Academic literature on the topic 'IT-enabled transformation'
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Journal articles on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Vayghan, Jamshid. "Preface: IT-enabled business transformation at IBM." IBM Journal of Research and Development 56, no. 6 (November 2012): 0:1–0:3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2012.2206849.
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Cha, Kyung Jin, Taewon Hwang, and Shirley Gregor. "An integrative model of IT-enabled organizational transformation." Management Decision 53, no. 8 (September 21, 2015): 1755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2014-0550.
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Purpose – Despite much research on information technology (IT)-enabled organizational transformation (OT), there are still many issues to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by proposing an integrative model that includes specific transformation resources, capabilities, and outcomes pertaining to the success of IT-enabled OT. Design/methodology/approach – Using the resource-based view, organizational learning theory, and business process reengineering, the authors developed an integrative model of IT-enabled OT. To validate this model, the authors conducted in-depth case studies of five firms that reported successful IT-enabled OT and five others that reported less successful. Findings – This study offers three important findings. First, flexible IT and policies were found to be key transformation resources. Second, training, teamwork, leadership, and project ownership were identified as key transformation capabilities. Third, strategic outcomes such as responsiveness, customer satisfaction, and business scope were suggested as key transformation outcomes. The benefits realized by the less successful group tended to be limited to the operational level. Overall, the findings provide evidence that strategic benefits from the success of IT-enabled OT can be obtained by combining specific transformation resources and capabilities. Originality/value – The results of this study make three contributions to the literature on IT-enabled OT. First, the authors shed light on the underlying mechanism by which specific transformation resources and capabilities lead to the improvement of specific outcomes. Second, IT-enabled OT has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives. Third, the authors brought together the diverse literature on IT-enabled OT, presenting an empirically validated integrative model of IT-enabled OT.
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Wessel, Lauri, Abayomi Baiyere, Roxana Ologeanu-Taddei, Jonghyuk Cha, and Tina Blegind Jensen. "Unpacking the Difference Between Digital Transformation and IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 102–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00655.
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Christensen, J., and B. Hughes. "Voice-enabled IT transformation: The new voice technologies." IBM Systems Journal 46, no. 4 (2007): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.464.0763.
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Drnevich, Paul, Thomas H. Brush, and Gregory T. Luckock. "Process and Structural Implications for IT-Enabled Outsourcing." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsita.2011100103.
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Recent research examined the non-traditional, but increasingly common case of the use of IT to facilitate theoretically inconsistent outsourcing decisions involving (strategic) core firm resources and asset-specific capabilities. It further illustrated how IT can enable such outsourcing decisions and how performance advantages may ensue. However, the process and structural implications of such practices remain unexamined. This paper extends this area of research by proposing three distinct approaches to IT-enabled business process outsourcing (BPO). The authors differentiate these approaches by the timing of when the outsourcing vendor takes ownership of the activity, and when and where any transformation of the activity takes place. The authors label these processes by the order of the initial activities that lead the outsourcing process, (e.g., transformation, transition, or a transfer of an organizational activity). The authors illustrate and discuss the implications of the propositions through several real-world case examples.
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Bemgal, Sampath. "Explaining Hospital Laboratory IT Enabled Transformation: A Human Agency Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 11444. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.11444abstract.
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Platt, Richard G. "Blind Spot a Leader's Guide to IT-Enabled Business Transformation." Journal of Information Privacy and Security 8, no. 2 (April 2012): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15536548.2012.10845656.
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Chen, Jing (Elaine), Xiaomei Guo, and Hexi Zhao. "Cross-fertilization for routine reconfiguration in IT-enabled organizational transformation." Information & Management 58, no. 2 (March 2021): 103414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2020.103414.
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Eseryel, U. Yeliz. "The case of “Med-Global”: IT-enabled innovation and implementation by non-IT business unit leaders." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-01-2019-0013.
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Purpose This case describes three strategies that CIOs and C-level executives can utilize to successfully involve non-IT managers to achieve IT-enabled business transformation: create buy-in for a compelling IT-enabled business transformation vision, develop a strong, centralized change management function for IT-enabled transformation and develop a strong non-IT business leadership team.” Design/methodology/approach This case illustrates how CIOs of mid-size companies can lead a successful ERP system implementation by skillfully empowering their mid-level non-IT managers.” Findings The case of “Med-Global,” a global mid-size organization, offers an example of how CIOs and other senior IT executives successfully teamed up with their non-IT business managers. Practical implications Not long after the ERP system installation was complete ‘Med-Global’ was named by Fortune in its list of ‘The 100 Best Companies To Work For.’ Originality/value For three years, Yeliz Eseryel, a Management Information Systems researcher at the College of Business, East Carolina University, observed the implementation of a new company-wide IT system at a mid-sized medical diagnostic equipment company at the invitation of its senior management. During the implementation process, the author did first-hand research while working on many different Enterprise Resource Planning teams. Working as a member of the team, the author became a participant observer of the change process.
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Kauffman, Robert J., Dan Ma, and Byungjoon Yoo. "Guest editorial: Market transformation to an IT-enabled services-oriented economy." Decision Support Systems 78 (October 2015): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.05.012.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Rinkenberger, Jan. "Context of Self-Service Business Intelligence : A case study of IT-enabled organizational transformation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172376.
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Fast evolving digital technologies lead to a rapidly changing environment where decisions have to be made in a short time. The promised solution is data-driven decision making and business intelligence. However, business intelligence has until now only been available to executives and managers whereas many of the workers' wishes for their own business analytics could not be fulfilled. The concept of self-service business intelligence (SSBI) opens the gates to democratized business intelligence for everybody. Yet the implementation of SSBI tools is proving to be extremely difficult and has led to the consequence that many SSBI projects remain unsuccessful. This thesis therefore examines the influence of self-service business intelligence on organizational structures and business processes. Furthermore, assumptions made by contemporary industry studies and best practice reports are evaluated. The case study of the Power BI implementation project at a German medical and safety technology manufacturer successfully identifies real-life challenges. Moreover, the thesis stresses the importance of data governance and data infrastructures in the context of SSBI.
