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1
Lizee, Zachary M. "Pietro Bembo’s Bias: Patronage, History, and the Italic Wars." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1156.
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During the Italic Wars, the Italian peninsula experienced foreign invasions and internal discord between rivaling duchies and city-states. Florence and Venice both faced internal and external discord due to the constant wars and political in fighting. Venetian Pietro Bembo wrote historical accounts of this period during the Renaissance. His contemporaries, Marino Sanudo, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, also wrote historical accounts of this time. My research spotlights Bembo’s history of the Venetian Republic. This history was written in a supposedly objective fashion, yet, scholarship shows that historical writing from this time contained bias. I focused on Bembo because there is a lack of scholarship that looks at his historical writings. This bias can be linked with the socio-political ties these men had. Examining his accounts of historical events and comparing them with the other three historians, Bembo’s slanted accounts illustrate the effect and importance of having a strong patronage network.
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Puzey, Guy Edward Michael. "Wars of position : language policy, counter-hegemonies and cultural cleavages in Italy and Norway." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7544.
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This thesis investigates the development of the present-day linguistic hegemonies within Italy and Norway as products of ongoing linguistic ‘wars of position’. Language activist movements have been key actors in these struggles, and this study seeks to address how such movements have operated in attempts to translate their linguistic ideologies into de facto language policy through mechanisms such as political agitation, propaganda and the use of language in public spaces. It also reveals which other extra-linguistic values and ideologies have become associated with or allied to these linguistic causes in recent years, how these ideologies have affected language policy, and whether such ideological alliances have been representative of language users’ ideologies. The study is informed by an innovative methodological framework combining the theories and metaphors of Antonio Gramsci (including hegemony and wars of position as well as his linguistic writings) with the theories of Stein Rokkan on cultural-political cleavage structures and the relationships between centres and peripheries. These constructs and relationships are thereafter documented as ideologically defining strands running through the history of the movements studied, through reference to activist periodicals and party newspapers. In Italy, the focus of the research is on the Lega Nord (Northern League), a far-right populist autonomist political movement. The Lega has sought to legitimise its imagination of a northern nation (‘Padania’) by portraying the dialects of northern Italy as minority languages, emphasising the hegemonic relationship between the Italian national language and northern dialects. The movement has also used this perception of northern dialects as peripheral and suppressed by Italian to bolster its depiction of ‘Padania’ as a wealthy periphery allegedly held back by central and southern Italy. Although this campaign has achieved some successes in increased visibility of dialects in public spaces, dialects largely remain restricted to ‘low’-status domains. In Norway, the thesis devotes special attention to the post-war efforts of the counter-hegemonic campaign for the Nynorsk standard of Norwegian, which was devised as a common denominator for Norwegian dialects, as opposed to the hegemonic standard Bokmål, which is a Norwegianisation of written Danish. In opposing the challenges of globalisation and centralisation, the Nynorsk movement has retained a radical character and is generally associated with a left-wing variant of nationalism, a key part of the Norwegian cultural cleavage structure. The social argumentation of the Nynorsk movement was instrumental in its successful promotion of dialects, now seen as an unstigmatised means of spoken communication in all social contexts.
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Lang, Heinrich. "Maurizio Arfaioli: The Black Bands of Giovanni. Infantry and Diplomacy during the Italian Wars (1526-1528) / [rezensiert von] Heinrich Lang." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2083/.
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Rezensiertes Werk:
Arfaioli, Maurizio: The black bands of Giovanni : infantry and diplomacy during the Italian wars; 1526-1528 / Maurizio Arfaioli. - Pisa : Edizioni Plus-Pisa University Press, 2005. - 204 S.: Ill.
ISBN 88-8492-231-3
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Allaire, Valeria. "Les images "italiennes" de François Ier entre 1515 et 1530 : l'attente, la crainte, la célébratiοn et la déceptiοn chez les hοmmes de culture de la péninsul." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC023/document.
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Dans l’imaginaire collectif, François Ier est à la fois le Roi chevalier, le Roi mécène, le Père des Lettres ; il est aussi le Roi bâtisseur, le Roi veneur et séducteur, le Roi captif ou encore le Traître à la Chrétienté. Notre étude propose d’enrichir ce portrait kaléidoscopique en présentant une perspective toute italienne. Dès le début de son règne, ce monarque si complexe semble hanté par la domination de l’espace politique péninsulaire. À travers la lecture de la correspondance d’ambassadeurs et de nonces, ainsi que d’ouvrages historiques et littéraires de l’époque, nous nous intéressons ici à la construction de son image à l’intérieur de la péninsule, entre 1515 et 1530. Nous avons choisi d’observer des moments considérés comme significatifs pour l’espace italien dans son rapport avec le monarque : la victoire à Marignan et la rencontre bolonaise avec Léon X en 1515, l’échec à l’élection impériale en 1519, les défaites de la Bicoque, en 1522, et de Pavie, en 1525, la campagne napolitaine de 1528. Nous souhaitons montrer comment l’élaboration de l’image du monarque ne dépend pas exclusivement des succès ou des échecs politiques et militaires, mais varie au gré des espoirs et des craintes des acteurs politiques de l’époque, offrant, parfois, une représentation inattendue. En 1529, le roi signe la Paix des Dames avec Charles Quint et abandonne ses alliés italiens à la merci de son éternel ennemi. À ce moment, une cassure s’opère ; le roi ne renonce pas définitivement à ses ambitions italiennes, mais le portrait que l’on brosse alors de lui se transforme pour s’adapter à une nouvelle configuration politiqueThis analysis deals with the representation of King Francis I wihthin the Italian peninsula spanning the period from 1515 to 1530. In the collective imagination, King Francis I is known as the Knight-King, the « Father and Restorer of Letters » and a Renaissance patron of the arts. He is equally remembered for his contribution to architecture, his hunting activities and amorous conquests, but also for his captivity and his alliance with the Turks. This study aims to broaden the range of King Francis I's multifaceted depictions by adopting a new Italian prespective in order to cast a new light on his representation. From the very beginning of his reign, this highly manifold monarch appears to have been haunted by the idea of dominating the peninsular political arena. The study is based on a corpus of letters written by ambassadors and papal nuncios as well as on historical and literary works. Emhphasis has been laid on several milestones in the history of Italy's relationships with its sovereign : the victory at the battle of Marignano and the King's meeting in Bolonia with Pope Leo X in 1515, the failure of the imperial election in 1519, the defeat at the Battle of the Bicocca, in 1522, and at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, as well as the Neapolitan campaigns of 1528. This thesis demonstrates that the king's image does not solely rely on his successes and defeats, but it largely depends on the changeing shifts in Italian political hopes and fears of the day. Our findings show that some of the depictions of King Francis I belie all expectations. In 1529, the king signs a treaty in Cambrai with Charles V and abandons his Italian allies to his long-lasting enemy. From that point onwards, a shift in politics occurs: the king does not wholly give up his Italian ambitions, but his representation changes, adapting to new political stakes
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Duc, Séverin. "Un champ de forces et de luttes à la Renaissance : L’État de Milan (1515-1530)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040185.
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Désireux de conquérir et de dominer le Milanais, François Ier (1515-1521) Francesco II Sforza (1522-1525) et Charles Quint (1526-1530) sont tous trois confrontés à un terreau politique à haut potentiel centrifuge, ce que nous appelons un « champ de forces et de luttes ». Notre enquête comparative de leur exercice successif de la domination met en lumière trois stratégies originales d’exercice direct, de délégation du pouvoir et d’intégration/médiation par les élites ou le popolo. Car chacun des princes et de leurs serviteurs conçoivent, à leur façon, leur propre pouvoir, les limites juridiques, géographiques et symboliques de celui-ci, et de celles des sujets dominés. Chacun a sa cartographie propre des rapports de force en ses terres d’origines, à Milan, en Italie, et en Europe. Très important, chaque modèle n’est pas statique mais en production, en tant que fruit d’une dialectique continue entre son héritage et une réalité chaque jour inédite, entre ses forces internes et l’influence extérieure, entre ce qu’il croit, et dit être, et ce qu’il exprime au quotidien. Dans ce contexte, la capacité d’adaptation du politique, ses modalités et ses limites face à l’inconnu et l’inédit devient cruciale afin de faire prévaloir ses attentes et défendre ses gains politiquesEager to conquer and dominate the State of Milan, Francis I (1515-1521) Francesco II Sforza (1522-1525) and Charles V (1526-1530) all three face a political ground with high centrifugal potential, what we call a "field of forces and struggles". Our comparative survey of their successive exercise of domination highlights three original strategies of direct exercise, delegation of power and integration/mediation by the elites or the Popolo. In their own way, each of the princes and their servants conceive their own power, its legal, geographic and symbolic limits, and the quality of dominated subjects. Each has its own mapping power relations in its origins land whether in Milan, France and Spain. Very importantly, each model is not static but in production, as a result of continuous dialectic between its heritage and a reality each day renewed, between its internal forces and external influences, between what he believes, and said to be, and that it expresses every day. In this context, the policy of adaptability, its terms and limits of the unknown and the unexpected becomes crucial to uphold its expectations and defend its political gains
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Duc, Séverin. "Un champ de forces et de luttes à la Renaissance : L’État de Milan (1515-1530)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040185.
