle statique Néo-Keynésien à deux pays où l’utilisation du coussin de fonds propres contracyclique dans le cœur nuit à la stabilité financière de la périphérie via le marché interbancaire. En comparant une règle de stabilisation nationale à un régime où le régulateur du cœur internalise les effets de report, on cible des scénarios où le statu quo se révèle sous-optimal. Finalement, le chapitre III s’intéresse aux importantes divergences institutionnelles qui existent entre les régulateurs nationaux. En examinant l’information officielle, ainsi que les évaluations du FMI et du FSB, on documente les différences qualitatives dans le cadre de gouvernance à travers six axes : mécanismes de coordination, complétude des instruments, indépendance, fluidité du processus de décision, force du mandat légal, degré de transparence et recours à la communication. Sachant que les caractéristiques institutionnelles affectent la vitesse de réaction, on propose un index synthétique comparatif pour capturer quantitativement comment ces divergences institutionnelles sont susceptibles d’influencer le biais à l’inaction. On trouve que les pays sont inégalement protégés contre le biais d’inaction, mais qu’il existe différentes approches possibles pour créer des cadres de gouvernance résilientsGiven the fragilities of a heterogenous monetary union and the inability of the single monetary policy to lean against the wind of national financial cycles, new policies to defend financial stability in the European Monetary Union (EMU) are of the upmost importance. In response global financial crisis, advanced economies have supplemented their policy arsenal with a macroprudential approach to financial regulation, the practice of using prudential regulation to protect the health of the financial system and the economy as a whole, rather than just the health of individual institutions. Policymakers have unambiguously placed the task of containing systemic financial risk on the shoulders of macroprudential policy, but the national heterogeneities that characterize the Euro area pose significant challenges. The purpose of this thesis dissertation is to enrich the debate surrounding Euro area macroprudential policy by exploring how macrofinancial and institutional heterogeneity can condition its proper conduct. Macroprudential policy is a popular subject in post-crisis macroeconomics, but analysis is often built on premises that fail to acknowledge the complexities inherent to its most basic concepts, such as financial stability itself. Rather than building ever-more complex models that aim to incorporate all the dimensions of the phenomenon, the problem can be addressed by conducting a critical reflection on the field’s conceptual bases before formulating a model’s assumptions. In the first chapter, we conduct a critical review of the literature and identify several points of tension, interpreting their implications for the Euro area case. Based on the insights of chapter I, chapter II revisits the question of whether it is ideal for regulators to keep a narrow focus on national financial stabilization in the presence of cross-border spillovers, as is currently done. To do so, we build a static two-country New-Keynesian model where countercyclical capital regulation in the core affects financial stability in the periphery through the interbank market. By comparing national stabilization rules to a regime where the core regulator internalizes the spillover, we identify scenarios where the status quo is suboptimal. Finally, chapter III examines the significant institutional differences that exist among EMU national regulators. By reviewing official information , as well as assessment reports from the IMF and the FSB; we map the qualitative differences of national governance frameworks across six dimensions: presence of coordination mechanisms, completeness of instruments, independence, decision-making expeditiousness, strength of the legal mandate, use of communication and transparency. Given that institutional characteristics influence reactivity, we aim to quantify how this institutional heterogeneity affects the vulnerability to inaction bias through a comparative synthetic index. We find that countries are unequally protected against inaction bias, but there are several possible approaches to building robust governance frameworks
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Chan, Edward. "Supporting heterogeneous traffic in LANs and WANs : issues and techniques." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390607.
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Weathers, April F. "El Acuerdo de Schengen y El Sistema de Dublín: Su Influencia en La Formación de La Política de Asilo en La Unión Europea." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/449.
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En 1985 Alemania Occidental, Bélgica, Francia, Luxemburgo, y los Países Bajos, establecieron el Acuerdo de Schengen sobre la cooperación en la abolición de fronteras interiores como respuesta al Acta Única Europea que creó el mercado común en la Unión Europea. Este acuerdo se evolucionaría a la Convención de Dublín en 1990, y los dos se convertirían en la base de la política de asilo en la Unión Europea, estableciendo un enfoque intergubermental en ella.
Es la provisión del mercado común sobre la libre circulación de personas que inició estos acuerdos intergubermentales. La libre circulación de personas involucra a todo extranjero también, incluyendo a los refugiados. A lo largo de esta tesis, se explora las razones para el establecimiento de los acuerdos intergubermentales y que efecto tienen en la formación de la política de asilo en la Unión Europea. También explora el efecto para la obligación a los refugiados según la Convención sobre el estatuto de los refugiados de 1951. Con el precedente de los acuerdos intergubermentales como Schengen y Dublín y la desgana de renunciar a la soberanía nacional sobre el asilo, el enfoque intergubermental, o sea, la cooperación en asuntos fronterizos en vez de la armonización de las políticas nacionales, queda aun cuando se incorporaron Schengen y Dublín a la ley comunitaria durante la época del Tratado de Ámsterdam. Sólo con el Tratado de Lisboa entonces podemos ver un cambio en el régimen de asilo fuera del enfoque intergubermental, más hacia la armonización.
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Yokoyama, Yuzuru. "Social adjustment issues among Japanese wives of businessmen and visiting scholars in the Seattle area /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11162.
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Sin, Chong-hwa. "The historical formation of modernity in Korea : events, issues and actors." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106956/.
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This thesis aims to provide a view point from which we can understand the long-term historical transformations of Korean politics since the late fourteenth century. I will attempt to illustrate the overall configuration of Korean politics with sociological reference to three questions: what kinds of political events have occurred? Which political issues have led to the participation of major political actors? How have these actors shown their political orientation in practice and how have events and actors determined politics, or, if there is no determination, how have they influenced the overall shape of politics? The concept of modernity in this thesis is mainly used to indicate the embodiment of political actors’ alternative visions without necessarily accepting the widely acknowledged assumption that modernity is the epochal quality of the contemporary period which exclusively enjoy. Some sociologists, especially in comparative-historical sociology, since the late 1990s have shown their intellectual interest in conceptualizing ‘multiple modernities'. They recognize the importance of theorizing the existence of plural forms of societal development for the contemporary situation, while some classical ideas on modernity based on the European or American experience have been critically evaluated in regional studies. If the Korean experience is regarded as an example of multiple modernities, it is not because the political boundary itself - which has been called Korea, as well as Chosun, Koryo, Balhac/Shilla, etc. -, has its own distinctive political and cultural color. Rather it is because the actors in Korean history generally, have shown themselves to be a good example for evaluating modernity. Regardless of quite different historical trajectories, the compatibility of the Korean experience with others under the title of multiple modernities, can be adduced both from the way in which human practices have emerged in their collective form, with their own political orientations, and in the relationship to other actors within a boundary.
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Baglioni, Elena <1977>. "Fresh fruit and vegetable exports from Senegal. Capital, land, and labour issues in the Niayes Area." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2060/.
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Vagnarelli, Fabio <1981>. "Key issues in diagnosing and treating acute aortic syndromes: results from the metropolitan area of Bologna network." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6891/.
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Background: Survival of patients with Acute Aortic Syndrome (AAS) may relate to the speed of diagnosis. Diagnostic delay is exacerbated by non classical presentations such as myocardial ischemia or acute heart failure (AHF). However little is known about clinical implications and pathophysiological mechanisms of Troponin T elevation and AHF in AAS.
