Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Italian unification'

Modern linguistics is currently replete with competing theories, all with differing goals and intentions. This is not an altogether desirable situation. The aim of this thesis is to develop one of these theories, namely Word Grammar (Hudson 1984a), with this in mind. After an exposition of the theory, which should leave the reader with a clearer idea of the workings of the theory of Word Grammar, I will be concerned to put the intuitions behind the theory on as formal a footing as possible. This will involve the development of yet another formalism. However, this formalisation will involve the use of standard techniques. Extensions to the grammar, where necessary, shall be made with devices now current in the field such as Unification. In such a way, I hope to bring Word Grammar more into line with other formalisms, thus aiding a convergence rather than a divergence of theories. As part of the test for this new formalism it will then be applied to the problem of clitic placement in Italian.

xxiv, 603 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Though not widely acknowledged, ballet and its music were important to the nineteenth-century Italian theatre-goer. While much scholarship exists for Italian opera, less study is made of its counterpart even though the ballet was an important feature of Italian theatre and culture. This dissertation is the first in-depth survey of the music for Italian ballets from 1800-1870, drawing from the hundreds of ballet scores in two important collections: The John and Ruth Ward Italian Ballet Collection, part of the Harvard Theatre Collection, and the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Research Collections. After discussion of primary and secondary sources (Chapters II and III), I provide an overview of the context in which ballets were performed during the period (Chapter IV). In Chapter V I discuss musical styles for mime and for dance, and dance sub-categories such as the pas de deux, ballabile, and national dances. I also explore specific commonly occurring choreo-musical sub-topics such as anger, love, storms, hell, witches, devils, and sylphs. Finally, I examine two complete ballets in detail. Chapter VI on Salvatore Viganò's La Vestale includes a discussion of the hitherto neglected manuscript full score and of the published piano reduction. Chapter VII on Giuseppe Rota's Bianchi e Negri explores the musical and dramatic adaptation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin . While examining the traits of Italian ballet music as a genre and exploring relationships between music, dance, and libretto, this dissertation initiates a wider discussion of the social-political context of ballet music in nineteenth-century Italian theatrical life during the turbulent decades spanning the 'Risorgimento' period.
Committee in charge: Marian Smith, Chairperson, Music; Anne McLucas, Member, Music; Marc Vanscheeuwijck, Member, Music; Jenifer Craig, Outside Member, Dance

