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Elegba, T. H. O. "Improving organisation learning in engineering design." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3028556/.
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The local content drive in the oil and gas industry by the Nigerian government has compelled organizations in the industry, including the companies in its engineering design sector, to focus on means of increasing their organizational learning capacity. But there are no sound practices in these companies to increase organizational learning. The problem studied was how to increase organizational learning in the design sector of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Most organisations nowadays have organizational learning as an important constituent of their strategic plans. In line with their espoused values, they have established learning departments headed by senior managers. Yet, the outcomes of learning activities are not encouraging, no thanks to the fact that not only are learning efforts inappropriate, they also often ignore the human socio-cognitive aspect that is essential for organization learning, alluding to the thinking that the process of how organisations learns is still unclear to them. The purpose of this research was to examine in detail the organizational learning experience of the engineers working in the engineering design sector of the Nigerian oil and gas industry through a phenomenological diagnostic study and apply the implications from the findings in an action research to increase organizational learning capacity in the sector. The study explored and identified strategies that lead to increased organizational learning capacity. The findings revealed sub-optimum practices in the companies in the sector with regards to organizational learning-influencing constructs. Suggestions were made for improvement and some of these are being implemented and results are being assessed, too. For the phenomenological study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants, 10 of whom were employee engineers and the other 2 executives who were also engineers in their own right. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) The way we are, (2) You are on your own, (3) Facing one's business, (4) Coming together and (5) Lull in the industry. The vehicle for the action research intervention was a joint inter-organisational engineering design project. The recommendations for further research are in the areas of impact of company's age on organisational learning and similar study in the construction and power industries to advance the literature on organisational learning in Nigeria.
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Chatha, Kamran Ali. "Multi-process modelling approach to complex organisation design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34717.
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Present day markets require manufacturing enterprises (MEs) to be designed and run in a flexibly structured yet optimised way. However, contemporary approaches to ME engineering do not enable this requirement to capture ME attributes such that suitable processes, resource systems and support services can be readily implemented and changed. This study has developed and prototyped a model-driven environment for the design, optimisation and control of MEs with an embedded capability to handle various types of change. This so called Enriched-Process Modelling (E-MPM) Environment can support the engineering of strategic, tactical and operational processes and comprises two parts: (1) an E-MPM Method that informs, structures, and guides modelling activities required at different stages of ME systems design; and (2) an E-MPM Modelling Framework that specifies interconnections between modelling concepts necessary for the design and run time operation of ME systems.
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Close-Debais, Sonya J. "Investigating employees’ understanding and application of design thinking for innovation in a large organisation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123006/1/Sonya_Close-Debais_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigates how employees at multiple levels of a large financial services corporation, become aware of, and recognise the possibilities of design thinking and its potential link to drive innovative practices. The aim is to understand how employees, without a background in design, view design and innovation, how design thinking is being employed and the relationship of design thinking to innovation. Recommendations are provided for large organisations seeking to use design thinking methodology to deliver human centric solutions for their customers and achieve genuine transformative innovation. Implications of this research include key insights for industry, large organisations and practitioners.
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Walker, Helen. "The virtual organisation : exploring issues associated with the design, development and management of this new organisational form." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760746.
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Angenuis, Max, and Daniel Harrysson. "Vad en organisation behöver förstå för att tillämpa Design Sprint i förändring av produkter." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42640.
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Organisationer genomgår ständigt förändring för att utveckla nya produkter och för att förbli relevanta på marknaden. Ett tillvägagångssätt som organisationer kan tillämpa för att genomföra förändringar av produkter är metoder inom Design Thinking. En sådan metod kan vara Design Sprint, som ursprungligen skapades för att optimera samarbete i organisationer, för att lösa stora problem och testa nya idéer snabbt. Design Sprint är en relativt ny metod, som är framtagen för produktutveckling. Under de senaste åren har några forskningsstudier publicerats där studierna testar att använda Design Sprint. Det här skapade nyfikenhet kring vad som krävs av organisationer för att tillämpa Design Sprint. Metoden Design Sprint innehåller flera egenskaper som överlappar med många av de förutsättningar som krävs för att genomföra en förändring av en produkt i en organisation. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur Design Sprint kan tillämpas i förändring av produkter i organisationer. Studien har gjort en djupdykning i ett specifikt fall som sedan har kompletterats med en sekundär datainsamling av ytterligare fallstudier. Studiens resultat visar på att det är möjligt för organisationer att tillämpa Design Sprint som metod i en förändring av produkter, men att det ställer krav på organisationen för att tillämpa metoden.<br>Organizations continuously undergo change to develop new products and to remain relevant on the market. One approach that organizations can apply when implementing change in products are methods in design thinking. Such a method could be Design Sprint, which originally was created to optimize how organizations cooperate and also to solve problems test new ideas quickly. Design Sprint is a relatively new method, created for product development. Over the past couple of years a few research studies have been published where these studies have tested Design Sprint. The method Design Sprint contains several properties that overlap with several of the requirements to successfully create change of a product in an organisation. The purpose of this study was to examine how Design Sprint might be applied to change products in organizations. The study has made a deep dive into a specific case which then have been supported by secondary data collection of additional case studies. The result of the study shows that it is possible for organizations to apply Design Sprint as a method in change of products, but that there are certain requirements of the organization to do it.
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Gonzalez, Alvaro Eduardo. "Organisational Design & Mirroring in Construction." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15086.
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The mirroring hypothesis posits that an intrinsic connection exists between the architecture of a product and that of the organisation which produces it, which can influence operational efficiency. The mirroring hypothesis is applicable to construction wherein organisational design is concerned with the establishment of governance frameworks for the procurement of projects and product design is that of buildings and engineering structures. This thesis investigates the hypothesis that design data architecture mirrors component architecture in a construction project. A general procedure has emerged to investigate the mirroring hypothesis, consisting of three steps: the capturing of product architecture, the capturing of organisational architecture, and comparison of the two. The subject project is a completed building. The capturing of architecture is achieved by modelling functional dependency between components in the form of a node-link network structure. It was found that the subject project did not exhibit a high degree of visible or otherwise mirroring, hence the hypothesis is concluded to be false in this case. An explanation is that two architectures within one have been identified in the model. This makes senses because design data is structured into packages associated with design disciplines which are associated with sub-systems, which in turn corresponds to design team structure. On the other hand, the components model was prepared principally on the basis of physical connectivity. The result implies for organisational design in construction that the design management role should either be carried out by the architect for mirroring alignment, or, to mitigate misalignment, by a third party with design background as opposed to a construction background.
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Burke, Maria Edith. "Relationships concerning the design of organisation structures and information fulfilment." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26599/.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the design of an organisation's structure and information fulfilment. The term information fulfilment refers to having access to all the information needed to undertake a task or a set of tasks to the user's full satisfaction. The term was originally used in commerce to describe order fulfilment but is used in this context to describe occurrences when there has been information which is accurate, timely, current and presented in an appropriate and useful format to allow (work) tasks to be completed. The research deals with issues surrounding organisation structures and examines levels of information fulfilment in micro substantive settings, within three institutions in Russia, Poland and the UK. The interpretative ethnographic studies were undertaken using symbolic interactionist participant observation and the results are presented in various figures and analysed using Blumer's "sensitizing concepts". The social setting of each study are discussed whilst the chosen ethno- record format was "topical headings" .The data sorting was completed by employing a method of "sensitising concepts" whilst the contexts of the studies were considered using a set of five cultural frameworks. Consideration is given to the implications of these results in the form of a matrix model which is proposed as a guide for future planning of effective organisation designs which enhance levels of information fulfilment.
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Gault, Paul. "DiCER : a design research method arising from a large organisation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1a2fca2c-7c60-427e-a902-183c0eb4e512.
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This thesis discusses a programme of research into new ways in which organisations can gather field-based consumer insight. In an increasingly complex and fast moving business world, there is a need for faster and more efficient consumer experience research that also provides a wider focus on the situation under investigation. This requires a suitable method to support such activity when being conducted in the context of large organisations. The research questions this raises include: What are the organisational barriers in an engineering-led large company that limit an interest in and uptake of consumer experience research? What method is needed to help large organisations serve their ethnographic research requirements in less costly ways? What materials are needed to help support non-specialist fieldworkers engage in lightweight ethnographic research? To investigate the first research question and understand the context of a large multi-national corporation, studies into the role of consumer experience design within NCR Corporation and the forms of user/design research that underpinned their practice were carried out. These involved a contextual inquiry, a series of interviews and a workshop. These studies revealed the challenges which designers faced when being brought into the development process too late, the lack of robust process documentation and difficulties faced when collaborating with other disciplines. It also highlighted the issues there are in generating and applying consumer experience research such as communicating to designers the benefits it provides and, for those who are supportive, lacking any measured incentives to make use of it. To investigate the last two research questions, a method called DiCER has been developed for using large groups of ordinary people (non-ethnographers) to make fieldwork observations. In this method, groups of people are given a small amount of training and provided with support materials that allow them to make and report observations. The method provides a way of harnessing the potential of a large organisation’s staff for a shared goal of generating useful fieldwork material. This also provides a way of sensitising different people from within the organisation to seek out a further understanding of their end consumer. The method was first tried out in two studies that investigated how collaborative activity could be facilitated in large public spaces. This helped identify issues related to the design of support materials whilst conducting fieldwork and explored different ways of analysing and presenting the results of such activity. A follow-up study observed the activity of conversations between strangers waiting in a railway station concourse. The aim of this was to test the method on a more focused problem and prototype tools that supported the recording of fieldwork observations in such a context. The outcome of this was a set of prototypes and interventions demonstrating potential techniques for gathering fieldwork material. A final study explored the potential of using a group of non-specialist employees distributed across a large organisation to fulfil some parts of a fieldwork project. This helped develop training sessions for engaging people with little or no prior knowledge of doing fieldwork to be able to do it effectively. The output of this was a set of design recommendations for further applications of the method in a similar context. A large barrier to the use of consumer experience research in large organisations is the need to do the research very rapidly and cheaply. The method proposed in this thesis provides a way in which consumer experience research can be distributed over a company’s own staff, which has the added advantage of helping improve the support such research is given and its potential impact.
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Burnes, Bernard. "The impact of new technology on job design and work organisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2943/.
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This thesis is an examination of the selection, introduction, use and effects on job design and work organisation of a particular form of new technology: Computer Numerically Controlled machine tools (CNC). Part One, Chapters 1 - 6, reviews the new technology literature and the historical development of contemporary approaches to job design and work organisation. From this examination, a conceptual framework is constructed showing the factors which influence and guide the choices that organisations make with regard to new technology. It draws special attention to the role played by the values, beliefs, self-interest and power of individuals and groups within organisations, and the philosophy and precepts of Scientific Management. The section concludes by describing the aims, objectives and methods of the research, and by examining the development of, and literature regarding, CNC. Part Two, Chapters 7 - 10, presents case studies of the introduction and use of CNC into nine engineering companies, differentiated according to company size and product batch size. Part Three, Chapter 11, presents the conclusions from the study. It firstly compares the case studies with each other, and then with the conceptual framework. It shows that the empirical studies supported the framework, but that two additional factors need to be taken into account: (a) that there is a need to recognise that those involved in the process of technological change can be "dazzled" by the technology, and (b) that the change process can be significantly affected by the competence of those involved. Nevertheless, the conceptual framework, and especially the influence of Scientific Management, are confirmed. The Chapter concludes by putting forward guidelines for the introduction of new technology.
