Journal articles: 'It is likely that S'

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&NA;. "Talipexole likely to be useful for Parkinson??s." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 887 (1993): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308870-00034.

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JANCIN, BRUCE. "S. aureus Skin Infections Likely to Be PVL Positive." Skin & Allergy News 41, no. 6 (2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(10)70148-0.

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Ikeda, Kenichiro, Toshikazu Shimane, Manabu Kitano, et al. "Gastrointestinal-related Serious Adverse Events Likely Associated with S-1." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 109, no. 9 (2016): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.109.657.

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Ikeda, Kenichiro, Toshikazu Shimane, Manabu Kitano, et al. "Gastrointestinal-related Serious Adverse Events Likely Associated with S-1." Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl. 148 (2017): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirinsuppl.148.76.

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Robinson, Andre A., Samantha Feder, Sushma Krishna, and Lois Brustman. "Likely Vertical Transmission of Neonatal SARS CoV-2 Infection." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 14, no. 01 (2024): e62-e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779030.

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AbstractMaternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can affect placental function, but the possibility of intrauterine transmission has been debated. Several authors have published inclusion criteria for vertical transmission, but few reports exist that are able to meet the suggested requirements. Despite the fact that the majority of fetuses born to infected mothers do well, others become critically ill. We present a case of likely intrauterine transmission of a neonate born to a mother who was recently symptomatic with a positive SARS CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The parturient complained of decreased fetal movement and presented at 312/7 weeks' gestation with a biophysical profile score of 2/10 and required an emergency cesarean delivery. The neonate went on to develop severe leukopenia with signs of sepsis with a positive SARS CoV-2 PCR on day 4 of life and an otherwise pan-negative workup. Meeting criteria for transplacental transmission requires timely collection of several diagnostic studies that are not standard of care. Further research is needed to support the notion that intrauterine/transplacental infection is possible. Collection swabs should be obtained soon after delivery to help diagnose neonatal infection because early diagnosis is crucial to help identify opportunities for intervention.

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Campbell, W. Joseph. "Not Likely Sent: The Remington-Hearst “Telegrams”." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, no. 2 (2000): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700212.

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This article challenges as improbable one of American journalism's best-known anecdotes, the purported telegraphic exchange in 1897 between Frederic S. Remington and William Randolph Hearst in which Hearst supposedly vowed, “I'll furnish the war.” The article discusses several reasons why it is exceedingly unlikely the exchange ever took place, including: The supposed reply is at odds with the editorial stance of Hearst's New York Journal in early 1897, and the account is not supported by the contemporaneous record of Remington's assignment to Cuba, from where he is said to have initiated the often-quoted exchange with Hearst.

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Zhimulev, E. I., V. M. Sonin, V. P. Afanasiev, A. I. Chepurov, and N. P. Pokhilenko. "Fe–S melt as a likely solvent of diamond under mantle conditions." Doklady Earth Sciences 471, no. 2 (2016): 1277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x16120163.

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Zhong, Zhen, Jianguo Yan, Shiguo Chen, Lu Liu, Marco Fenucci, and Qilin Wen. "The Likely Thermal Evolution of the Irregularly Shaped S-Type Astraea Asteroid." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (2022): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246320.

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The thermal evolution of asteroids provides information on the thermal processes of the protoplanetary disk. Since irregular bodies have a large surface subject to fast heat loss, we used the finite element method (FEM) to explore the likely thermal pathways of one of these bodies. To test our FEM approach, we compared the FEM to another algorithm, the finite difference method (FDM). The results show that the two methods calculated a similar temperature magnitude at the same evolutionary time, especially at the stage when the models had temperatures around 800 K. Furthermore, this investigation revealed a slight difference between the methods that commences with a declining temperature, particularly around the center of the model. The difference is associated with the tiny thickness of the boundary used in the FDM, whereas the FEM does not consider the thickness of the boundary due to its self-adapting grid. Using the shape data provided by DAMIT, we further explored the likely thermal evolution pathway of the S-type asteroid Astraea by considering the radionuclide 26Al. Since we only focused on the thermal pathways of conduction, we considered that the accretion lasts 2.5 Ma (1 Ma = 1,000,000 years) by assuming that Astraea has not experienced iron melting. The results show a high interior temperature area with a shape similar to the shape of Astraea, indicating the influence of the irregular shape on thermal evolution. The interior of Astraea achieved the highest temperature after 4.925 Ma from the accretion of planetesimals. After that time of high temperature, Astraea gradually cooled and existed more than 50 Ma before its heat balanced approximately to its external space. We did not find signs of apparent fast cooling along the shortest z-axis as in previous studies, which could be due to the hidden differences in the distances along the axes. The methodology developed in this paper performs effectively and can be applied to study the thermal pathways of other asteroids with irregular shapes.

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GATHERAL, JIM, and TAI-HO WANG. "THE HEAT-KERNEL MOST-LIKELY-PATH APPROXIMATION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 15, no. 01 (2012): 1250001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021902491250001x.

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In this article, we derive a new most-likely-path (MLP) approximation for implied volatility in terms of local volatility, based on time-integration of the lowest order term in the heat-kernel expansion. This new approximation formula turns out to be a natural extension of the well-known formula of Berestycki, Busca and Florent. Various other MLP approximations have been suggested in the literature involving different choices of most-likely-path; our work fixes a natural definition of the most-likely-path. We confirm the improved performance of our new approximation relative to existing approximations in an explicit computation using a realistic S&P500 local volatility function.

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Nam-Kil, Kang. "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Four Modality Types." Journal of Information Sciences and Computing Technologies 3, no. 3 (2015): 249–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968778.