Cette étude porte sur les influences réciproques du « Plan Poggi » (projet d’agrandissement de Florence) et des relations diplomatiques, politiques, militaires et économiques entre l’Italie et les Puissances européennes, en particulier la France et le Saint-Siège, depuis la « Convention de Septembre » 1864 jusqu’à la « Porta Pia » en 1870, puis le transfert de la capitale à Rome en 1871. Viendra ensuite une analyse de l’état d’esprit de la population face aux bouleversements économiques et sociaux entraînés par l'arrivée du gouvernement, à travers les témoignages des acteurs politiques, des habitants, de l’architecture, de l’art, de la littérature, de la Presse. Enfin, sera analysée l'influence de ces modifications urbaines, sociales, sur les mentalités, sur la perception du patrimoine culturel et historique. En conclusion, sera menée une analyse des conséquences de la perte du statut de capitale sur les mentalités et les projets d'urbanisme, avec en particulier la « Question Florentine », concernant le subventionnement par l'Etat d'une partie des travaux liés aux institutions gouvernementales, encore non achevés au départ de la capitale, qui vont grever les finances de la municipalité, jusqu'à la mener à la faillite dans les années 1880.Il a été mené une accentuation de la recherche sur les questions militaires, qui sont d'une grande importance à l'époque ; en effet, le transfert de la capitale de Turin à Florence conduit à repenser totalement le système stratégique de l'Etat-Major militaire italien, ainsi que le système de défense de la ville promue au rang de capitale (ainsi qu'à réduire sensiblement celui de Turin, qui peut cependant rester une importante base d'attaque contre l'ennemi Autrichien) : les manœuvres de 1869 en sont l'exemple concret. L' accentuation des revendications en, et sur la Vénétie (qui conduiront à la guerre en 1866) provoquent un basculement stratégique : le bas-Pô gagne en importance par rapport au Mincio. L'armée est ainsi une des clés de la concrétisation des projets urbanistiques du Risanamento Florentin, imposant sa marque dans le paysage, par la construction de casernes (parfois aux dépends d'équipement de salubrité publique), et la planification d'importantes zones d'exercices militaires, le Campo di Marte dont la localisation fera l'objet de nombreuses polémiques et discussions. La réorganisation de Florence en ville vitrine du nouveau royaume, de la nouvelle Italie unitaire et de la nouvelle bourgeoisie libérale doit également (comme à Paris) être une ville permettant des manœuvres militaires efficaces et faciles.Il s'agira également d'étudier dans quelle mesure les opérations et la stratégie militaires ont conditionné la construction des infrastructures ferroviaires, autre point important de l'urbanisme de Florence capitale, avec les débats sur la construction et la localisation d'une nouvelle gare en remplacement de l'ancienne, et désaffectée, Stazione Leopolda : la localisation des voies conditionne l'urbanisme, mais subit des contraintes stratégiques, Florence devenant rapidement (même si la ville avait déjà joué un rôle similaire, quoiqu'à une bien moindre mesure en 1859 contre l'Autriche, avec l'arrivée massive de volontaires venus s'enrôler en ville) un carrefour ferroviaire (et routier) permettant de faire remonter vers le Nord le gros de l'armée italienne, employée au début des années 1860 dans le Sud pour réprimer le Brigantismo
This study concerns the mutual influences of the "Plan Poggi" (project of Florence's enlargement) and diplomatic, political, military and economic relations between Italy and the European Powers, particularly France and Holy See, since the 1864 " September Convention " until the breach of " Porta Pia " in 1870, and the transfer of the capital city in Rome in 1871. An analysis of the population's state of mind in front of economic and social upheavals pulled by the arrival of the government, through political actors, inhabitants, architecture, art, literature and Press testimonies will come then. Finally, the influence of these urban, social modifications on the mentalities, on the perception of the cultural and historic heritage will be analyzed. In conclusion, will come an analysis of the consequences of the loss of the status of capital city on the mentalities and on the urban planning projects, with in particular the "Florentine Question ", e.g the subsidization by the State of a part of the works bound to the governmental institutions, still not finished when the capital city leaves Florence, which are going to burden the finances of the municipality, and lead it to bankruptcy in the 1880s. An accentuation of the research on the military questions, which are of a big importance for the period, seems important; actually, the transfer of the capital city from Turin to Florence leads to totally rethink the strategic system of the Italian military General commandment, as well as the defensive system of the city promoted to the rank of capital (as well as to drastically reduce Turin's own, which however remain an important base for attacks against the Austrian enemy): the 1869 military exercise are the concrete example. The accentuation of the claiming for Venetia (which will drive to the war in 1866) provokes a strategic shift: the Lower Po Valley grows importance compared to the Mincio. The army is one of the keys of the realization of the urbanisation projects of Florentine Risanamento, posing its marks in the landscape, by the construction of barracks (sometimes at the expense of public health equipment), and the planning of important zones of military exercises, e.g the "Campo di Marte" whose localization will be object of numerous debates and discussions. Florence's reorganization in model town of the new kingdom, the new unitarian Italy and the new liberal bourgeoisie also owes (as in Paris) to be a city allowing effective and easy military operations.It will also be a question of studying to what extent the military operations and the strategy conditioned the construction of the railroad infrastructures, other important point of the town planning of Florence, with the debates on the construction and the location of a new station as a replacement of the former, and closed down, Stazione Leopolda: the location of circulation ways determines the town planning, but has to face strategic constraints, as Florence quickly becoming (even if the city had already played a similar role, although in a much lesser measure in 1859 against Austria, with the volunteers' massive arrival coming to enlist in the army) a railway and road junction allowing to make the main part of the Italian army go back to the north, used since the beginning of 1860s on the south to repress the Brigantismo