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Dubois, Louis-Etienne. "Le pilotage de la genèse de communautés créatives par le co-design : contextes, dynamiques et organisation." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0028/document.
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De plus en plus d'organisations se tournent aujourd'hui vers des activités de conception collectives pour concevoir de nouveaux produits, services, processus ou politiques publiques avec les usagers, employés, citoyens et autres parties prenantes. Résultat, nous savons organiser sous plusieurs formes l'innovation collective : généralement de l'innovation modérée avec des acteurs qui fonctionnent bien ensemble, au sein de collectifs qui fonctionnent également bien.Or, avant de traiter d'interactions au service de l'innovation, il faut reconnaitre que l'on ne perçoit pas toujours comment ces collectifs créatifs émergent. Pourquoi tel mutisme sur le temps zéro ? On dénote aussi un antagonisme en matière de pilotage de communautés, lequel est souvent mal perçu et potentiellement fatal. Nous sommes donc confrontés à une double ignorance : 1) sur l'émergence des communautés créatives, et de facto 2) sur le management de l'émergence de ces collectifs. Comment peut-on gérer sans être intrusif dans des contextes où il n'y a rien? Est-ce que l'innovation peut être une ressource dans ce processus et non pas seulement un effet? Si tel est le cas, alors il faudra comprendre comment et pour quelles raisons. Or, le problème est que la littérature a tendance à séparer les deux dimensions. On parle d'innovation, mais on pense souvent qu'elle est réservée aux collectifs « bien constitués » ; de l'autre on parle de collectifs, mais on ne pense pas que l'innovation puisse aider à l'émergence de nouveaux collectifs. La thèse démontre plutôt qu'il y a un lien très intime et profond entre les aspects « communautés » (relations) et l'action d'innover (car c'est de communautés créatives qu'il s'agit). Que l'action d'innover (la conception) renforce le collectif et que le collectif renforce la capacité de conception.Nous montrons que c'est précisément de cette question que traite le co-design. L'approche de conception se pose en effet comme un formidable espace de création de collectifs, là où d'autres méthodes échouent. Elle enclenche la mise en route de communautés créatives là où l'on n'attendait plus la moindre action collective. Plus précisément, la thèse aborde les trois questions suivantes : 1) Quelles sont les caractéristiques des collectifs et des contextes « pré »-communauté? 2) Quel est le rôle de la conception dans l'émergence de communautés créatives? 3) Comment piloter des communautés créatives dans la durée ? Par une approche qualitative et constructiviste, elle mobilise une foule de méthodologies : l'étude de cas multiples, la modélisation et l'expérimentation, ainsi que la recherche-intervention.L'axe I se penche sur des rapports interpersonnels encore plus déstructurés et des contextes d'innovation encore moins fertiles qu'anticipés. De ces rapports initiaux antagonistes émerge pourtant une capacité à se projeter collectivement dans l'inconnu grâce la mise en place d'espaces de conception. Le premier acte managérial de la genèse d'une communauté créative tient dans la capacité à transformer, par un espace de conception, des conflits en indécidables communs, sans forcément les résoudre.L'axe II démontre que les liens relationnels se renforcent dès que l'on parvient à pousser les acteurs à générer des concepts; à faire circuler les connaissances et à favoriser leur combinaison. Mais une fois cette transformation effectuée, la communauté doit se doter de ressources externes pour poursuivre son expansion. Le deuxième acte managérial consiste donc à remettre la communauté sous tension en ramenant des connaissances indépendantes pour préserver la part d'indécidable.Finalement, le pilotage de l'axe III offre des pistes de solutions aux différents enjeux intra et inter séances de co-design relevés en cours de route. Il identifie aussi deux actes managériaux supplémentaires : la consolidation de la valeur et de la communauté, ainsi que la résolution des propositions collectives et l'ouverture de nouvelles explorations<br>More and more organizations turn to collective activities to design new products, services, processes or public policies with users, employees, citizens and other stakeholders. As a result, we know how to organize collective innovation under several forms : generally for moderated innovation with actors who work well together, within collectives who also function well. Yet, before discussing interactions for the purpose of innovating, we must recognize that we do not always perceive how these creative collectives emerge. Little is known about the moment it emerges. We also denote an antagonism regarding the management of communities, which is often badly perceived and potentially fatal. But then again, how can one stay on the touchlines when all the proper conditions are not in place a priori and when everything remains to be built?Thus, we are faced with a double unknown: 1) on the emergence of the creative communities, and de facto 2) on the management of the emergence of these collectives. How can we manage without being intrusive in contexts where there is nothing? Can innovation be a resource in this process and not only an effect? If that is the case, then we must understand how and for which reasons. Yet, the literature tends to separate both dimensions. It discusses innovation, but often portrays it as if it was reserved for "established" collectives ; or, on the other side, it discusses collectives, but it does not show how innovation can help in their development. Rather, the thesis demonstrates that there is a strong link between communities (relations) and innovation (for we are dealing with creative communities). That engaging in innovation (to design) strengthens the collective and that the collective strengthens the capacity of to innovate.We argue that co-design deals preciscly with this question. That this type of design poses as a tremendous space for the creation of collectives, where other methods fail, and that it gives way to creative communities where collective action was the least expected. More precisely, the thesis adresses the following three questions: 1) What are the characteristics of the collectives and the contexts "pre" community? 2) What is the role of design in the emergence of creative communities?; and 3) How to manage creative communities on the long run? By a qualitative and constructivist approach, it mobilizes a range of methodologies: multiple cases study, modelling and experimentation, as well as intervention research.Axis I deals with unstructured interpersonal relationships and contexts of innovation even less fertile than anticipated. Nevertheless, these conflicting initial relationships give way to a collective capacity to explore the unknown by the fact of engaging in co-design. The first managerial act of the genesis of a creative community lies in the capacity to transform, through a collective design activity, conflicts in common "undecidables", without solving them necessarily.Axis II demonstrates that the relational links strengthen as soon as actors engage in the generation of concepts; when they get to share and combine their knowledge in new ways. However, once this transformation has occured, communities need external resources to pursue their expansion. Thus, the second managerial act consists in putting back communities under tension by bringing in independent knowledge.Finally, the management of more elaborate and longer co-design initiatives in the third axis offers solutions to the various intra and inter sessions issues uncovered along the way. It also identifies two additional managerial acts: the consolidation of value and of the creative community, as well as the resolution collective proposals and the opening of new explorations
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Caisse, Sébastien. "Tetrahedral Business Design Framework." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25488/25488.pdf.
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Assgård, Christoffer. "Effektivisering av informationsflödet inom en offentlig organisation." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35600.
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Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka problem den offentliga organisationen har vad gäller informationsflödet inom organisationen samt föreslå en lösning på detta. För att uppnå syftet kommer följande frågeställningar att besvaras: Vilka problem har en offentlig organisation med informationsflödet? Hur kan en kravspecifikation bidra till en effektivisering av informationsflödet inom en offentlig organisation? Metod – För att uppnå studiens syfte och besvara frågeställningarna har en kvalitativ studie utförts på en offentlig organisation. Först utförs semistrukturerade intervjuer, efter det har det teoretiska ramverket skapats ur litteraturstudier för att ge en kunskapsgrund inom området. Ur detta framkommer riktlinjer för skapandet av en kravspecifikation, som ligger till grund för ett mer effektivt informationsflöde inom en offentlig organisation. Den empiri som insamlats på beskrivet sätt har sedan analyserats och jämförts med den insamlade teorin. Detta för att jämföra verkliga det arbetslivet med teorin. Även litteraturstudier har genomförts eftersom det är viktigt att få en stabil bakgrund gällande metoder, teorier och verktyg. Med sin grund i kravspecifikationen skapandes ett lösningsförslag efter att ett val har gjort vilken typ av lösning som är lämplig för ändamålet. Detta gjordes i samrådande med den berörda organisationen. Kravspecifikationen har analyserats mot empirin och teorierna samt skett i samrådande med den berörda organisationen. En demonstration av den slutliga lösningen och uppföljningsintervju utfördes även för att få feedback lösningsförslaget effektiviserade den berörda organisationen informationsflöde. Resultat – Studiens resultat bygger på den insamlade empirin och den utförda litteraturstudien. Resultatet visar att utvecklandet av en artefakt i form riktlinjer för en kravspecifikation som ligger till grund för en vidareutveckling för att effektivisera informationsflödet, har resulterat i en förbättring av informationsflödet inom en offentlig organisation. Kraven som framkom genom semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts vid skapandet av kravspecifikationen. Detta för att få ett bra resultat som löser den berörda organisationen krav och behov, vad det gäller att effektivisera informationsflödet inom en offentlig organisation. Implikationer – Ambitionen i denna studie är att skapa riktlinjer för en kravspecifikation som ligger till grund för en effektivisering av informationsflödet inom en offentlig organisation. Genom studiens resultat fås riktlinjer fram som borde användas av andra utvecklare eller studenter vid liknade projekt. Blomkvist och Hallin (2015) menar att vissa exjobb ger ett metodologiskt bidrag till forskningen detta genom att på ett nytt sätt lösa en organisations praktiska problem. Detta är denna studies kunskapsbidrag. Kunskapsbidraget vad det gäller forskningen inom ämnet informatik, bidrar den till en förbättring av förmedling av information. Detta genom att ta fram och använda riktlinjer för en kravspecifikation som ligger till grund detta. Studien ges stöd genom att ta fram ett riktlinjer för en kravspecifikation i form av en artefakt som ligger till grund vid utvecklingsarbetet. Ytterligare studier kan ses som önskvärt då denna studie endast har inriktat sig på en organisation och för att forskningen ska bli optimal och behöver ytterligare studier inom området utföras. Begränsningar – En studie utfördes på en offentlig organisation och därför blir studien relevant för denna organisation samt för liknade organisationer. Studiens ämnesområden är av varierande djup, eftersom det inte tidsmässigt varit möjligt att gå lika djupt inom alla ämnen.<br>Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of problems a public organization has with their information flow and suggest a solution to the identified problems.To achieve the purpose, will the report answer the following questions: What problems do a public organization have with the information flow? How can a specification contribute to efficiency the flow of information within a public organization? Method – In order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer the research questions, a qualitative study is conducted in a public organization. First, semi-structured interviews have been conducted, and then a literature search is performed to provide a knowledge base in this field. From this emerges a specification that forms the basis for a more efficient flow of information within a public organization. The empirical data, which is collected in the manner described, is then analysed and compared with the collected theory. This is to compare the real working life with the theory. Even literature studies have been carried out because it is important to have a stable background current methods, theories and tools. With its basis in the specification, the proposed solutions was developed after an election has made the kind of solution that is fit for purpose. This was done in consultation with the organization concerned. The requirement specification has been analysed by the empirical data and theories, and occurred in consulting with the organization concerned. A demonstration of the final solution and follow-up interviews were also conducted, to get feedback about the solution improvement of the information flow within the public organization. Findings – The study results are based on the collected empirical data and the conducted literature review. The result shows that development of an artefact in the form of guidelines for a set of requirements that form the basis, for further development solution improvement of the information flow has resulted in an improvement of the information flow within a public organization. The requirements that have been identified; with semi-structured interview have been used to create the specification demands. This is done to get a good result that solves the organizations requirements and needs, in terms of information flow in a public organization. Implications – Blomkvist and Hallin (2015) argues that some thesis provides a methodological contribution to research this, a new way to solve an organization's practical problems. This is this study knowledge contribution. Knowledge contribution in terms of research in informatics, it contributes to an improvement in the distribution of information. This is through the development and use guidelines for a set of requirements that underpin it. The study provides support by producing a guidance on a specification in the form of an artefact that is the basis for development. Further studies may be seen as desirable as this study has only focused on the organization and for research to be optimal and needs further studies in the field carried out. Limitations – The study was conducted in a public organization and therefore the results of the study are specifically relevant for this kind of organizations.