Methods and Results: Data were collected from a prospective metropolitan AAS registry (398 patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013).
Troponin T values (either standard or high sensitivity assay, HS) were available in 248 patients (60%) of the registry population; the overall frequency of troponin positivity was 28% (ranging from 16% to 54%, using standard or HS assay respectively, p = 0.001). Troponin positivity was associated with a twofold increased risk of long in-hospital diagnostic time (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.05-3.52, p = 0.03), but not with in-hospital mortality. The combination of positive troponin and ACS-like ECG abnormalities resulted in a significantly increased risk of inappropriate therapy due to a misdiagnosis of ACS (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.12-5.54, p = 0.02).
Patients with AHF were identified by the presence of dyspnea as presentation symptom or radiological signs of pulmonary congestion or cardiogenic shock. The overall frequency of AHF was 28 % (32% type A vs. 20% type B AAS, p = 0.01). AHF was due to a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms including cardiac tamponade (26%), aortic regurgitation (25%), myocardial ischemia (17%), hypertensive crisis (10%). AHF was associated with increased surgical delay and with increased risk of in-hospital death (adjusted OR 1.97 95% CI1.13-3.37,p=0.01).
Conclusions: Troponin positivity (particularly HS) was a frequent finding in AAS. Abnormal troponin values were strongly associated with ACS-like ECG findings, in-hospital diagnostic delay, and inappropriate therapy. AHF was associated with increased surgical delay and was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.
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Ahmed, Nadeem Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A pragmatic approach to area coverage in hybrid wireless sensor networks." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44280.
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Success of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) largely depends on whether the deployed network can provide desired area coverage with acceptable network lifetime. In hostile or harsh environments such as enemy territories in battlefields, fire or chemical spills, it is impossible to deploy the sensor nodes in a predeter- mined regular topology to guarantee adequate coverage. Random deployment is thus more practical and feasible for large target areas. On the other hand, random deployment of sensors is highly susceptible to the occurrence of coverage holes in the target area. A potential solution for enhancing the existing coverage achieved by random deployments involves the use of mobility capable sensors that would help fill the coverage holes. This thesis seeks to address the problem of determining the current coverage achieved by the non-deterministic deployment of static sensor nodes and subsequently enhancing the coverage using mobile sensors. The main contributions of this dissertation are the design and evaluation of MAPC (Mobility Assisted Probabilistic Coverage), a distributed protocol for ensuring area coverage in hybrid wireless sensor networks. The primary contribution is a pragmatic approach to sensor coverage and maintenance that we hope would lower the technical barriers to its field deployment. Most of the assumptions made in the MAPC protocol are realistic and implementable in real-life applications e.g., practical boundary estimation, coverage calculations based on a realistic sensing model, and use of movement triggering thresholds based on real radio characteristics etc. The MAPC is a comprehensive three phase protocol. In the first phase, the static sensors calculate the area coverage using the Probabilistic Coverage Algorithm (PCA). This is a deviation from the idealistic assumption used in the binary detection model, wherein a sensor can sense accurately within a well defined (usually circular) region. Static sensors execute the PCA algorithm, in a distributed way, to identify any holes in the coverage. In the second phase, MAPC scheme moves the mobile nodes in an optimal manner to fill these uncovered locations. For different types of initial deployments, the proposed movement algorithms consume only 30-40% of the energy consumed by the basic virtual force algorithm. In addition, this thesis addresses the problem of coverage loss due to damaged and energy depleted nodes. The problem has been formulated as an Integer Linear Program and implementable heuristics are developed that perform close to optimal solutions. By replacing in-operational nodes in phase three, MAPC scheme ensures the continuous operation of the WSN. Experiments with real mote hardware were conducted to validate the boundary and coverage estimation part of the MAPC protocol. Extensive discrete event simulations (using NS2) were also performed for the complete MAPC protocol and the results demonstrate that MAPC can enhance and maintain the area coverage by efficiently moving mobile sensor nodes to strategic positions in the uncovered area.
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Peers, Steve. "Who's judging the watchmen? : the judicial system of the 'area of freedom security and justice': Caveat emptor? integrating the Schengen Acquis into the European Union legal order: Human rights and the third pillar." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343584.
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Rodriguez, Bautista Daniela. "Le contrôle des frontières et le régime des visas dans l'Union Européenne : sécurité intérieure ou prérogative de souveraineté ?" Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2017/document.
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Portant sur le contrôle des frontières et la gestion des flux migratoires au sein de l’Union européenne, le présent travail a pour objectif de déterminer si le pouvoir discrétionnaire des États membres survient comme une prérogative de souveraineté pour des raisons de sécurité intérieure à l’Union, ou bien si cette prérogative souveraine se consolide à travers la sécurité intérieure. Ce travail permet ainsi d’illustrer l’importance du rôle joué par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne dans l’harmonisation de l’Union sur ces questions. Concrètement, cette étude décrit en détail la façon dont « l’imprécision » du cadre juridique de l’Union autorise une marge d’appréciation aux autorités nationales dans l’interprétation des faits, conformément aux dispositions générales du cadre juridique. Ainsi, le pouvoir discrétionnaire avec lequel les autorités consulaires et frontalières des États membres appliquent cette législation, laisse un doute raisonnable sur la mise en œuvre adéquate du cadre juridique. En d’autres termes, les autorités des États membres disposent de facultés discrétionnaires, qui leur permettent d’adopter des solutions ad hoc afin de combler les vides laissés par la législation européenne. Par conséquent, l’intervention de la Cour de justice s’avère indispensable afin de garantir une mise en application uniforme du droit dérivé de l’UnionIn the field of the borders control and migration flows management, the aim of this analyse is determine whether Member States discretion arises as a prerogative of sovereignty for reasons of internal security of the Union, or whether this sovereign prerogative is consolidated through internal security. This analyse also serves to illustrate the importance of the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union to harmonize the EU legislation in this area. Specifically, this study details how the "imprecision" of the EU legal framework permits discretion to national authorities in the interpretation of facts, in accordance with the general provisions of the legal framework. So, discretionary power with which consular and border authorities of the Member States apply this legislation, leaves a reasonable doubt on the proper implementation of the legal framework. In other terms, authorities of the Member States have discretionary power, which allow them to adopt ad hoc solutions to fill the gaps left by European legislation. Consequently, intervention of the Court of Justice is essential in order to ensure a uniform application of the Union's secondary legislation
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio determinar, en el ámbito del control de fronteras y la gestión de los flujos migratorios, por una parte, si la discrecionalidad de los Estados miembros surge por cuestiones que atañen a la seguridad interior de la Unión o por una prerrogativa soberana, o bien si la discrecionalidad se consolida a través de la seguridad interior. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia de la labor del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea para armonizar la normativa de la Unión en este ámbito. En concreto, este estudio describe con detalle como la “imprecisión” del ordenamiento de la Unión otorga un libre margen de apreciación a la autoridad nacional para interpretar los hechos conforme al precepto general del ordenamiento. De modo que, la discrecionalidad con la que esta legislación es aplicada por las autoridades consulares y fronterizas de los Estados miembros deja dudas razonables acerca de la correcta aplicación del ordenamiento. En otros términos, las autoridades de los Estados miembros disponen de facultades discrecionales que les permiten adoptar soluciones ad hoc para llenar los vacíos dejados por la legislación europea. Por lo tanto, la intervención del Tribunal de Justicia es indispensable para garantizar la aplicación uniforme del Derecho derivado de la Unión
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Gill, Deshinder Singh. "Issues for the design and implementation of a novel frequency agile modem on a broadband local area network." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328348.