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les forces de l’ordre siciliennes pendant la dictature garibaldienne de 1860, pour montrer comment l’île a été concrètement administrée par les chemises rouges dès la libération de Palerme. Il s’agit donc de saisir les traces de continuité ou de discontinuité en matière de contrôle territorial, d’ordre public et de police dans la région, au moment de la construction du nouvel État italien. L’effondrement du régime bourbonien dans l’île, causé par la nouvelle « révolution » sicilienne, laissa le pays dans une profonde crise politique et sociale. Il ne s’agissait pas seulement d’assurer le contrôle de l’espace et de l’ordre public, mais aussi d’établir et de légitimer un nouvel équilibre social et politique afin de s’assurer le soutien des élites siciliennes, tout en les inscrivant dans une perspective nationale : un défi majeur, qui obligea l’exécutif garibaldien à dépasser la simple dimension militaire pour envisager des pratiques de gouvernement inédites. Dans cette thèse, il s’agit donc de relire l’histoire de la dictature garibaldienne à partir de ses institutions policières, prisme multiforme pour saisir la complexité de la réalité sicilienne. Le résultat de ce travail de recherche propose de nouveaux éléments utiles pour comprendre, d’un point de vue différent par rapport aux études antérieures, le moment clé de l’Unification italienne
This research focuses on the Sicilian police during the Garibaldian dictatorship of 1860 and analyses how the “red shirts” ruled the island. The goal of this work is to retrace continuities and discontinuities of local control, public order and police service during the construction of the modern Italian state. The new Sicilian revolution brought about the collapse of the Bourbon regime in Sicily and the beginning of a deep social and political crisis all over the country. Therefore, the main goal of the local administration was to guarantee public order and respect for the law. In order to gain the support of local elites, the administration had to achieve a new social and political balance based on a national outlook. New practical instruments to rule the country were developed alongside existing military ones. This thesis provides a different interpretation of the history of the Garibaldian dictatorship through the “police prism”, in an effort to understand the complexity of the Sicilian context. In the end, this work underpins new elements that are useful to grasp the key moment of the Italian Unification and suggests a different interpretation of this phenomenon compared to the traditional analysis of the subject

Questa tesi di laurea tratta il tema dell'immigrazione italiana in Canada, a partire dall'Unità d'Italia fino ai giorni nostri. Nella prima parte sono illustrate le varie fasi relative all'emigrazione e successiva immigrazione degli Italiani in Canada, mentre nella seconda parte sono spiegate le caratteristiche dei primi insediamenti italiani. Nel terzo capitolo, invece, vi è un approfondimento su una delle regioni del Canada, la British Columbia, con particolare attenzione alla città di Vancouver. Per concludere, una panoramica generale sulle relazioni tra i due Paesi, Canada e Italia, sugli aspetti culturali e sociali che li legano e sulle prospettive di cooperazione.

This thesis analyses the meaning of unity and unification in post-war Italian life through a transnational study of the two great events staged for the celebration of one hundred years of Italian unification: Italia '61 and the Festival of Italy. Held in Turin, Italia '61 was the Italian national celebration and the overall purpose was to put on display the 'progress made in Italy in 100 years of national life' and to make a statement about Italy's place in the Cold War world order. To do so it comprised three major components: a Historical Exhibition, which traced a history of unification focused on the Risorgimento and the Resistance; a Regional Exhibition; and the International Labour Exhibition, which contained displays on work practices and conditions from twenty-one nations and international organisations. Across the Atlantic in Philadelphia, the Festival of Italy was the largest Italian centennial commemoration held outside Italy and it had been planned in conjunction with the Italia '61 organisers and collaboratively with the Italian American community in Philadelphia. The Festival's theme was 'lOO years of Progress' and the corresponding exhibitions and events emphasised the cultural richness of Italy, the high culture of Italy, the contribution of Italy and Italian culture and people to contemporary civilisation and in particular to the U.5., and the modernity of contemporary Italy. This thesis presents the argument that 1961 represents a change or turning point in the way identity was celebrated and so conceived in both Italy and among Italian American communities. The effects of the reconfiguration are identified through analysis of the national, international, intergovernmental, ethnic and transnational relationships in operation at Italia '61 and the Festival of Italy.