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The ultimate goal of this article is to provide a frequency analysis of four modality types within the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the British National Corpus (BNC) and to reveal how these four types show differences in the accessibility of the speaker or writer. The COCA and the BNC clearly indicate that "it is possible that S" is the most preferred among the four types in America, whereas "it is likely that S" is the most frequently used type in the U.K. These results lead to the hypothesis that American people prefer using a modality type with the weakest certainty, whereas British people prefer using that with stronger certainty. With respect to the types "it is certain that S" and "it is probable that S", on the other hand, it is important to note that they have a lower functional load than the other types, which leads to the hypothesis that they are currently not preferred by both American people and British people because they are modality types with strong certainty, which American people and British people tend to avoid. A further point to note is that Korean learners of English do not support the hypothesis that native English speakers (American people) prefer using a modality type with the weakest certainty but do entertain the hypothesis that native English speakers (British people) prefer a modality type with stronger certainty to that with the weakest certainty. More specifically, they exhibited a strong preference not towards "it is certain that S", "it is probable that S", and "it is possible that S" but towards "it is likely that S". These results thus provide confirmation that "it is possible that S" is the most accessible type for American people, whereas "it is likely that S" is the most accessible one for British people and Korean learners of English. Additionally, it is worth noting that the fact that the modality types with strong certainty are not preferred by American people, British people, and Korean learners of English may reflect Universal Grammar (Chomsky 2013) and the degree of markedness.

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TAKEYAMA, HIROSHI, and YOSHINOBU MANOME. "Breast Cancers Secreting Sialyl-fibronectin Are Less Likely to Cause Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Have Good Prognoses." Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis 3, no. 5 (2023): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/cdp.10255.

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Background/Aim: Elevated blood fibronectin (FN) levels have been observed in various cancers; however, their significance is controversial. We measured sialyl-fibronectin (S-FN), a type of FN secreted by tumor cells in the blood, and investigated whether blood S-FN secretion is associated with cancer malignancy and recurrent metastases. Materials and Methods: We constructed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system that recognizes S-FN as an antigen and measured the amount of S-FN secreted into the blood of 89 patients with breast tumors. The relationship between S-FN secretion and prognostic predictors was analyzed. Immunostaining was performed to identify the site of S-FN secretion in the breast tissue. Results: Among the 82 patients, 21 (25.6%, 21/82) and 61 (74.4%, 61/82) were blood S-FN-positive and S-FN-negative, respectively. Regarding prognostic predictors, blood S-FN-positive and S-FN-negative patients showed significant difference in locoregional recurrence (p=0.026), remote metastases (p=0.049), and histological margins (p=0.001). Locoregional recurrence was associated with positive histological margins in S-FN-positive patients. However, remote metastases were associated with N-factor and histological classification (HC) in S-FN-negative patients. Furthermore, S-FN particles were detected in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells through immunostaining. After the onset of recurrent metastases, two S-FN-positive and six S-FN-negative patients received anticancer drug treatment; however, further progression was observed in five S-FN-negative patients. Conclusion: S-FN-positive patients are less likely to develop distant metastases, have a better prognosis, and may be less resistant to therapeutic agents than S-FN-negative patients, which contain many epithelial-mesenchymal transition cells.

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Zhu, Si-Yuan, and Pak-Hin Thomas Tam. "Unveiling the Progenitors of a Population of Likely Peculiar Gamma-Ray Bursts." Astrophysical Journal 976, no. 1 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad813a.

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Abstract Traditionally, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified as long and short GRBs, with T 90 = 2 s being the threshold duration. Generally, long-duration GRBs (LGRBs; T 90 > 2 s) are associated with the collapse of massive stars, and short-duration (SGRBs; T 90 < 2 s) are associated with compact binary mergers involving at least one neutron star. However, the existence of a population of so-called “peculiar GRBs”—i.e., LGRBs originating from mergers or long Type I GRBs, and SGRBs originating from collapsars or short Type II GRBs—has challenged the traditional paradigm of GRB classification. Finding more peculiar GRBs may help to give more insight into this issue. In this work, we analyze the properties of machine-learning-identified long Type I GRB and short Type II GRB candidates, long GRBs-I and short GRBs-II (the so-called “peculiar GRBs”). We find that long GRBs-I almost always exhibit properties similar to Type I GRBs, which suggests that mergers may indeed produce GRBs with T 90 > 2 s. Furthermore, according to the probability given by the redshift distribution, short GRBs-II almost exhibit properties similar to Type II GRBs. This suggests that the populations of short Type II GRBs are not scarce and that they are hidden in a large number of samples without redshifts, which is unfavorable for the interpretation that the jet progression leads to a missed main emission.

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Worpel, H., A. D. Schwope, I. Traulsen, K. Mukai, and S. Ok. "V902 Monocerotis: A likely disc-accreting intermediate polar." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833472.

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Aims. We aim to confirm whether the eclipsing cataclysmic variable (CV) V902 Mon is an intermediate polar (IP), to characterise its X-ray spectrum and flux, and to refine its orbital ephemeris and spin period. Methods. We performed spectrographic observations of V902 Mon in 2016 with the 2.2 m Calar Alto telescope, and X-ray photometry and spectroscopy with XMM-Newton in October 2017. This data was supplemented by several years of AAVSO visual photometry. Results. We confirmed V902 Mon as an IP based on detecting the spin period, which has a value of 2208 s, at multiple epochs. Spectroscopy of the donor star and Gaia parallax yield a distance of 3.5−0.9+1.3 kpc, suggesting an X-ray luminosity one or two orders of magnitude lower than the 1033 erg s−1 typical of previously known IPs. The X-ray to optical flux ratio is also very low. The inclination of the system is more than 79°, and is most likely a value of around 82°. We have refined the eclipse ephemeris, stable over 14 000 cycles. The Hα line is present throughout the orbital cycle and is clearly present during eclipse, suggesting an origin distant from the white dwarf, and shows radial velocity variations at the orbital period. The amplitude and overall recessional velocity seem inconsistent with an origin in the disc. The XMM-Newton observation reveals a partially absorbed plasma model typical of magnetic CVs, that has a fluorescent iron line at 6.4 keV showing a large equivalent width of 1.4 keV. Conclusions. V902 Mon is an IP, and probably a member of the hypothesized X-ray underluminous class of IPs. It is likely to be a disc accretor, although the radial velocity behaviour of the Hα line remains puzzling. The large equivalent width of the fluorescent iron line, the small FX/Fopt ratio, and the only marginal detection of X-ray eclipses suggests that the X-ray emission arises from scattering.