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Wilkosz, Mary Elizabeth. "River and wetland conservation and preservation issues in Arizona : a study of agenda building." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=.
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Baskaran, Monisha. "Feasibility of Graphically Displaying Icing Information over a Large Geographical Area using Minimal Weather Data." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504874000423949.
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Yin, Yinan. "A comparative study on liability issues concerning maritime transportation of dangerous goods : international and Chinese perspectives." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20926/.
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The subject of dangerous goods as it pertains to carriage by sea is of growing importance and concern because it impacts on safety as well as environmental issues. Both involve liability associated with maritime transportation and liability in respect of dangerous goods is a complex area of law both from an international as well as a domestic perspective. China is a rapidly emerging economic power and a major world player in shipping and seaborne trade including import and export of hazardous substances. Furthermore, China is undergoing remarkable reform and transformation in all respects, and legal regimes, especially in the maritime field, are in a state of evolution. This thesis presents a two-fold area of concentration, that is, the international regime and the domestic Chinese law, looking at the safety as well as the environmental dimensions of international carriage of dangerous goods by sea. In order to carry out a comparative analysis of the international and Chinese legal regimes pertaining to the issues of contractual and tortious liability, a relatively detailed analytical examination of the international regime has been completed. Following this, the legal regime under Chinese law concerning the sea carriage of dangerous goods is critically evaluated in terms of the evolution of the domestic maritime law and the issues of application of international law and domestic law from the perspectives of regulatory law and civil liability. The discussion on the existing issues liability is centered on the principles of liability in tort and contract borne by private parties and state responsibility in respect of damage arising from the maritime transportation of dangerous goods. Conclusions are drawn from the summaries of chapters highlighting the critical issues in light of the findings of the research; the appropriate recommendations and suggestions for improvements to the international regimes; and proposals for law reform in the form of new legislation or amendments to existing legislation with the aim of improving the domestic regime to bring it into closer alignment with international law on the carriage of dangerous goods by sea.
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Mendoza, Kiana. "从里到外：The Relationship Between China’s Domestic Issues and Foreign Policy in the Context of Territorial Disputes in the East and South China Seas." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1413.
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The Chinese Communist Party’s legitimacy is crumbling within China. The government’s approach to policy making, ethnic minorities, corruption, and the environment has not satisfied citizens. Rather, as the CCP fails to address each of these domestic concerns the population grows increasingly skeptical, even critical of their ability to lead. In order to counter and distract from this dissatisfaction, the CCP is driven towards an increasingly active foreign policy. The CCP has curated a Chinese brand of nationalism founded in the “Century of Humiliation.” By providing constant reminders of the atrocities suffered at the hands of foreign invaders, the government’s intent is to establish an “us versus them” mentality that unites Chinese citizens not against the CCP, but against other countries. In the East China Sea, China has managed to incite tensions over the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands without aggressive military action; rather, a government-established history and well-placed propaganda has mobilized Chinese citizens against Japan. In the South China Sea, the CCP has been able to justify its military buildup by claiming historical and legal right to the area. By pointing out the multilateral institutions that have come together in the interest of combating China’s supposed “peaceful rise,” the CCP is able to justify its salami tactics in the region as self-defense. By finding enemies in Japan and South China Sea countries, the CCP is able to act as the righteous defender of China abroad, solidifying its approval and legitimacy with citizens.
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Rupe, Blake R. "Domestic and international environmental policy in Mexico : compounding issues for the marine environment." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560693.
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Mexico is home to almost 2.9 million square kilometers of land and water surface area that is affected by water pollution and environmental degradation. While geographically more prevalent to pollution threats as well as one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, it is important to coordinate the management and regulation of coastal zones effectively to safeguard these ecosystem from degradation. However, because of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, nations view the problem of living resources and their management as a national priority instead of an international cooperation initiative. Mexico's fragmented, overlapping, and sometimes corrupt domestic institutions for environmental policy yield ineffective and inadequate pollution control, a result of which is a high level of marine debris presence on the coasts, as evidenced by a recent study in Veracruz, Veracruz. This marine debris, the most abundant of which is composed of plastics, is detrimental to marine life, leading to death, starvation, debilitation, reduced quality of life and lowered reproductive performance. While several avenues are being explored to mitigate marine debris in the environment, such as decreasing knowledge gaps, increasing pollution prevention measures, and education, degradation issues have compounded globally, revealing a clear picture of inadequate international regulation and convention. A stricter Mexican national regulatory system that incorporates private and public waste management organizations to incentivize and facilitate waste cleanup is needed to improve the health of the global ocean.
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Stroud, Tatania E. "Issues surrounding the valuation of a park, applying commission for national parks and protected area guidelines to Awenda Provincial Park, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40344.pdf.
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Malala, Joy Nabwire. "Mobile payments systems in Kenya : a new era or a false dawn? : an examination of the legal and regulartory issues arising 'post' financial inclusions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67285/.
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This study, for the first time, brings together the detached understanding that facilitates coherent analysis of the emerging legal and regulatory issues that mobile payments introduce after financial inclusion in Kenya. To pursue these arguments firstly the thesis finds that the law on payments systems is incomplete as it does not address the specific issues necessary for an effective payments systems. It also puts forward the argument that the current regulatory regime is weak and largely unfelt due to its nascent state of development. Furthermore the current legal instruments are dispersed, and not uniformly applied among and across all payments systems and instruments as there exists an ambiguity in the legal definition of ‘mobile money’ and ‘deposits’ that present legal challenges in the enforcement of new regulations. Secondly, the cross-roads between the telecommunications industry and the financial industry that introduces non-banks into the retail payments market, presents a challenge in its effective regulation. As policy objectives are blurred when firms which are traditionally separated have to find appropriate regulatory frameworks in convergence. Thirdly this thesis examines the approach taken by Kenya in regulating mobile payments juxtaposing the realities that combine to blunt the impact of innovation and access to finance. This thesis serves as a foundational discussion on the regulatory capacity for the adoption and development of mobile payments within a regulatory vacuum and proposes that an appropriate regulatory framework is needed to addresses all these issues.
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Berg, Niemelä Anton. "Invävdhet, medlemskap och aktivering : En teoriutveckling av Carnegieskolan och en studie om hur invävdhet i metaorganisationer inverkar på regeringskansliets beslutsfattande." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33519.