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Matthews, Geoffrey Mark. "Museum, design, organisation : an exploration of spatialities and a project in modelling museum design activity." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4596.
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There were three stages in the process of narrowing and focussing the project. Initially the aim was nothing less than a 'paradigm shift' - to reframe the Praxis of Science as 'Design' using the museum as a microcosmic context in which the complexity of the condition of modernity/postmodernity was amply reflected. This over-ambitious scheme narrowed at first to one of exploring the interdisciplinary problem of the multidimensionality of design. In this, incommensurability and theories of space have to be accommodated in a workable model, and the forms and transformations of the model have then to be 'proved' in a praxiological exposition. Finally, it has become clear that much of the detailed creative work implied in the previous formulation of the project is, to be realistic, of a postdoctoral nature. Therefore, the Ph.D. problem has been focussed even further. The focus is on the development of a multidimensional expression of museum design in the form of a theoretical model and an appraisal of its implications for general theory in organization and design. This involves (1) Background theory - a survey of concepts and theories in modelling, (2) Focal theory - a critique of existing notions of organization and Praxis in museums and in Design, (3) Model theory - the development and presentation of a more adequate scheme, and (4) Contribution - the evaluation of its potential as a generalization. Background Theory: In the first part of the programme it has been necessary to ask a specific question about Philosophy - does any specific paradigm offer an adequate conceptual scheme and 'language' in which to work? And if not, what do so-called post-Philosophical approaches - radical pragmatism, ironism - have to offer in terms of a workable strategy, perhaps one that is recognizably 'designerly' in approach. In addition the definition and clarification of a wide range of incommensurable notions of 'space' has had to be undertaken to be clear that the complexity with which design, in the generic sense, engages has a particular character which is quite distinct from that of disciplines such as Science, History, and Politics which are traditionally inclined towards epochal paradigmatic solidarity and towards contingent epistemological coherence. The designer is, arguably, more of a chameleon than is the scientist or the historian or the politician, more so even than are the novelist and the ethnographer whom Rorty cites as latterly more crucial figures. This 'quixotic' aspect of the designer's position is crucial to any argument about personal integrity and social value: this enigmatic journeyman and traveller follows a lonely path guided by emotional (instinctual) as much as by intellectual and practical imperatives. Focal Theory: The second part of the programme has involved two operations: (1) a critical investigation, in some detail, of the discourses of organization, design and museography/museology; and (2) an opening up of the intervals between them, that is, an exploration their three interfaces - organization-design; design-museum; and museum-organization. Model Theory: By proposing a visible constellation of spatial concepts and exposing the tensions which characterize their performativity, the second part of the programme is drawn towards the final part of the programme. In this the adequacy of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of the specific context of the museum as an organizational type - a creative-administrative nexus - and in terms of its potential value as a generalization. This latter point has involved consideration of the possible 'museal' quality of organization in general and a reappraisal of the values of design above and beyond the institutionalized, professionally delineated and administered discipline of Design practice. Contribution: The conclusions emphasize the difficulty of boundary crossing enterprizes such as this project. A considerable effort has gone into deferring the synthetic instinct that all theory tends, sooner or later, to exemplify. However, not just for the sake of form, I make clear some specific and critical points in relation to the 'new' space established by this investigation of museum-design-organization. The museum design discipline has good reason to expound a communication-led collaborative philosophy and to have the strength to develop its discourse in more sophisticated intellectual circles. In general there is a central message that emerges from the museum-design-organization complex which in one sense bolsters the ironist/new pragmatist stance in engaged theory but also reminds us that to be engaged one must develop skills and capacities that are independent of the logics of language, that are irrational and yet invaluable. And in future the interdisciplinary (as distinct from the multidisciplinary) platform must speak its name and be generous. If one is met with incomprehension, resistance, threat response, or out and out hostility one has failed to understand the nature of design. One does not wait to be invited in, neither does one go straight for the jugular. One makes a home, a communal place, a common ground. One finds the hearth and kindles in it a new flame, a new light. One arranges a meeting of minds prepared to enchant with and to be enchanted by new visions and new stories. And one helps each soul along its journey with no more than a gentle nudge in a promising direction in the certain knowledge that the whole process will need to be repeated tomorrow and that this will remain the case for each tomorrow.
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Roberts, Henri Johan Eduard. "Accountability and responsibility the influence of organisation design on management accounting /." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6573.
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John, Godfaurd A. "A virtual environment for safety-integrated site layout design and organisation." Thesis, Teesside University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410910.
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McIntosh, Richard Ian. "The impact of innovative design on fast tool change methodologies." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242853.
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Hegmann, Torsten. "Molekulares Design am Übergang zwischen lamellarer und kolumnarer Organisation in flüssigkristallinen Systemen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962269417.
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Rochard, Bernard P. "Rolling contact fatigue of railway rails and organisation design for its management." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445126.
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Frost, A. J. "Teaching work design : the analysis of a behavioural simulation of work organisation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305794.
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Wardlaw, Jessica. "Introducing user-centred design : a longitudinal study of a healthcare informatics organisation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1475062/.
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Information System designers report increasing difficulties applying User-Centred Design (UCD) techniques effectively due to the growing complexity of the domains in which they work and the techniques’ prescriptive nature. The rapid growth of “Big Data” and associated analytical tools thus demands closer investigation of UCD activities and processes within the complex and rapidly-changing work domains in which they are designed, developed and used. This thesis reports a longitudinal case study from inside a commercial organisation, through a six-year Action Research collaboration to introduce and embed UCD techniques in the design of health informatics tools in the UK. An assessment of the initial modus operandi is followed by the development of personas with data from interviews, user-generated screen captures and database server log files; these informed the redesign, evaluation and testing of the organisation’s flagship product. Finally, stakeholder interviews explore the wider impact of UCD techniques. In so doing, this thesis shows the value of auto-ethnographic documentation, based on being embedded in a design team and collaborative reflection, for practice-led research; it found the organisation’s culture around UCD was dynamic and design practices can change this culture through, for example, training opportunities and fostering customer relations. Individuals and extrinsic factors played strikingly key roles in reshaping the organisation’s culture; the commitment and resilience of individuals was important for sustaining UCD activities across several reorganisations and changes in business strategy. Finally, this thesis comprehensively presents and evaluates an innovative approach for grounding personas in database server and user-generated content. These findings concern both research and practice by informing the scope of the designer’s role, educational programmes and Action Research collaborations. They call for further attention on the compatibility of design and development processes and suggest that design practice can not only be tailored to organisations, but organisations can be fitted to design practice with the reassessment of the value of some UCD activities. Finally, this thesis can inform approaches to practice-led research, and more effective and efficient strategies for the introduction of UCD techniques to other organisations from the base of their hierarchy.
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Wu, Xianfeng. "The design qualities and spatial organisation for higher education informal learning spaces." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52362/.
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The impact of student populations, the technical revolution and social change have influenced innovations of future campus planning. Along with the evolution of pedagogical theory, the impact reflects the spatial configuration of the learning environment and the consequent student experiences therein. More specifically, the higher education informal learning spaces are increasingly being considered as essential to spatial expansion, meant to enrich the student experiences. How to design successful higher education’s informal learning space raises a broad spectrum of perspectives on different realms. This thesis reviews the considerations for designing informal learning spaces from four perspectives: The Architectural Perspective; the Pedagogical Perspective; the Building Management Perspective and the Spatial Configurational Perspective. The literature review reflects a dearth of empirical research on the impact of the design quality of the spatial organisation of the informal learning space on student experiences. Hence, the aim of this study is to critically assess the design quality of the spatial organisation of informal learning spaces that shape higher education students` spatial perceptions and activities within them. The study provides evidence relating to where, when, what, why and how students behave in informal learning spaces, while identifying the impact of student satisfaction with the design quality of the spatial organisation of informal learning spaces, with regard to the frequencies of student activities. It also explores the spatial design strategy for these contexts to better support the development of higher education’s ideal informal learning space. The case study method is employed to achieve the research aim. A mixed methods design, including the questionnaire, observation, interviews and focus groups, has been employed, at the Diamond at the University of Sheffield and the Newton at Nottingham Trent University. These were meant to study student activities, to obtain student preferences toward the design quality of the informal learning spaces, and to discuss the impact of the design quality upon student experiences. Consequently, the proposed framework of evaluating the informal learning spaces, including seven design quality aspects, the Physical Comfort, the Flexibility, the Socialising, the Openness, the Functionality, the Spatial Hierarchy and the Other Support, are discussed from a student perspective to identify and design better strategies for higher education informal learning spaces. The summaries could become a guideline for the architects and campus planners with the aim of creating better higher education informal learning spaces.
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Jönhill, Mathias, and Andreas Lehner. "Persona : En metod att utveckla och införa persona i en organisation." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1992.
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<p>Abstract</p><p>In this thesis we aim to extend the current theories about a concept called persona. A persona is a model of a user, mostly based on qualitative research and made with such accuracy that it to some extent can be used as a replacement of a real user in a development process and as a communicative tool. We will present a way of constructing this persona without meeting the actual users and follow up with interviews from the organization using them. This will lead to a model over the process of introducing personas as a concept in an organization,previously not familiar with the concept. The model is adapted to also work for projects and organizations where the concept is already known.</p><br><p>Executive summary</p><p>When developing and designing systems or products to be used directly by end users,it is important that these are developed with people in mind. One way to do this is to have close contact between the end user and the developer as can be seen in for example agile development methods. This is however not applicable at all times and therefore the developer need to get the information about the end user some other way.</p><p>Often this is done by a spokesman or project manager for the ordering company who delivers the information to a project manager or spokesman for the systems development company who in turn make sure the developer get the relevant information. Of course this means that sometimes information that could be relevant is missed and sometimes even altered due to misunderstandings or even personal interest.</p><p>One way to deal with this is to have a written description or model of the primary end user that is so correct and accurate that it to some extent could be used as a replacement of the real user. Especially effective is this when making design decisions and as a communicative tool to ensure a common and shared picture of the different needs of the users. Even if a description of the end user has been made, the view of the user is not always shared.</p><p>This thesis will address the problem of creating this description of a user by using the concept of persona, first presented by Alan Cooper 1999 in his book “The Inmates are running the Asylum – Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity”. In our research we show that under certain circumstances, this can be done without actually meeting the real end users by interviewing and observing other people with very similar roles.</p><p>Using this persona as a development tool requires introduction of the concept in the organization as well as introduction of the personas for the actual project. This research is summarized in a model that includes the different steps of creating a persona using several methods and also how to implement this tool in an organization</p><p>or project. For each general step in the model there is a short description which includes the construction of personas and which activities to include in the introduction, either if personas is previously known or not.</p><p>Appendix 10 in this thesis consists of a brief and more hands on guide of the process of creating personas and introducing the concept in an organization. This guide could serve as a quick introduction to the subject and could also be used at a later time to refresh some of the highlights in the process.</p><br><p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Denna uppsats avser utöka befintliga teorier runt konceptet persona. En persona är en modell av en användare, baserad främst på kvalitativa studier, och utvecklad med sådan precision att den till vissa delar kan ersätta en riktig slutanvändare i en utvecklingsprocess samt som ett kommunikationsverktyg. Vi kommer att presentera ett sätt att utveckla denna persona utan att träffa den riktiga slutanvändaren och följa upp med intervjuer från organisationen som använder dem. Detta leder fram till en modell över processen med att utveckla personas samt införandet i en utvecklingsorganisation som tidigare inte har använt sig av konceptet. Modellen är anpassad för att fungera vid införande av persona även i projekt och organisationer där konceptet är känt sedan tidigare.</p>
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Ekstrand, Susanne, and Christina Hansson. "Design och utveckling av IT-verktyg : ger ringar på vattnet i en organisation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1704.