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Iveroth, Einar. "Leading IT-Enabled Change Inside Ericsson : A Transformation Into a Global Network of Shared Service Centres." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119624.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2010.The provided document is only the summary and introductory chapter of the thesis (i.e. excluding the five papers). If you want more information about the thesis as a whole please contact the author einar.iveroth@fek.uu.se. Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Safrudin, Norizan. "Business transformation management : composition and orchestration of management services." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79152/1/Norizan_Safrudin_Thesis.pdf.
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This research develops a better understanding on how large-scale and complex IT-enabled business transformations are managed. Evidence from three global case studies suggest that business transformations can be composed and orchestrated like a jazz band, where improvisation plays a fundamental role to maintain the melody, harmony and rhythm of such initiatives. The thesis details how the jazz metaphor can assist senior management on how to reuse and reconfigure capabilities as services for transforming organizations. To the academic body of knowledge, the thesis provides a study on the use of management services as a theoretical lens to examine Business Transformation Management.
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Singh, Rajendra. "Towards Information Polycentricity Theory - Investigation of a Hospital Revenue Cycle." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/ceprin_diss/3.
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This research takes steps towards developing a new theory of organizational information management based on the idea that information creates ordering effects in transactions and on the idea that there are multiple centers of authority in organizations. The rationale for developing this theory is the empirical observation that hospitals have great difficulty in managing information relating to transactions with patients. The research illustrates the detailed workings of an initial conceptual framework based on an action research project into the revenue cycle of a hospital. The framework facilitates a deeper understanding of how information technology can help transform information management practices in complex organizations, such as hospitals. At the same time, this research adds to the literature on Polycentricity Theory by linking its two core concepts – multiple nested centers of decision-making and context-dependent governance – with Transaction Cost Theory and information management theories to establish a new foundation for understanding the role of information technology in organizational contexts.
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Ellis, Andy. "An exploration of New Institutional Economics for the strategic analysis of e-business with reference to transformational change." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/699.
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This research applies institutional economics theory to management challenges arising in connection with e-business related transformational change. The research was carried out in response to widely recognised problems in managing IT-enabled change in complex organisations. A cyclic approach builds researcher competence in both the chosen theory, New Institutional Economics (NIE), and its application through a series of four contrasting case studies. The case situations, which derive from the researcher’s work as a technology management consultant, are treated as action research experiments which investigate e-business related transformational change in financial services, retail and government settings. A constructivist stance is adopted within the case situations with the researcher acting as a participant observer. Reflective practice is used to improve the experimental method for the case studies through the course of the research, leading to the use of participatory action research (PAR) for the final case. A literature review of NIE shows it to be loosely defined as a theory, so an analytic NIE framework is created to provide a cognitive model. This model is then modified and extended to produce a final theoretical framework. In parallel, a conceptual map of NIE is created from the research as a practical aid to illustrate NIE concepts and linkages. These two models, the theoretical framework and the conceptual map, evolve through the four case situations which were selected from a range of e-business consulting opportunities available to the researcher over the period of the research. The second case study drives the main development of the two models and draws out the necessary and complementary contributions of both transaction cost economics (TCE) and agency theory (AT) as parts of NIE, neither of which is sufficient on its own. The final case study demonstrates application to practice. The overall sequence of case studies shows the researcher’s cognitive growth from being a novice in the theory and its application in the first case through to a level of proficiency in applying NIE to the rigours of e-business practice in the final case. The research makes several contributions to knowledge. It makes a significant methodological contribution by bringing research methods developed for other forms of professional practice to the management discipline. It also makes a significant contribution to theoretical knowledge. It develops two theoretical models of NIE – a conceptual map and a theoretical framework – which present a way of linking NIE concepts in a meaningful way, and a structure by which NIE can be used in the analysis of highly complex organisational situations. These models clarify the complementary roles of TCE and AT, and indicate a reason why so many studies limited to TCE alone have been inconclusive. Applying NIE to the rigours of e-business management produces, in turn, a contribution to IT strategy formulation. The research makes a practical contribution by showing how NIE can be applied to e-business practice, subject to a number of significant caveats. NIE, as a descriptive theory, is shown to provide a powerful conceptual framework when combined with PAR, although both require deep knowledge and skill. In particular, adopting PAR as a case study method depends on an experienced, skilled and committed practitioner for its effective use. Finally, the research finds that NIE’s strengths as a framework for strategic analysis of large scale and complex e-business situations involving transformational change, which make it unduly sophisticated for less challenging situations, mean that NIE is suited to use by highly skilled, specialist consultants rather than by general managers.
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Hobeika, Graziella. "Analyse multiniveaux des trajectoires de changement associées aux démarches d'e-gouvernement : étude de cas de deux ministères au Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100146.
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Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’analyse de l’impact transformationnel de l’e-gouvernement dans deux ministères au Liban. Des carences bibliographiques liées à cette thématique sont constatées dans la littérature sur l’e-gouvernement, notamment dans le contexte de pays en développement. En outre, l’impact transformationnel de l’e-gouvernement, peu exploré empiriquement, suscite des débats continus entre vision optimiste et pessimiste de ce phénomène. Cela invite à mobiliser une perspective holistique pour mieux cerner la complexité de l’e-gouvernement et pour approfondir la compréhension des changements associés. Nous avons cherché à examiner l’évolution des trajectoires de changement, impulsées par ces démarches, au sein des ministères des Finances publiques et de la Santé publique au Liban sur une période historique (1992-2010), emblématique pour la modernisation du secteur public libanais par les SI. Nous avons élaboré un cadre conceptuel original qui couple la théorie néo-institutionnelle et le courant théorique de la transformation organisationnelle par les SI et qui a permis une lecture intégrale du changement qui se déploie aux niveaux macro, méso et micro dans les deux ministères. Nos résultats révèlent des trajectoires de changement différentes. Dans le même contexte institutionnel, les démarches d’e-gouvernement déployées au sein des deux ministères impulsent, dans un cas, une trajectoire de changement profond et un impact transformationnel réel, alors que dans l’autre, elles engendrent une trajectoire de changement superficiel et un impact transformationnel limité. Ces deux trajectoires de changement mettent en évidence un enchevêtrement de facteurs internes et externes, ayant une influence sur l’impact transformationnel des démarches d’e-gouvernementOur research focuses on analyzing the transformational impact of e-government at two ministries in Lebanon.The literature on e-government, particularly in the context of developing countries, is limited. Furthermore, the transformational impact of e-government has not been empirically explored, giving rise to ongoing debates between optimistic and pessimistic views of the phenomenon. This calls for the mobilization of a holistic perspective to better capture the complexity of e-government and to deepen the understanding of the changes it could trigger.We sought to examine the evolution of change trajectories, driven by e-government initiatives, within the ministry of Finance and the ministry of Public Health in Lebanon over the 1992-2010 period, which is emblematic of the modernization of the Lebanese public sector through IS.We have developed a conceptual framework that combines the neo-institutional theory with the IT-enabled organizational transformation theoretical perspective, which enabled an integral reading of the change unfolding at macro, meso and micro levels at the two ministries.Our results show different trajectories of change. Within the same institutional context, the e-government initiatives deployed at the two ministries, drive, in one case, a trajectory of profound change and a real transformational impact, while in the other, they generate a trajectory of superficial change and a limited transformational impact. These two trajectories of change highlight a tangle of internal and external factors which largely affect the transformational impact of e-government
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Shieh, Don-Liang, and 謝棟梁. "The research on Organizational Inertia and IT-enabled Business Transformation." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41761113518766920942.