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Den här uppsatsens syfte är att utveckla Carnegieskolans organisationsteori med en kompletterande teoretisering om hur organisationer hanterar sin invävdhet i meta-organisationer när de fattar beslut och handlar. För att möta syftet fokuserar uppsatsen vid att integrera Carnegieskolans teoribildning med Ahrne & Brunssons teori om metaorganisationer för att utveckla en teori om medlemskap i metaorganisationer som en särskild typ av invävdhet och beskriva hur organisationer relaterar till sitt medlemskap i beslutsfattande och handling. Uppsatsens empiriska del består i en jämförande fallstudie över hur regeringskansliet agerat i samband med medlemskapen i Schengensamarbetet respektive FN:s hållbarhetsagenda, Agenda 2030. Resultaten visar att regeringskansliet svarar mot invävdheten genom aktivering och riktning av enskilda delar av sin organisation mot meta-organisationen för att hantera sådana krav och förväntningar som medlemskapet medför. Resultaten visar därtill på hur invävdheten inverkat på regeringskansliets strukturer för beslutsfattande genom att organisationen integrerade element ur metaorganisationen i sina interna beslutsstrukturer för att underlätta beslutsfattande och konflikthantering. Studien visar även på hur medlemskap i meta-organisationen på ett avsiktligt rationellt sätt används som en extern referenspunkt att rikta regeringskansliets arbete mot. Uppsatsen bidrar till organisationsteorin med begreppet aktivering från ett inomorganisatoriskt perspektiv, en beskrivning av hur medlemskap i internationella meta-organisationer inverkar på regeringskansliets beslutsfattande och handling, liksom med grunder för en fördjupad teoretisk förståelse av vilken roll medlemskap tilldelas inom en medlemsorganisation och varför organisationer aktivt väljer att väva in sina beslutsstrukturer i sin omgivning.The purpose of this thesis is to further develop the organizational theory of the Carnegie school by contributing a theorization of how organizations handle being embedded in meta-organizations when making decisions and acting. To meet this purpose, the thesis focuses on integrating the theory of the Carnegie school with Ahrne & Brunssons theory of meta-organizations to develop a theory of membership in metaorganizations as a certain type of embeddedness and describe how organizations relate to their membership in decision-making and action. The empirical part of the thesis consists of a comparative cross-case study concerning how the government offices of Sweden responded to becoming members in the Schengen Area and the UN:s Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. The thesis’ results shows that the government offices responded to their embeddedness by activating and directing certain parts of its organization towards the meta-organization in order to handle the demands and expectations the membership entailed. The results further show that the embeddedness has affected the government offices’ structures for decision-making as the organization has integrated elements from the meta-organization into its own decision-structures to facilitate decision-making and handling conflicts. The thesis also show how membership in a meta-organization is used as an external point of reference for the organization’s operations in an intendedly rational way. The thesis thereby contributes to organizational theory with the concept of activation from a within-organizational perspective, a description of how membership in meta-organizations affect decision-making and action within the government offices, as well as foundations for a further theoretical understanding of the role membership is assigned within a member-organization and why organizations actively choose to embed their decision-structures in their environment.
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Chiesi, Lundgren Giuliana. "The Visegrad Group and the 2015-2016 Migration Crisis : “The countries of the Visegrad Group declare that they will continue to fulfil their obligation under the EU aquis, including the responsibility to protect the EU and Schengen Area external borders” (Visegrad Group,4 September 2015)." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35032.
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This thesis intends to establish whether and to what degree possible explanations for the Visegrad Group´s response to the 2015-2016 migration crisis can be provided by Postfunctionalism and Intergovernmentalism. The purpose of this study is not to explicitly test the two theories but to use them as tools to better understand the case under analysis, by applying a non-competitive approach. Based on the elaboration of 21 official statements released by the Visegrad Group between 2015-2016, findings show that both theories could (partially) confirmed my initial hypotheses. I conclude that security matters (as Intergovernmentalist suggests) consisted in the lion´s share in the statements, while economy matters (as also suggested by Intergovernmentalism) did not. When it comes to identity matters (as Postfunctionalism suggests), I conclude that those were used in connection to security matters, with the aim of forging a common European response to the crisis and to justify the partisan reaction of the Visegrad Group.
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Zuyeva, Lyubov I. "Equity issues in HOV-to-HOT conversion on I-85 North in Atlanta." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28267.
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Loubeyre, Alix. "Le droit européen des migrations et la confiance mutuelle entre les États membres de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D028.
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La question de l’existence et du maintien de la confiance mutuelle est essentielle à la compréhension des dysfonctionnements actuels de la politique migratoire européenne et des difficultés importantes de mise en œuvre du droit de l’Union dans ce domaine. Celui-ci organise en effet des rapports de coopération directs entre les autorités nationales chargées du contrôle des frontières, de l’asile ainsi que de l’entrée, du séjour et du retour des étrangers dans l’Union. Ces autorités nationales doivent alors avoir confiance dans la capacité et la volonté des unes et des autres de respecter leurs obligations européennes en matière migratoire. La confiance mutuelle entre les autorités nationales conditionne ainsi l’application du droit européen des migrations et a des conséquences importantes sur la situation des étrangers aux frontières de l’Union et sur son territoire. La confiance mutuelle est définie dans la thèse comme une combinaison de deux présomptions selon lesquelles les systèmes nationaux sont équivalents entre eux et tous conformes au droit de l’Union et notamment à ses valeurs fondamentales visées à l’article 2 TUE. La thèse analyse les dysfonctionnements de la politique migratoire commune sous le prisme de la confiance mutuelle et vise à démontrer que le droit de l’Union a été jusqu’à présent incapable de construire la « convergence systémique » nécessaire à garantir celle-ciThe question of the existence and preservation of mutual trust is essential in understanding the current dysfunctions of the European migration policy and the significant difficulties in implementing EU law in this area. EU migration law requires direct cooperation between the national authorities responsible for asylum, border control, entry, stay, and return of migrants in the European Union. These national authorities need to have confidence in each other's ability and willingness to meet their European obligations in the field of migration. This kind of mutual trust between the authorities has important consequences for the situation of migrants at the Union's borders, and within its territory. Mutual trust is defined in the thesis as a combination of two presumptions. First, that national systems are equivalent to each other, and second, that they are all in conformity with Union law and in particular with its fundamental values as referred to in Article 2 TFEU. This thesis analyses the dysfunctions of the common migration policy under the prism of mutual trust and aims to demonstrate that EU law has so far been unable to build the ‘systemic convergence’ necessary to ensure it
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Mohsin, Taif. "Design of a predriver for an EDMOS-based Class-D power amplifier." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska komponenter, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98133.
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This thesis addresses the potential of implementing a predriver for class-D power amplifier for WLAN in 65 nm CMOS technology. In total, eight different predrivers have been created using Cadence Virtuoso CAD tools. All designs have been tested using Agilent's Advance Design System (ADS) and simulated using the ADS-Cadence dynamic link. Furthermore, a comparison between the eight designs and the reference design has been done. The examined parameters were output power (Pout), efficiency, and effective area consumption. The simulation results show that most of the proposed designs obtain higher output power, higher efficiency, and lower effective area than the reference design. For the reference design, output power of 34.2 dBm, efficiency of 20.8 %, and effective area of 63952 um2 were obtained. For design No.1, the effective area was 31511um2, which was almost half of the area occupied by the reference design. For design No.3, the efficiency was 71.2 %, which was almost 3 and half times higher than the efficiency of the reference design. Furthermore, all designs, except design NO.7, gave more or less the same output power (around 34.4 dBm).
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Oliveira, Jionaldo Pereira de. "The challenge of housing: reproduction of the popular residential area of urban Mossoro (RN)in term of the statute of the city (2001 - 2011)and issues sociogeographic." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10913.