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This Bachelor Thesis in the area of Computer Science and Work Science describes the process of design and development of an IT-tool between the municipality of Ron-neby and TietoEnator a development and consultancy firm, the Gothenburg office. The thesis focuses mainly on the cooperation between the consultant designer and the local municipal. Through cooperation, the organisation is incorporated into the tool and the tool is incorporated into the organisation. Concepts that are central in this thesis are design, cooperation and tailoring. A question raised is, if distance work and extensive cooperation might be a good way of working in the process of design and development, when the organisation is being incorporated into the tool. Advan-tages and disadvantages of this way of working are discussed. Our studies show that distance work is a good complement for personal meet-ings between designer and co-developer. There are several advantages and disadvan-tages with distance work. Through cooperation, the co-developer gains the advantage of being able to affect the tool through proposals of design. This also gives an in-creased opportunity for tailoring in the future. The support to the co-workers in the organisation is important for how the tool will be received. The long-term aspect of the process of design and development of IT is of importance when organisations continually develop and change over time. The IT-tool ought to be flexible and tailorable. In the end of this thesis, some proposals are given concerning cooperative proc-esses of design and development, on the basis of our studies during the work with this Bachelor Thesis.<br>Detta kandidatarbete i datavetenskap och arbetsvetenskap, beskriver design- och utvecklingsprocessen av ett IT-verktyg mellan Ronneby kommun och konsultföretaget TietoEnator, Göteborgskontoret. Rapporten behandlar samarbetet mellan konsult och medutvecklare. I samarbetet förs organisationen in i verktyget och verktyget i organisationen. Begrepp som är centrala i detta samarbete är design, medutveckling och tailoring. En frågeställning som följer rapporten är om distansarbete och medutveckling kan vara ett bra arbetssätt vid design och utveckling av programvara, då organisationen ska föras in i verktyget, samt vilka för- och nackdelar som kan finnas med detta arbetssätt. Våra studier visar att distansarbete är ett bra komplement till personliga möten mellan konsult och medutvecklare. Det finns flera för- och nackdelar med distansarbete. Genom medutvecklingen ges medutvecklaren möjlighet att påverka verktyget genom att komma med designförslag som ger en utökad anpassningsbarhet för framtiden. Förankringen hos medarbetarna i organisationen är betydelsefull för hur de kommer att ta emot verktyget. Långsiktigheten i design- och utvecklingsprocessen har betydelse då organisationer kontinuerligt förändras över tid. Verktyget bör därför vara flexibelt och anpassningsbart. I slutet av rapporten ges förslag på hur en design- och utvecklingsprocess bör genomföras, utifrån författarnas studier under kandidatarbetet.<br>Christina Hansson, from 010806 christina.hansson@bth.se
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Kim, Inhan. "Data representations in an integrated architectural design environment : unified data organisation and management." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307989.
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Louw, Hendrik Johannes. "Integrating management and employee expectations in determining organisation-specific performance appraisal systems' design." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292009-131712/.
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Segon, Michael John. "Institutionalising ethical cultures: an investigation of formal organisational approaches." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16179/.
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This thesis examined the institutionalisation of ethics within Australian organisations. A particular focus is the role of the strategic apex, or executive level of the organisation, in establishing the environment in which an ethical culture can develop. The literature review examined both organisational theory and existing approaches to developing organisational ethical culture using formal mechanisms such as written policies, procedures, training and development and reinforcement strategies. This revealed the polarisation of ethics literature between compliance and integrity based approaches. This is seen to be consistent with only two forms of organizations, the mechanistic and organic structures. This was identified as a major flaw in ethics literature as it does not inform organisations about appropriate ethical design for organisations that fall in between this continuum. The review of organisational theory concluded that components of organisational structure are used to discuss organisational moral responsibility and are also the components of the compliance and integrity approaches to organisational ethics. A tentative hypothesis was established that organisational ethics systems would be more effective if they are in fit with an organisation's structure. The study utilised a qualitative case based research method, argued as appropriate given the focus being strategic alignment of organisational structure and ethics frameworks. Thus was also recognised as having limitations, specifically not addressing the behavioural impact of such strategies in a significant way. The study examined the ethical frameworks of three large organisations. This included: an analysis of background to the ethics strategy, the design process, who was given responsibility for design and implementation of the framework. The major characteristics of the program was considered, how it was encultured throughout the organisation and consideration of any evaluation mechanism. This was contrasted against the organization's structural characteristics to establish whether the ethical framework was in fit with the structure of the organization. The analysis and discussion identified that senior management support was evident in all three case studies and crucial to the development of an ethical culture. Extensive written policies (codes of ethics and conduct) were identified in all three cases; however, the extent of appropriate support systems determined the degree to which these policies were effective. There was a general lack of understanding of ethical systems within the organisation with little expertise evident by those responsible for the programs in terms of appropriate strategies for enculturation. Ineffective strategies were mainly due to lack of appropriate support mechanisms (communication, training, reinforcement and reward and review) or inconsistency between support mechanisms and other organisational policies A major conclusion of the thesis is that the strategies used for enculturation of ethics, are basic organisational design variables. As such ethical frameworks need to be informed by organisational theory so as to design systems that achieve fit which leads to greater effectiveness.
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Perry, Mark Julian. "Distributed cognition and computer supported collaborative design : the organisation of work in construction engineering." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5459.
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The intellectual contribution of this thesis lies within the area of computer supported co-operative work (CSCW), and more specifically, computer supported co-operative design (CSCD). CSCW is concerned with the development of information systems and technological support for multi-participant work activities. Research into CSCW seeks to understand how people and organisations interact with one another, and to integrate this understanding with the development of computer based tools to support real world settings. Much of the technology developed to support the work of designers has been developed to aid individuals working alone, with tools like computer aided drafting (CAD), scheduling, and database software. The growth of interest in ‘groupware’ has led many technology developers to adapt these design tools for use in group situations. However, joint activities are different from those performed alone, and organisational structures can both interfere with, and supplement co-operative work practices in a way that the current technologies cannot provide support for. To develop effective group design tools, we need to understand more about collaborative processes in design. This thesis draws from the theoretical underpinning of cognitive science and the methods of anthropology and sociology, in an interdisciplinary study of design performance in the construction industry. Fieldwork is used as a method of qualitative data collection and this is examined within the analytic framework of distributed cognition. The results of this analysis provide a useful and usable description of the work of design that technology developers can use to support collaborative design work. In line with the methods of distributed cognition, the activities observed in the workplace studies are examined in terms of their processes and representations. The resources that were available to the design participants are made explicit, as are their situation-specific work patterns. Two case studies of design are examined. The first of these describes design work in a civil engineering project, which involves a number of different design activities. The second describes the work of consulting engineers in building design, focusing on a more limited design role, which is used to back up and supplement areas of the first study that were understood to be particularly relevant. The findings of the study demonstrate how design processes operate simultaneously at personal, organisational and inter-organisational levels. The distinction between the formal, organisational procedures, and the informal, social processes that compliment them is examined to show how these are interrelated in the performance of the design task and their importance to the mechanisms used to co-ordinate actions. The findings of the study have implications for the development of novel technologies to augment the engineering design process, and have already been used in the development of assistive design technologies. The thesis demonstrates that the framework of distributed cognition can be used in the analysis of cognition within a setting, involving multiple individuals, in concert with 'natural' and 'artificial' artefacts. The thesis makes clear a number of processes in design that can only be examined from a perspective which includes the social dimensions of work. The methods of study focus on the resources in collaborative activities, whilst the analysis, structured in terms of the representations and processes of collaborative activity, shows that the method can be used effectively in the development of CSCW and CSCD technologies.
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Drews, Franziska. "Designing meta-organisations : an empirical study of boundary setting in large infrastructure projects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/designing-metaorganisations-an-empirical-study-of-boundary-setting-in-large-infrastructure-projects(b0237252-8f61-45da-9b4f-9a7f1bf42c17).html.
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This study examines the organisational architecture of megaproject meta-organisations; that is project-based organisations formed to deliver one-off, capital-intensive systems. It investigates how the organisation that promotes the megaproject - the buyer organisation - divides and allocates the scope of the development work during the delivery phase across multiple suppliers. In so doing, the buyer organisation sets organisational boundaries around its own work and that of each project supplier: effectively creating the megaproject meta- organisation architecture. We use organisation design literature as the main cognitive lens to understand the architecture of megaproject organisations. This literature posits that organisational boundaries can be understood by examining the interplay of four logics: i) Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), ii) capabilities, iii) power and iv) organisational identity. The impact of these four logics on organisational boundaries has been theorised extensively in the context of the enduring firm. Here, we seek to extend our knowledge of boundaries in megaproject organisations. Unlike the enduring firm, megaproject organisations do not operate in efficient markets, are set up to have a finite-lifespan and are highly interdependent with their environment. Megaproject organisations are also a critical form of organising addressing one of the grand challenges of our time: the provision of basic infrastructure. Yet, little is known about the architecture of megaproject organisations. To address this theoretical and empirical gap, we undertook a multiple case research. We conducted an in-depth analysis of the procurement choices for four large infrastructure assets: the London Olympics 2012, Crossrail, Thames Tideway Tunnel and Heathrow's Terminal 2. The research results in the development of an original conceptual framework that illuminates how the four complementary logics are brought to bear in the organisational design choices that determine megaproject architectures. The study contends that the organisational boundaries, which demarcate the work of each supplier, are the outcome of a reconciliation of efficiency concerns and considerations about the capabilities available in-house and in the supplier market. Importantly, this reconciliation is context-sensitive. Hence, the solution space for potential organisational architectures is constrained by considerations related to power and organisational identity. Power constraints are rooted in the interdependency of the buyer with its environment, including regulatory-political and ownership relations, as well as its bargaining position vis a vis suppliers. Organisational identity constraints relate to the buyer organisation's identity, which is both pre- given and developed through self-selection over time.
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Pereda, Macias Asier. "The organisation of the boundary spanning government affairs units." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672171.