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Désireux de conquérir et de dominer le Milanais, François Ier (1515-1521) Francesco II Sforza (1522-1525) et Charles Quint (1526-1530) sont tous trois confrontés à un terreau politique à haut potentiel centrifuge, ce que nous appelons un « champ de forces et de luttes ». Notre enquête comparative de leur exercice successif de la domination met en lumière trois stratégies originales d’exercice direct, de délégation du pouvoir et d’intégration/médiation par les élites ou le popolo. Car chacun des princes et de leurs serviteurs conçoivent, à leur façon, leur propre pouvoir, les limites juridiques, géographiques et symboliques de celui-ci, et de celles des sujets dominés. Chacun a sa cartographie propre des rapports de force en ses terres d’origines, à Milan, en Italie, et en Europe. Très important, chaque modèle n’est pas statique mais en production, en tant que fruit d’une dialectique continue entre son héritage et une réalité chaque jour inédite, entre ses forces internes et l’influence extérieure, entre ce qu’il croit, et dit être, et ce qu’il exprime au quotidien. Dans ce contexte, la capacité d’adaptation du politique, ses modalités et ses limites face à l’inconnu et l’inédit devient cruciale afin de faire prévaloir ses attentes et défendre ses gains politiquesEager to conquer and dominate the State of Milan, Francis I (1515-1521) Francesco II Sforza (1522-1525) and Charles V (1526-1530) all three face a political ground with high centrifugal potential, what we call a "field of forces and struggles". Our comparative survey of their successive exercise of domination highlights three original strategies of direct exercise, delegation of power and integration/mediation by the elites or the Popolo. In their own way, each of the princes and their servants conceive their own power, its legal, geographic and symbolic limits, and the quality of dominated subjects. Each has its own mapping power relations in its origins land whether in Milan, France and Spain. Very importantly, each model is not static but in production, as a result of continuous dialectic between its heritage and a reality each day renewed, between its internal forces and external influences, between what he believes, and said to be, and that it expresses every day. In this context, the policy of adaptability, its terms and limits of the unknown and the unexpected becomes crucial to uphold its expectations and defend its political gains
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Ansani, Fabrizio. "The munitions of the Republic. Production, commerce, and management of materiel in Renaissance Florence." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427167.
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This doctoral dissertation presents a collection of eight articles, published on different scientific journals, and focused on the theme of the production of weapons in Renaissance Florence.
Developing from the problematic military issues of the Florentine Republic, the essays will try to outline the structures of the offices charged with the organization of the army, analyzing their expenses in particular.
The interest of the Dieci di Balìa and the Otto di Pratica in the manufacture of munitions will reveal the existence of a lively market in arms, characterized by the involvement of numerous craftsmen and important firms, the polycentrism of factories and arsenals, and the innovations in several goods, such as artillery.
From the first experimentations on bronze bombards to the adoption of the French style ordnance, in fact, firearms and gunmakers will be at the core of the whole research. Comparative papers will examine developments in practices and technological transfers, as well as their repercussions on actual warfare.
The case study of the conflict between Florence and Pisa, one of the most important campaign of the late fifteenth century, will lastly underline aspects and concerns of the procurement of arms, a “revolutionary challenge” in terms of administration, production, and credit.Questa tesi si compone di otto articoli scientifici, tutti dedicati all’analisi della produzione bellica fiorentina durante il periodo rinascimentale. Partendo dalla contabilità delle magistrature militari della Repubblica Fiorentina, verrà rivelata l’esistenza di un mercato degli armamenti vivace e dinamico, caratterizzato dal coinvolgimento di numerosi maestri e di importanti aziende, dal policentrismo di arsenali e di botteghe, nonché dalle innovazioni in diversi ambiti manifatturieri. La ricerca si focalizzerà soprattutto sulle armi da fuoco quattrocentesche, esaminando tanto le prime sperimentazioni sulle gigantesche bombarde in bronzo quanto la rapida adozione delle nuove, letali artiglierie “alla francese”. Alcune osservazioni di carattere comparativo permetteranno di inquadrare questi ed altri sviluppi dell'"arte della guerra" toscana all'interno di un contesto, quale quello italiano, fortemente contraddistinto da numerosi trasferimenti tecnologici, militari e non. Il case-study del conflitto tra Firenze e Pisa permetterà infine di sottolineare aspetti e problemi del munizionamento, ormai divenuto, agli inizi del Cinquecento, una vera e propria "sfida rivoluzionaria” in termini di amministrazione, produzione e credito.
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Tuart, Adrienne. "Discrimination and Desire: Italians, Cinema, and Culture in Post-War Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21877.
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This thesis begins with the arrival of thousands of Italian immigrants in Australia during the early stages of Arthur Calwell’s post-war mass immigration program. Their arrival was greeted with widespread anxiety reflecting cultural, racial, religious and economic tensions. The post-war assimilationist policy, which privileged Anglo-Australian culture, language and identity, assumed that Italians and Italian culture would be absorbed into Australian society. These assumptions were challenged through the presence of the new symbols of italianità on the streets of Sydney, as film, design, fashion and cuisine made their mark on society. The screening and reception of Italian film is an important and often overlooked cultural marker at the centre of a period of dynamic cultural exchange in Sydney between 1948 and 1971. This thesis argues that Italian cinema and the diaspora reshaped the nature and culture of post-war Sydney, and in turn, the perception of Italian identity
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D'Errico, Dora. ""Bisogna fatti et non più parole", Rhétorique et politique du conseil dans les Consulte e Pratiche della Repubblica fiorentina, 1494-1512." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0675.
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L’état de guerre permanent dans lequel est plongée l’Italie au début du XVIème siècle inaugure un nouvel espace politique qui ne va pas sans modifier la langue et le lexique politiques. Cette étude se consacre à un corpus peu exploité, celui des registres des Consulte e Pratiche della Repubblica fiorentina, procès-verbaux des réunions où le gouvernement florentin convoquait les citoyens les plus « sages » afin de recueillir leurs avis sur la politique à suivre. Pour le philologue politique, l’examen de ces verbali, conduit de concert avec l’étude des écrits politiques de la même époque, notamment machiavéliens, permet d’une part de désenclaver ces registres municipaux de leur marginalité historiographique, et d’autre part de dé-machiavéliser un certain nombre de termes, d’images, de représentations, de notions, non pour les assigner à d’autres, mais pour tenter de cerner ce qui fait les contours d’une voix et d’une parole collectiveWars raging in Italy at the beginning of the XVIth century outline a new political space which alters the usual language of power and politics. In this context, our study concentrates on a quite forsaken corpus : the Consulte e Pratiche della Repubblica fiorentina. These texts gather the proceedings and the minutes of the meetings where « savi cittadini », summoned by the Signoria, tried to deliver advices and judgments on the current political affairs. From a philological and political perspectives, these verbali allow to restore the pratica in its central fonction of counselling and discussing all important political matters in Florence, between 1494 and 1512. They permit also to have a closer insight upon the machiavellian terminology, by stressing out all the common lexical sources and images where consiglieri and members of the political elite alike used to find a general frame for their thoughts. By doing so, this study emphatizes the diversity and the richness of a republican institution, the pratica, during times of troubles and violence
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Froldi, Alessandro. "Ways of knowing place in the Italian periferia : Quarto Oggiaro revisited." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20172.
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This thesis explores the interplay between practices of activism and planning through a focus on place. By developing an understanding of place as a multi-situated and multi-scalar concept, I show how a theoretical approach based on a revision of the concept of place can bridge and contribute to both the fields of anthropology of planning and of social movements. Providing a series of insights into the Milanese urban periferia (outskirts) this research argues that activism and planning are continuously engaged in redefining the field of political action. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, archival and historical research, my work shows the empirical interplay between planning and politics as a central arena for the shaping of broader historical and geographical tensions. A number of controversies and episodes of protest are examined to illustrate the experiences of activists and citizens involved across different periods of contemporary Milanese history. I approached these events as elements of place-making; processes where different subjectivities, practices and ideas come together as transformative, ever-changing instances. The neighbourhood of Quarto Oggiaro in the extreme outskirts of the city has provided a setting for fieldwork research to address the idea of the anthropological places as the result of a mutual constitution between myself as the researcher and the people I encountered in the field who were engaged in defining their environment. This approach resulted central to producing collaborative processes and for unfolding a relational interpretation of places. By engaging with these experiences this thesis demonstrates the need for examining the categories and practices of political and planning imagination and the multiple practices of world-making to make a significant contribution to understanding the human and social contexts of modern urban realities.
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Leaver, Jennifer Dianne. "Towards an acceptable past? : variable reflections of the Italian Resistance 1945-1995." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364542.
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Ailhlin, Jane Clark. "E la tradizione continua : transformation and continuity in ways of life in the Italian Amalfi Coast, 1954-1974." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538617.