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This research defined as an object of study in this popular residential urban area of MossorÃ-RN as representative of the social processes in term of the Law 10.257/2001, known as the City Statute. This assumption, we analyzed the spatial fundamentals that affect social housing in Mossorà between 2001 and 2011. The approach of housing in the geographic space does not dispense with the assumption that its expression is also a reflection of the dynamic social, economic and political, and even cultural, inherent spatial reproduction of society. The hegemony of the market economy has as part of its context the complexity imposed by its contingencies. In situations in which social inequalities are significant, such as Brazil, the intricate balance of forces that characterizes the spatial planning has a reference in housing consistent with their reasons. Alluding to this point the Brazilian context, it was found in many expressions, the situation of housing Mossorà is consistent with the national question in this regard. Among other reasons for this notion has been discussed on this site the presence of duality between city formal (legal) and informal city (illegal) housing and linked to it, as well as the self of the house as a procedure aimed at acquiring residence by social segments poorest. An argument guiding research was sustained on the paradox grounded in the notion that, although the owner of a collection of urban law and urban policy that covers the dwelling and its problems, there is an inherent difficulty in Mossorà by the power manager of the municipality of put into practice the laws available. As was noted, this restriction does not begin only with the entry into force of the Statute of the City, however it will be shown that this feature is favorable expression. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that this is one more feature that relates directly Mossorà with the national situation. This is because, although this law ensures the consideration of urban property as endowed with social function that is consistent in the city as an expression of this prerogative MossorÃ, his job this sense demonstrates difficulties for many reasons. Thus, it was found that since the first interventions of urban policy in the city, dating from the late 1960s, the solution of housing problems has been compromised. This assertion has legitimacy with the context of socio-spatial inequalities expressed in the processes of formation of spatial centrality and segregation, common in dynamic urban place. Thus, the diagnosis that exposes the housing problems, which reveals compromised quality of life of people living in social housing, this is, the poorest social segments of the local population. These classes, as shown by many indicators, are more vulnerable to infrastructure problems of housing, urban planning and restrictions that are the responsibility of the municipal administration.Esta pesquisa definiu como objeto de estudo a habitaÃÃo popular presente no espaÃo urbano de MossorÃ-RN enquanto representante dos processos socioespaciais no perÃodo de vigÃncia da Lei 10.257/2001, conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade. Neste pressuposto, foram analisados os fundamentos espaciais que condicionam a moradia social em Mossorà entre 2001 e 2011. A abordagem da habitaÃÃo no espaÃo geogrÃfico nÃo prescinde de considerar que sua expressÃo tambÃm à reflexo da dinÃmica social, econÃmica e polÃtica, e atà cultural, inerente a reproduÃÃo espacial da sociedade. A hegemonia da economia de mercado tem como componente de seu contexto a complexidade imposta por suas contingÃncias. Em realidades nas quais as desigualdades sociais sÃo expressivas, como o Brasil, a intrincada correlaÃÃo de forÃas que caracteriza espacialmente o territÃrio tem na habitaÃÃo uma referÃncia coerente com suas razÃes. Aludindo neste aspecto o Ãmbito brasileiro, constatou-se, em muitas expressÃes, que a situaÃÃo da habitaÃÃo popular mossoroense à coerente com a questÃo nacional neste sentido. Entre outras razÃes para esta noÃÃo foi discutida a presenÃa neste local da dualidade entre cidade formal (legal) e cidade informal (ilegal) e a moradia a ela vinculada, assim como a autoconstruÃÃo da moradia como procedimento voltado a aquisiÃÃo de residÃncia por parte de segmentos sociais mais pobres. Uma argumentaÃÃo norteadora da investigaÃÃo sustentou-se no paradoxo calcado na noÃÃo de que, embora detentora de um acervo de legislaÃÃo urbanÃstica e de polÃtica urbana que contempla a habitaÃÃo e seus problemas, existe em Mossorà uma inerente dificuldade por parte do poder gestor do municÃpio de colocar em prÃtica as leis disponÃveis. Conforme notou-se, esse entrave nÃo tem inÃcio apenas com a entrada em vigor do Estatuto da Cidade, contudo à neste perÃodo que esta caracterÃstica encontra favorÃvel expressÃo. Outrossim, à importante enfatizar que esta à mais uma caracterÃstica que relaciona diretamente Mossorà com a situaÃÃo nacional .Isso porque, embora esta Lei assegure a consideraÃÃo da propriedade urbana como dotada de funÃÃo social que coaduna na cidade como expressÃo Mossorà desta prerrogativa, seu emprego neste sentido demonstra dificuldades por muitas razÃes. Diante disso, constatou-se que desde as primeiras intervenÃÃes de polÃtica urbana na cidade, datadas do final da dÃcada de 1960, a soluÃÃo dos problemas habitacionais tem sido comprometida. Esta assertiva tem legitimidade diante do contexto de desigualdades socioespaciais expressas nos processos de formaÃÃo de centralidades espaciais e segregaÃÃes, comuns na dinÃmica urbana do lugar. Assim, o diagnÃstico que expÃe a problemÃtica habitacional, o qual revela o comprometimento da qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo residente em habitaÃÃes populares, isto Ã, os segmentos sociais mais pobres da populaÃÃo local. Estas classes, como revelam muitos indicadores, estÃo mais vulnerÃveis aos problemas de infraestrutura da moradia, assim como Ãs limitaÃÃes urbanÃsticas, que sÃo de responsabilidade da administraÃÃo municipal.
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Novotná, Markéta. "Mezinárodní rozměr imigrační politiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201125.
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The relation between the immigration policies and state sovereignty in the European Union (EU) is both a most topical and controversial issue. The dissertation is conceived as a disciplinary interpretative study based on the concept of four types of sovereignty by S. Krasner. This approach allows to interpret the seeming contradiction between a state perceived as a sole actor in the area of immigration policy and the communitarization of the immigration policy at the EU level. By using the analysis of discourse as well as of practice, this thesis acknowledges shifts of power to the EU, but stresses that these shifts represent strengthening of other factors of power and control at the same time. Thus, in certain, particularly security, aspects, European harmonization of immigration policy can reinforce state sovereignty. It applies to the external as well as internal dimensions of the EU immigration policy that a part of the policy remains to be decided at the national level. Nevertheless, also the communitarized area offers the member states a significant room for discretion. Thus, there is still considerable tension between the idea of solidarity between member states on one hand and their national interests on the other and the common European immigration policy remains to be achieved in future.
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Costa, Francisca Pinheiro da Silveira. "Áreas legais de preservação (APP e RL) do Município de Engenheiro Coelho-SP: distribuição espacial e situação sócio-econômica visando um plano de intervenção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-25112008-101622/.