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Malgrat la importància estratègica de l’activitat política corporativa (APC) i els esforços realitzats per a estudiar les seves diferents característiques, hi ha pocs estudis sobre com poden les empreses organitzar i gestionar les seves unitats d’assumptes governamentals (AG) d’una manera més efectiva. Aquesta tesi tracta de contribuir a millorar la comprensió d’aquesta important àrea de l’APC. En concret, aquesta tesi es centra en explorar com les empreses poden dissenyar les seves unitats d’AG de forma que puguin millorar la seva capacitat de processar informació. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’ha utilitzat la metodologia de l’estudi de cas. El focus d’anàlisi és la unitat d’AG de les grans empreses i les seves activitats de tractament de la informació. Aquesta unitat canalitza el flux d’informació entre les unitats de negoci internes de l’empresa i el seu entorn polític exterior. Basant-se en la teoria de disseny organitzatiu, aquesta tesi mostra els antecedents organitzatius de l’APC. Finalment, aquesta tesi mostra als professionals un conjunt de mecanismes organitzatius, complementaris entre si, que poden utilitzar les unitats d’AG per a millorar la seva capacitat de gestionar la informació política.<br>A pesar de la importancia estratégica de la actividad política corporativa (APC) y de los esfuerzos realizados para estudiar sus diferentes características, hay pocos estudios sobre cómo las empresas pueden organizar y gestionar sus unidades de asuntos gubernamentales (AG) de una manera más efectiva. Esta tesis trata de contribuir a mejorar la comprensión sobre este importante aspecto de la APC. En concreto, esta tesis se centra en explorar cómo las empresas pueden diseñar sus unidades de AG de manera que puedan mejorar su capacidad de procesar información. Con este objetivo, se ha empleado la metodología del estudio de caso. El foco de análisis es la unidad de AG de las grandes empresas y sus actividades de tratamiento de la información. Esta unidad canaliza el flujo de información entre las unidades de negocio internas de la empresa y su entorno político exterior. Basándose en la teoría de diseño organizativo, esta tesis muestra los antecedentes organizativos de la APC. Finalmente, esta tesis muestra a los profesionales un conjunto de mecanismos organizativos, complementarios entre sí, que pueden emplear las unidades de AG para mejorar su capacidad de gestionar la información política.<br>Despite the strategic importance of firms’ corporate political activity (CPA) and the efforts to study its different aspects, little has been researched about how firms can organise and manage their government affairs (GA) units more effectively. This thesis seeks to shed further light into this relevant aspect of CPA. Specifically, the focus of this thesis is on exploring how firms can design their GA units in ways to improve their ability to perform their information processing activities. To this end, this thesis relies on the case study methodology. The empirical focus is the GA unit working in large firms and its information processing activities as a boundary-spanning unit. This unit mediates the flow of information between its external political environment and the firms’ internal business units. Drawing on organisational design theory, this thesis contributes to CPA scholarship by exposing organisational antecedents of CPA. Ultimately, this thesis offers practitioners a set of mutually-reinforcing organizational mechanisms that can be put in place to improve the ability of their GA units to manage political information.
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Reunkrilerk, Dorian. "La force du signal faible : rôle des médias pour l’intégration du design au sein des organisations : une contribution sémio-pragmatique de la médiation au design." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT014.
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Le développement des organisations se réalise aujourd'hui par un recours intensif au projet innovant et aux méthodes réplicables du design thinking dont une partie de la littérature pointe le caractère non situé. Cette thèse vise à comprendre les conditions favorisant une intégration située du design dans les organisations. A la croisée des sciences du Design et les sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, il apparaît que le concept de médiation permet de considérer les « médias » comme la possibilité matérielle, sensible, et symbolique d'ouvrir à des transformations. Cette recherche a été réalisée au sein d'un centre R&D de l'industrie de la métallurgie. Au terme de cette immersion, nous proposons une approche basée sur la notion de « signe faible », consistant à identifier ce qui, au sein d'une organisation fondée sur la conception réglée, peut donner lieu à des pratiques de design. Il ne s'agit alors pas d'opposer les pratiques mais de comprendre comment elles peuvent se compléter. Afin de détailler cette notion, nous présentons les trois étapes dans le traitement d'un signe faible : l'identification, l'augmentation et l'appropriation. Cette approche de la médiation affirme que le potentiel de transformation d'une organisation réside déjà au sein de son infrastructure et qu'il correspond à des signes faibles d'une pratique de design. Elle enrichit l'approche centrée « média » du design en définissant cette activité à partir des médias et des médiations qui la constituent. Enfin, elle permet d'ouvrir une réflexion sur le rôle de la médiation dans l'acte de design favorisant un rapport inventif au système de classifications d'un praticien<br>The development of organizations is fulfilled by an intensive use of innovative projects and replicable methods of design thinking, of which part of the literature points out the non-situated approach. This thesis aims at understanding the conditions leading to a situated integration of design in organizations. At the crossroads of Design sciences and Information and Communication sciences, it appears that the concept of mediation can help us to consider "media" as the material, sensitive and symbolic possibility of opening up to transformations. This research was conducted within an R&D center in the metallurgy industry. At the end of this immersion, we are proposing an approach based on the notion of "weak sign", consisting in identifying what, within an organization based on systematic design, can give rise to design practices. Therefore, it is not about opposing these practices but rather to understand how they can complement each other. In order to develop this notion, we will present the three stages to process a weak sign: identifying, enhancing and assimilating. This approach affirms that potential for transformation already resides within an organization's infrastructure and corresponds to weak signs in design practices. It enriches the “media” centered approach to design by helping to define this activity as based on media and mediations. Finally, it makes it possible to initiate a reflection on the role of mediation in the act of design supporting an inventive relation to the system of classifications of a practitioner
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Rännare, Angelica. "Nya Dataskyddsförordningens påverkan på en organisation : En fallstudie med fokus på privacy by design." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13718.
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Detta arbete har till syfte att studera den nya dataskyddsförordningen General Data Protection Regulation´s (GDPR) utmaningar och påverkan på både organisation samt system. Fokus i arbetet har varit på det specifika kravet privacy by design som är en del av GDPR. GDPR-förordningen kommer träda i kraft den 25 maj 2018. Eftersom GDPR är en ny förordning så har det inte skett forskning i större utsträckning i ämnet ännu. Den forskning som har skett inom området har mestadels varit inom juridiken. Detta resulterar i att ämnet är högaktuellt att undersökas eftersom ny kunskap kommer tillkomma genom detta arbete. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka hur GDPR genom sina krav påverkar en organisation och hur hänsyn tas till det specifika kravet privacy by design. Det kommer också undersökas vilka krav som ställs på teknik och funktioner. Genom att göra detta kommer kunskap tas fram om och hur en organisation förbereder sig och vad som krävs för att uppfylla kraven med GDPR. Privacy by design är en filosofi på hur inbyggd integritet kan användas för att skydda och bygga in den personliga integriteten i system. Den baseras på sju principer som skall användas för att förstå hur integritet kan skyddas. Men likt alla lösningar finns det utmaningar. Det är dessa utmaningar som arbetet skall undersöka och för att utifrån resultatet ge rekommendationer som förhoppningsvis kan användas för att få en överblick hur en organisation ligger i fas med privacy by design, som är en del av GDPR. Baserat på organisationens svar kommer rekommendationer ges för hur organisationen skulle kunna förbättra sitt arbete ytterligare. Metoden som använts till stöd för detta arbete är en fallstudie av kvalitativ art, och innefattar intervjuer med personer från en organisation inom säkerhetsbranschen som utvecklar metoder samt mjukvara för informationssäkerhetsarbete. Organisationen som har undersökts befinner sig i startgroparna för säkerställandet av GDPR och har gjort en inledande analys av läget. Fyra intervjuer har legat till grund för studien och på dessa har en innehållsanalys genomförts. Med hjälp av analysen så framträder en tydlig bild av hur arbetet kan se ut, i samband med lagförändringen ur privacy by design-perspektivet. För att ta reda på detta har en organisation som arbetar med informationssäkerhet och mjukvaruutveckling undersökts. Till arbetet utvecklades en frågeguide och en sammanfattning av principer, som är relaterade till privacy by design. Det har visat sig att organisationen som undersöktes till stora delar arbetar med privacy by design, men har ytterligare utmaningar att bemöta. Analys och diskussion av intervjuerna har resulterat i rekommendationer till organisationen angående hur de kan stärka upp sitt informationssäkerhetsarbete ytterligare. Dessutom har en frågeguide, som återfinns i bilagorna, tagits fram och denna kan användas av andra organisationer som önskar undersöka hur de ligger till i sitt arbete med GDPR:s krav på privacy by design.<br>The purpose of this work is to study the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and what challenges and impact this regulation can have on both organization and systems. The focus of the work will be on the specific requirement “privacy by design” that is one part of GDPR. The GDPR will come into force on May 25, 2018. Since the GDPR is a new regulation, there has been little research on the subject yet. The research that has taken place in the field has mostly been in the field of law. This results in the subject being highly relevant for further studies, since this work will unravel new information. The purpose of the work is to investigate how GDPR, through its requirements, affects an organization and how to take into account the specific requirement of privacy by design. It will also be investigated which demands are made of technology and functions. By doing this, knowledge will come about if and how an organization prepares and what it takes to meet the requirements of the GDPR. Privacy by design is a philosophy of how built-in integrity can be used to protect and integrate the personal integrity of systems. It is based on seven principles that will be used to understand how integrity can be protected. But like all solutions there are challenges. These are the challenges that the work will investigate, and as a result give recommendations that hopefully can be used to get an overview of how an organization, is in phase with privacy by design, which is part of GDPR. Based on the organization's response, recommendations will be given for how the organization could further improve its work. The method used to support this work is of a qualitative nature and includes interviews with persons from an organization in the security industry that develop methods and software for information security work. The organization that has been investigated is in the pitfalls for ensuring GDPR and has conducted an initial analysis of the situation. The foundation of this study relies on four interviews, on which a content analysis was made. Through this analysis, a clear picture emerges of how the work with upcoming challenges can present itself, with the changes regarding the new law concerning privacy by design. In order to investigate this, an organisation that works with information security and software development has been scrutinized. As a part of the study, a questionnaire and a summary of the principles relevant to privacy by design, was developed. The conclusion was that the scrutinized organisation generally does work with privacy by design, but still has some challenges to face. The analysis and discussion of the interviews resulted in recommendations for the organization on how to further strengthen their work with information security. Furthermore, a questionnaire, which can be found in the appendix, has been developed, and can be used by other organizations wishing to examine their progress on the work with implementing the GDPR requirements regarding privacy by design.
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Armstrong, Leah. "Designing a profession : the structure, organisation and identity of the design profession in Britain, 1930-2010." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0e7f4dee-3976-4bac-a4a0-6c95b8dc9412.
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Since the establishment of the Society of Industrial Artists (SIA) in 1930, the professional identity of the designer has been a subject of critical debate. This thesis uncovers the histories of this debate, paying particular attention to the structures, organisations and social practices that have governed, represented and given meaning to the identity of the designer in Britain, 1930-2010. Principally informed by close scrutiny of the archive of the Chartered Society of Designers, (CSD), the thesis argues that the design profession is constructed through reflexive social practices, in which the designer has been, and remains, an active agent. It contends that the structure, organisation and identity of the design profession is not fixed or immutable, but fluid, responsive and contingent upon shifting dynamics, internal and external to the profession.
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Segon, Michael John. "Institutionalising ethical cultures: an investigation of formal organisational approaches." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16179/1/Michael_Segon_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the institutionalisation of ethics within Australian organisations. A particular focus is the role of the strategic apex, or executive level of the organisation, in establishing the environment in which an ethical culture can develop.
The literature review examined both organisational theory and existing approaches to developing organisational ethical culture using formal mechanisms such as written policies, procedures, training and development and reinforcement strategies. This revealed the polarisation of ethics literature between compliance and integrity based approaches. This is seen to be consistent with only two forms of organizations, the mechanistic and organic structures. This was identified as a major flaw in ethics literature as it does not inform organisations about appropriate ethical design for organisations that fall in between this continuum. The review of organisational theory concluded that components of organisational structure are used to discuss organisational moral responsibility and are also the components of the compliance and integrity approaches to organisational ethics. A tentative hypothesis was established that organisational ethics systems would be more effective if they are in fit with an organisation's structure.