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博士國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
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Dissertation Abstract Graduate Institute of Business Administration National Taiwan University Name:Don-Liang Shieh Month/Year:June,1998 Adviser:Dr. Ching-Cha Hsieh The research on Organizational Inertia and IT-enabled Business Transformation Business transformations are important means of organization to adapt to changing competitive environment.However,the rapid development and propagation of information technology has forced the organizations to take the information technology dimension into account besides conventional strategy and structure dimensions,when the organizations are embarking to transformation.Since most organizational change theories take rational adaptation perspective,but in fact organizational changes always confront different intensity of resistences and difficulties,so in this research we use inertia to represent the tendency of uneasiness of organizational change in order to understand the impact of inertia on the business transformation process and organizational adaptive capability. The qualitative research method is used in this research,we combined theory inference and case observation to develop related theories.Based on organizational change theories and organizational configuration theories,the attributes of ideal organizational change model are proposed,on the other hand we know from real case observation that the ideal model must also include inertia to be more complete.On this account we combined Henderson''s Strategic Alignment Model and inertia at the structural level,in other words this is the combination of rational adaptation model of organizational configuration and inertia,in this model the bivariate fits are replaced by the multivariate fit, and the model not only includes change procedures but also change contents,so we can expect the modified model are more realistic to provide an analytic framework to IT-enabled business transformation and better management for the planning and execution phases of the transformation. The results of case studies indicate that indeed the modified model is more powerful in explanation of the phenomena during the transformation process,especially in the choice of transformation alternatives and the adaptive capability of organization after transformation,more insights can be gained.Finally,we proposed some hypotheses to be a part of theory development efforts.
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Weng, Pu-Dong, and 翁樸棟. "IT enabled Strategic Renewal: From Design to Management Control Systems Transformation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25130649208658435849.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
100
Strategic renewal helps firm to change the scope of its business or it competitive approach. In this circumstance, strategic alignment and IT-enabled organizational transformations are emphasized in a great deal of research. However, how IT designed to facilitate management for steering an organization toward its new strategic objectives and enabling management control systems (MCS) transformations have become relevant and important, yet underexplored. To address these gaps, in studying strategic renewal, the purpose of this dissertation is to propose the concept of design fits and explores the mechanisms of design fits by using March and Smith’s four main IT artifacts: constructs, models, methods, and instantiations. Also, Simons’ MCS theory has been used as a theoretical profile to extend our understanding of how IT enables the transformation of MCSs, and, in turn, to drive strategic renewal. Through an in-depth case study of a Taiwanese telecommunications company, this dissertation proposes three mechanisms of design fit including content fit, structural fit and social fit; the IT features, and their direct effects and induced effects to the transformation of MCS are also presented in terms of an organization’s belief systems, boundary systems, diagnostic control systems, and interactive control systems. The implications for the organizational IT design of these effects to MSC in firm’s strategic renewal process are discussed.
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Hunter, Gerald. "Towards a taxonomy of methods to guide IT-enabled business transformation projects." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textBooks on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Rogers, Hiromi T. Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823858.
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The year is 1600. It is April and Japan’s iconic cherry trees are in full flower. A battered ship drifts on the tide into Usuki Bay in southern Japan. On board, barely able to stand, are twenty-three Dutchmen and one Englishman, the remnants of a fleet of five ships and 500 men that had set out from Rotterdam in 1598. The Englishman was William Adams, later to be known as Anjin Miura by the Japanese, whose subsequent transformation from wretched prisoner to one of the Shogun’s closest advisers is the centrepiece of this book. As a native of Japan, and a scholar of seventeenth-century Japanese history, the author delves deep into the cultural context facing Adams in what is one of the great examples of assimilation into the highest reaches of a foreign culture. Her access to Japanese sources, including contemporary accounts – some not previously seen by Western scholars researching the subject – offers us a fuller understanding of the life lived by William Adams as a high-ranking samurai and his grandstand view of the collision of cultures that led to Japan’s self-imposed isolation, lasting over two centuries. This is a highly readable account of Adams’ voyage to and twenty years in Japan and that is supported by detailed observations of Japanese culture and society at this time. New light is shed on Adams’ relations with the Dutch and his countrymen, including the disastrous relationship with Captain John Saris, the key role likely to have been played by the munitions, including cannon, removed from Adams’ ship De Liefde in the great battle of Sekigahara (September 1600), the shipbuilding skills that enabled Japan to advance its international maritime ambitions, as well as the scientific and technical support Adams was able to provide in the refining process of Japan’s gold and silver.
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Guthrie-Shimizu, Sayuri. Diffusion and Transformation of Western Sports in North Asia. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.24.
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This chapter tracks the diffusion of Western-style athletic culture in Japan and Korea since the late nineteenth century. It argues that modern teach sport was introduced to Japan and Korea by British and American educators and Christian missionaries. Many Western team sports were introduced to North Asia by the YMCA. Japan sought excellence in Olympic sports before World War II as evidence of its modernity. Sport served in Korea as a mechanism for expressing anticolonial nationalism. After World War II, economic growth enabled both nations to allocate more resources to excellence in elite sport. Hosting the Asian Games and the Olympics were considered by both Japan and Korea as a stepping-stone to achieving first-class nation status and international recognition.