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Jayne, Dusti R. "Settling Libya Italian colonization, international competition and British policy in North Africa /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1269020385.
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Marcuzzi, Stefano. "Anglo-Italian relations during the First World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2e1d8ba7-53eb-4c29-8974-d1fa0e36cc65.
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This thesis examines how the newly-born Anglo-Italian alliance operated during World War I, and how it influenced each of Britain's and Italy's strategies. It argues that Britain was Italy's main partner in the conflict: Rome sought to make Britain the guarantor of the London treaty, which had brought Italy into the war on the side of the Allies, as well as its main naval and financial partner within the Entente. London, for its part, used its special partnership with Italy to reach three main objectives. The first was to have Rome increasingly involved in the Entente's global war, thus going beyond the national dimension of the 'fourth war of independence' against Austria-Hungary. Britain aimed in particular to complete the blockade of the Central Powers by securing the Mediterranean. This result was achieved slowly - Italy declared war on Turkey in autumn 1915 and on Germany in summer 1916 - and not without contradictions, such as Italy's persistently self-reliant trade policy. The second British goal was to keep Italy in the war when the Caporetto crisis hit: British financial, commercial and military support was crucial to restore Italian forces and morale, and allow Rome to pursue to fight. Finally, in a wider geo-political sense, Britain took advantage of its good relations with Italy to balance French influence in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. London acted as a mediator in the controversies between Rome, Petrograd and Paris, taking upon it the task of keeping the alliance together. Anglo-Italian relations worsened in 1918. Britain's leadership within the Entente declined and was gradually replaced by American leadership. President Wilson's 'politics of nationalities' produced a significant revision of the London pact: Italy felt betrayed by its main partner, Britain, and this caused a long-lasting resentment towards London which had far-reaching consequences in the post-war period.
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Gaudenzi, Enrico. "Il cinema italiano e francese sulla prima guerra mondiale : una filmografia documentata (1914-2013)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100092.
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L'objectif de ma thèse était de créer un catalogue de films de fiction relatifs à la Première Guerre mondiale produits en Italie et en France entre 1914 et 2013. Méthodologiquement, j'ai travaillé sur une variété de sources (répertoires cinématographiques, revues spécialisés, visas de censure et vision des films) selon la disponibilité des matériaux qui sont parvenus jusqu'à nous. J'ai essayé de proposer une enquête analytique qui comprend aussi des films qui se rapportent la guerre sans la montrer, pour cette raison mon travail sera sûrement incomplet mais il vise à une exhaustivité la plus grande possible. J'ai consacré une attention particulière à la censure exercée par |'État, en particulier jusqu’au les années `GD, une époque où la censure politique a été particulièrement forte. En plus de la censure définitive, j’ai aussi analysé celle préalable (en Italie de 1945 à 1965, en France de 1945 à 1961.] et en relevant deux attitudes qui sont similaires mais avec différentes méthodes d'intervention. Bien que l’enquête soit centrée sur les deux pays, l’espace donné à l’affaire italienne est supérieure à celui français. Le choix de la comparaison avec la France a été conditionné par plusieurs considérations, notamment la centralité qui, encore aujourd'hui, à la Première Guerre mondiale dans les cinémas et la public history française. L'évolution du récit cinématographique a été mise en relation avec le contexte politique, cinématographique, Législatif et historiographique; j'ai aussi essayé de comprendre la réception critique des films à travers deux facteurs : les résultats du box-office et les opinions exprimées dans les revuesThe aim of my thesis was to create a catalog of fiction films related to the First World War produced in Italy and France between 1914 and 2013. Methodologically, 1 worked on a variety of sources (movie collections, specialized magazines, rating and direct viewing of picture show), depending on the availability of materials which came to us. I have tried to propose an analytical investigation that also includes movies concerning the war without showing it; I am well aware my work will be certainly incomplete but it tries to be the more comprehensive possible. I have devoted a special attention to the censorious intervention exercised by the government, particularly until the early Sixties, indeed those years political censorship was very strong. In addition to the analysis of general censorship, I added that of prior one (in Italy 1945-65, in France 1945-61) and I found two similar attitudes but with different methods of intervention. Although the investigation is centered on the two countries, more importance will be given to the Italian CBSE instead of French one. The choice of comparison with France was influenced by several considerations; not least, the main point of the First World War has in both film and French public history even today. These factors have not been strange to the will to compare with the history of this country, considered as one of the most interesting. The evolution of fiction story has been put in relation with the political, cinematographic, and legislative and historiography background; I also tried to understand the film reception through two factors: the results of the box office and the opinions expressed in specialized magazines
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MEDAS, GIULIA MARIA. "¿QUIÉNES FUERON LOS VOLUNTARIOS? Identità, motivazioni, linguaggi e vissuto quotidiano dei volontari italiani nella guerra civile spagnola." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266526.
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This study had the objective of reconstructing motivations, identity construction and political- ideological paths, the daily life and the tensions ideals, although in opposite perspectives, of the Italian volunteers that engaged Spanish civil war in the Republican front inside of the International Brigades, both in troops sent by Mussolini in support of Franco's militias. Taking a cue from the most recent and innovative areas of Italian and Spanish historiography, it is aimed to build a path analysis aimed at critically retrace the events and actions of the Italian volunteers of both sides, from the study of their subjectivity.
Similarly, through the intersection of archival sources, the press and memoirs, has deepened since the data determined by the influence of political myth, such as the Popular Front for the anti-communism for the fascist volunteers, both served as an element of identification and cohesion for those fighters.
In addition, this investigation has to go beyond the point of view of officers, politicians and intellectuals to try to penetrate into the everyday life of these soldiers, from moments of elation for victories and military commitment, to having to relate with the difficulties and brutality of a conflict engaged in a foreign land in a manner and for different reason.
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Cobb, Morgan B. "Sex, Chastity, and Political Power in Medieval and Early Renaissance Representations of the Ermine." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458578117.
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Pitrolo, Flora. "What was before isn't anymore : image, theatre and the Italian New Spectacularity 1978-1984." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2014. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/what-was-before-isn’t-anymore(f63c74ca-32b0-4bbb-a03d-4f65cb93632d).html.
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This thesis is an investigation into Italian experimental theatre practices in the late 1970s and early 1980s commonly referred to as ‘New Spectacularity’, of which it considers the socio-cultural background, the philosophical perspectives and the aesthetic contribution. Conscious of traversing rarely trodden ground, this research takes as its subject the New Spectacularity per se while also considering questions regarding its memory and its theorisation. As such, alongside a careful analysis – in some cases the first – of the theatre it takes as its subject of inquiry, this work is invested in drawing up methods and ways of thinking able to do justice to the complex panorama the work exists within. These concern the study of spectatorship in the historical and of the atmospherical quotient of visual theatres, the investigation of the circulation of images as an intermittent movement, and the consideration of affective stances from which the works of art of an era may be crafted in the past as well as reflected upon in the present. These methods and ways of thinking are formulated alongside a study of the Neo-Spectacular stage in an aim to not only shed light on a neglected yet pivotal moment in Italian theatre, but to also be of use to wider discussions concerning performance in its complex and intertwined travelling alongside postmodern philosophy and culture.
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Morad, Mohammad. "Multiple migrations: social networks and transnational lives of italian bangladeshis in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422845.
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Increasingly, scholars have highlighted that migration is no longer a one-way movement between a country of origin and a destination because migrants move through and settle in several locations in their life trajectories. In this study, I aim to examine the multiple migration experiences, social networks and transnational lives of Bangladeshi first generation migrants who acquired Italian citizenship and this study therefore refers to them ‘Italian Bangladeshis’. This study is carried out by following a multi-sited qualitative research approach, consisting of in-depth interviews and participant observation. The main material for this article is based on fifty in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi first-generation migrants in Italy and the UK.
Chapter Two provides, on the one hand, a brief description of Bangladesh as a migrant-sending country and, on the other hand, a presentation about Italy as an immigrant-receiving country. It has shown that in the case of Bangladeshi migration, even though the choice of the UK is traditionally the top destination for long-term Bangladeshi migrants, Italy has recently emerged as one of their major destinations on this continent. In particular, Bangladeshi migrants started to arrive in this Southern European country from the late 1980s, but rapid growth started from the early 1990s.
Chapter Three is devoted to making a theoretical understanding of the concept of ‘multiple migrations’. This chapter conceptualizes the term multiple migrations by highlighting several terminologies that existing studies adopted in their analysis of multi sage migration trajectories. It also reviews a number of studies that underline a combination of economic, social and cultural factors for this inter-EU mobility. Chapter Four theorises social networks and transnationalism in order to provide a better understanding of how these two concepts are related to the concept of ‘multiple migrations’. This chapter underlines the fact that even though the social networks and transnational ties have an important role in shaping first international migrations, existing empirical research appears not to have largely addressed the ways in which social networks and transnational ties may influence multiple migrations.