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Este trabalho realizou o levantamento das áreas de APP (Área de Preservação Permanente) e das áreas de RL (Reserva Legal) do município de Engenheiro Coelho - SP e alguns aspectos sobre a situação sócio-econômica dos proprietários rurais, partindo da hipótese de que as informações geográficas e sócio-econômicas podem ser úteis para guiar um plano de intervenção prático e viável, que proporcione ao município a otimização ao cumprimento legal em relação a estas áreas. A metodologia empregada envolveu a elaboração e aplicação de questionários, com a finalidade de obter dados suficientes para traçar parâmetros sobre os aspectos sociais e econômicos, relacionando-os com a aceitabilidade no momento da implantação de um plano de intervenção ambiental local. O uso de geoprocessamento da área e a elaboração de mapas através de SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica) foram fundamentais para conhecer a realidade do município em relação às áreas de preservação em cada propriedade, identificando-as e localizando as áreas com passivos de cobertura florestal. Para a adequação dessas áreas foi levado em consideração de critérios legais, para a recomposição da APP e RL, sendo que a RL foi estabelecida para facilitar a criação de corredores ecológicos. A área total de APP do município corresponde a 9,96% da área total. Deste total 7,73% apresentaram uso inadequado com a legislação ambiental. Vários locais aparecem com uso agrícola ou até mesmo construção de imóvel. A RL para a região é de 20%, mas somente 4,41% está com cobertura vegetal, restando 15,59% para ser reflorestado adequadamente. Adequar estes locais ajuda no cumprimento da legislação, na diminuição da fragmentação e perda dos ecossistemas naturais. Espera-se que as informações diagnosticadas neste estudo sejam relevantes para o poder público municipal, estadual e federal, planejar e executar ações concretas para a adequação das áreas de preservação permanente de sua responsabilidade no município de Engenheiro Coelho-SP; bem como criar subsídios e incentivos aos proprietários rurais. Ao realizar ações de reflorestamento ou conservação das áreas, espera-se também que haja parcerias entre as instâncias pública, privadas e educacionais do município, e que outros trabalhos surjam em conseqüência deste.The research was based on an inventory of the legally protected areas from Engenheiro Coelho municipality (State of São Paulo, Brazil) and the social-economic condition of the rural population to guide a practical and feasible intervention plan aiming the adjustment to legal requirements. The methods were based on field surveys with questionnaires to build an empirical database of social and economic information that were related to the acceptance of an environmental adjustment plan. The use of geotechnologies resulting in Geographic Information System based maps was fundamental for the identification of the environmental standard of each rural property allowing the identification of areas that should be protected by natural forests and were used for other proposes. Legal criteria were considered for the adjustment plan of riparian forests (APP) and legal reserves (RL). RL were recommended to maximize the establishment of ecological corridors between the forest fragments. The APP corresponded to 9.96 % of the municipalities area. From these, 7.73 % didnt conform to legislation, i.e. were not covered by forests. Agricultural land use and even construction sites were observed in APP. The legal area of RL for this region is 20 %, but only 4.41 % was covered with forests, remaining 15.59 % to be reclaimed by natural forest plantations. The more adequate use of these land according environmental legislation contributes to reduce landscape patchiness and fragmentation and the lost of natural ecosystems. We hope that this academic information is useful to allow the municipal, state and federal governments plan and put into practice concrete actions to adjust legally protected areas of their responsibility in the municipality of Engenheiro Coelho; and also reinforce financial subsidy to encourage the rural land holders. The resulting reclamation and conservation actions may encourage cooperation among private, educational and public stakeholders bringing to new initiatives in the environmental sector.
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Roux-Demare, Francois-Xavier. "De l'entraide pénale à l'Europe pénale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30062.
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L’entraide pénale se définit comme ce besoin des Etats de s’associer pour permettre la réalisation d’un objectif commun, celui de lutter plus efficacement contre le crime. A l’échelle européenne, les Etats ne vont pas se limiter à l’utilisation des mécanismes internationaux existants. Ils s’engagent dans un processus de coopération approfondi, provoquant une régionalisation de l’ensemble des normes favorisant la lutte contre la criminalité, plus spécialement la criminalité organisée. Cette évolution vers un système partenarial répond à une nécessité illustrée par le rapport déséquilibré entre la criminalité transnationale et l’ « entraide pénale classique ». Pour répondre à l’accroissement de cette criminalité et aux insuffisances des outils européens classiques, les Etats européens instaurent un socle de règles communes, protectrices des droits fondamentaux, ainsi que divers principes juridiques dont l’harmonisation et la reconnaissance mutuelle. Progressivement, la coopération pénale en Europe ne se fonde plus sur une logique d’entraide entre les Etats mais sur un objectif d’intégration pénale développé au sein de plusieurs organisations. Parmi elles, il convient de distinguer plus particulièrement le Conseil de l’Europe, la Communauté européenne devenue l’Union européenne, le Benelux et le Conseil nordique. Concomitamment, cette entraide pénale européenne apparaît désormais comme une réalité complexe due à une multiplication des espaces pénaux. L’espace pénal formé par le Conseil de l’Europe et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (C.E.D.H.) se distingue plus particulièrement de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne (E.L.S.J.) identifié par ses multiples agences (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Comment s’opèrent aujourd’hui les mouvements de coopération et d’intégration pénales entre les Etats européens ? N’est-il pas envisageable de repenser l’architecture pénale européenne ? La réponse à cette question passe par la redéfinition des espaces pénaux européens sous le concept d’ « Europe pénale » et la proposition de nécessaires modifications organisationnellesJudicial cooperation in criminal matters may be defined as the need for individual States to work together to achieve a common goal in fighting crime more efficiently. On a European scale, States will not stop at the use of international mechanisms. They are committed to a deeper cooperation process which leads to the regionalization of norms and thus favors the fight against crime, and more particularly organized crime. Such a move towards a system of partnership is necessary, as may be seen in the relationship between transnational crime and “traditional cooperation in criminal matters”. To meet this need, European States must introduce a set of common rules, protective of fundamental rights, along with different legal principles, such as harmonization and mutual recognition. Progressively, cooperation in criminal matters in Europe is no longer based on the logic of mutual assistance between States, but aims at several organizations developing a policy of integration. Organizations of note, amongst the many committed to this process, are the Council of Europe, the former European Community, now European Union, the Benelux countries and the Nordic Council. Moreover, European mutual assistance in criminal matters seems to take on a complex reality from now on, due to the multiplication of criminal areas. The area formed by the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is distinct from the European area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ) identified by its many agencies (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Taken as a whole, this is a question of being interested in a process which leads to integration in criminal matters between European States. It might be useful to take this opportunity to suggest a re-definition of the European areas in criminal matters under the heading “Criminal Europe”. The necessary organizational modifications may thus be put forward
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Caoudal, Sophie. "Expérimentation Marseille 92-93 : mesure des précipitations en hydrologie urbaine à l'aide d'un radar bande X : le relief comme cible utile pour l'étalonnage et la correction d'atténuation, tests de cohérence des données issues des divers capteurs disponibles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10156.
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La mesure en temps reel et la prevision a courte echeance des precipitations sont des preoccupations quotidiennes pour une ville comme marseille ou le risque hydrologique est eleve (regime des precipitations, forte impermeabilisation des sols, relief marque). L'experience marseille 92-93 a ete menee dans le but d'ameliorer les techniques de mesure des pluies aux echelles de temps et d'espace de l'hydrologie urbaine. Ainsi, un radar de configuration legere en bande x a ete installe a proximite de la ville pour un raffinement local de la mesure en complement du reseau de pluviographes de la ville de marseille et du radar bande s de nimes (reseau aramis de meteo france). Cet appareil, petit et moins couteux que les appareils conventionnels est cependant sensible au probleme de l'attenuation. Dans ce travail qui contribue a une meilleure definition des conditions d'utilisation de ce radar, nous avons tente de tirer le meilleur profit du signal retrodiffuse par les montagnes pour ameliorer le traitement des deux erreurs preponderantes: l'erreur d'etalonnage et l'attenuation. Ainsi, nous avons montre que, par temps sec, ce signal permet de controler la stabilite de l'etalonnage. Par temps de pluie, l'etude de la contrainte d'attenuation totale nous a permis de proposer une methode d'etalonnage absolu du radar ne dependant que des mesures de cet appareil. La comparaison des resultats de cette approche avec celle, classique, reposant sur l'utilisation des mesures pluviographiques en confirme l'interet. De plus, trois algorithmes de correction d'attenuation ont ete mis en uvre, compares et valides a l'aide de mesures pluviographiques integrees a differentes echelles spatiales et temporelles. Grace a la maitrise de la parametrisation de ces algorithmes, nous avons montre que les diverses formulations (faisant ou non un usage explicite des mesures d'attenuation totales deduites du relief) conduisent a des resultats equivalents et satisfaisants pour la gamme d'attenuation observee
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Collet, Camille. "Comprendre le développement et la structuration de « l’espace des « socio-sports » rennais." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20059/document.