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Khoo, Olivia. Asian Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474461764.001.0001.
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Asia’s film industries have undergone significant transformation in the last 30 years. From bilateral co-production agreements to pan-Asian financing, Asian cinema has assumed a regional identity beyond its constituent national cinemas. This book examines the dynamic industrial and cultural developments that have enabled greater co-operation and integration between Asia’s film industries. It brings a much-needed focus on how collaborative Asian film industries are affecting models of financing, distribution, exhibition and reception in the region and beyond.
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Lane, Jeffrey. Street Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381265.003.0006.
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This final chapter returns to the core argument given the fieldwork presented. It is made clear from the case of the digital street that the experience of an urban neighborhood gets filtered through social media. The chapter reviews the transformation of street life in Harlem during the study period based on the different ways that youth, adults, police, and other neighborhood actors used the digital street in relation to each other. The author remarks on the localization of the Internet from the fact that online space enabled residents to rework and control matters in neighborhood space. The chapter ends with key lessons for a service-oriented approach to youth on the street that utilizes the increased visibility and productive aspects of social media use.
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Prestel, Joseph Ben. What is Love? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797562.003.0002.
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After the middle of the nineteenth century, city clerks, social reformers, and journalists began to reflect about the effects of Berlin’s dynamic transformation. This chapter focuses on an influential strand of this literature in which authors claimed that the spread of new activities, such as visits to dance halls or seeking marriage through personal ads, resulted in the decline of people’s “feeling of morality” (sittliches Gefühl). The chapter demonstrates that it was important for contemporary authors to draw on the concept of feeling rather than other concepts of morality, as this enabled them to respond to the rising authority of the natural sciences. Since a number of observers described a feeling of morality as an important element that tied Berliners together as a community, its loss raised concern about the effects of urban change on the bodies and minds of the city’s inhabitants.
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Valiyev, Anar. Baku. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0011.
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Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Baku has undergone a tremendous transformation. In this context, demographic trends for the last decade have been quite favourable toward the development of Baku, with a constant increase in population due to the high net-in migration from the rural areas of Azerbaijan. Consequently, it is not surprising that Baku exerts a disproportionately significant influence on the national economy. The city continues to be the leading recipient of investment, most of which is funneled into the construction industry. The post-Soviet transition toward a market economy has enabled Baku to make tremendous progress in urban development and to become one of the fastest growing cities in the region. This chapter looks at the development pattern of Baku, and its attempts to emulate Gulf cities. It will try to answer the question of whether Baku will be able to copy the pattern of the “Pearl of UAE” successfully, or if it will fail because of indigenous and exogenous factors.
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Denecke, Wiebke. Early Sino-Japanese Literature. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.35.
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Sino-Japanese literature stands out among the Chinese-style literatures of East Asia for the wealth of texts preserved from the early period, its complex symbiosis with a flourishing vernacular tradition, and its pervasive reliance on gloss-reading techniques of Chinese texts (kundoku). These techniques allowed the transformation of Chinese texts into Japanese sound, syntax, and morphology and enabled a distinctive linguistic and creative distance from continental literary production. This chapter surveys the literary culture and production of Early Japan (Asuka, Nara and Heian Periods, seventh through twelfth centuries). After introducing the debates about the varied nomenclature of the corpus of “Sino-Japanese Literature” (kanbun; also called Japanese Literature in Chinese), it sketches the contexts of the emergence of Sino-Japanese textual culture and literature in Japan and gives an overview of major texts in their cultural context. It concludes with reflections on what students of China can learn from Sino-Japanese Literature.
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Parrington, John. Mind Shift. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801634.001.0001.
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This book draws on the latest research on the human brain to show how it differs strikingly from those of other animals in its structure and function at molecular and cellular level. It argues that this ‘shift’, enlarging the brain, giving it greater flexibility and enabling higher functions such as imagination, was driven by tool use, but especially by the development of one remarkable tool—language. The complex social interaction brought by language opened up the possibility of shared conceptual worlds, enriched with rhythmic sounds and images that could be drawn on cave walls. This transformation enabled modern humans to generate an exceptional human consciousness, a sense of self that arises as a product of our brain biology and the social interactions we experience. Linking early work by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky to the findings of modern neuroscience, the book also explores how language, culture, and society mediate brain function, and what this view of the human mind may bring to our understanding and treatment of mental illness.
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Songster, E. Elena. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199393671.003.0010.
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The panda did not become an official symbol of the PRC in a debate over worthy animal emblems, but emerged as a representation of China in various contexts by fulfilling specific needs of the nation. The giant panda became broadly relevant to human society when it was deemed a scientifically interesting animal. International research on pandas has probed most every aspect of the animal’s being. The Chinese government’s persistent endorsement of wide-ranging scientific work on the giant panda over the course of PRC history reflects the tremendous value the Chinese state has placed on the panda as an animal. What is most striking about the giant panda historically is not its curiosity as an oddity in the animal kingdom, but that it stands apart as a cute national symbol. Unlike the more commonly majestic and intimidating choices of eagle or lion, the panda elicits affection. The panda’s gentle allure has been central to its transformation into a powerful political tool. The traits that inspire anthropomorphism have enabled the panda to hold a special position as a diplomat, not only between China and the rest of the world, but also between the human and animal world.
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Uyar, Mesut, and Edward J. Erickson. A Military History of the Ottomans. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400685859.