Chapter Five is the first empirical chapter of this dissertation that examines the motivation behind emigration, socio-demographic and economic profiles and the region of origin of Italian Bangladeshis who participated in this study.
In Chapter Six, concerning the first research question – the previous destination and motivation for multiple migratory trajectories before arriving in Italy and within Italy - this research has shown that, before arriving in Italy, Bangladeshi first-generation migrants who participated in this study worked for several years in at least two different European, Southeast Asian or Middle Eastern countries. However, some migrants came directly to Italy, but they also stayed for a certain period of time – from a couple of months to years - in several countries as transit migrants. This study finds that the in most cases multiple migrations of the research participants before arriving in Italy were not part of their pre-migration plan. Instead, their multi-stage migrations were motivated by the experiences they encountered in several societies of destination. In most cases, after arriving in Italy, Bangladeshis in this study moved first to the capital city of Rome. After two regularization scheme in 1990 and 1996, when the number of documented Bangladeshis in Rome became larger, they later started internal migration to other Italian cities.
In Chapter Seven, with regard to the second research question in this research - the intention of leaving Italy - findings have shed light on the fact that Italian Bangladeshis want more control over their children by instilling Bengali cultural traditions and inherited religion into their second-generation. In relation to this issue, many of them think that their children are growing up in a kind of Italian cultural environment and day by day their children leaving behind their home culture and Islamic norms. As regards the third research question of this study – the selection of the UK as an onward migration destination – the findings of this research revealed the centrality of the colonial legacy from the cultural and economic perspective. Since the UK is hosting the biggest Bangladeshi diaspora, there is more space created in terms of maintaining and enjoying both Bengali culture and more freedom in practising the religion. The findings of this study also indicate that the political climate of the UK is more welcoming to immigrants and more multicultural compared to their country of EU citizenship, i.e. Italy. With reference to the fourth research question on the motivation to remain in Italy, this study indicates that some of Bangladeshis considered Italy as their last destination. As they were already established in Italy socially and economically, they were afraid that if they made an onward relocation to a new destination it would be a ‘new beginning of migration’.
Chapter eight uncovers how important the composition of social networks and transnational ties are for facilitating the multiple migration trajectories. With reference to the fifth research question - the role of social networks and transnational ties in facilitating multiple migrations - this research shows the importance of strong ties (transnational kinship networks) in the selection of first migration destination of the research participants. Most of them had someone from their immediate family and relatives in the preferred country of destination with whom they were connected. However, In the case of their subsequent migration from the first destination to other destinations, the role of weak ties was important compared to strong ties with close kin. Bangladeshis who arrived in Italy from several countries mostly had networks either with someone from their local district in Bangladesh or with their earlier fellow migrants who moved to Italy before them. The study findings also indicated the importance of weak ties in facilitating their onward migrations to the UK compared to their strong ties. In particular, their relocation to the UK is mainly influenced by the transnational ties with their Italian Bangladeshi fellow migrants who moved from Italy to the UK.
In the Chapter nine, the empirical findings related to the research question six – in what ways do Italian Bangladeshis maintain their transnational connection across multiple destinations – this study suggests that Bangladeshi earlier migrants who have Italian citizenship create their own ‘transnational social field’ by their social, economic, political, religious, and cultural practices across borders through direct and indirect relations. Even though these Italian Bangladeshis lived with family (with their wife and children) for many years outside of their home country and now hold Italian citizenship, but they maintain various transnational contacts with their extended family members, friends and relatives back home’ in Bangladesh and in other countries. Their transnational activities express both ‘ways of being” and ‘ways of belonging’.
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Fronda, Michael P. "The Italians in the Second Punic War." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1046890420.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 422 p.: ill., maps. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Nathan Rosenstein, Dept. of History. Includes bibliographical references (p. 408-422).
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Faherty, Douglas M. "Italian foreign policy : trends for the twenty-first century /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FFaherty.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Daniel J. Moran. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76). Also available online.
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Heath, Clare Charlotte Olivia. "Eduardo Paolozzi : from utopia to dystopia 1928-1958." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15738.
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This thesis explores the early career of Eduardo Paolozzi (1924 – 2005), focusing in particular on his artworks of the 1940s and 1950s. Predominantly known for his post-World War Two activity as an eclectic artist, designer and pedagogue, Paolozzi emerged as an experimental alternative to the modernist formalism of Henry Moore’s generation and remains one of the acknowledged leaders of an artistic movement that helped invigorate the British art scene. The sheer volume and diversity of his creative output, however, its wide-ranging use of descriptive materials and profuse interests, has legitimised the now standard reception of his work as one of wilful, perhaps even whimsical, eclecticism. Thus, he has become simultaneously codified as British artist, child of Surrealism, and ‘father of Pop.’ The thesis presented here intends to offset the standard historiography of Paolozzi’s artistic development, employing instead an interpretation grounded in the artist’s Italian roots and which takes into consideration his exposure to wider avant-garde movements and trends. Such a re-evaluation enables sense to be made of the imagery and ideas present in his work, and gives shape to the superficial incoherence of the ‘fragmentary’ phases apparently marking his output. What emerges is an alternative trajectory, one that moves from the early collages, full of L'Esprit Nouveau and Futuristic enthusiasm for the New World, through his use of Greco-Roman art, mechanisation and Uomo Novo during the years of Fascism, to the more concerted reassessment of the modern post-War world that is embodied in his satirical brutalist sculptures and proto-Pop demythologies, these last works mapping an emergence out of totalitarianism and the rediscovery of ‘democratic and international values.’ In this new analysis, Paolozzi stands as one of the few international figures who consistently developed a mature and idiosyncratic rationale through which a new, non-Fascist modernism was reformulated.
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Fenoglio, Luca. "Resisting the 'final solution'? : ordinary fascists and Jewish policy in Italian-occupied southeastern France, 1942-1943." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25983.
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This thesis investigates fascist Jewish policy in Italian-occupied southeastern France between November 1942 and August 1943. The fascist government repeatedly refused to hand over to its Nazi ally or to its French enemy foreign Jewish refugees in the Italian occupation zone. This decision, which was tantamount to a refusal to collaborate in the extermination of the Jews, was partially overturned in mid-July 1943. This thesis seeks to explain the rationale for the fascist government’s decisions concerning the fates of foreign Jewish refugees in southeastern France. Current scholarship justifies the fascist government’s decisions as a manifestation either of humanitarianism or political expediency. This thesis argues instead that the Italian refusal to partake in the extermination of the Jews was ideological. As the fascist and Nazi leaderships attributed different relevance to the ‘Jewish question’, they consequently prescribed different methods to ‘solve’ it, in the context of their common military effort to win the war. Through the in-depth reconstruction of fascist Jewish policy in southern France, this thesis argues that although the fascist rulers acknowledged the existence of a ‘Jewish problem’, they never considered its solution as vital to their effort to win the war. Unlike the Nazis who considered their war against the Jew as the pivotal issue, thus rendering the physical eradication of all Jews as a conceivable action in the context of a total war, the Italians considered Jews as a secondary threat compared to communists or enemy aliens residing in their occupation zone. In turn, by analysing fascist Jewish policy in the broader geopolitical, diplomatic and military context of the occupation of southeastern France, this thesis demonstrates how, and to what extent, other ethical and practical considerations interacted with the larger ideology in operation. The overall result was a policy in which the murder of Jews was considered politically inexpedient and morally unacceptable, but which was, nevertheless, still persecutory (the Italian authorities interned foreign Jewish refugees in southern France and took measures to prevent their arrival in the Italian occupation zone). At the same time, this thesis reveals that, although the Jewish policy was consistent with the regime’s declared goal to ‘discriminate, but not persecute’ the Jews, it was not a necessary consequence of that goal. Instead, this policy could be negotiated and adjusted should the political need arise, as proved by the decision (ultimately without consequences) to surrender German Jews in mid-July 1943.
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Rouaud, Alain. "Un écrivain éthiopien témoin de son temps : Afa-Warq Gabra Iyasus (1868-1947)." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0004.
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Afa-warq gabra-iyasus est le premier ecrivain ethiopien a avoir simultanement delaisse le gueze pour l'ampharique et a avoir adopte les genres litteraires europeens. A ce titre, il doit etre considere comme le fondateur de la litterature ethiopienne contemporaine. Il est notamment l'auteur d'une grammaire, d'une biographie de menelik, d'un roman, de poemes, d'articles et de pamphlets. Tous sont ecrits dans un style riche et image. Mais sa preoccupation principale (et le film de sa vie en porte les traces), l'amelioration de la societe ethiopienne. Il a preconise son evolution sans "acculturation" vers une forme moderne que la civilisation italienne qu'il connaissait bien pourrait inspirer. Decu par la politique inefficace de hayla-sellase, il a vue dans la presence italienne entre 1936 et 1941 l'ultime chance offerte a son pays de rejoindre rapidement les pays developpes. Il campe un modele d'un esprit libre, d'un ecrivain novateur et de patriote desinteresseAfa-warq gabra-iyasus is the first ethiopian writer who has simultaneously left gueze to amharic and adopted the literary styles of europe. For this reason, he must be considered as the founder of contemporary ethiopian literature. Among others, he has published a grammar, a biography of emperor menelik, a novel, poems, press articles and pamphlets. All these books are written in a language rich and full of images. But his main care (and his life shows it) as been the condition of the ethiopian society. He praised its evolution without "acculturation" towards a modern form which could be inspired by the italian civilisation that he knew very well. He was disapointed by hayla-sellase's policy and the italian occupation of his country appeared to him to be the ultimate chance offered to it to join quickly the developped countries. All his life, afa-warq has been a free-thinker man, a creative author and a sincere patriot
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Malatesta, C. "EARLY MUSIC NEL NOVECENTO ITALIANO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/543226.