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Zhang, Gangfeng, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Deliang Chen, et al. "Variability of Daily Maximum Wind Speed across China, 1975–2016: An Examination of Likely Causes." Journal of Climate 33, no. 7 (2020): 2793–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0603.1.

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AbstractAssessing change in daily maximum wind speed and its likely causes is crucial for many applications such as wind power generation and wind disaster risk governance. Multidecadal variability of observed near-surface daily maximum wind speed (DMWS) from 778 stations over China is analyzed for 1975–2016. A robust homogenization protocol using the R package Climatol was applied to the DMWS observations. The homogenized dataset displayed a significant (p < 0.05) declining trend of −0.038 m s−1 decade−1 for all China annually, with decreases in winter (−0.355 m s−1 decade−1, p < 0.05) and autumn (−0.108 m s−1 decade−1; p < 0.05) and increases in summer (+0.272 m s−1 decade−1, p < 0.05) along with a weak recovery in spring (+0.032 m s−1 decade−1; p > 0.10); that is, DMWS declined during the cold semester (October–March) and increased during the warm semester (April–September). Correlation analysis of the Arctic Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the west Pacific modes exhibited significant correlation with DMWS variability, unveiling their complementarity in modulating DMWS. Further, we explored potential physical processes relating to the atmospheric circulation changes and their impacts on DMWS and found that 1) overall weakened horizontal airflow [large-scale mean horizontal pressure gradient (from −0.24 to +0.02 hPa decade−1) and geostrophic wind speed (from −0.6 to +0.6 m s−1 decade−1)], 2) widely decreased atmospheric vertical momentum transport [atmospheric stratification thermal instability (from −3 to +1.5 decade−1) and vertical wind shear (from −0.4 to +0.2 m s−1 decade−1)], and 3) decreased extratropical cyclones frequency (from −0.3 to 0 month decade−1) are likely causes of DMWS change.

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Ghosh, Sayak R., Anne Lally, Isabella L. Pecorari, and Vijay Agarwal. "Older Patients with Pituitary Adenomas Are More Likely to Present with Vision Loss." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 86, S 01 (2025): S1—S576. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1803760.

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Iqbal, Nusrat, Sean Ramcharan, Samer Doughan, and Irshad Shaikh. "Colonoscopy without sedation: Patient factors alone are less likely to influence its uptake." Endoscopy International Open 04, no. 05 (2016): E534—E537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-102877.

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Wu, Yiduo, Fenghua Zhang, Yang Wang, et al. "Photoinstability of S-Nitrosothiols during Sampling of Whole Blood: A Likely Source of Error and Variability in S-Nitrosothiol Measurements." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 5 (2008): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.102103.

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Abstract Background: The determination of reference intervals for the concentration of total S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) in blood is a highly controversial topic, likely because of the inherent instability of these species. Most currently available techniques to quantify RSNOs in blood require considerable sample handling and multiple pretreatment steps during which light exposure is difficult to completely eliminate. We investigated the effect of brief light exposure on the stability of RSNO species in blood during the initial sampling process. Methods: A novel amperometric RSNO sensor, based on an immobilized organoselenium catalyst at the distal tip of an electrochemical nitric oxide detector, was used to determine RSNO species in diluted whole blood without centrifugation or pretreatment. Porcine blood was collected into aluminum foil–wrapped syringes via a 12-inch butterfly needle tube assembly. Two blood samples were collected from the same animal—one with the butterfly needle tubing wrapped in aluminum foil and one with the tubing exposed to ambient room light. The RSNO concentrations in these sequential blood samples were determined by a standard addition procedure. Results: Eight sets of measurements were made in 6 animals. Samples exposed to light yielded RSNO concentrations only 23.6% (7.2%) [mean (SD)] of the RSNO concentrations determined in samples that were shielded from light and obtained from the same animals. Conclusions: These results suggest significant photoinstablity of RSNOs in whole blood and indicate the critical importance of proper light protection during sampling and processing of blood samples for the accurate determinations of endogenous RSNO concentrations.

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Yalkin, Tolga R., and Patrick F. Baud. "Nonpartisanship of Agents of Parliament: Bill C-520’s Redundant and Likely Unconstitutional Approach." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 23, no. 3 (2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c95q3w.

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Bill C-520 was introduced to ensure the non-partisanship of agents of Parliament and their staff. Partisan activities, however, are already regulated by the Public Service Employment Act and the Values and Ethics Code for the Public Sector. The bill would require public servants to disclose partisan history even though such history cannot be taken into account in hiring or retention; to disclose any intentions to engage in partisan activities even though such activities are already prohibited if they would impair one’s real or apparent impartiality; and to solemnly affirm a narrow version of the Values and Ethics Code for the Public Sector they already sign when accepting employment. Furthermore, Bill C-520 runs roughshod over employees’ Charter rights and freedoms by attempting to compel expression and seemingly encouraging discrimination in hiring. The bill discourages political association, without adequate regard to the constitutional requirements set out by the SCC in Osborne that individual circumstances be taken into account when restricting public servant’s political freedoms. In sum, significant portions of the bill are duplicative of existing regulation, introduce ambiguity into the regime for the regulation of public servants, and are of dubious constitutionality.

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Reglińska-Matveyev, Natalia, Helena M. Andersson, Suely M. Rezende, et al. "TFPI cofactor function of protein S: essential role of the protein S SHBG-like domain." Blood 123, no. 25 (2014): 3979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-01-551812.

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Key Points The protein S SHBG-like domain and, more specifically, its LG1 subunit are important for binding and enhancement of TFPI. TFPI binding to the protein S SHBG-like domain likely positions TFPI Kunitz domain 2 for optimal interaction with the active site of FXa.

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Werner, Erika F., Judette M. Louis, Brenna Hughes, Christina Shih-chi Han, Mary E. Norton, and Sindhu K. Srinivas. "Community Obstetrical Units Less Likely than Academic Units to Have Universal COVID-19 Testing." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 10 (2020): 1074–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712454.

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Ehrat, Markus, Douglas J. Cecchini, and Roger W. Giese. "Substrate-Leash Amplification with Ribonuclease S-Peptide and S-Protein." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 2 (1986): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.2.390.