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The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar, is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European interpretations, of events. As the world’s dominant military machine from 1300 to the mid-1700’s, the Ottoman Army led the way in military institutions, organizational structures, technology, and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through 1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in military affairs as well as several transformations which enabled it to compete on favorable terms with the best of armies of the day. This study tracks the growth of the Ottoman Army as a professional institution from the perspective of the Ottomans themselves, by using previously untapped Ottoman source materials. Additionally, the impact of important commanders and the role of politics, as these affected the army, are examined. The study concludes with the Ottoman legacy and its effect on the Republic and modern Turkish Army. This is a study survey that combines an introductory view of this subject with fresh and original reference-level information. Divided into distinct periods, Uyar and Erickson open with a brief overview of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and the military systems that shaped the early military patterns. The Ottoman army emerged forcefully in 1453 during the siege of Constantinople and became a dominant social and political force for nearly two hundred years following Mehmed’s capture of the city. When the army began to show signs of decay during the mid-seventeenth century, successive Sultans actively sought to transform the institution that protected their power. The reforms and transformations that began frist in 1606successfully preserved the army until the outbreak of the Ottoman-Russian War in 1876. Though the war was brief, its impact was enormous as nationalistic and republican strains placed increasing pressure on the Sultan and his army until, finally, in 1918, those strains proved too great to overcome. By 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged as the leader of a unified national state ruled by a new National Parliament. As Uyar and Erickson demonstrate, the old army of the Sultan had become the army of the Republic, symbolizing the transformation of a dying empire to the new Turkish state make clear that throughout much of its existence, the Ottoman Army was an effective fighting force with professional military institutions and organizational structures.
Book chapters on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Sethi, Rajender, Yogesh Kumar Singh, Saba Akhtar, and Mohd Anwar Khan. "Transforming the Indian Education System through IT-Enabled Services." In Citizen Empowerment through Digital Transformation in Government, 85–106. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003111351-5.
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Hines, Erisa K., and Jayakanth Srinivasan. "IT Enabled Enterprise Transformation: Perspectives Using Product Data Management." In Advances in Information Systems Development, 963–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36402-5_82.
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Hossain, Monzur. "IT and IT Enabled Service (ITeS) Sector in Bangladesh: Current Status and Future Potentials." In Digital Transformation and Economic Development in Bangladesh, 83–104. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2753-9_5.
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Zavolokina, Liudmila, Mateusz Dolata, and Gerhard Schwabe. "FinTech Transformation: How IT-Enabled Innovations Shape the Financial Sector." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 75–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52764-2_6.
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Urbanski, Jürgen. "IT at a Crossroads: Driving the Transformation of IT Services Production Towards Cloud-Enabled Business Outcomes." In IT-Outsourcing, 39–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31462-9_3.
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Mathur, Dhrupad. "Business Process Transformation Grid: An Empirical Model for Strategic Decision Making Towards IT Enabled Transformations." In Business Information Systems Workshops, 62–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03424-4_8.
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Anderson, Colin Ray, Janneke Bruil, M. Jahi Chappell, Csilla Kiss, and Michel Patrick Pimbert. "Power, Governance and Agroecology Transformations." In Agroecology Now!, 153–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61315-0_10.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we focus on issues of power, control and governance in agroecology transformations. Synthesizing the findings across the six domains of transformation introduced in Part II, we explore how the different ‘governance interventions’ of different actors have multiple effects on a transformative agroecology. Interventions that undermine agroecology have two effects: (i) suppressing agroecology by actively repressing and criminalizing it and (ii) co-opting agroecology by supporting it only to become equivalent to the dominant regime. Interventions that maintain the status quo enable co-existence by (iii) containing agroecology as elements of the dominant regime are strengthened and alternatives ignored and (iv) shielding agroecology from regime dynamics so it is less threatened. In contrast, agroecological transformation of agri-food systems are enabled by (v) processes that support and nurture agroecology to develop on its own terms and (vi) release agroecology from its disabling context by dismantling elements of the dominant regime and anchoring the values, norms and practices of agroecology within and between territories, and at different scales.
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Trocin, Cristina, Jan Gunnar Skogås, Thomas Langø, and Gabriel Hanssen Kiss. "Operating Room of the Future (FOR) Digital Healthcare Transformation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence." In Digital Transformation in Norwegian Enterprises, 151–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05276-7_9.
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AbstractNew technologies are emerging under the umbrella of digital transformation in healthcare such as artificial intelligence (AI) and medical analytics to provide insights beyond the abilities of human experts. Because AI is increasingly used to support doctors in decision-making, pattern recognition, and risk assessment, it will most likely transform healthcare services and the way doctors deliver those services. However, little is known about what triggers such transformation and how the European Union (EU) and Norway launch new initiatives to foster the development of such technologies. We present the case of Operating Room of the Future (FOR), a research infrastructure and an integrated university clinic which investigates most modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) to support the analysis of medical images. Practitioners can benefit from strategies related to AI development in multiple health fields to best combine medical expertise with AI-enabled computational rationality.
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Ahmed, Hassan M., Souhail Maraoui, Bessam Abdulrazak, Benoît Cossette, and F. Guillaume Blanchet. "Drug Intervention Follow up with Internet of Things: A Case Study." In Digital Health Transformation, Smart Ageing, and Managing Disability, 65–75. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43950-6_6.
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AbstractAdvancements on the Internet of Things (IoT) have enabled the development of advanced monitoring systems that can track human behavior and vital signs in real-time, which can have a real impact in the way healthcare is provided. This paper presents a system implementation to monitor and analyze a subject's behavior changes over time using IoT, with the objective of detecting the impact of an inhibitor drug on the subject's activity levels. In this research we present a case study by which we showed it is possible to follow the effect of an anticholinergic drug by means of an unobtrusive IoT system. We have monitored the physical activity of a subject in his residence for seven consecutive months to study the effect of the inhibiting drug doses introduced at three known specific timestamps. Following, we compared our detection results for the subject’s physical activity change timestamps with the medical staff medication doses timestamps. Our results show that we can detect the physical activity change at close timestamps compared to those indicated by the medical staff.
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Grosseck, Gabriela, Laura Maliţa, and Mădălin Bunoiu. "Higher Education Institutions Towards Digital Transformation—The WUT Case." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 565–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_35.