The study utilised a qualitative case based research method, argued as appropriate given the focus being strategic alignment of organisational structure and ethics frameworks. Thus was also recognised as having limitations, specifically not addressing the behavioural impact of such strategies in a significant way. The study examined the ethical frameworks of three large organisations. This included: an analysis of background to the ethics strategy, the design process, who was given responsibility for design and implementation of the framework. The major characteristics of the program was considered, how it was encultured throughout the organisation and consideration of any evaluation mechanism. This was contrasted against the organization's structural characteristics to establish whether the ethical framework was in fit with the structure of the organization.
The analysis and discussion identified that senior management support was evident in all three case studies and crucial to the development of an ethical culture. Extensive written policies (codes of ethics and conduct) were identified in all three cases; however, the extent of appropriate support systems determined the degree to which these policies were effective. There was a general lack of understanding of ethical systems within the organisation with little expertise evident by those responsible for the programs in terms of appropriate strategies for enculturation. Ineffective strategies were mainly due to lack of appropriate support mechanisms (communication, training, reinforcement and reward and review) or inconsistency between support mechanisms and other organisational policies
A major conclusion of the thesis is that the strategies used for enculturation of ethics, are basic organisational design variables. As such ethical frameworks need to be informed by organisational theory so as to design systems that achieve fit which leads to greater effectiveness.
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Smith, Paul Alexander. "Workplace design in the knowledge economy : a case of the NetWorkPlace™©." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35775/1/Paul_Smith_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores a way to inform the architectural design process for contemporary workplace environments. It reports on both theoretical and practical outcomes through an exclusively Australian case study of a network enterprise comprised of collaborative, yet independent business entities. The internet revolution, substantial economic and cultural shifts, and an increased emphasis on lifestyle considerations have prompted a radical re-ordering of organisational relationships and the associated structures, processes, and places of doing business. The social milieu of the information age and the knowledge economy is characterised by an almost instantaneous flow of information and capital. This has culminated in a phenomenon termed by Manuel Castells as the network society, where physical locations are joined together by continuous communication and virtual connectivity. A new spatial logic encompassing redefined concepts of space and distance, and requiring a comprehensive shift in the approach to designing workplace environments for today’s adaptive, collaborative organisations in a dynamic business world, provides the backdrop for this research. Within the duality of space and an augmentation of the traditional notions of place, organisational and institutional structures pose new challenges for the design professions. The literature revealed that there has always been a mono-organisational focus in relation to workplace design strategies. The phenomenon of inter-organisational collaboration has enabled the identification of a gap in the knowledge relative to workplace design. This new context generated the formulation of a unique research construct, the NetWorkPlace™©, which captures the complexity of contemporary employment structures embracing both physical and virtual work environments and practices, and provided the basis for investigating the factors that are shaping and defining interactions within and across networked organisational settings. The methodological orientation and the methods employed follow a qualitative approach and an abductively driven strategy comprising two distinct components, a cross-sectional study of the whole of the network and a longitudinal study, focusing on a single discrete workplace site. The complexity of the context encountered dictated that a multi-dimensional investigative framework was required to be devised. The adoption of a pluralist ontology and the reconfiguration of approaches from traditional paradigms into a collaborative, trans-disciplinary, multi-method epistemology provided an explicit and replicatable method of investigation. The identification and introduction of the NetWorkPlace™© phenomenon, by necessity, spans a number of traditional disciplinary boundaries. Results confirm that in this context, architectural research, and by extension architectural practice, must engage with what other disciplines have to offer. The research concludes that no single disciplinary approach to either research or practice in this area of design can suffice. Pierre Bourdieau’s philosophy of ‘practice’ provides a framework within which the governance and technology structures, together with the mechanisms enabling the production of social order in this context, can be understood. This is achieved by applying the concepts of position and positioning to the corporate power dynamics, and integrating the conflict found to exist between enterprise standard and ferally conceived technology systems. By extending existing theory and conceptions of ‘place’ and the ‘person-environment relationship’, relevant understandings of the tensions created between Castells’ notions of the space of place and the space of flows are established. The trans-disciplinary approach adopted, and underpinned by a robust academic and practical framework, illustrates the potential for expanding the range and richness of understanding applicable to design in this context. The outcome informs workplace design by extending theoretical horizons, and by the development of a comprehensive investigative process comprising a suite of models and techniques for both architectural and interior design research and practice, collectively entitled the NetWorkPlace™© Application Framework. This work contributes to the body of knowledge within the design disciplines in substantive, theoretical, and methodological terms, whilst potentially also influencing future organisational network theories, management practices, and information and communication technology applications. The NetWorkPlace™© as reported in this thesis, constitutes a multi-dimensional concept having the capacity to deal with the fluidity and ambiguity characteristic of the network context, as both a topic of research and the way of going about it.
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Grange, Zoé. "La place de l'anthropologie dans le processus de production des innovations : analyse des conditions de production, diffusion et réception de l'anthropologie en entreprise." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB194.
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L'ambition de cette thèse est d'interroger une forme d'anthropologie émergente - l'anthropologie appliquée à des projets d'innovation en entreprise - dans un contexte où les opportunités de carrière à l'université sont minces, et l'intérêt des entreprises privées pour de nouveaux profils, croissant. Cette recherche appréhende les conditions de production, diffusion et réception de l'anthropologie appliquée à la consommation et à l'innovation en entreprise. Elle s'appuie pour cela sur les théories sociologiques de la consommation, de l'innovation et des organisations, ainsi que sur l'analyse approfondie du projet « IH » mené au sein de l'agence de design et d'innovation « IP » avec une dizaine d'industries partenaires sur le thème de l'habitat. Les données recueillies en situation relèvent d'une approche anthropologique et d'une approche sociologique qualitative, basées sur l'induction et sur les échelles micro et méso-sociales. Cette recherche questionne l'inscription de la pratique anthropologique dans le processus de production des innovations du projet « IH » comme une innovation pour les champs académique et professionnel, à partir d'une « participation observante » sur le terrain, en interrogeant un système d'acteurs inscrits directement ou indirectement dans une logique de projet. L'analyse des conditions de production, diffusion et réception de l'enquête anthropologique au sein d'un tel projet révèle que la pratique anthropologique se négocie à travers des interactions ancrées dans des relations de pouvoir, se renouvelle en fonction des contraintes et des effets de situation et se diffuse lorsqu'il y a usage, appropriation et donc réinterprétation de la matière. L'appropriation du travail anthropologique repose en effet sur un réenchantement de la réalité en phase de création, notamment parce que les acteurs du projet sont énormément déroutés par les pratiques des consommateurs dans leur espace domestique. Cette recherche suggère finalement que l'anthropologie appliquée à l'innovation et à la consommation au sein de l'agence « IP » est le fruit d'un « bricolage » qui repose sur une transgression du patrimoine académique et des normes régulant les pratiques d'innovation. Cette thèse fait donc l'éloge de la diversité, en reconnaissant la valeur de la pluralité des formes d'application de l'anthropologie ; l'éloge du mouvement, en mettant en exergue une potentielle évolution du paradigme scientifique de l'anthropologie ; et l'éloge du métissage, en montrant que la diffusion suppose très souvent une part de réinterprétation qui n'est pas compatible avec la volonté de préserver la pureté supposée de la pratique anthropologique<br>The goal of this thesis is to question an emerging kind of anthropology - anthropology applied to innovation projects within companies - and to do so in a context where career opportunities at the university are limited, and where the interest of private companies in new profiles is growing. Our research focuses on the conditions of production, diffusion and reception of anthropology applied to consumption and innovation in companies. To that end, it is based sociological theories of consumption, innovation and organisation, and on the "IH" project conducted via an in-depth analysis of "IP" innovation and design agency, along with about ten partner industries in relation to the habitat theme. Data collected in situ are analysed from anthropological and qualitative sociological approaches, based on induction and on micro and mesa-social scales. This research questions the inscription of anthropological practice within the "IH" project's innovations' production process as an innovation for professional and academic fields, based on observer participation, querying the system of actors directly or indirectly involved. The analysis of the conditions of reception, diffusion and production of the project shows that anthropological practice has to negotiate interactions anchored in power relationships, is renewed through constraints and situation effects, and is propagated when there is field data use, appropriation and re-interpretation. An appropriation of an anthropological study is based on a form of "re-enchantment" of the phase of creation, in particular because the project actors were much confused by consumers' practices in their domestic environment. Our research concludes by suggesting that anthropology when applied to innovation and consumption in the "IP" agency, results from a « bricolage » based on a transgression of academic approaches and of the norms that regulate innovation practices. This thesis therefore celebrates diversity, by recognizing the value of a plurality anthropology of the ways anthropology is applied; it celebrated the notion of movement, highlighting the potential evolution of the scientific paradigm of anthropology; and celebrates hybridation by showing that diffusion very often involves a form of re-interpretation that does not fit with the desire to protect the supposed purity of anthropological practice
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Kissani, Ilham. "A contribution to supply chain design under uncertainty." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25733/25733.pdf.
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Herfurth, Lorenz. "Organisations as artefacts : an inquiry into hidden design activities within situated organisational contexts." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/86225/.
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The overall aim of this PhD is to provide insights into the hidden and socially-distributed design activities and behaviours through which members of an organisation contribute to its shape. How do those who are part of the organisational artefact contribute to the design of the artefact? Looking at an organisation as an artefact on the one hand acknowledges the human-made process that brings organisations into existence and the possibility that an organisation is a product of human action. On the other hand it raises questions with regard to the properties of this artefact and the design activities that lead to its existence or influence its development. A paradox is represented by the circumstance that an organisation is both made by and, at the same time, “consists” of humans. A small sample qualitative multi-case study was selected as the research strategy. One case is a retrospective study of an architectural construction project for a higher education institution in the UK, the other is a live study of a mass participation music performance that took place in a major UK city. Together they combine the wealth of material from a longitudinal and retrospective study with the detailed insights obtained from live observation. Analysis is partially grounded, prioritising an understanding emerging from the data itself rather than applying a specific concept to identify themes accordingly. However, fundamental understandings of design are applied to understand whether the design activities identified cohere with existing approaches or provide novel insights into hidden design actions. In both cases the findings confirm the existence of hidden and socially-distributed design actions in processes of organisational design. While fundamental indicators of design change are identifiable in selected events, novel characteristics add to existing understandings of design. Contributions this PhD makes concern the identification and description of hidden design activities within communities of non-expert, silent designers and the empirically supported specification of organisations as socially-designed artefacts. Specifically, the findings lead to the articulation of three contributions: design-before- design, an approach that promotes the acknowledgement of unique organisational settings before design interventions, socially-distributed design as an empirically supported extension of silent design and the resulting description of case studies as self-referential artefacts.
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Djonov, Emilia Nikolaeva School of English & School of Modern Language Studies UNSW. "Analysing the organisation of information in websites: from hypermedia design to systemic functional hypermedia discourse analysis." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of English and School of Modern Language Studies, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23915.