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Abstract p 1628, Fig. 6: Although faint, there is a band at the origin in lane g. p 1656: The accompanying figure should be substituted for the Figure 2 shown on page 1656, a figure that was to have been deleted. The figure legend is unchanged. p 1705: The second paragraph in the left column should replace the third paragraph of the Discussion. Thus the authors find it "likely...that the principal alkali-labile oxalate precursors in urine are ascorbate and some of its metabolites...." p 1927: The name of the author of a book review, Robert Rej, was omitted. p 2014: On line 7, the 95 percentile interval for plasma ammonia should be 16-53 µmol/L, as correctly stated in the Abstract. See image in the PDF file

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Sharma, Anup, Sanjay Agarwala, Abhijit Bhagwat, Shanaz Khodaiji, Faram Dastur, and Amar Gupta. "Local and general factors are the likely cause of venous thrombosis in lower limb arthroplasty." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 92, no. 11 (2004): 1167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614300.

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Field, Scott S. "Fatal Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection Likely from Unrecognized Breast Lesions." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (2015): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415596987.

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Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is very prevalent yet in rare circumstances can lead to fatal neonatal disease. Genital acquisition of type 2 HSV is the usual mode for neonatal herpes, but HSV-1 transmission by genital or extragenital means may result in greater mortality rates. A very rare scenario is presented in which the mode of transmission was likely through breast lesions. The lesions were seen by nurses as well as the lactation consultant and obstetrician in the hospital after delivery of the affected baby but not recognized as possibly being caused by herpes. The baby died 9 days after birth with hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Peripartum health care workers need to be aware of potential nongenital (including from the breast[s]) neonatal herpes acquisition, which can be lethal.

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Li, Wenchao. "Sequential Voicing in Old Japanese." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 5 (2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i5.17733.

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This study tackles sequential voicing in Old Japanese with a focus on three matters: (a) the interaction of the eight vowels and aspirated consonants; (b) the association of the written system and sequential voicing; and (c) the interaction between the combinationality of each constituent and sequential voicing. Four hundred and seventy-two compound nouns of Old Japanese were collected from the corpus ‘The Japanese Lexicon: A Rendaku Encyclopedia’ by NINJAL. The findings reveal that (i) /k/ has the largest token number of sequential voicing and /p/ has the second largest token number, followed by /s/ and /t/; (ii) regarding the eight vowels /a/, /e1/, /e2/, /i1/, /i2/, /o1/, /o2/ and /u/, /a/ is most likely to form a [N1-N2] whose initial consonant is /k/, /p/ and /t/. It is not likely for the vowel /a/ to invite a voiced ‘/s/-initial’ N1’; /o1/ and /o2/ are both likely to combine with a voiced consonant /k/; /t/ and are less likely to yield a voiced /s/; /e1/ is more likely to invite a voiced consonant than /e2/, but /e1/ does not invite a voiced /p/; /e2/ does not yield a voiced /s/; and /i1/ is likely to take a voiced consonant than /i2/. /k/ and /t/ are the two consonants that are most likely to be voiced when forming a N-N with N1 ends with /i1/. /i2/ does not invite a voiced /p/, /s/ or /t/; /u/ never results in a voiced /s/; (iii) there is a split in the characters that renders a voiced phoneme or an unvoiced phoneme; and (iv) the semantic relationship of N1 and N2 in [N1-N2] that bears sequential voicing is of six types, of which the most frequent relationship of N1 and N2 is [Modifier - N2]. The [prefix-N2] construction is not subject to sequential voicing.

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Melloh, M., A. Käser, C. Rolli Salathé, and A. Elfering. "Who is Likely to Develop Persistent Low Back Pain? a Longitudinal Analysis of Prognostic Occupational Factors." Global Spine Journal 2, no. 1_suppl (2012): s—0032–1319916—s—0032–1319916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1319916.

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Balluz, Lina S., Catherine A. Okoro, Barbara A. Bowman, Mary K. Serdula, and Ali H. Mokdad. "Vitamin or Supplement Use among Adults, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 13 States, 2001." Public Health Reports 120, no. 2 (2005): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000204.

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Objective. The authors examined vitamin/supplement (V/S) use and its relationship to sociodemographics, health behaviors, and health conditions among adults in 13 states. Methods. This investigation used 2001 data from a cross-sectional study of non-institutionalized adults aged ⩾18 years, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. Of 45,415 respondents with complete data (18,723 males and 26,692 females), 56.5% ( n=5,652) reported current V/S use. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, the authors found a statistically significant association between V/S use and positive health risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; p<0.001). Also, V/S use was found to increase with age ( p<0.001). No association was found between V/S use and the absence of specific chronic disease conditions (adjusted OR=0.93; p=0.052). Conclusions. People who used V/S in the states surveyed were more likely to demonstrate positive health risk behaviors than those who did not report V/S use. Thus it appears that individuals who are most likely to use V/S are least likely to need V/S. It is crucial that individuals report quantity and frequency of V/S use when providing medical or diet histories to health care providers.

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Zhan, Dan, Zuo-An Xiao, Hua-Jun Liu, and Xiao-Peng Shi. "(S)-1,1-Dimethyl-N-[(S)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)but-3-enyl]ethane-2-sulfinamide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (2007): o4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680704737x.

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The title compound, C20H25NO3S2, was obtained by the reaction of (S)-2-methyl-N-[(S)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylthio)but-3-enyl]propane-2-sulfinamide with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) in dichloromethane solution. The absolute configuration was assigned by reference to the unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 73.3 (2)°. The molecular conformation is likely influenced in part by intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, while the crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions.

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Gottlieb, Ore, Jonatan Jacquemin-Ide, Beverly Lowell, Alexander Tchekhovskoy, and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz. "Collapsar Black Holes Are Likely Born Slowly Spinning." Astrophysical Journal Letters 952, no. 2 (2023): L32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace779.