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L’impulsion donnée par les organes déconcentrés de l’État et la municipalité a contribué au développement des pratiques socio-sportives rennaises, grâce à l’action de structures appartenant à des secteurs divers. Cette dynamique à laquelle nous avons été associée nous a incitée à entreprendre une thèse afin de dresser un portrait du paysage socio-sportif local. Financée par le Cercle Paul Bert, la Ligue de l’Enseignement et l’UFOLEP, notre recherche s’est attachée à comprendre, à travers une démarche sociologique et qualitative, comment ce dernier se développait et se structurait. L’élaboration d’un « espace des « socio-sports », construit à partir de deux axes : l’approche de la pratique sportive et celle des publics en nous appuyant sur la théorie de l’intégration de R. Castel (1995), nous a permis d’identifier les acteurs et actrices qui se revendiquaient du « socio-sport » et de comprendre leur positionnement à la fois symbolique et pratique. La diversité des approches et des démarches observée sur le terrain contredit l’idée d’une unicité du « socio-sport » et d’un accord sur une définition unique, légitime. Une tension est présente entre plusieurs modèles, principalement celui reposant sur le modèle du sport de compétition et un autre modèle plutôt intégrateur voire inclusif. Ces tensions se cristallisent autour d’enjeux matériels, de moyens humains, financiers et symboliques : identitaires, territoriaux. Toutefois, l’analyse des approches et des démarches a fait ressortir des convergences, de possibles « caractéristiques » du « socio-sport », notamment une démarche d’« aller vers » les publics les plus éloignés de la pratique sportive et la nécessité, pour intervenir efficacement sur les territoires, de développer des partenariats. Ce travail de thèse répond à la volonté de proposer aux protagonistes un regard sur le paysage socio-sportif rennais leur permettant de ne plus l’envisager principalement sous l’angle concurrentiel mais complémentaireThe impetus given by the decentralized state’s organs and municipality contributed in the social and sports practices development in Rennes thanks to the structures action belonging to various sectors. We have been associated to this dynamic, has prompted us to undertake a thesis in order to draw a portrait on the socio-sports landscape. Funded by the Cercle Paul Bert, La Ligue de l’Enseignement and UFOLEP, our research focused on understanding, through a sociological and qualitative approach, how this last one developed and structured itself. The elaboration of a "sociosports" space, built from two axes: the approach of sport’s practice and the one of the public, based on the theory of the integration of R. Castel (1995), allowed us to identify the actors and actresses who claimed to be "socio-sport" and to understand their positioning, both symbolic and practical.The diversity of approaches and approaches observed on the situation contradicts the idea of a single "socio-sport" and an agreement on a single and a legitimate definition. There is a tension between several models, mainly one based on the sport competition model and another rather integrative or inclusive model. These tensions crystallize around material issues, human, financial and symbolic means: identity, territorial. However, the analysis of approaches and processes revealed some convergences, some possible "characteristics" of "socio-sport", including an approach of "going towards" the most remote publics of the sport and the necessity, to intervene effectively in the territories, to develop partnerships. This thesis work responds to the desire to offer to the protagonists a look at the Rennes socio-sport landscape allowing them to no longer consider it primarily from a competitive perspective but from a complementary one
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Silva, Cristiane Ayres da. "Brasil versus ALCA na estratégia das negociações: aço, alumínio e cobre." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9281.
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This paper aims to study some Brazilian issues that involve the formation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), mainly focusing on the analysis of the Brazilian industry of steel, aluminum and copper with respect to protectionist matters. Firstly, the study shows the Theory of International Trade developed from the ideas of David Ricardo, demonstrating the current tendency of commercial and financial globalization, followed by the presentation of some existing economic blocks. Subsequently, the Brazilian external politics strategies in order to overcome the impact of the proposals that involve the FTAA s creation, including within the WTO s scope, will be studied. Brazilian industry s competitiveness of the above-mentioned sectors will be analyzed as well, emphasizing the North-American tariff and non-tariff issues involved in the Brazil-USA trade
Este trabalho procura estudar algumas questões brasileiras que envolvem a formação da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), com especial ênfase na análise da indústria brasileira do aço, alumínio e cobre frente às questões protecionistas. Inicialmente o trabalho expõe a Teoria de Comércio Internacional desenvolvida a partir das idéias de David Ricardo, demonstrando a tendência da mundialização comercial e financeira em curso, seguindo com a apresentação de alguns blocos econômicos existentes. Posteriormente, procurar-se-á estudar as estratégias da política externa brasileira de superação dos impactos das propostas que envolvem a criação da ALCA, inclusive no âmbito da OMC. Analisar-se-á a competitividade da indústria brasileira dos setores referidos, evidenciando as questões tarifárias e não-tarifárias norte-americanas envolvidas no comércio Brasil-Estados Unidos
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Marty, Marie. "La légalité de la preuve dans l'espace pénal européen." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0107/document.
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La recevabilité de la preuve est sans doute l’une des questions les plusimportantes de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne,mais aussi une des plus complexes. Les difficultés relatives à l’utilisation d’unepreuve recueillie dans un État membre, devant les juridictions répressives d’un autreÉtat membre, semblent cependant avoir été sous-estimées par le législateureuropéen. En effet, l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la répression transnationale a étéune des priorités de la politique criminelle de l’Union ces quinze dernières années. Àce titre, le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération judiciaire, y compris ceuxvisant à l’obtention de la preuve transnationale, a été privilégié. Grâce au principe dereconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires en matière pénale, fondé sur laconfiance réciproque que les États membres se portent, les divergences etéventuelles incompatibilités entre les systèmes nationaux ont été tenues en échec,permettant ainsi la libre circulation des preuves dans l’espace pénal européen.Cependant, cette justification théorique n’est pas suffisante pour assurer larecevabilité mutuelle des preuves, la bonne administration de la preuve pénaledemeurant une question nationale, souverainement appréciée par le juge national.De plus, tant l’étude comparative des régimes probatoires nationaux que laprésentation des instruments de coopération judiciaire montrent des déficiencesprofondes, appelant ainsi à une protection accrue et harmonisée des droitsfondamentaux dans les procédures répressives au niveau européen, dans le butd’assurer la recevabilité mutuelle des preuves pénales dans l’espace pénaleuropéenAdmissibility of evidence is one of the most crucial and complicatedissues in the European Union’s area of freedom, security and justice. However, thedifficulties regarding the use of evidence gathered in one Member State inproceedings in another Member State through the mechanisms of judicialcooperation seems to have been underestimated by the European Union legislator,and this despite the success of criminal proceedings with a cross-border characterbeing considered a priority for the last fifteen years. Indeed, the EU’s criminal policyhas been striving for the strengthening of the efficiency of judicial cooperationbetween judicial authorities. This requires the improvement of the instrumentsdedicated to obtaining criminal evidence. Thanks to the principle of mutualrecognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters, based on mutual trust betweenMember States, the differences between and potential incompatibilities of nationalsystems should not be an obstacle to the free circulation of evidence in the EUcriminal justice area.However, this theoretical justification is not sufficient to ensure mutual admissibility ofevidence, as the good administration of evidence remains a national issue, with awide margin of appreciation accorded to the national judge. Furthermore, both thestudy of national procedural norms and the study of the European Union legalframework show deficiencies, requiring a coherent concept for the protection offundamental rights in criminal proceedings at the EU-level. A better and harmonisedprotection of procedural guarantees is the path to ensure the mutual admissibility ofevidence, overcoming national differences
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Newton, Eric. "Building rapport in mediation| A study of the application of intercultural competencies in a Midwestern mediation center." Thesis, University of the Pacific, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10140628.