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To date, hypertext and hypermedia research has principally studied the influence of separate features of hypermedia texts on information retrieval. By contrast, this thesis explores the meanings of hypermedia texts and the effects of these meanings on free website exploration. In particular, the study focuses on those meanings which can reveal how information is organised in websites and on the construal of such meanings through the interplay of hyperlinks, visual, verbal, audio and kinetic resources in generically hybrid hypermedia texts. This focus is motivated by research showing that understanding how information is organised in hypermedia texts is crucial for users' successful orientation within them. To achieve its aim, this research studies six websites for children and the navigation paths of fourteen children through one of them, and draws on interviews with the websites' producers and the children. The thesis connects the professional field of hypermedia design with systemic functional theory and systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis (SF MDA). As a result, it offers two tools for hypermedia discourse analysis, which are based on and illustrated through the analyses of five of the websites. The first is the system of HYPERTEXTUAL DISTANCE. Designed to analyse the potential of hyperlinks to reveal, obscure or transcend the textual organisation of a website, this system is built by reconceptualising from a SF MDA perspective a central principle for organising information in websites - website hierarchy. The second tool is the framework for analysing logicosemantic relations in hypermedia. Its categories describe the ideational relations that hold together information presented on the same webpage or on different webpages, which may or may not be hyperlinked with each other. Through the analyses of the sixth website and the navigation paths through it, the thesis exemplifies how both tools, independently and together, can be employed to explore the interdependence of website design and navigation. The discussion of selected results from these analyses, supported by the views of the research participants, identifies ways in which the tools proposed in this thesis can be applied in hypermedia design, evaluation and literacy education and complemented with other tools for hypermedia discourse analysis.
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Salah, Mohamed. "Structural prerequisites for the design of information systems : a cybernetic diagnosis of a steel distribution organisation." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14425.
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Information systems design has been strongly influenced by computer technology. However, there are other aspects which can also influence information systems design. It seems that organisational design can greatly influence the success of information systems design. In this thesis we set out to investigate this very issue. This research begins by the discussion of information systems design. The conclusion from this initial probing of the subject is that an information system is a mirror image of the organisation for which it is designed. Also, the notion of the hierarchical structure is built into the models of informations systems and information systems design methodologies. This is being the case, the logical step to follow is to investigate the models of the organisation. The remaining chapters of part I are devoted to discussing models of the organisation. It is argued that, apart from the cybernetic model, none of the other models provide good enough basis for information processing and transmission. These models may differ in certain aspects; however, they are all (except the cybernetic model) built on the hierarchical notion of the organisation. It is argued that an hierarchical structure is a major hindrance to the smooth flow of information inside an organisation. As to the cybernetic model, as exarnplified by Beer's viable system model (VSM), the picture is fundamentally different. This model discards the traditional notion of hierarchy, and replaces it by that of logical hierarchy. The model of organisation it provides is built around the information needs of the organisation. The organisation is provided by an elaborate network to facilitate its internal functioning, and enable it adapt to its environment. Since it is our chosen model of the organisation for providing a suitable basis for information systems design, the totality of part II is dedicated to this model. In part III we set out to test the model. The means by which this is carried out is an emirical investigation of a steel distribution organisation. In this empirical part the model proved to be a very powerful diagnostic tool. By mapping the model onto the organisation in question we could discover that the problems of information processing and transmission of the organisation are largely due to its faulty design. Before we can seriously attempt to redesign its information system, we must look into the organisation itself. In other words, there need be certain structural prerequisites for successful information system design.
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Umashev, Claudine Francoise. "Design and implementation criteria for the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard in a public sector organisation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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Åhlin, Emma, and Nina Karlsson. "I betraktaren ögon : en studie om organisationskultur." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2670.
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<p>Man brukar säga att allt ligger i betraktarens öga och det gäller även när man pratar om organisationer. Hur en organisation uppfattas har att göra med hur andra ser på den. Genom att studera organisationer och granska miljön och medlemmarnas beteenden kan man skapa sig en bredare uppfattning om en organisations kultur. Forskare har kommit fram till att en organisations kultur är de normer, värderingar och beteenden som finns inom organisationen och uttrycks via artefakter. Artefakterna kan tolkas för att beskriva organisationens kultur och identitet. Detta har gjorts i den här studien då syftet var att utifrån intressenters perspektiv undersöka hur tre organisationer i skilda branscher kommunicerar sin identitet genom artefakter. Branscherna som ingått i studien är bygg-, finans- och IT-branschen. För att genomföra detta har en kvalitativ metod, i huvudsak observationsstudier hos tre organisationer i skilda branscher, tillämpats. Som underlag för studien har teorierna The Organizational Identity Dynamics Model, The VCI Alignment Model och Scheins tre kulturnivåer använts och begreppen symboler och fysisk struktur har även förklarats. För att hitta återkommande mönster som kan visa organisationernas identitet har insamlad data omstrukturerats gång på gång och genom detta kunde en bild av varje organisation skapas och slutsatser dras.</p><p>Organisationen inom byggbranschen uttryckte sin identitet tydligast genom konst, logotyp och symboler då de exempelvis hade byggmotiv på sina tavlor och sin logotyp samt symbol på ett flertal ställen i sin lokal. Genom detta uppfattades organisationen vara professionell, ha hög arbetsmoral, är mycket medvetna om sig själva som organisation och den bransch de arbetar i och är tydliga med att marknadsföra sig. Utöver detta värderar de även de enskilda individerna högt och tycker att det är viktigt att man har en stark gemenskap. Organisationen inom finansbranschen uttryckte sig tydligast genom sitt samarbete och sitt kommunikationsmönster då dem satt fokuserade i arbetsgrupper och diskuterade flitigt. Organisationen uppfattades som neutral och att de värderar arbetsuppgifter och funktionalitet högt. Organisationen inom IT-branschen förmedlade sin identitet tydligast genom sin inredning, logotyp och symboler eftersom att större delen av dess inredning gick i enhetliga färger och former. Dess identitet visade på att organisationen är väldigt medvetna om vad de visar upp och måna om att marknadsföra sig, de är moderna och följer med i samhällets utveckling. Studien därmed visar att organisationer i skilda branscher kan uttrycka sin identitet på olika sätt och med hjälp av olika artefakter. <em><em></em></em></p><br><p>Everything can be observed in different ways depending on who observes it. This can also be applied to how organizations can be analyzed. What views one have of an organization depends on how other sees it. You can get a wider understanding of the organizational culture through studying the organization and reviewing the behavior of the members in the organization. According to researchers, organizational cultures consist of the norms, values, and behaviors one can find in organizations. Those are often expressed through artifacts. To describe the organizational culture and identity one can simply look at the artifacts. This has been done in our study. The purpose of this study was to investigate how three companies in different industries, the computer industry, the finance industry, and the construction industry, communicate the organizational identity through artifacts. With a qualitative method mainly observations of the three organizations have been made. The study is based on theories such as, The Organizational Identity Dynamics Model, The VCI Alignment Model, and Schein´s three culture levels. The concept of symbols and the physical texture has also been explained. To get an idea of how each organization looks and to be able to draw conclusions, the data collections have been updated many times to find standards that show the organizational identity. </p><p>The organization in the construction industry showed the organizational identity through their art, their logotype and their symbols. They had for instance painting depicting scenes from the construction industry. One can find their logotype and symbol in many places in the local. This gives the impression that the organization is professional, high working, aware of them self and the industry they work in, and much legible with their marketing. In addition, they value the individual person and fellowship highly. The organization in the finance industry expressed the organizational identity through their cooperation and communication standards. One could see that they were hard-working since they often had focus discussions in small work groups. Through this, one can see the organization as neutral and that they value work and functionality. The organization in the computer industry showed their organizational identity through the interior, the logotype and the symbols, since the greatest part of the interior was shaped and colored homogenously. It appeared that the organization is very aware of their marketing and what they show to the public. They are modern and follow the developments in society. Conclusively, our study showed that one can clearly see that organizations in different industries can communicate the organizational identity in different ways through different artifacts.</p>
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Backne, Maria, and Maja Wetterberg. "Att skapa framgångsrika produkter : När företag anlitar designbyråer i sin produktutveckling." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-321.
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Bavington, Andre. "Experiences in the use of the structured systems analysis and design methodology (SSADM) in a service organisation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1995. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1175.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the historical development of an information systems methodology in a large West Australian organisation and to detail the experiences and satisfaction levels of information systems practitioners' in using the methodology. The methodology under examination is SSADM (Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology) in a service organisation in which I am an employee. The participants of this research are involved in the systems development process as Systems Analysts, Project Leaders, Programmers, Project Manager, and development review and consulting personnel. There were 26 participants involved in this research study ranging in age from 25 to 55 years old.
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Andersson, Christoffer. "Government 2.0 och medborgarmedverkan vid utveckling av offentliga digitala tjänster : Möjligheter och utmaningar med medborgarmedverkan i en offentlig organisation." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64979.
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Uppsatsen har som syfte att identifiera utmaningar som medborgarmedverkan medför inom en offentlig verksamhet vid utveckling av offentliga digitala tjänster. Utifrån dessa utmaningar diskuteras potentiella möjligheter som uppstår när utmaningarna klaras av samt vilken roll IKT och Government 2.0 har i dessa utmaningar och möjligheter. Vidare diskuteras även Participatory Design som tjänstedesignansats utifrån identifierade utmaningar och potentiella möjligheter vid utveckling av offentliga digitala tjänster. Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram redogör främst för forskningsämnena e-Government och Government 2.0 samt tjänstedesignansatser så som Participatory Design och User-Centered Design, samskapande och vikten av att involvera användare. En fallstudie har genomförts i en svensk kommun för att öka förståelsen om medborgarmedverkan vid utveckling av offentliga digitala tjänster. Genom förståelsen av kommunens kontext identifieras nio olika utmaningar: Utmaningar: Arbete för öppenhet och transparens mot medborgare Skapa mångfald i utvecklingsprojekt Identifiera fler faktorer, utöver mångfald, för en lyckad medborgarmedverkan Sprida kunskapen om vilka faktorer som är viktiga för lyckad medborgarmedverkan Tillfoga sig kunskapen om hur man når ut till medborgare på bästa sätt Motivera medborgare till att medverka (kommunicera vilket värde medverkan ger för varje enskild medborgare – dvs. kunna svara på frågan ”Varför ska just jag medverka i detta projekt?”) Bibehålla medverkande medborgare Öka datakunnigheten hos medborgare och andra aktörer Använda IKT och Webb 2.0 till dess fulla potential Dessa utmaningar ligger sedan till grund för potentiella möjligheter. Möjligheter som innebär öppenhet och transparens där offentliga digitala tjänster kan utvecklas utifrån medborgares och användes behov. Detta genom att använda sig av PD som tjänstedesignansats, IKT och Webb 2.0 – plattformar för samskapande, nätverkande, dialog och kunskapsspridning.
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Wikner, Herman. "Sharing Knowledge: Designing to facilitate the exchange of knowledge among employees in an organisation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22778.
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To effectively manage and facilitate the knowledge sharing process in organisations is crucial, as it contributes with economic and competitive organisational value. This thesis investigates the knowledge sharing process in an organisation, and how a design solution could be developed to facilitate this process. The investigation of the organisation showed that, a barrier for the employees to exchange knowledge, is that they are not fully aware of each others knowledge gaps. Consequently, due to low awareness of each others knowledge gaps, the employees are having difficulties to know if their knowledge could be valuable to share. This illuminated an area to focus upon, and an opportunity for a design solution to be developed. The design solution evolved along with insights obtained from usability testing, to achieve a result which correlates with the needs of the employees. The final design solution is a tool, which enables the employees to gather information of their knowledge gaps, thus enhance the awareness of what knowledge to share. The tool, and the process of its creation, provides an answer of how a design solution could be developed to facilitate the exchange of knowledge among employees in an organisation.