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Abstract Collapsing stars constitute the main black hole (BH) formation channel, and are occasionally associated with the launch of relativistic jets that power γ-ray bursts (GRBs). Thus, collapsars offer an opportunity to infer the natal (before spin-up/down by accretion) BH spin directly from observations. We show that once the BH saturates with a large-scale magnetic flux, the jet power is dictated by the BH spin and mass accretion rate. Core-collapse simulations by Halevi et al. and GRB observations favor stellar density profiles that yield an accretion rate of m ̇ ≈ 10 − 2 M ⊙ s − 1 , weakly dependent on time. This leaves the spin as the main factor that governs the jet power. By comparing the jet power to characteristic GRB luminosities, we find that the majority of BHs associated with jets are likely born slowly spinning with a dimensionless spin of a ≃ 0.2, or a ≃ 0.5 for wobbling jets, with the main uncertainty originating in the unknown γ-ray radiative efficiency. This result could be applied to the entire core-collapse BH population, unless an anticorrelation between the stellar magnetic field and angular momentum is present. In a companion paper, Jacquemin-Ide et al., we show that regardless of the natal spin, the extraction of BH rotational energy leads to spin-down to a ≲ 0.2, consistent with gravitational-wave observations. We verify our results by performing the first 3D general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of collapsar jets with characteristic GRB energies, powered by slowly spinning BHs. We find that jets of typical GRB power struggle to escape from the star, providing the first numerical indication that many jets fail to generate a GRB.

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Allen, K. D., H. Xu, and R. H. White. "Identification of a Unique Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Methylase Likely Involved in Methanopterin Biosynthesis in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii." Journal of Bacteriology 196, no. 18 (2014): 3315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01903-14.

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D’Souza, Richard, and Eric F. Bell. "The Andromeda galaxy’s most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32’s likely progenitor." Nature Astronomy 2, no. 9 (2018): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x.

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Draaijers, Lonneke, Robert-Jan Hassing, Menno Kooistra, KoK van Kessel, and Marcel Hovens. "Severe Acquired Coagulopathy During Fulminant Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Most Likely Caused by S. aureus Exotoxins (SSLs)." European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine 5, no. 12 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12890/2018_001002.

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Plack, MSgt Eric A., Jonathan D. Ritschel, Edward D. White, Lt Col Clay M. Koschnick, and Lt Col Scott T. Drylie. "Exploring Performance in Air Force Science and Technology Programs." Reimagining Program Management 28, no. 98 (2021): 420–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/dau.20-863.28.04.

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Science and technology (S&T) programs serve an important function in the defense acquisition process as the initial phase leading to discovery and development of warfighting technology. The results of these programs impact the larger Major Defense Acquisition Programs, which integrate the technologies in subsequent phases of the life cycle. Despite this important role, little prior research has examined the performance of S&T programs. In this study, the authors investigate the impact of technological maturation as a critical success factor in Air Force S&T programs. The results suggest that S&T programs with mature technologies are more likely to experience above average cost growth and larger contract values while less likely to experience schedule growth. Additionally, the authors find the partnership method between the government and contractor matters for both technological maturation and schedule growth. Lastly, the nature of the S&T program is important, with aerospace programs more likely to technologically mature than human systems programs.

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Plack, Eric, Jonathan Ritschel, Edward White, Clay Koschnick, and Scott Drylie. "Exploring Performance in Air Force Science and Technology Programs." Reimagining Program Management 28, no. 98 (2021): 420–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/10.22594/dau.20-863.28.04.

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Science and technology (S&T) programs serve an important function in the defense acquisition process as the initial phase leading to discovery and development of warfighting technology. The results of these programs impact the larger major defense acquisition programs, which integrate the technologies in subsequent phases of the life cycle. Despite this important role, little prior research has examined the performance of S&T programs. In this study, the authors investigate the impact of technological maturation as a critical success factor in Air Force S&T programs. The results suggest that S&T programs with mature technologies are more likely to experience above average cost growth and larger contract values while less likely to experience schedule growth. Additionally, the authors find the partnership method between the government and contractor matters for both technological maturation and schedule growth. Lastly, the nature of the S&T program is important, with aerospace programs more likely to technologically mature than human systems programs.

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Nguyen, Hoang C., Minh H. Nguyen, Binh N. Do, et al. "People with Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms Were More Likely Depressed and Had Lower Health-Related Quality of Life: The Potential Benefit of Health Literacy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (2020): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040965.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic affects people’s health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), especially in those who have suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S). We examined the effect of modifications of health literacy (HL) on depression and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 February to 2 March 2020. 3947 participants were recruited from outpatient departments of nine hospitals and health centers across Vietnam. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including participants’ characteristics, clinical parameters, health behaviors, HL, depression, and HRQoL. People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood (OR, 2.88; p < 0.001), lower HRQoL-score (B, −7.92; p < 0.001). In comparison to people without S-COVID-19-S and low HL, those with S-COVID-19-S and low HL had 9.70 times higher depression likelihood (p < 0.001), 20.62 lower HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), for the people without S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in 5% lower depression likelihood (p < 0.001) and 0.45 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001), while for those people with S-COVID-19-S, 1 score increment of HL resulted in a 4% lower depression likelihood (p = 0.004) and 0.43 higher HRQoL-score (p < 0.001). People with S-COVID-19-S had a higher depression likelihood and lower HRQoL than those without. HL shows a protective effect on depression and HRQoL during the epidemic.

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Maldonado, Lauren Y., Kimberly E. Fryer, Christine M. Tucker, and Alison M. Stuebe. "The Association between Travel Time and Prenatal Care Attendance." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 11 (2019): 1146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692455.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between a patient's travel time to clinic and her prenatal care attendance. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women (≥18 years) who received prenatal care and delivered at North Carolina Women's Hospital between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016 (n = 2,808 women, 24,021 appointments). We queried demographic data from the electronic medical record and calculated travel time with ArcGIS. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association between travel time and attendance, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. Results For every 10 minutes of additional travel time, women were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001) times as likely to arrive late and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04, p < 0.001) times as likely to cancel appointments than arrive on time. Travel time did not significantly affect a patient's likelihood of not showing for appointments. Non-Hispanic black patients were 71% more likely to arrive late and 51% more likely to not show for appointments than non-Hispanic white patients (p < 0.05). Publicly insured women were 28% more likely to arrive late to appointments and 82% more likely to not show for appointments than privately insured women (p < 0.05). Conclusion Changes to transportation availability alone may only modestly affect outcomes compared with strategically improving access for sociodemographically marginalized women.