Conservative international thought in Victorian Britain is a prominent landmark in the landscape of international thought which has up to now gone unmapped. In illuminating this body of thought, the thesis addresses weaknesses present in three different historiographies. As the first detailed study of conservative international thought in Victorian Britain, the thesis rectifies a marked bias in Victorian intellectual history towards the study of liberal and radical thought. Furthermore, by analysing the political thought of major representatives of the conservative educated classes, this thesis provides context for the history of conservative high politics, thereby leading us to view these in a different light. Finally, this study, by providing a historically nuanced account of the evolution of major themes of international relations theory in mid-Victorian Britain, functions as a corrective to the self-history of the academic field of International Relations. The thesis makes its argument by analysing conservative contributions in periodicals, pamphlets, and newspapers to British public debates on international affairs, from the Crimean War (1854-56) until the Eastern Question crisis of 1876-80. The general claim of this thesis is that there existed a distinctly conservative perspective on the international sphere. The core elements of this conservative perspective were the primacy of statesmen in setting foreign policy; of interests, military force, and stature in determining the course of international politics; and of order and equilibrium as its normative content. Conservative authors used this constellation of ideas in the major debates of the mid-Victorian era on international affairs, both as a means to make sense of events, and as a counterpoint to liberal narratives - with which Victorian international thought is all too often identified. In recovering the international political thought of Victorian conservatives, this thesis illuminates an important but neglected aspect of how international relations were understood and conceptualised in mid-Victorian Britain.

Il tema dei poteri locali ha trovato negli ultimi decenni un ampio seguito presso la comunità degli storici ottocentisti, consentendo una più vasta ed approfondita conoscenza dei meccanismi sottesi alle dinamiche politiche di superficie, che invece avevano pressochè monopolizzato la scena nel dibattito storiografico precedente. Il presente lavoro trae spunto da questa impostazione, soffermandosi, in particolare, su taluni aspetti e figure caratterizzanti il '48 in Sicilia. La scelta della circostanza rivoluzionaria funge così da episodio rivelatore di alcune dinamiche di medio periodo che amplificano tanto i fattori di rottura quanto quelli di persistenza. Sono tre gli elementi che emergono con particolare rievanza dalla ricerca: 1) il monopolio, da parte dei notabili, degli strumenti culturali necessari a condizionare il dibattito pubblico; 2) le continuità che si perpetuano nonostante i sommovimenti politici di superficie; 3) la centralità della dimensione locale rispetto al centralismo uniformante.

This research focuses on the Sicilian police during the Garibaldian dictatorship of 1860 and analyses how the “red shirts” ruled the island. The goal of this work is to retrace continuities and discontinuities of local control, public order and police service during the construction of the modern Italian state. The new Sicilian revolution brought about the collapse of the Bourbon regime in Sicily and the beginning of a deep social and political crisis all over the country. Therefore, the main goal of the local administration was to guarantee public order and respect for the law. In order to gain the support of local elites, the administration had to achieve a new social and political balance based on a national outlook. New practical instruments to rule the country were developed alongside existing military ones. This thesis provides a different interpretation of the history of the Garibaldian dictatorship through the “police prism”, in an effort to understand the complexity of the Sicilian context. In the end, this work underpins new elements that are useful to grasp the key moment of the Italian Unification and suggests a different interpretation of this phenomenon compared to the traditional analysis of the subject.
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les forces de l’ordre siciliennes pendant la dictature garibaldienne de 1860, pour montrer comment l’île a été concrètement administrée par les chemises rouges dès la libération de Palerme. Il s’agit donc de saisir les traces de continuité ou de discontinuité en matière de contrôle territorial, d’ordre public et de police dans la région, au moment de la construction du nouvel État italien. L’effondrement du régime bourbonien dans l’île, causé par la nouvelle « révolution » sicilienne, laissa le pays dans une profonde crise politique et sociale. Il ne s’agissait pas seulement d’assurer le contrôle de l’espace et de l’ordre public, mais aussi d’établir et de légitimer un nouvel équilibre social et politique afin de s’assurer le soutien des élites siciliennes, tout en les inscrivant dans une perspective nationale : un défi majeur, qui obligea l’exécutif garibaldien à dépasser la simple dimension militaire pour envisager des pratiques de gouvernement inédites. Dans cette thèse, il s’agit donc de relire l’histoire de la dictature garibaldienne à partir de ses institutions policières, prisme multiforme pour saisir la complexité de la réalité sicilienne. Le résultat de ce travail de recherche propose de nouveaux éléments utiles pour comprendre, d’un point de vue différent par rapport aux études antérieures, le moment clé de l’Unification italienne.