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McGinley, Christopher Gerard. "Supporting people-centred design through information and empathy." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7591.
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People-centred design is a design approach that takes the intended end users into consideration throughout the development process, resulting in more appropriate design output in terms of meeting peoples needs and wants. There is recognised value in the use of user-based information, and in establishing empathy with those being designed for, yet there is a distinct lack of literature addressing both aspects and the potential for associated support mechanisms for designers. The combination of information and empathy is the focus of this research. This thesis presents studies carried out to investigate the potential for ‘supporting people-centred design through information and empathy’, focusing upon the early stages of design development. The main aims of this research were to understand designers’ processes and where users fit into these, and to suggest means of support that could promote user focus whilst remaining a practical and appropriate complement to established methods. The under-explored nature of this area required empirical research engaging in practical ways with designers, which was achieved through in-depth probe studies and follow-up interviews with 10 designers; active participation in two four-month real-life design projects; the examination and co-creation of resource tool concepts during two workshops, each with 20 design participants; and ‘MHIRROR’ (Means of Human Information Retrieval, Representation, Organisation and Reflection), a mixed media human information resource was developed and trialed with six experienced inclusive design practitioners. These qualitative explorations with designers and within real-life projects facilitated understanding of the potential for human information resources to support the design process. The thesis has made original contribution to knowledge in terms of the formation of a framework for the manipulation and integration of human information into the design process; the iterative design and embodiment of a working prototype resource MHIRROR, and it has provided insights into the value of information and empathy resource combinations and their potential to promote people-centred design.
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Lagunas, Diego, and Björn Hellman. "Organisational Advantages through the development of Information Systems : An Information System Design Strategy." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1546.
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<p>Information systems design was investigated and a model was developed aimed obtaining organisational advantages through quality and participation. This was developed by connecting high quality information assurance in an IS to the needs of the organisation and incorporating the users in the development through participation factors.</p><p>The model generates a instruction that connects the impact on the individual and organisation when developing an IS to the organisational benefits. Its purpose is to enable the benefits of motivation, awareness and empowerment.</p><p>We applied the model using the case study approach for connecting the model to a real life situation. The results provided a blueprint to implement the IS design strategy and may be investigated later to verify if the advantages were reached.</p><p>The work is of great interest to project managers, software developers and programmers</p><br><p>Design av informationssystem var undersökt. En modell togs fram med målet att knyta organisatoriska fördelar från kvalitet och medverkan av organisationen i framtagandet av ett IS. Modellen skapades utifrån två ståndpunkter, hög kvalitet på datasäkerhet och de behov som finns inom organisationen samt en inkorporerad medverkan av användarna i framtagandet av IS.</p><p>Modellen fungerar som en instruktion med målet att koppla påverkan på organisationen samt individen av att implementera ett IS till de organisatoriska fördelarna genererade av förändringen. Resultatet möjliggör fördelarna av motivation, medvetenhet och empowerment hos organisationen samt individen.</p><p>Vi applicerade modellen i ett verkligt företag. Resultatet blev en beskrivning för realisering av en IS designstrategi. Denna strategi bör senare bli utvärderad för att säkerställa att det önskade målet har uppnåtts.</p><p>Detta arbete skulle kunna intressera projektledare, mjukvara utvecklare och programmerare.</p>
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Bivigou, Koumba Achille Mayelle. "Design, Synthesis and Characterisation of Amphiphilic Symmetrical triblock copolymers by the RAFT process : their self-organisation in dilute and concentrated aqueous solutions." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3954/.
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This work presents the synthesis and the self-assembly of symmetrical amphiphilic ABA and BAB triblock copolymers in dilute, semi-concentrated and highly concentrated aqueous solution. A series of new bifunctional bistrithiocarbonates as RAFT agents was used to synthesise these triblock copolymers, which are characterised by a long hydrophilic middle block and relatively small, but strongly hydrophobic end blocks. As hydrophilic A blocks, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate) (PMDEGA) were employed, while as hydrophobic B blocks, poly(4-tert-butyl styrene), polystyrene, poly(3,5-dibromo benzyl acrylate), poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), and poly(octadecyl acrylate) were explored as building blocks with different hydrophobicities and glass transition temperatures.
The five bifunctional trithiocarbonates synthesised belong to two classes: the first are RAFT agents, which position the active group of the growing polymer chain at the outer ends of the polymer (Z-C(=S)-S-R-S-C(=S)-Z, type I). The second class places the active groups in the middle of the growing polymer chain (R-S-C(=S)-Z-C(=S)-S-R, type II). These RAFT agents enable the straightforward synthesis of amphiphilic triblock copolymers in only two steps, allowing to vary the nature of the hydrophobic blocks as well as the length of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks broadly with good molar mass control and narrow polydispersities. Specific side reactions were observed among some RAFT agents including the elimination of ethylenetrithiocarbonate in the early stage of the polymerisation of styrene mediated by certain agents of the type II, while the use of the RAFT agents of type I resulted in retardation of the chain extension of PNIPAM with styrene. These results underline the need of a careful choice of RAFT agents for a given task.
The various copolymers self-assemble in dilute and semi-concentrated aqueous solution into small flower-like micelles. No indication for the formation of micellar clusters was found, while only at high concentration, physical hydrogels are formed. The reversible thermoresponsive behaviour of the ABA and BAB type copolymer solutions in water with A made of PNIPAM was examined by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cloud point of the copolymers was nearly identical to the cloud point of the homopolymer and varied between 28-32 °C with concentrations from 0.01 to 50 wt%. This is attributed to the formation of micelles where the hydrophobic blocks are shielded from a direct contact with water, so that the hydrophobic interactions of the copolymers are nearly the same as for pure PNIPAM.
Dynamic light scattering measurements showed the presence of small micelles at ambient temperature. The aggregate size dramatically increased above the cloud point, indicating a change of aggregate morphology into clusters due to the thermosensitivity of the PNIPAM block.
The rheological behaviour of the amphiphilic BAB triblock copolymers demonstrated the formation of hydrogels at high concentrations, typically above 30-35 wt%. The minimum concentration to induce hydrogels decreased with the increasing glass transition temperatures and increasing length of the end blocks. The weak tendency to form hydrogels was attributed to a small share of bridged micelles only, due to the strong segregation regime occurring.
In order to learn about the role of the nature of the thermoresponsive block for the aggregation, a new BAB triblock copolymer consisting of short polystyrene end blocks and PMDEGA as stimuli-responsive middle block was prepared and investigated. Contrary to PNIPAM, dilute aqueous solutions of PMDEGA and of its block copolymers showed reversible phase transition temperatures characterised by a strong dependence on the polymer composition. Moreover, the PMDEGA block copolymer allowed the formation of physical hydrogels at lower concentration, i.e. from 20 wt%. This result suggests that PMDEGA has a higher degree of water-swellability than PNIPAM.<br>Die Arbeit behandelt die Synthese und das Selbstorganisationsverhalten von neuen funktionellen symmetrischen "stimuli-responsiven" Triblockcopolymeren ABA und BAB in wässrigen verdünnten und höher konzentrierten Lösungen. Neue symmetrische, bifunktionelle Bistrithiocarbonate wurden als RAFT-Agentien benutzt, um Triblockcopolymere mit langen hydrophilen (A) Innen- und kurzen hydrophoben (B) Außenblöcken zu synthetisieren. Als hydrophile A Blöcke wurden Poly(N-isopropylacrylamid) PNIPAM und Poly(methoxy diethylene glykol acrylat) PMDEGA benutzt, während als hydrophobe Blöcke B Poly(4-tert-butyl styrol), Polystyrol, Poly(3,5-dibromo benzyl acrylat), Poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylat), und Poly(octadecyl acrylat) als Bausteine mit unterschiedlicher Glasübergangstemperatur untersucht wurden.
Die Selbstorganisation von ABA und BAB Copolymeren in Wasser mit A Blöcken aus PNIPAM wurde anhand von Trübungsphotometrie, dynamischer Lichtstreuung (DLS) und Rheologie untersucht. Die amphiphilen Blockcopolymere sind direkt wasserlöslich. Bei Konzentrationen von 0.01 bis 50 wt% zeigen Trübungsmessungen bei den Blockcopolymeren wie bei den Homopolymeren eine Übergangstemperatur bei 28-32 °C. Zurückzuführen ist dies auf die Bildung von Mizellen, bei der die hydrophoben Blöcke von einem direkten Kontakt mit Wasser abgeschirmt werden. DLS zeigt kleine Mizellen bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Aggregate mit großem hydrodynamischem Durchmesser bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Übergangstemperatur.
Die rheologische Untersuchung von BAB Polymeren zeigt die Bildung von Hydrogelen bei höheren Konzentrationen (über 30-35 wt%). Die minimal benötigte Konzentration, bei der die von Hydrogelen auftreten, nimmt mit wachsender Glasübergangstemperatur ab, und nimmt mit der Länge der hydrophoben Blöcke B zu. Im Unterschied zu PNIPAM zeigen wässrige Lösungen von PMDEGA und seinen Blockcopolymeren reversible Übergangstemperaturen abhängig von der chemischen Struktur. Außerdem bilden PMDEGA Blockcopolymere Hydrogele bei niedriger Konzentration (ab 20 wt%). Dieses Ergebnis deutet darauf hin, dass PMDEGA stärker Wasser bindet als PNIPAM.
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Nicklasson, Martina, and Anneli Ringholm. "Kunskapshantering : En studie i hur man hanterar och bevarar kunskap i projekt." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-197.
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<p>Genom globalisering och snabba tekniska utvecklingar har förutsättningarna förändrats för företagens konkurrenssituation med ökade kundkrav och möjligheten att behålla personal. Detta har lett till att företag omstrukturerat sin organisation i form av outsourcing. I de fall de reducerat personalstyrkan alltför hårt använder företag konsulter. I de fall då kunskap, genererad inom ett projekt av konsulter, inte överförs till uppdragsgivaren uppstår kunskapsförluster. Förutsättningarna för företagets utveckling och fortlevnad riskerar därmed att försämras. Utan tillvaratagande av kunskap överlever man inte på marknaden.</p><p>Syftet i uppsatsen är att undersöka och analysera samarbetet mellan uppdragsgivare och konsult i tre olika projekt och se hur uppdragsgivaren har hanterat och bevarat denna kunskap. Vi använder en metod med en intensiv uppläggning och vi gör vår undersökning genom fallstudier på tre företag som vardera använt en konsult till att implementera eller förändra en IT-lösning. Teorier som ger stöd åt vår uppsats återfinns i områdena kunskap, organisationsstruktur, planeringsfilosofier och kommunikation.</p><p>I slutsatsen har vi kommit fram till att de faktorer som är avgörande för att hantera och bevara kunskap i projekt med konsulter är att man har en genomtänkt och medveten kunskapshantering i form av modeller, metoder och processer. Andra faktorer som är viktiga är projektstruktur, processtyrning, och kommunikation. Enligt undersökningen har vi kommit fram till att alla faktorer som vi utgår ifrån, påverkar bevarad kunskap positivt. Den som framkommer som viktigast är kunskapshanteringen.</p><p>Vi anser att de företag vi undersökt skulle kunna göra sin kunskapshantering ännu bättre genom att fullt ut utnyttja faktorerna kunskapshantering, projektstruktur, processtyrning och kommunikation.</p>
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Story, Thomas Martin, and n/a. "Technology and organisational design." University of Canberra. Management, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.103618.
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