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My Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the Early Music movement in Italy between the second post-war period and the end of the seventies in a historic-cultural point of view, limited to the revival of the Medieval repertoire. It is an initial inquiry of a complex and international phenomenon, whose Italian manifestation has still not been an object of research. In this work the phenomenon Early Music – analysed through historical, historiographic and ethnographic criteria – is settled into the broader Italian political, social and cultural context in order to underline the peculiarities, to detect the ideological, esthetical and political reasons which nourished it and to set up connections with other Italian experiences in the second half of the 20th Century, not only what music concern.
The work is articulated in two sections.
The first part focuses on the early music activity from the period of the post-war reconstruction to the early sixties, through the revival of the lauda and of the liturgical drama repertoire, particularly rich in those years. The first chapter deals with the presence of Medieval music in the cultural life of the post-war period, both what discography and live performance concern, with a particular attention on the attitude of the musical criticism. The second chapter broadens the chronologic span researching the origins of the lauda’s fortune during the Fascist era, aiming to a better comprehension of the phenomenon in the following decades. The third chapter focuses on Milan and on the activity of the choral ensemble Polifonica Ambrosiana in order to underline the revival of the ancient Italian repertoire and the choral practise as moment not only of musical, but also of moral reconstruction for the catholic communities before and during the Vatican Council.
The second part examines the decade following the sixty-eight. The first chapter inserts the Italian experience into the international Early Music movement’s frame in the period of the socio-political revolutions, so as to highlight the consonances between the performance and use of early music and the sixty-eight ideals. The second chapter underlines the role of the pre-baroque music as a stimulus to the creation of an alternative musical education towards the academic one, while the third offers a bird’s eye view on the activity of the Italian groups specialised in Medieval music, pointing out some fundamental elements for the construction their identity and self-legitimation. The fourth chapter delves into the Italian Communist Party’s position about cultural politics and its activity within the recreational clubs. The objects of the last chapter are the musical, ideological and political synergies with experiences such as folk-revival and, more generally, with the performance of the folk repertoire and oral tradition.
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Semelsberger, Daniel B. "An Italian Voice Overseas: War and the Making of National Identity in Cleveland, Ohio, 1910-1920." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335530324.
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Ferrero-Regis, Tiziana. "Public history, private memories: Historical imagination in the new Italian cinema 1988-1999." Thesis, Griffith Univeristy, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92669/1/My%20PhD.pdf.
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The concern with the following arguments started during a study of national and international cinemas, from the desire to account for a cinema that internationally was doing well, but was undervalued domestically. The aims were to account for the renewal of Italian filmmaking from 1988, the New Italian cinema, and understand the conditions behind this renewal.
The thesis identifies in the historical theme and in the recurrence of features from Italian cinema history elements of coherence with previous cinema production. The first consideration that emerges is that a triangulation between a new generation of filmmakers, their audience and recent history shaped the recovery of Italian cinema from 1988. A second consideration is that no discussion of Italian cinema can be separated from a discussion of that which it represents: Italian society and politics. This representation has not only addressed questions of identity for a cohort of spectators, but on occasions has captured the attention of the international audience.
Thus the thesis follows a methodologic approach that positions texts in relation to certain traditions in Italian filmmaking and to the context by taking into consideration also industrial factors and social and historical changes. By drawing upon a range of disciplines, from political history to socio-psychological studies, the thesis has focussed on representation of history and memory in two periods of Italian film history: the first and the last decade of twentieth century. The concern has been not so much to interpret the films, but to understand the processes that made the films and how spectarors have applied their knowledge structures to make meaning of the films. Thus the thesis abstains from ascribing implicit meanings to films, but acknowledges how films project cultural contingencies. This is beacause film is shaped by production conditions and cultural and historical circumstances that make the film intelligible. As Bordwell stated in Making Meaning, "One can do other things with films besides 'reading' them" (1989, p. xiii).
Within this framework, the thesis proposes a project that understands history films with the norms that govern Italian filmic output, those norms that regulate conditions of production and consumption and the relation between films from various traditions.
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Bagnara, Sonia. "Il Politically Correct tra Stati Uniti e Italia. Analisi delle serie Netflix Bridgerton e Zero." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25290/.
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Nascita e sviluppo del fenomeno Politically Correct negli Stati Uniti con riferimento alle Culture Wars e i Cultural Studies. Il concetto di Politically Correct in Italia. Casi studio sulla Censura e sul Politically Correct in entrambi i paesi. Analisi delle serie Netflix Bridgerton e Zero.
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Baldi, Giada. "Una migrazione controllata : selezione e controllo politico dei migranti italiani in Belgio nel secondo dopoguerra (1946-1956)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100199.
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La thèse traite de l'émigration organisée italienne vers la Belgique pendant la première décennie du deuxième après-guerre (1946-1956) et, notamment, des "aspects politiques" du recrutement des travailleurs et du "contrôle politique" de leurs activités dans le pays de destination. Malgré l’origine principalement économique de ce phénomène migratoire, on s’est proposé de centrer le travail de recherche sur les questions d’ordre politique qui caractérisèrent l’administration de ce flux migratoire, liées soit aux deux contextes nationaux de départ et arrivée, soit à la conjoncture internationale de la Guerre froide. Les buts de la recherche ont donc été la reconsidération de l’entrecroisement de facteurs économiques et politiques dans la gestion de cet exode de travail, l’analyse des stratégies et des divergents intérêts politiques de l’Italie et de la Belgique, ainsi que l’examen de l’incidence concrète de ces questions politiques sur la vie des migrants. L’étude a été structurée en deux parties. Dans la première partie, on a analysé le système de recrutement des travailleurs en Italie et les opérations de sélection des candidats à l’émigration mises en œuvre par la Mission belge et par les autres fonctionnaires belges installés auprès du Centre d’émigration à Milan. Dans la deuxième partie, d’un côté on a analysé l’encadrement politique des migrants italiens en Belgique – au niveau de l’assistance et des services sociaux, du syndicalisme et de la presse destinée à la communauté italienne – et de l’autre côté, face à l’interdiction aux étrangers de faire de la politique, on a pris en considération la surveillance policière et les expulsions des Italiens du territoire belgeThe thesis deals with the post-war Italian assisted migration to Belgium (1946-1956) and it is particularly focused on the "political aspects" of the selection of migrant workers and on the "political control" of their activities in the receiving country. Despite the economic origins of this migration flow, my intention was in fact to study all the political issues concerning the management of the phenomenon, with reference both to the two national contexts of departure and arrival, and to international political circumstances, marked by the Cold War. The principal aims of my research were, therefore, to reconsider the interconnection between economic and political factors; to delve into the divergent strategies and political interests of the two countries involved in organising such working exodus; and to examine the real implications of political questions on migrants’ lives. The dissertation is composed of two main parts. In the first part, I have examined the recruitment system implemented in Italy, as well as the selection of candidates carried out by the Belgian Commission and by other Belgian officials at the Migration Centre in Milan. In the second part, instead, I have studied the political control over Italian migrants with respect to associations, social care and services, trade unions and newspapers on the one hand, and on the other hand, I have taken into account police surveillance and expulsion measures related to the Belgian ban on foreigners getting into politics
La tesi tratta dell'emigrazione assistita italiana verso il Belgio nel primo decennio del secondo dopoguerra (1946-1956) e, in particolare, degli "aspetti politici" del reclutamento dei lavoratori migranti e del "controllo politico" delle loro attività nel Paese di destinazione. Nonostante la matrice essenzialmente economica dell’esodo lavorativo in esame, mi sono proposta di incentrare lo studio sulle questioni di natura politica che caratterizzarono l’amministrazione del flusso migratorio, legate tanto ai due contesti nazionali di partenza e di arrivo, quanto al contesto internazionale della Guerra fredda. La ricerca intendeva insomma riconsiderare l’intreccio tra fattori politici ed economici nell’organizzazione dell’emigrazione organizzata postbellica verso il Belgio, esaminare le strategie e gli interessi politici dei due Paesi coinvolti, nonché indagare il concreto impatto di tali questioni politiche sulle vite dei migranti. La trattazione si articola quindi in due parti. Nella prima parte ho analizzato il sistema di reclutamento dei lavoratori sul territorio italiano, oltre che le operazioni di selezione dei candidati all’emigrazione effettuate dalla Commissione belga e dai vari funzionari belgi presso il Centro di emigrazione di Milano. Nella seconda parte invece sono state prese in esame, da un lato, le strategie di "contenimento politico" della collettività italiana nel Royaume – nell’ambito dell’assistenza, dell’associazionismo, del sindacalismo e della stampa – dall’altro lato, la sorveglianza da parte della polizia belga e le espulsioni di immigrati italiani per motivi di ordine politico
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Springer, Scalise Rosina. "Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), un intellectuel libéral italien face à la guerre, à la paix et au totalitarisme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG033/document.