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Hallakoun, Na’ama, and Dan Maoz. "A bottom-heavy initial mass function for the likely-accreted blue-halo stars of the Milky Way." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 1 (2021): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2145.

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ABSTRACT We use Gaia DR2 to measure the initial mass function (IMF) of stars within 250 pc and masses in the range of 0.2 &lt; m/M⊙ &lt; 1.0, separated according to kinematics and metallicity, as determined from Gaia transverse velocity, vT, and location on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD). The predominant thin-disc population (vT &lt; 40 km s−1) has an IMF similar to traditional (e.g. Kroupa) stellar IMFs, with star numbers per mass interval dN/dm described by a broken power law, m−α, and index $\alpha _\textrm {high}=2.03^{+0.14}_{-0.05}$ above m ∼ 0.5, shallowing to $\alpha _\textrm {low}=1.34^{+0.11}_{-0.22}$ at m ≲ 0.5. Thick-disc stars (60 km s−1 &lt;vT &lt; 150 km s−1) and stars belonging to the ‘high-metallicity’ or ‘red-sequence’ halo (vT &gt; 100 km s−1 or vT &gt; 200 km s−1, and located above the isochrone on the HRD with a metallicity [M/H] &gt; −0.6) have a somewhat steeper high-mass slope, $\alpha _\textrm {high}=2.35^{+0.97}_{-0.19}$ (and a similar low-mass slope $\alpha _\textrm {low}=1.14^{+0.42}_{-0.50}$). Halo stars from the ‘blue sequence’, which are characterized by low metallicity ([M/H] &lt; −0.6), however, have a distinct, bottom-heavy IMF, well described by a single power law with $\alpha =1.82^{+0.17}_{-0.14}$ over most of the mass range probed. The IMF of the low-metallicity halo is reminiscent of the Salpeter-like IMF that has been measured in massive early-type galaxies, a stellar population that, like Milky Way halo stars, has a high ratio of α elements to iron, [α/Fe]. Blue-sequence stars are likely the debris from accretion by the Milky Way, ∼10 Gyr ago, of the Gaia-Enceladus dwarf galaxy, or similar events. These results hint at a distinct mode of star formation common to two ancient stellar populations – elliptical galaxies and galaxies possibly accreted early-on by ours.

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Golovatch, Sergei I., Rodrigo S. Bouzan, Jéssica S. Gallo, and Maria E. Bichuette. "A new genus and two new species of the millipede family Chelodesmidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a likely troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)." Zootaxa 5155, no. 1 (2022): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.1.4.

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Golovatch, Sergei I., Bouzan, Rodrigo S., Gallo, Jéssica S., Bichuette, Maria E. (2022): A new genus and two new species of the millipede family Chelodesmidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a likely troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Zootaxa 5155 (1): 87-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5155.1.4

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Malone, Shane, Brian Hughes, and Kieran D. Collins. "Are small-sided games an effective training methodology for improving fitness in hurling players? A comparative study of training methodologies." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, no. 5 (2017): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117727887.

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The current investigation compared the effects of specific small-sided games training versus generic continuous aerobic training on team sport related exercise performances. Forty-eight hurling players (age: 25 ± 6.4 years; height: 180.2 ± 20.4 cm; mass: 80.5 ± 3.2 kg; [Formula: see text]: 58.78 ± 3.05 ml·kg·min−1) completed either traditional continuous aerobic training ( n = 24) or team sport-specific small-sided game training ( n = 24), consisting of 4 × 4 min with 3-min active recovery periods completed twice per week. The following outcomes were measured at baseline (pre) and after 10 weeks (post): maximum oxygen uptake (ml·kg−1·min−1), running economy (ml·kg−1·min−1), maximal aerobic speed (km·h−1), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (m), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (m), repeated sprint ability (RSA; s), linear sprint speed over 5, 10 and 20 m (s) and counter-movement jump performance (cm). Training load was quantified by heart rate and rating of perceived exertion during all training sessions with no significant difference between groups ( P = 0.12). Small-sided game ( P = 0.002; d = 1.72; likely beneficial) had a likely beneficial effect for improving running economy (ml·kg−1·min−1) in contrast to the unclear effect for continuous training ( P = 0.94; d = 0.21; unclear). Small-sided game ( P = 0.04; d = 0.80; likely beneficial) had a likely beneficial effect for changes in RSAb (s) and RSAt (s) with these being in contrast to the likely negative effect for continuous training on similar measures ( P = 0.12; d = −2.01; likely negative). Continuous training had a trivial ( P = 0.72; d = 0.30; trivial) effect on Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (m) performance in contrast to the likely beneficial effect seen for small-sided game ( P = 0.002; d = 1.72; likely beneficial). Small-sided game ( P = 0.001; d = 1.69; likely beneficial) resulted in a likely beneficial effect for Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (m) performance with a likely negative effect for continuous training ( P = 0.004; d = −2.40; likely negative). The current study suggests that small-sided games are a time efficient and effective method of improving fitness characteristics within hurling cohorts.

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Jaramillo-Morales, Camilo, Kaitlyn James, Samantha Barnum, et al. "Voluntary Biosurveillance of Streptococcus equi Subsp. equi in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020078.

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This study aimed to describe selected epidemiological aspects of horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs testing qPCR-positive for S. equi and to determine the effect of vaccination against S. equi on qPCR status. Horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs from all regions of the United States were included in a voluntary biosurveillance program from 2008 to 2020 and nasal secretions were tested via qPCR for S. equi and common respiratory viruses. A total of 715/9409 equids (7.6%) tested qPCR-positive for S. equi, with 226 horses showing coinfections with EIV, EHV-1, EHV-4, and ERBV. The median age for the S. equi qPCR-positive horses was 8 ± 4 years and there was significant difference when compared to the median age of the S. equi qPCR-negative horses (6 ± 2 years; p = 0.004). Quarter Horse, Warmblood, and Thoroughbred were the more frequent breed in this horse population, and these breeds were more likely to test qPCR-positive for S. equi compared to other breeds. There was not statistical difference for sex between S. equi qPCR-positive and qPCR-negative horses. Horses used for competition and ranch/farm use were more likely to test qPCR-positive for S. equi (p = 0.006). Horses that tested S. equi qPCR-positive were more likely to display nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, anorexia, and ocular discharge compared to horses that tested S. equi qPCR-negative (p = 0.001). Vaccination against S. equi was associated with a lower frequency of S. equi qPCR-positive status.