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Abstract New emerging digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, cloud computing, blockchain, robotization, the Internet of Things, big data, etc. have produced a powerful disruptive effect in almost all areas of our existence and have radically changed the way we live, work, learn or relax. Without consciously realizing it, everyone is adapting to the digital era. As nothing “escapes” the all-encompassing digital transformation, higher education follows track too. So, it is natural to ask ourselves: what are the higher education institutions doing to keep up with this rapidly evolving digital world? In this paper, we present the case of West University of Timişoara as an example of good practice in dealing with the effects of digital transformation on the university and its academic community (teachers, students, administrative staff). Our goal is to gain an understanding of what is being proposed through the institutional development strategy, and what is actually happening in our university from the digitalization perspective. Thus, we conduct an exploratory research using a quantitative approach that involves a survey applied to students enrolled in different study programs, at different levels. We focus on their opinion about how our university can prepare and transform in order to adopt an integrated digital approach, looking into topics like: technology-enabled services, digital enrollment of students, digitization of the administrative processes, implementation of digital procedures to offer recommendations or file complains, digital curricula, new modes of digital learning delivery, etc. Our findings reveal that West University of Timişoara must take significant steps towards the implementation of digital transformations, while, however, remaining watchful and cautious of the hidden implications of this process.
Conference papers on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Khan, Abdul Zahid, and Rahat H. Bokhari. "IT Enabled Organizational Transformation." In the 2018 10th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3285957.3285994.
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Yun, Oh Jung. "IT-Enabled Business Transformation - Insights from Japanese Used-Car Industry." In 2009 Third International Conference on Digital Society (ICDS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icds.2009.47.
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Larsen, M. H., and R. Klischewski. "Process ownership challenges in IT-enabled transformation of interorganizational business processes." In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265612.
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Kumuduni, W. Y., K. P. B. Karunarathna, N. B. Sugathadasa, G. O. Abeysooriya, S. P. D. Sewwandi, L. K. R. D. Kulawardena, S. M. D. Janith Dayaratne, T. G. U. P. Perera, S. R. P. Indrakeerthi, and Akila De Zoysa. "Sri Lanka Export Development Board: Navigating Challenges through Digital Transformation." In 20th International Conference on Business Management - 2024. ICBM 2024 and Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fmsc/icbm24/csb.01.c03.
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Digital transformation is crucial for organizations to effectively navigate environmental challenges by enhancing agility and adaptability. It allows streamlined processes, improve access to data (real time or otherwise), and innovative solutions, enabling quick responses to dynamic conditions, ensuring sustained relevance and resilience in a rapidly changing business landscape. This chapter presents the case of the Export Development Board (EDB) of Sri Lanka, illustrating how digital transformations have helped them navigate the challenges posed by various issues during 2019 and beyond. Examining the period from 2019 to 2023, it elucidates how digital platforms enabled the EDB to navigate significant challenges in the export sector, especially during its upheavals of 2020. The study delves into the efficacy of these measures, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the EDB's forward-looking digital strategies. Readers can glean insights into the practical applications of digital transformation in crisis management, the resilience it affords to organizations, and the strategic planning needed for future challenges in the global business landscape. The case study also highlights how uncertainty served as an opportunity for the EDB to establish both its role and function, as well as to undergo digital transformation in its work processes.
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Schellhammer, Stefan, and Stefan Klein. "Walking a Tightrope: Managing Paradoxes and Tensions between Care Taking and Efficiency during IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation in a Hospital Group." In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2013.602.
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"Industry 4.0 Analytics: Strategies for Transformation and Growth." In International Conference on Cutting-Edge Developments in Engineering Technology and Science. ICCDETS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62919/hguo7589.
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Industry 4.0 represents the digital transformation of industrial markets, necessitating an information-rich, connected environment. This transformation relies not only on people, processes, services, and systems but also significantly on IoT-enabled industrial assets and data. Presently, these elements often operate in isolated, closed environments. The concept of the fourth industrial revolution emphasizes the development of a digital thread to produce actionable information and foster ecosystems of industrial innovation and collaboration. This paper explores the domains where significant industrial data is generated and the diverse, meaningful insights that can be derived from it. Additionally, it details the step-by-step evolution of Industry 4.0, discussing various Big Data Analytics tools and the benefits of these analytics.
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Carturan, Sara B. O. G., Elaine Rezende, and Denise H. Goya. "Digital Transformation Strategy providing drivers, prioritization, and an assertive planning: an Experience Report of a Business Conglomerate." In Congresso Brasileiro de Software: Teoria e Prática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cbsoft_estendido.2022.226267.
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During the development of a Digital Transformation (DT) Strategic Plan, it should be considered Business drivers, management models, recognized IT methodologies, IT processes and technical/business dimensions. However, human value is so important as the plan because behavioral issues and conflicts of interest could limit or destroy the plan. This paper also discusses project phases and what were the main points emerged. The project enabled discussions and the engagement of IT leaders, respecting points of view and defining priority actions that were materialized in initiatives in DT Strategic Plan. In addition, it was necessary to re-design IT organizational structure with roles and responsibilities to support DT Strategic Plan.
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Contissa, Giuseppe, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Przemyslaw Palka, Giovanni Sartor, and Paolo Torroni. "Towards Consumer-Empowering Artificial Intelligence." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/714.
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Artificial Intelligence and Law is undergoing a critical transformation. Traditionally focused on the development of expert systems and on a scholarly effort to develop theories and methods for knowledge representation and reasoning in the legal domain, this discipline is now adapting to a sudden change of scenery. No longer confined to the walls of academia, it has welcomed new actors, such as businesses and companies, who are willing to play a major role and seize new opportunities offered by the same transformational impact that recent AI breakthroughs are having on many other areas. As it happens, commercial interests create new opportunities but they also represent a potential threat to consumers, as the balance of power seems increasingly determined by the availability of data. We believe that while this transformation is still in progress, time is ripe for the next frontier of this field of study, where a new shift of balance may be enabled by tools and services that can be of service not only to businesses but also to consumers and, more generally, the civil society. We call that frontier consumer-empowering AI.
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Agbaji, Armstrong Lee. "Leadership and Managerial Decision-Making in an AI-Enabled Oil and Gas Industry." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207613-ms.