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L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier d'une part la place que tient la guerre dans l'œuvre de l'historien et philosophe italien Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), à la fois lorsqu'il étudie l'Histoire, notamment celle du XIXe siècle, et lorsqu'il réagit aux événements dont il est le contemporain : guerres d'Ethiopie de 1896 et 1935, de Libye de 1911-1912 et « pacification » dans les années vingt et trente, Première Guerre mondiale, Guerre d'Espagne, Seconde Guerre mondiale. La guerre est-elle parfois légitime ? Est-elle nécessaire à la construction et à l'affermissement de l'état italien ? Ou au contraire est-elle à éviter à tout prix ? Ces questions sont complexes car la guerre n'est pas l'apanage du fascisme, mais a déjà été l'un des caractères importants du régime libéral qui a précédé le fascisme en Italie. Ce travail de recherche porte également sur la pensée et l'action de Benedetto Croce en ce qui concerne le maintien puis la réinstauration de la paix, notamment après les deux guerres mondiales, et son engagement pro-européen. L'étude s'est appuyée sur le croisement entre les œuvres de Benedetto Croce et les documents contenus dans les Archives d'Etat à Rome, comme les dossiers de la Police Politique fasciste qui a surveillé Croce pendant des décennies à cause de son engagement antifascisteThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the part that war plays in the works of the Italian historian and philosopher, Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), when he studies History -in particular that of the 19th century- as well as when he reacts to the events of which he is a contemporary: wars in Ethiopia in 1896 and 1935, in Libya in 1911- 1912 and “pacification” in the nineteen twenties and thirties, First World War, Spanish War, Second World War. Is war sometimes legitimate? Is it necessary to the construction and strengthening of the Italian State? Or on the contrary is it to be avoided at all costs? These are complex questions, for war is not the prerogative of fascism but has already been one of the important characteristics of the liberal regime that preceded fascism in Italy. This research is also focused on the thought and action of Benedetto Croce concerning peace maintaining and then restoring, in particular after both world wars, and his commitment to Europe. The study is based upon the interplay of Benedetto Croce’s works and the documents found in the State Archives in Rome, like the files of the fascist political police who watched Croce during decades because of his anti-fascist commitment
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Mengo, Francesco Maria. "La Minoranza italiana in Istria: localismo, nazioanlità e costruzione di un'identificazione jugoslava (1943-1954)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460891.
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Aquesta recerca es proposa analitzar els processos de teorització i les pràctiques
d'identificació de la minoria italiana que es va quedar a Ístria després de la Segona
guerra mundial, a partir de la unió i l'acció simultànea de tres formes d'identificació ja
existents: la local, la nacional i la política socialista. Aquestes van ser replantejades a
partir dels seus principis interpretatius i van prendre noves formes d'expressió, en un
marc de canvi polític radical. La minoria italiana de la península istriana va
desenvolupar nous plantejaments de les esmentades tres formes d'autodefinició, arran
dels canvis d'autoritat i del creixement de la pacificació social al llarg dels anys. La
minoria va fer realitat les seves noves teoritzacions d'identificació amb la seva activitat
d'associacionisme i d'involucrament ciutadà, passant gradualment de narracions de
culpabilització de si mateixa i de les seves condicions anteriors a una presència més
activa, propositiva i reivindicativa a la societat istriana.This research analyzes the theoretical processes and practices of identification of the Italian minority that remained in Istria after World war II. That identification came into effect through the simultaneous action of three preexisting forms of identification (local, national and socialist). Such forms were reinterpreted and re-expressed into new narratives, in a context of radical political change. The Italian minority of the Istrian peninsula developed new proposals for the three above-mentioned forms of selfdefinition, as a result of political changes and the growth of social appeasement throughout the years after World war II. These proposals were later put into effect by the minority's association and its members' activism, gradually stepping from guilt narratives – due to the group's previous living conditions – to the achievement of an active presence in the Istrian society, with a noticeable reclaiming attitude.
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Budden, Michael John. "British policy towards Fascist Italy in the early stages of the Second World War." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/british-policy-towards-fascist-italy-in-the-early-stages-of-the-second-world-war(b0b9cb23-fc13-491d-b466-309c0cf49ee4).html.
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Bordignon, Mattia. "Forces Of Liberalism And Conservatism In The Nineteenth Century: A Comparative Study On The Italian Peninsula And The Ottoman Empire." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613829/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyses the position of the Ottoman Empire and the Italian penin-
sula and their position in the international scenario during the 19th century.
This work studies the developments in the Ottoman Empire and the Italian
peninsula from the beginning of the Tanzimat (in the Ottoman Empire) and
the Risorgimento (in the Italian peninsula), until the Crimean War, and eval-
uates the consequences of these events for the European balance of power.
These developments took place at a time when Europe was divided be-
tween conservative and liberal states, the formers being represented by Russia
and the Habsburg Empire, the latters by Great Britain and France. This the-
sis, while focusing on the role played by these great Powers in influencing the
Ottoman Empire and the Italian peninsula during the first half of the 19th
century, also considers the international developments that followed the out-
break of the Crimean War.
The Crimean War in fact saw the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of
Sardinia allying themselves with the liberal forces, a choice consistent with the
political path these two states were following in their internal reforms, which
they were undertaking to allow them to meet the challenges of evolving times.
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La, Monica Alessandro. "Édition critique de La guerra a Milano de Franco Fortini." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040064.
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Ma recherche est une étude qui reconstitue le milieu littéraire, culturel et intellectuel dans lequel se trouve l’écrivain italien Franco Fortini (1917-1994) pendant son séjour en Suisse. La section centrale de la thèse est une édition critique de La guerra a Milano qui, d’un côté, fait ressortir la leçon originaire destinée à être publiée en Suisse, et qui de l’autre rend évident, à travers l’apparat critique, l’évolution des variantes introduites par les éditions de presse. Le texte qui fut publié en 1963, en effet, issu d’un travail de correction effectué vingt ans plus tard, fut privé des passages en italique qui, décrivant la condition de réfugié du jeune écrivain, créaient un remarquable contrepoint à la narration historique. Le texte du ’63, de plus, n’a plus un rôle autonome, mais est accompagné (ou mieux – contre la chronologie – anticipé) par le récit Sere in Valdossola. Avoir récupéré cette forme originaire du texte, en la préférant aux deux éditions (1963 et 1985), nous a fait pencher pour une édition qui mette en évidence la leçon de Z (1943-44) et signale en apparat soit les variantes génétiques (celles de Z, placées dans le premier paragraphe), soit les variantes évolutives des éditions de presse (à recenser dans un second paragraphe). Dans l’appendice on a reproduit aussi la leçon du manuscrit, accompagnée d’un apparat qui signale les variantes internes. Un bref commentaire final comprend des notes explicatives du texte (des traductions des passages en langue étrangère, des références à des personnages ou à des évènements historiques, etc.). Ma recherche permettra ainsi aux chercheurs (et, plus tard, par une éventuelle publication de la thèse à des lecteurs plus nombreux) de connaître un document inédit d’un des auteurs italiens les plus remarquables de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècleMy research examines the literary, cultural and intellectual milieu in which the Italian writer Franco Fortini (1917-1994) lived during his stay in Switzerland. During this stay, in fact, Fortini tied many friendships with Italian and French intellectuals, such as Ignazio Silone, Adriano Olivetti, Gianfranco Contini, Starobinski, Paul Eluard, Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. The central section of the thesis is a critical edition of La guerra a Milano which, on one hand, highlights the original lesson to be published in Switzerland, and on the other, makes clear, through the critical apparatus, the changing variants introduced by the new editions. The text was published in 1963, in fact, after a twenty-years-long correction work, and was deprived of the italicized passages describing the refugee status of the young writer, that created a remarkable counterpoint to the historical narration. The 1963 text has an autonomous role, but it is accompanied (or better - against the timing - advanced) by the story in Sere Valdossola. To have recovered this original text, instead of the two editions (1963 and 1985), highlights the lesson of the typescript (1943-1944). In the appendix we have also reproduced the lesson of the manuscript, accompanied by notes that signal internal variants. A brief final comment includes explanatory notes of the text (translations of foreign-language passages, references to characters or historical events, etc.). My research will thus enable researchers (and, later, thanks to eventual publication of the thesis, many others readers) knowing an unpublished document of one of the most outstanding Italian writers of the second half of the twentieth century. La guerra a Milano is Fortini’s first text to be written in its entirety and to be reissued during the postwar period with the publication of Sere in Valdossola (1963)
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MAGGI, VANESSA. "La città italianissima. Usi e immagini di Trieste nel dibattito politico del dopoguerra (1945-1954)." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2670755.