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Qingjiang, Kong. "Chinas Uncharted FTA Strategy." Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 5 (2012): 1191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012036.

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China is embracing free trade agreements (FTAs).This article tries to probe into whether China has an FTA strategy, presuming that launch of FTAs emanates from the interaction between the decision-making mechanism in the trade area and the potential limits of the guiding principles. It argues that China will likely keep concluding more FTAs to weave an FTA net once technical evaluations lead to positive indicators for FTA negotiations. However, China's complicated structure of trade policy-making mechanism may also hinder its ability to conclude, especially when the bureaucratic actors are not in a position to evaluate the ripeness of the timing for a launch of FTA negotiations with a particular country in terms of the political considerations involved.

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Chhoa, John, John Jawiche, Priya A. Uppal, et al. "Race and Gender in Ophthalmology: A National Analysis of Medical Students with Intention to Pursue the Field." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 15, no. 01 (2023): e24-e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760834.

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Abstract Purpose The field of ophthalmology must become more reflective of the increasingly diverse U.S. population. This study characterizes students intending to pursue ophthalmology and practice in an underserved area versus other surgical and nonsurgical fields. Subjects Deidentified responses from 92,080 U.S. MD students who matriculated in the academic years beginning from 2007 to 2011 were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Graduation Questionnaires. Methods Study participants were those who fully completed the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire. Chi-squared and multivariate logistical regressions were used for analyses. Results Ophthalmology intending graduates (OIG; n = 1,177) compared with other surgical intending graduates (n = 7,955) were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.66), Asian (1.71 [1.46–2.01]), and have conducted a research project with a faculty member (1.58 [1.26–1.98]). OIG compared with nonsurgery intending graduates (n = 35,865) were more likely to have completed a research project with a faculty member (4.78 [3.86–5.92]), to be Asian (1.4 [1.21–1.62]), and have received scholarships (1.18 [1.04–1.34]). OIG were less likely to be female (0.64 [0.57–0.73]) and Black/African American (0.5 [0.33–0.74]). Among OIG, Black/African American students and multiracial students were more likely than non-Hispanic (NH) White students to report intention to practice in underserved areas (IPUA; 14.29 [1.82–111.88] and 2.5 [1.06–5.92]), respectively. OIG with global health experience were more likely to report IPUA (1.64 [1.2–2.25]). Conclusion Females and underrepresented in medicine (URM), respectively, were more likely to be nonsurgery intending graduates than OIG, which, if not addressed, may lead to a persistent underrepresentation of these groups in the field. In addition, URM students, including African American students, were more likely to report IPUA, which further emphasizes the importance of more URM students entering the field to address these growing gaps in medical care. Finally, we recommend increased mentorship to help address these disparities.

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Milanez, I., M. Krajc, A. Vodenik, S. Plut, and A. Gavric. "Colonic phenotype of carriers of biallelic pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in NTHL1 gene: case series of 4 cases." Endoscopy 57, S 02 (2025): S403. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1806024.

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Schultze-Kraft, Rainer, Bruce G. Cook, and Arsenio Ciprián. "Clearing confusion in Stylosanthes taxonomy. 2. S. macrocephala M.B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa vs. S. capitata Vogel and S. bracteata Vogel." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, no. 3 (2020): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)250-262.

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Stylosanthes macrocephala was described as a new species in 1977 and has become an economically important pasture legume. It has recently been claimed to be conspecific with S. capitata, also an economically important species. This paper refutes this synonymization and summarizes morphological descriptions as well as genetic studies and cytological evidence indicating that diploid S. macrocephala should be considered a separate species, even being a likely progenitor of tetraploid S. capitata. Early confusion with S. bracteata is also discussed.

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Smock, Kristi, Elizabeth Plumhoff, Piet Meijer, et al. "Protein S testing in patients with protein S deficiency, factor V Leiden, and rivaroxaban by North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratories." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 116, no. 07 (2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th15-12-0918.

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SummaryIn 2010–2012, the North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association (NASCOLA) distributed 12 proficiency testing challenges to evaluate laboratory testing for protein S (PS). Results were analysed to assess the performance of PS activity, PS free antigen, and PS total antigen testing. Statistical analysis was performed on the numeric results and qualitative classification submitted for each method. There were 2,106 total results: 716 results from PS activity assays, 833 results from PS free antigen assays, and 557 results from PS total antigen assays. The three assay types performed well in the classification of five normal samples and nine abnormal samples, although certain PS activity methods were more likely to classify normal samples as abnormal and one PS total antigen assay was more likely to classify abnormal samples as normal. PS activity methods were affected by interfering substances such as heterozygous or homozygous factor V Leiden mutation (underestimation) and the anticoagulant drug rivaroxaban (overestimation). In conclusion, NASCOLA laboratories using a variety of PS assays performed well in the classification of clearly normal and abnormal samples. Laboratories performing PS activity assays should be aware of potential interferences in samples positive for FV Leiden or containing certain anticoagulant medications.

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Xanthopoulos, Gavriil, Dany Ghosn, and George Kazakis. "Investigation of the wind speed threshold above which discarded cigarettes are likely to be moved by the wind." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 4 (2006): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05080.