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Abstract The Age of AI is defining a new set of challenges for leaders and the integration of digitalization and analytics into management decision-making is now a strategic priority for the oil industry. The fundamental challenge currently confronting the industry is to find leaders who can lead in the digital age. As the industry grapples with the AI revolution, pressure is mounting on leaders to react swiftly to the disruption that comes in its wake. Leadership and management methodologies currently employed by most organizations will not suffice in the digital age because leadership in this new age requires a different set of skills and organizational alignment. Yet, many organizations continue to struggle to put leaders in place with the knowledge and expertise to take on the challenges of leading in an AI-enabled world. This paper addresses the challenges and responsibilities that the AI revolution presents to oil industry leaders and provides practical insights to confront them. It details the concept of ambidexterity and why it is difficult for oil industry managers to achieve. It also outlines what it takes to implement an ambidextrous strategy in the industry and presents a framework for leaders as they drive transformation and explore strategies that will shape the industry's transition to net-zero energy. With social media now shaping business decision-making, the paper also discusses its impact and presents a unique approach for leadership to be strategically positioned to reconfigure their organizations to ensure they survive and thrive in the social age. Artificial Intelligence in the oil industry is not just about managing operations and reducing operating cost. It is also about developing a completely new way of doing business. Leadership in the digital age will be held accountable to a different standard. They would not only be judged by their ability to drive strategy and deliver financial results; they would also be judged on their ability to leverage AI resources and drive deep analytics mindset across their organization, while dealing with energy transition and social media. The workforce of the future will be dominated by technologically sophisticated people connected to multiple platforms. Managing this workforce will require a new kind of managerial wisdom. The big gains from digital transformation will not be realized unless industry executives rethink the criteria with which leadership and management success is judged. Becoming a transformational digital leader requires the ability to define a strategic vision for transformation, understand the promise and peril of social media, cultivate employees to succeed with AI, and use AI responsibly. The future belongs to leaders with these abilities and capabilities.
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Khakpour Nejadkhaki, Hamid, and John F. Hall. "Variable Twist Blade Transformation to Improve Wind Turbine Performance." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88433.
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A concept for an innovative wind turbine blade with an actively transformable twist distribution is presented. A simulation model demonstrates that adapting the blade twist distribution can increase the aerodynamic efficiency during partial-load operation. A blade concept consisting of a rigid spar that is surrounded by deformable modular shells is also proposed. The outer shells are assumed to be produced using additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Integrated features enabled by the AM process tune the stiffness, and thus the degree of flexibility for each surrounding segment. The unique local stiffness and the placement of actuators establishes a nonlinear twist angle distribution (TAD). An optimal design procedure is devised for setting the stiffness and actuator locations. It maximizes the aerodynamic efficiency for a discrete range of wind speed. The blade performance is quantified using data acquired from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Aerodyn software. A computer cluster is used to facilitate this process. It must consider the TAD for the range of wind speed that corresponds to the partial-load operation. The design procedure first establishes the TAD geometry based on the theoretical aerodynamic modeling. The TAD geometry is then passed to a mechanical design algorithm. At this point, the actuator positions are set, and the stiffness ratios of the adaptable shells are defined using the objective function. It minimizes the amount of deviation between the actual TAD and that found in the aerodynamic analysis. The free-shape TAD is determined in the final step. This is the shape of the blade when no actuation force is applied to the shells. This shape is then selected to minimize the amount of deflection needed to shape the TAD between its extreme positions. A case study demonstrates the ability of the blade and the proposed design process. The study indicates that a blade with five actuators can achieve the full range of TAD motion. The final solution shows that the adaptive TAD can increase the efficiency by 3.8 and 3.3%, respectively, at the cut-in and rated speeds.
Reports on the topic "IT-enabled transformation"
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Environmental Challenges of Digital Transformation in Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.107.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature on the environmental risks of four different aspects of digital transformation in developing countries: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. The overall message which runs throughout the diverse literatures and results is that it is not digital technologies that create environmental risks or opportunities, but how they are used. Efficiency gains derived from digital transformation may yet lead developing countries down existing unsustainable development paths if not accompanied by careful, context-dependent policy. For policy-makers seeking to mitigate environmental risks, this means putting the context of digital use at the centre of analysis rather than the technologies themselves. However, the research literature covers more specific aspects of digital transformation. In practice, this report defines digital transformation as: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. These topics were chosen after an initial scoping review of available literature, and because they exemplify a range of the different types of potential digital effects. The literature on the environmental risks of digital transformation is huge and conflicting. This is problematic because it could be easy to cherry pick preferred research results. Several studies noted that there is less research on developing countries than developed countries, but the evidence base is still large. As an evidence review, this report focused on the academic literature, but there is also a large grey literature. Some of the literature has a gender aspect, not covered in this report.
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Kuenzel, Matthias, and Ernst Andreas Hartmann, eds. Digital Readiness Assessment. Asian Productivity Organization, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/kejt6281.
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Digital transformation is not a luxury, but a necessity. It is also an essential part of business survival. As such, it is crucial for SMEs to identify the steps needed to have a digitally enabled business environment, and to be digitally ready to survive and thrive in the rapidly changing marketplace. The handbook provides useful guide in strategizing and implementing Industry 4.0 digital approaches for SMEs to remain ahead of the game.
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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.
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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.
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Gera, Abed, Abed Watad, P. Ueng, Hei-Ti Hsu, Kathryn Kamo, Peter Ueng, and A. Lipsky. Genetic Transformation of Flowering Bulb Crops for Virus Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575293.bard.
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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to establish an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily and gladiolus using either biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants containing pathogen-derived genes for virus resistance were to be developed and then tested for virus resistance. The proposal was originally aimed at studying cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance in plants, but studies later included bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Monoclonal antibodies were to be tested to determine their effectiveness in interning with virus infection and vector (aphid) transmission. Those antibodies that effectively interfered with virus infection and transmission were to be cloned as single chain fragments and used for developing transgenic plants with the potential to resist virus infection. Background to the topic. Many flower crops, as lily and gladiolus are propagated vegetatively through bulbs and corms, resulting in virus transmission to the next planting generation. Molecular genetics offers the opportunity of conferring transgene-mediated disease resistance to flower crops that cannot be achieved through classical breeding. CMV infects numerous plant species worldwide including both lilies and gladioli. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. Results from these for future development of collaborative studies have demonstrated the potential transgenic floral bulb crops for virus resistance. In Israel, an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily using biolistics was developed. Transient as well as solid expression of GUS reporter gene was demonstrated. Putative transgenic lily plantlets containing the disabled CMV replicase transgene have been developed. The in vitro ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CMV to neutralize virus infectivity and block virus transmission by M. persicae were demonstrated. In the US, transgenic Gladiolus plants containing either the BYMV coat protein or antisense coat protein genes have been developed and some lines were found to be virus resistant. Long-term expression of the GUS reporter gene demonstrated that transgene silencing did not occur after three seasons of dormancy in the 28 transgenic Gladiolus plants tested. Selected monoclonal antibody lines have been isolated, cloned as single chain fragments and are being used in developing transgenic plants with CMV resistance. Ornamental crops are multi-million dollar industries in both Israel and the US. The increasing economic value of these floral crops and the increasing ban numerous pesticides makes it more important than ever that alternatives to chemical control of pathogens be studied to determine their possible role in the future. The cooperation resulted in the objectives being promoted at national and international meetings. The cooperation also enabled the technology transfer between the two labs, as well as access to instrumentation and specialization particular to the two labs.