Though sovereign debts are often viewed as risk-free assets, some extreme events may lead to the repudiation of these debts. A large literature has been devoted to the motivations of repayment and to the causes of default. The impact of wars, which may lead to the repudiation of sovereign debt, on sovereign bond prices has also been analyzed. However, the impact of other types of seldom occurring but dramatic events, which may lead to the repudiation of debts, on bond prices has been overlooked. My current research aims to analyze three of them: the repudiation of debts because of their alleged "odiousness", the introduction of common debt after a state's unification and the debt partition following the break-up of a country. Since the events under consideration don't happen frequently, the dissertation will rely on four historical examples: Cuba, Russia, Italy and Belgium. The time period considered is the 19th century. Based on a historical analysis and the set-up of an original database, this project determines the effects of these events on sovereign debt valorization, using an econometric approach.

The first part of the research estimates the risk premium required by investors to hold debts which could be denounced as odious. Bondholders could require a premium to compensate for the higher default risk due to the odious character of the debts. The paper quantifies the risk premium required by investors to hold debts which could be denounced as odious and it analyses the relation between the value of the government bond and extreme "odious debt" events. In order to identify if such a premium exists, I focus on a Cuban case study. Based on an original database of Cuban bonds, the paper reveals the existence of a risk premium of at least 200 basis points which penalises bonds issued by dictatorial regimes. The bond market "odious" shocks are provided by a Structural VAR analysis. In a second case study, my research analyses the Tsarist bonds of 1906 and the premium to hold despotic regime debt. The paper shows that the market required a premium despite the attempts made by the Russian government to present the loan as clean.

The second and third parts of my research look at the effects of state succession on the sovereign bonds market. They analyze respectively the two subsets of state succession: state unification and "country break-up". The second part of the dissertation provides an empirical study of sovereign debt integration and analyses the evolution of sovereign bond prices when several countries merge to become a "unified country" or when the probability of such an event exists. Based on an original database made of pre-unification and post-unification Italian bonds, the paper shows the impact of Italy's unification on the bonds. The analysis puts forward that prior to the unification in 1862, the bonds issued by the future parts of the kingdom reacted in an idiosyncratic way. Around the sovereign debt integration, the paper highlights a large risk increase for low-yield bonds. Using a break point analysis and a Dynamic Factor Model, the paper proves that until the late 1860's the financial market did not believe in Italy's Unification. The third part of my research analyzes the financial impact on state bonds of a country which faces a risk to break up. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the evolution of sovereign debt prices when a state breaks up, or when it faces such an event. Based on an original database of Dutch and Belgian bonds, this research shows the impact of Belgian independence in 1830 on the Belgium bonds. This article analyses two risk premiums which may affect the sovereign debt of a state: the first one is linked to the country break-up (or the probability that one may occur) and the second one is due to the instability experienced by the new country. This analysis puts forward a "country break-up" risk premium of 142 basis points. The role of the debt underwriter has also been highlighted in the case of Belgian independence. Financial markets required no "new country" risk premium for Belgian bonds which were underwritten by Rothschild, but the risk premium remained for the Belgian authorities. This was likely due to the role of Rothschild as underwriter whose reputation persuaded the market that the risk is low, but who charged a premium to the Belgian government for their services.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

碩士
南華大學
歐洲研究所
95
Since 1860s, Risorgimento proceed the Italian unification. The newborn Italy didn’t face the outer pressure instead of the problems of internal differences. Accompanying with complex problems and obstacles Southern Italy, which is named as “Mezzogiorno”, had been regarded as an awkwardness or “Southern Question” in Italy 　　 　　This article would indicate different aspects to analyze the differences between Northern and Southern Italy which composed the problem of National identity. Secondly from the attitude of authority toward to Southern Italy, the article would points out the political subalternity of Southern Italy. And from the industrial developments, the article would analyze the obstacle of economic development in Southern Italy. Finally including all the obstacles and problems, the article would explain the people’s attitude toward Southern Italy.