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Cigarette butts thrown from passing cars often become fire ignition sources. However, this is only possible if a butt ends up on dead and dry fuels on the roadside. The current paper presents two experiments, carried out in a wind tunnel, designed to investigate the wind speed thresholds above which a butt thrown on the road is unlikely to stay on the road surface but will roll with the wind. The work was done for three road surfaces: asphalt, cement, and compacted soil. The experiments demonstrated that a lower wind speed is necessary for cigarette butts to start rolling from a still condition than the wind speed needed for whole cigarettes. Three wind speed thresholds, 0.88 m s–1 for asphalt, 1.63 m s–1 for cement, and 2.33 m s–1 for compacted soil, represent a conservative lower limit below which movement of still butts is highly unlikely. Three logistic regression equations were developed for calculating the probability that a cigarette butt thrown on the road surface under wind will continue to roll. They show that for wind speeds of less than 4.5 m s–1, a cigarette butt thrown on a dirt road is much less likely to be carried by the wind than if it was thrown on an asphalt or cement surface. The wind speed values refer to a height of 5 cm. The present paper provides a discussion of how this value relates to commonly used meteorological wind previsions. It also includes an example of how the findings can be used for fire prevention purposes.

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HUANG, GUIFENG, LIDONG WANG, and GONGFU LIAO. "A NOTE ON THE UNIMODAL FEIGENBAUM'S MAPS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 14 (2009): 3101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209052649.

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We mainly investigate the likely limit sets and the kneading sequences of unimodal Feigenbaum's maps (Feigenbaum's map can be regarded as the fixed point of the renormalization operator [Formula: see text], where λ is to be determined). First, we estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the likely limit set for the unimodal Feigenbaum's map and then for every decimal s ∈ (0, 1), we construct a unimodal Feigenbaum's map which has a likely limit set with Hausdorff dimension s. Second, we prove that the kneading sequences of unimodal Feigenbaum's maps are uniformly almost periodic points of the shift map but not periodic ones.

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Giménez, Jesús V., Anthony S. Leicht, and Miguel A. Gomez. "Physical Performance Differences Between Starter and Non‐Starter Players During Professional Soccer Friendly Matches." Journal of Human Kinetics 69, no. 1 (2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0018.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the physical performance differences between players that started (i.e. starters, ≥65 minutes played) and those that were substituted into (i.e. non‐starter) soccer friendly matches. Fourteen professional players (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years, body height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 73.2 ± 6.9 kg) took part in this study. Twenty, physical performance‐related match variables (e.g. distance covered at different intensities, accelerations and decelerations, player load, maximal running speed, exertion index, work‐to‐rest ratio and rating of perceived exertion) were collected during two matches. Results were analysed using effect sizes (ES) and magnitude based inferences. Compared to starters, non‐starters covered greater match distance within the following intensity categories: >3.3≤4.2m/s (very likely), >4.2≤5 m/s (likely) and >5≤6.9 m/s (likely). In contrast, similar match average acceleration and deceleration values were identified for starters and non‐starters (trivial). Indicators of workloads including player loads (very likely), the exertion index (very likely), and the work–to‐rest ratio (very likely) were greater, while self‐ reported ratings of perceived exertion were lower (likely) for non‐starters compared to starters. The current study demonstrates that substantial physical performance differences during friendly soccer matches exist between starters and non‐starters. Identification of these differences enables coaches and analysts to potentially prescribe optimal training loads and microcycles based upon player’s match starting status.

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Mori, Etsuro, Manabu Ikeda, Masaki Nakagawa, Hideaki Miyagishi, and Kenji Kosaka. "Pretreatment Cognitive Profile Likely to Benefit from Donepezil Treatment in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Pooled Analyses of Two Randomized Controlled Trials." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 42, no. 1-2 (2016): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447586.

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Background/Aims: Based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) subitem scores, in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), we aimed to delineate features of cognitive impairment, identify cognitive domains improved by donepezil, and define a pretreatment cognitive profile likely to benefit from donepezil. Methods: Pooled data were used from two randomized controlled trials of donepezil in DLB (n = 235). Baseline MMSE subitem scores were calculated for all patients. Mean changes in subitem scores at week 12 were compared between the placebo and the active group. Finally, the subgroup identification based on differential effect search (SIDES) method was applied. Results: Baseline subitem scores were relatively low for serial 7's, delayed recall, and copying. Significant improvement by donepezil was found for orientation, serial 7's, repetition, 3-step command, and copying. The subgroup with pretreatment scores of serial 7's = 1, 2, or 3, delayed recall ≥1, and copying = 0 were the best responders. MMSE change in subgroups increased as more of these three conditions were fulfilled. Conclusion: Cognitive domains characteristically impaired in DLB are particularly improved by donepezil. The number of fulfilled conditions for serial 7's = 1, 2, or 3, delayed recall ≥1, and copying = 0 (likely to benefit score) may predict the response to donepezil in DLB patients.

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Nelson, Mark W., John A. Elliott, and Robin L. Tarpley. "Evidence from Auditors about Managers' and Auditors' Earnings Management Decisions." Accounting Review 77, s-1 (2002): 175–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.175.

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This paper reports analyses of data obtained using a field-based questionnaire in which 253 auditors from one Big 5 firm recalled and described 515 specific experiences they had with clients who they believe were attempting to manage earnings. This approach enables us to analyze separately managers' decisions about how to attempt earnings management and auditors' decisions about whether to prevent earnings management by requiring adjustment of the financial statements. Our results indicate that managers are more likely to attempt earnings management, and auditors are less likely to adjust earnings management attempts, which are structured (not structured) with respect to precise (imprecise) standards. We also find that managers are more likely to make attempts that increase current-year income, but auditors are more likely to require that those attempts be adjusted, that managers are more likely to make attempts that decrease current-year income with unstructured transactions and/or when standards are imprecise, and that auditors are more likely to require adjustment of attempts that they identify as material or that are attempted by small clients.

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Lock, Helen. "George S. Schuyler, Black and Conservative." Ethnic Studies Review 32, no. 2 (2009): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2009.32.2.79.

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When George S. Schuyler published his autobiography Black and Conservative in 1966, its title was intended to be paradoxical, underscoring how the two adjectives were rarely used together, particularly in an era that had recently seen the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965. When it came to political affiliation, the general assumption was that African Americans, more or less by definition, were not likely to be conservatives; rather, conservatism meant a desire to preserve the pre-existing status quo, making very little sense in Civil Rights era for a majority of African Americans to take a conservative stance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'It is likely that S'

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