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In today’s world, people from various cultures interact on a daily basis on a number of occasions. During these intercultural encounters, conflicts often arise. Intercessors are needed to help people navigate these types of disagreements. Mediators are considered some of these peacekeepers. This thesis engaged with mediators at a mediation center in the Midwestern United States in order to understand what strategies seemed most effective.
I examined the research that scholars have conducted regarding building rapport through utilizing respect and face issues, as well as nonverbal behavior. In addition, I explored the connection between the understanding of these factors and intercultural competence and intercultural conflict competence.
The purpose of this thesis was to see how these mediators understood and valued respect and face issues, including nonverbal behavior, when building rapport with parties in mediations. These mediators were engaged in two manners, via survey and interview questions. The intercultural competence of the mediators in these domains was also explored.
The results of the research in this thesis showed how the mediators were skilled in some areas, such as in rapport building and respect issues. It further revealed that they were in need of some skills for their toolbox, such as training on face issues and nonverbal behavior, including silence, tone of voice, and eye contact. Detailed recommendations for the mediators are provided. Future research is encouraged: A group of mediators that have exhibited intercultural competence should be selected in order to test their intercultural conflict competence.
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Lin, Wei-Cheng, and 林偉誠. "Issues and Strategies of landuse suitability in Cingjing Area." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51859561707400115745.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
100
Due to its special alpine landscape along with unique cultures of the Burma people and various farming activities, Ren-ai Township in Nantou Country has become a popular tourist area. According to the statistics derived from the Bureau of Tourism, the increase of tourists has lead to the growth of traffic and hotel industries since 2001. Through collecting information from the people in the Chinjing area and from the public opinion, this research discovers the problem of difficult water extraction, poor guesthouse management, and the construction of illegal buildings. Moreover, several problems such as the increasing pollution due to the development of the tourism industry, insufficient parking spaces, and the planting of high economic flowers have led to excessive land usage. In addition, the application of pesticide and fertilizer has also caused environment pollution, harming nearby lands of the Wushe reservoir. Results show that there are 373.66 hectares of available lands which are exclusive in the sensitive areas and are mainly located at the sides of the Tai-14 county route. Due to having the properties of those of small hinterlands, these areas are unable to develop into popular tourist spots. Within the sensitive areas are lands that are often covered by forests. Forest occupied areas, which account for 86.04%, are environmentally sensitive areas while bare collapse areas account for 4.64%, and farming area accounts for 3.05%. In order to lessen pollution, other than maintaining the current natural environment and strengthening the treatment of bare lands, we should stop occupying farmlands, especially the lands in nearby water sensitive areas. The banning of any form of land exploitation within 350.26 hectares of the sensitive areas is recommended in order to maintain conserve the environment and forest landscapes. In the future, the SWOT should be utilized along with the usage of advantages so that current forest landscapes, unique guesthouse features, and cultural diversity can be conserved. Moreover, through urban planning, more public space and the limitation of total development should be promoted. Thus, in order to strengthen alpine land management and prevent land exploitation, the central authority should convene a unit consisting of the Aboriginal Authority, the Forestry Bureau, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, the Tourism Bureau, the Construction and Planning Agency, and other relevant organizations, to avoid management difficulties that the local government might encounter.
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Lo, Wan-Ju, and 羅婉如. "China''s Unemployment Issues in the Urban Area Since 1990." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98234501636552409143.
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碩士銘傳大學
社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
93
Abstract In the planned economy era, the authorities of the Communist Party of China pursued the socialist way and had practiced so-called “Low wage, Extensive employment”, “Total Governing” employment policies. Unemployment never was a big problem under this employment management mechanism, which isolated rural areas from urban areas, assigned invariable job for everybody and took full responsibility for all enterprises in every stage of their life cycle. But since reform and opening up proceeded, CPC began to construct market economy system step by step, altered “worker with the job, farmer with the field” employment policy of planned economy system to market-oriented employment mechanism which leads to waste of people’s talent, lack of competitiveness, poor economic efficiency and productivity. Furthermore, the surplus manpower of many enterprises has increasing rapidly shifted to labor market which also torn apart the appearance of “Unemployment is not an issue in China”. During the economic structure adjustment period in 1990’s, industrialization progressed at a higher pace and unemployment rate and structure changed at the same time. Unemployment rate in urban area was accelerating because the job supply was always not sufficient to absorb large-scale surplus workforce released from rural area in recent years. Meanwhile, more and more laid-off workers have been drawing public’s attention toward the unemployment problem. The authorities of the CPC has proposed a reformation of employment system, strived for the development of “the Third Industry”, improve the labor market, and implemented re-employment projects. Great efforts have to be made to develop vocational education and training and to establish an educational system featuring the integration of vocational education with general education. An unemployment alarm system has been established. But all those policies and measures apparently haven’t reached their targets. In the near future, nobody could foresee the unemployment problem would be settled. Mainland China must be well prepared for a long-lasting battle to deal with the unemployment.
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Chen, Chun-wen, and 陳俊彣. "Travel Taxi Network in Chiayi Area: Current Situation and Issues." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76357843567534082300.
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碩士南華大學
旅遊管理學系旅遊管理碩士班
100
The taxi industry had decayed , and the taxi license also has limited .The government want to change the chaos of taxi company by the policy of individual taxi and cooperatives, but nor supporting policy. Due to the public transport system is gaining popularity , the bad economic environment , the taxi rates still keep the same , and therefore many old taxi drivers earn a living is hard in order to changed his career. Facing the impact of the environment, the traditional taxi industry hope to seek the transformation and different industry cooperation.The local government tried to promote sightseeing , so concerned how to connected with sightseeing and taxi , that is a good opportunity for industrial transformation. Few research about travel taxi , so it is still at the exploratory stage.These regional current situation and issues need to discuss and understand in-depth. We hope to find the effective model and the business device about travel taxi industry cooperative networks. Therefore the study adopts qualitative research attempts to discover the phenomenon in depth .The main research methods are three which is semi-structured one-to-one in depth interviews ,the search of the secondary data and participant observation . The use of three methods of triangulation , to improve the reliability and validity of the paper. We analyze the collection data by resources, cooperation model and possible benefits .So research results fingers the lack of sightseeing resources and local identification. The skill of taxi driver which is a key factor for the relation of the fine cooperation. According to the cooperation between tourism industry memberts , that can improve the visible benefits(reduce work hour . increase incomes)and invisible benefits(growth , cheerful job). Due to the research discovery , we can establish a travel taxi industry network business model, in order to provide the practical production for enterprises and governmen ; and to provide the reference for academia .