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Ferguson, Thomas, and Servaas Storm. Trump versus Biden: The Macroeconomics of the Second Coming. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp221.
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The wafer-thin poll margins separating President Joe Biden and Donald Trump have surprised and baffled many analysts. This paper attempts no analysis of the election itself. It focuses instead on a clinical assessment of its macroeconomic context. Building on previous work, this paper looks first at inflation’s overall effect on real wages and salaries. It then considers claims advanced by Autor, Dube and McGrew (2023) and others about wages of the lowest paid workers. Real wages for most American workers have declined substantially under inflation. We observe no sign of a radical transformation of the U.S. labor market in favor of the lowest-paid workers. The (modest) increase in real hourly wages of the bottom 10% of U.S. workers during 2021-2023 owed little to any policy change or declining monopsony power: It was a unique case of wages rising to subsistence levels as COVID exponentially multiplied risks of working at what had previously been relatively safe jobs at the bottom of the wage distribution. The paper then analyzes inflation’s persistence in the face of substantial increases in interest rates. We document the wealth gains made by the richest 10% of U.S. households during 2020-2023. These wealth gains, which have no peacetime precedents, enabled the richest American households to step up consumption, even when their real incomes were falling. Empirically plausible estimations of the wealth effect on the consumption of the super-rich show that the wealth effect can account for all of the increase in aggregate consumption spending above its longer-term trend during 2021Q1-2023Q4. Importantly, the lopsided inequality in wealth makes controlling lopsided consumption spending by raising interest rates much harder for the Federal Reserve, without interest rate increases that would bring the rest of the economy to its knees much earlier. We also show that the persistence of inflation in several key service sectors is heavily influenced by captive regulators – a condition that higher interest rates cannot remedy.
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Guerra, Flávia, Gabriela Merlinsky, Jorgelina Hardoy, Daniel Kozak, Michael Roll, Tobías Melina, and Pablo Pereira. TUC City Profile: Buenos Aires, Argentina. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/sbph3038.
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While it is the jurisdiction with the highest per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Argentina, there are historically marked differences in socioeconomic levels and socio-environmental conditions between the north and the south of the city of Buenos Aires. The effects of climate change are intertwined with those of economic globalization, a process of “double exposure” that disproportionately affects particular social groups and areas in the city. Slums and informal settlements in Buenos Aires are growing in size. Most face significant resource and infrastructure deficits, as well as high flood risk, and are thus highly vulnerable to the effects of a changing climate. Tackling climate change in Buenos Aires requires integrated adaptation and mitigation approaches that put the most vulnerable at the centre. The ongoing socio-urban integration processes in informal settlements represent opportunities to rethink and territorialize climate action from an integrated habitat perspective. Since the early 2000s, Buenos Aires has built a robust track record of climate policy, including a climate change law and three Climate Action Plans (PACs). The city has also long been a hotbed for social movements, with a recent resurgence of “the right to the city,” defined as the right of urban dwellers to build, decide and create the city. This provides fertile ground for climate justice narratives and transformative climate action to take root. More than half of the city’s GHG emissions come from the consumption of grid electricity and fuels in buildings, mostly natural gas. Multilevel and intersectoral articulation of public policies are key to advance the climate agenda at the city level, particularly in light of limited urban authority over the electricity sector. Sustainability transformations in Buenos Aires could also be enabled by strengthening the existing capacity development efforts of particular local actors to raise climate awareness; connecting and amplifying emerging community-led initiatives that showcase transformative climate action; and clarifying financial flows as a way to stimulate climate financing.
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Bianchi, Matias, Florencia Coda, Jennifer Cyr, Ian Heffernan, and Jessica Meeker. Effective Governance Responses to Crises: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.011.
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In times of crisis, decision-making becomes paramount, yet it is often influenced by two distinct behavioural patterns: analysis paralysis and risk aversion. Drawing a parallel between the studies presented in this brief, it is possible to discern the interplay of analysis paralysis and risk aversion within institutional responses to crises. The research from the African School of Economics (ASE) examines the phenomenon of analysis paralysis within the context of democratic institutions. It highlights the correlation between democratic rights and long-term economic prosperity while cautioning against the negative consequences of reversing these rights. The study delves into potential mechanisms contributing to the deterioration of democratic institutions during crises, including limited collective action and the acceptance of repressive policies. By analysing survey results from Benin, Burkina Faso, and South Africa, the research uncovers varying degrees of acceptance of perceived repressive policies and willingness to protest, shedding light on the vulnerability of democratic institutions when faced with analysis paralysis. These findings underscore the importance of addressing decision-making bottlenecks, encouraging timely action, and fostering an environment where collective action is possible. Contrasting this, the research from Colabora.Lat focuses on the impact of risk aversion in institutional responses to the pandemic. The findings emphasise the importance of collaboration, highlighting how governments and various actors working together can effectively address the multifaceted challenges posed by crises. Through the lens of risk aversion, the study explores how collaboration enabled governments to combine resources, knowledge, and experiences to produce unified messages and mitigate the worst health impacts. It showcases the successes observed in countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico, where collaborative governance fostered effective policy outcomes, including lower mortality rates. By combining the insights from these texts, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by institutions during times of crisis. Acknowledging the potential pitfalls of analysis paralysis and the transformative potential of collaborative responses, policymakers and decision makers can navigate crises with more agility, ensuring the preservation of democratic institutions and mechanisms while effectively addressing the health and socioeconomic impacts of crises.