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MALPENSA, MARCELLO. "L'EPISCOPATO ITALIANO E LA GRANDE GUERRA: DISCORSO PUBBLICO E DISCORSO INTERNO (1914-1918)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/714.
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Fino ad oggi, la storiografia occupatasi dell'atteggiamento tenuto dai vescovi italiani nel corso del primo conflitto mondiale aveva affrontato il tema in base a un’ottica essenzialmente politica, volta a stabilire la maggiore o minore adesione dell'episcopato agli ideali patriottici e il suo grado di sostegno alla guerra. In questo studio, da una parte l'analisi del discorso pastorale pubblicamente prodotto dall'episcopato italiano sulla e nella Grande Guerra, dall'altra l'analisi del discorso indirizzato all'interno della gerarchia ecclesiastica sia verso il basso (sacerdoti-soldati e chierici combattenti) sia verso l'alto (S. Sede), consentono di evidenziare le reali categorie interpretative con cui l'evento-guerra venne compreso e giudicato dai vescovi. Il quadro che ne emerge appare variamente articolato: se la retorica patriottica non mancò di manifestarsi, il discorso dominante fu tuttavia rappresentato dalla lettura provvidenzialistica del conflitto, che, culminando nell'attribuzione di un significato salvifico alla morte per la patria in guerra, svolse una funzione decisiva nel legittimare la partecipazione dei fedeli ad essa. L'analisi della corrispondenza tra i vescovi e i chierici combattenti e tra i vescovi e la S. Sede mostra l'esistenza di sfumature e di altre sensibilità, certamente importanti da registrare, ma non sufficienti a mutare il profilo complessivo emerso dall'analisi del discorso pubblico.Until today, the historiography concerning the attitude of Italian bishops during the First World War dealt with the subject from essentially a political perspective, focused on bishops' commitment to patriotic ideals and the level of support for the war. This research takes into account, on the one hand, the analysis of the pastoral discourse made publicly by the Italian bishops about and during the «Great War», and on the other hand, the analysis of the discourse inside of the church hierarchy addressed both downwards (to priest-soldiers and fighting seminarists) and upwards (to the Holy See). Thus, the actual explanatory categories by which the war-event was understood and judged by bishops are revealed. The picture that emerges is heterogeneous: beyond patriotic rhetoric, the most dominant finding is represented by providential reading of the conflict. By attaching a redemptive meaning to death from fighting for one's country, it proved to be a decisive factor in legitimising the participation of the faithful. The analysis of the correspondence between the bishops and fighting seminarists, and between the bishops and the Holy See demonstrates the existence of different tones and sensibilities. Although worth recording, they do not seem to change the overall picture that the public discourse displays.
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MALPENSA, MARCELLO. "L'EPISCOPATO ITALIANO E LA GRANDE GUERRA: DISCORSO PUBBLICO E DISCORSO INTERNO (1914-1918)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/714.
Full textAbstract:
Fino ad oggi, la storiografia occupatasi dell'atteggiamento tenuto dai vescovi italiani nel corso del primo conflitto mondiale aveva affrontato il tema in base a un’ottica essenzialmente politica, volta a stabilire la maggiore o minore adesione dell'episcopato agli ideali patriottici e il suo grado di sostegno alla guerra. In questo studio, da una parte l'analisi del discorso pastorale pubblicamente prodotto dall'episcopato italiano sulla e nella Grande Guerra, dall'altra l'analisi del discorso indirizzato all'interno della gerarchia ecclesiastica sia verso il basso (sacerdoti-soldati e chierici combattenti) sia verso l'alto (S. Sede), consentono di evidenziare le reali categorie interpretative con cui l'evento-guerra venne compreso e giudicato dai vescovi. Il quadro che ne emerge appare variamente articolato: se la retorica patriottica non mancò di manifestarsi, il discorso dominante fu tuttavia rappresentato dalla lettura provvidenzialistica del conflitto, che, culminando nell'attribuzione di un significato salvifico alla morte per la patria in guerra, svolse una funzione decisiva nel legittimare la partecipazione dei fedeli ad essa. L'analisi della corrispondenza tra i vescovi e i chierici combattenti e tra i vescovi e la S. Sede mostra l'esistenza di sfumature e di altre sensibilità, certamente importanti da registrare, ma non sufficienti a mutare il profilo complessivo emerso dall'analisi del discorso pubblico.Until today, the historiography concerning the attitude of Italian bishops during the First World War dealt with the subject from essentially a political perspective, focused on bishops' commitment to patriotic ideals and the level of support for the war. This research takes into account, on the one hand, the analysis of the pastoral discourse made publicly by the Italian bishops about and during the «Great War», and on the other hand, the analysis of the discourse inside of the church hierarchy addressed both downwards (to priest-soldiers and fighting seminarists) and upwards (to the Holy See). Thus, the actual explanatory categories by which the war-event was understood and judged by bishops are revealed. The picture that emerges is heterogeneous: beyond patriotic rhetoric, the most dominant finding is represented by providential reading of the conflict. By attaching a redemptive meaning to death from fighting for one's country, it proved to be a decisive factor in legitimising the participation of the faithful. The analysis of the correspondence between the bishops and fighting seminarists, and between the bishops and the Holy See demonstrates the existence of different tones and sensibilities. Although worth recording, they do not seem to change the overall picture that the public discourse displays.
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Lamal, Nina. "Le orecchie si piene di Fiandra : Italian news and histories on the Revolt in the Netherlands (1566-1648)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6902.
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This thesis examines the Italian news reports, political debates and histories of the revolt in the Netherlands between 1566 and 1648. Many Italians were directly involved in this conflict and were keen narrators of these wars. Despite this, a systematic study of the Italian interest for the conflict has not yet been undertaken. This thesis argues that the complex political constellation of the Italian peninsula, dominated by the Habsburg monarchy, shaped the Italian news, debates and interpretations of the Dutch Revolt. Chapter one examines the different ways in which news from the Low Countries reached Italian states. It demonstrates that Italian military officers, active on the battlefield in the Netherlands in the Habsburg army, played a crucial role as purveyors of news and opinion on the conflict. The two following chapters study the circulation of political treatises on the Italian peninsula. Chapter two reconstructs the debates sparked by the events in the Low Countries between 1576 and 1577. Chapter three examines the descriptions of the emergence of a new state in the Northern Netherlands and the discourses on war and peace between 1590 and 1609. Chapter four looks into the development of a market for printed news pamphlets and explores the connections between manuscript and printed news. Chapter five studies how news was used by Italian history writers in their contemporary chronicles. It also investigates how these authors celebrated Italian protagonists in the war as Italian and Catholic heroes. The conclusion examines the evolution of all these Italian discourses related to Dutch Revolt.
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Rossi, Mirian Silva. "Fronteiras da pátria: dos campos sem vida aos campos de morte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-14032017-153447/.
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O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa teve como plataforma inicial de reflexão o epistolário de Americo Orlando, nascido no Brasil três meses após a chegada de sua família, emigrada da Itália meridional em 1895. A série epistolar de quase uma centena de cartas e cartões postais enviados do front italiano da Primeira Guerra Mundial traz à luz dois dos maiores e mais traumáticos episódios que a humanidade já presenciou: a Grande Imigração e a Grande Guerra (1914-1918), que em um dado momento se cruzam em território brasileiro. A análise das questões que se referem à Grande Imigração concentra-se, sobretudo, na situação conjuntural e nos diversos aspectos que caracterizaram a imigração italiana meridional na capital de São Paulo, entre os séculos XIX e XX. A Grande Guerra, circunscrita aqui à guerra entre o Reino de Itália e o Império Austro-Húngaro, tem como foco de análise, não os aspectos militar, tático ou estratégico, político ou econômico, mas a dimensão e o alcance dessa tragédia mundial, que atingiu milhares de civis e militares. Neste contexto, destaca-se a convocação dos imigrantes italianos de além-mar, particularmente os residentes no Brasil. Considerando o duplo objeto de investigação, cuja essência, pela sua magnitude e complexidade, encontra-se no cruzamento das ciências sociais, privilegiou-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar, com o livre trânsito do conhecimento através dos saberes e a adoção de conceitos que envolvem diversas especialidades. Ressalte-se que o presente estudo, a despeito de ter como fonte cartas pessoais enviadas do front de guerra, não é pautado por uma história de vida ou uma história de guerra. O seu título, Fronteiras da Pátria: dos campos sem vida aos campos de morte, intenta indicar o percurso dos emigrantes do antigo Reino das Duas Sicílias, que atravessando inúmeras fronteiras, materiais e imateriais, deixaram para trás os campos sem vida da Itália do sul, em busca de uma nova pátria, onde reconstruíram as condições mínimas de existência, refizeram os seus laços, estabeleceram os seus vínculos, até os seus filhos serem chamados para os campos de morte da Primeira Guerra Mundial.The development of this research had as initial platform for reflection the epistolary of Americo Orlando, born in Brazil three months after the arrival of his family, emigrated from southern Italy in 1895. The epistolary series nearly a hundred letters and postcards sent by the Italian battle front during the World War I brings to light two of the biggest and most traumatic episodes that mankind has ever witnessed: the Great Immigration and the Great War (1914-1918), which at a given time has crossed in Brazilian territory. The analysis of the issues relating the Great Immigration are mainly focuses on the conjuncture situation and on the various aspects that characterized the southern Italian immigration to the São Paulo´s capital, between the 19th and 20th centuries. The Great War, limited here to the war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire has, as focus of analysis, not the military, tactical or strategic, political or economic aspects, but the dimension and scope of this world tragedy, which has hit thousands of civilians and military. In this context, stand out the overseas Italian immigrants recruitment, particularly the Brazilian residents. Considering the double object under research whose essence, by its magnitude and complexity is at the intersection of the social sciences, the emphasis is on an interdisciplinary approach with the free movement through knowledge, and the adoption of concepts involving several specialties. It should be stressed that the present study, in spite of having as a source personal letters sent from the front lines of war, it is not based on a life story or a story of war. Its title, Borders of Homeland: from the lifeless fields to the death camps, try to indicate the route of the emigrants of the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, who crossed many borders, material and immaterial, leaving behind the lifeless fields of southern Italy in search of a new homeland, where they rebuilt the minimum conditions of existence, redid their ties, established their linkages, until their sons be called to the death camps of the First World War.