Dopo più di quarant’anni di tentativi tesi alla realizzazione di un titolo di protezione brevettuale “comunitario”, nel 2012 sono stati emanati due regolamenti, il n. 1257/2012 e il n. 1260/2012, attuativi di una cooperazione rafforzata tra ventisei Stati membri dell’Unione europea: essi creano un brevetto europeo con effetto unitario e ne disciplinano il regime di traduzione applicabile. L’anno successivo, venticinque Stati membri hanno firmato un accordo istitutivo del Tribunale unificato dei brevetti. I summenzionati strumenti normativi costituiscono il c.d. “pacchetto brevetti”, che entrerà in vigore una volta che almeno tredici Stati membri, tra cui Germania, Francia e Regno Unito, avranno ratificato l’Accordo. Rispetto al panorama attuale, caratterizzato da una frammentazione normativa e giurisdizionale, tale nuova architettura porterà indubbiamente notevoli vantaggi. Da un lato, infatti, i regolamenti europei introducono un “nuovo brevetto” che estende la sua efficacia oltre i confini nazionali; la portata della protezione e gli effetti saranno infatti uniformi in tutto il territorio degli Stati membri partecipanti. Dall’altro, il Tribunale unificato, competente a giudicare quasi tutte le controversie in materia brevettuale, si sostituirà ai giudici nazionali, garantendo l’uniformità della giurisdizione e delle decisioni. Tuttavia, il risultato ottenuto con il “pacchetto brevetti” non sembra essere adeguato agli obiettivi di unitarietà che le istituzioni europee e gli Stati membri si erano prefissati. Si tratta infatti di un quadro normativo complesso, che combina il diritto dell’Unione europea, il diritto internazionale (in particolare l’Accordo sul Tribunale unificato e la Convenzione sul brevetto europeo), e il diritto nazionale degli Stati membri, a cui gli atti citati rinviano in diverse occasioni, e che istituisce due strumenti, il brevetto europeo con effetto unitario e il Tribunale unificato dei brevetti, dalla natura assai controversa. Per tale ragione, la nuova normativa solleva molteplici questioni di natura costituzionale, in ordine alla compatibilità del nuovo sistema con l’ordinamento giuridico dell’Unione europea. Uno dei profili problematici di particolare interesse riguarda la cooperazione rafforzata in tema di tutela brevettuale unitaria, che sembra essere stata instaurata per eludere il dissenso di Italia e Spagna in relazione al regime linguistico applicabile. Inoltre, nei due regolamenti europei manca una vera e propria disciplina sostanziale, sollevando pertanto dei dubbi sull’effettiva “unitarietà” del nuovo brevetto. Infine, alcune caratteristiche del Tribunale unificato, quali la sua particolare struttura, il riparto interno delle competenze, il regime linguistico e la previsione di un periodo transitorio in cui è possibile ancora adire il giudice nazionale, si pongono in contrasto con il fine di unificazione giurisdizionale. A tali considerazioni si aggiunge che la decisione del Regno Unito di uscire dall’Unione europea potrebbe compromettere l’entrata in vigore del “pacchetto brevetti”. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di analizzare in modo organico l’intera disciplina, nell’ottica di verificarne l’effettiva compatibilità con l’ordinamento dell’Unione europea. Solamente attraverso un approccio sistematico fondato sui principi e sugli strumenti dell’UE, si possono superare le attuali criticità che emergono dal “pacchetto brevetti”, nell’ottica di un effettivo miglioramento di tale nuova disciplina e del conseguente raggiungimento di una reale unitarietà nella tutela brevettuale.