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Gao, Dodo Yun. "Terror' and 'horror' in the 'masculine' and 'feminine' Gothic : Matthew Lewis's The Monk ( 1796) and Ann Radcliffe's The Italian (1797)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586630.
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Sparks, Benjamin J. "The War Without a Name: The Use of Propaganda in the Decolonization War of Algeria." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2921.
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The Algerian war for independence, 1954-1962, also known as the War Without a Name due to its lack of recognition as a war by the French government, remains an indelible scar on the face of France. The Algerian war represents one of the most critical moments in modern French history since the French Revolution (Le Sueur 256), putting into question the motto of the French republic, "liberté, égalité, fraternité". This thesis will show that although the French won the war militarily they lost the war of ideas, that of propaganda and persuasion. Thus, this thesis will demonstrate that propaganda by the French for the aims of maintaining a French Algeria should have played a larger role than is evident. The use of propaganda and persuasion dates from the beginning of Greek analysis of rhetoric and has been used in various environments and circumstances throughout the ages in order to persuade the masses of the opinions and ideals of the propagandist. In Algeria, the message presented by the French through propaganda did not attain the desired result: maintaining a French Algeria. The combination of the Algerian determination for independence and the ineffective propaganda by the French resulted in a humiliating loss for the French forces and the loss of territory deemed integral to French society. After over 130 years of colonial rule, and eight grueling years of revolutionary war, Algeria received its independence.
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Ganzarolli, Giovanna. "La ceramica comune dall’alto al basso medioevo in Veneto (Italia) : tipologie, commerci e analisi sui residui organici." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0363/document.
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Cette recherche doctorale porte sur l’analyse des « céramiques communes à pâte grossière » issues de 4 fouilles archéologiques de la Vénétie : celles de la cathédrale de Padoue, de Rocca de Monselice (Padoue), du château de Montagnone à Montegrotto Terme (Padoue) et de l’ancien cinéma Astra à Chioggia (Venise). Cette recherche se focalise plus particulièrement sur la « céramique commune à pâte grossière » employée pour l’usage culinaire à l’échelle de la Vénétie. Elle vise à mieux comprendre les changements de morphologies, de matières premières employées mais également de fonctionnalité entre le IVe et le XIV siècle apr. J.-C. Dans le cadre de ce travail, cette catégorie de céramique a été étudiée à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire associant, à la démarche d’archéologique et de typologique classique, des observations pétrographiques et des analyses chimiques de résidus organiques. La combinaison de ces expértises a permis d’observer :• une évolution typologique à l’échelle de la période chronologique investie pour la région de Padoue ces dernières ayant été confrontée avec des données déjà publiée pour la région de la Vénétie et des territoires limitrophes ;• des caractéristiques pétrographiques et un changement des « recettes » de pâtes employées dans la production de la céramique pour les usages culinaires ;• certains aspects fonctionnels des céramiques, notamment sur pour artefacts retrouvés lors de la fouille de la cathédrale de Padoue, permettant même de proposer des hypothèses sur les habitudes alimentaires ;• un lien entre l’évolution des « céramiques communes à pâte grossière » et les dynamiques économiques et politiques régionalesThe aim of this research is the study of cooking wares, founded in 4 archaeological sites of Veneto region (North-eastern Italy): the archaeological excavation near the Padua cathedral, the archaeological excavation of Rocca di Monselice Castle (PD); the archeological sites of Montagnone of Montegrotto Terme castle; and the excavation in the ex-cinema Astra in Chioggia (VE). Therefore the object of this research is to observe over long time (from 4th to 14/15th century) the cooking wares of a small territory of Veneto region, the central-eastern part, to understand the evolutional change of morphologies, the origins of raw materials and the pottery function.The pottery was studied with the exploitation of different techniques and methodologies: the archaeological and typological approach; the petrographical analysis and the organic residue analysis. This method allowed the observation of:$\begin{itemize}\item the pottery morphological evolution, over long time in a small territory, taking into account also the published ceramic datas of Veneto and the nearest regions;\item the petrographical characteristic and the different use of ceramic paste over a log term for the cooking wares;\item for the archaeological site of Padua cathedral, the functional aspect of pottery. This aspect permits to speculate on the diet habits;\item the link between the cooking and coarse wares and the historical and economical aspects of Veneto. \end{itemize}$Finally this research gives a database to better understand the production characteristics of Paduan cooking wares
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Smittenaar, Richard. "Keeping Europe in order : conservative international political thought in Victorian Britain, 1854-1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/35983.
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Conservative international thought in Victorian Britain is a prominent landmark in the landscape of international thought which has up to now gone unmapped. In illuminating this body of thought, the thesis addresses weaknesses present in three different historiographies. As the first detailed study of conservative international thought in Victorian Britain, the thesis rectifies a marked bias in Victorian intellectual history towards the study of liberal and radical thought. Furthermore, by analysing the political thought of major representatives of the conservative educated classes, this thesis provides context for the history of conservative high politics, thereby leading us to view these in a different light. Finally, this study, by providing a historically nuanced account of the evolution of major themes of international relations theory in mid-Victorian Britain, functions as a corrective to the self-history of the academic field of International Relations. The thesis makes its argument by analysing conservative contributions in periodicals, pamphlets, and newspapers to British public debates on international affairs, from the Crimean War (1854-56) until the Eastern Question crisis of 1876-80. The general claim of this thesis is that there existed a distinctly conservative perspective on the international sphere. The core elements of this conservative perspective were the primacy of statesmen in setting foreign policy; of interests, military force, and stature in determining the course of international politics; and of order and equilibrium as its normative content. Conservative authors used this constellation of ideas in the major debates of the mid-Victorian era on international affairs, both as a means to make sense of events, and as a counterpoint to liberal narratives - with which Victorian international thought is all too often identified. In recovering the international political thought of Victorian conservatives, this thesis illuminates an important but neglected aspect of how international relations were understood and conceptualised in mid-Victorian Britain.
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Baier, Thilo. "Neubeginn nach Kriegsende 1945: Kommunale Reorganisation, wirtschaftlicher Wiederaufbau und soziale Lage in den Städten Landshut, Straubing, Treviso und Vicenza - ein Vergleich." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-102743.
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Leone, Alice. ""L'opera ostinata e devota del personale rimasto" : l'’Amministrazione italiana e la protezione del patrimonio artistico tra 1943 e 1945." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86051.
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INNOCENTI, GIACOMO. "FRA PRIORITA' NAZIONALI E CONTINENTAL COMMITMENT. LA STRATEGIA BRITANNICA NEL PRIMO CONFLITTO MONDIALE E L'INTERVENTO SUL FRONTE ITALIANO 1917 - 1919." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19573.
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In questo lavoro è stata studiata l’evoluzione della strategia di sicurezza imperiale della Gran Bretagna. Il periodo preso in esame è compreso tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi anni del Novecento. Alla luce di questa evoluzione e del contesto internazionale che l’ha generata, è studiata la strategia seguita da Londra durante il primo conflitto mondiale, analizzando il caso dell’intervento della British Army in Italia dopo la battaglia di Caporetto.
La tesi mostra come l’immobilità del fronte occidentale spinse il Governo britannico a cercare nuovi fronti al fine di garantire i suoi obiettivi strategici.
In questo contesto è inserito l’ingresso dell’Italia nel conflitto. Lo studio evidenzia come la Gran Bretagna intendesse il fronte italiano quale strumento per sottrarre risorse alla Germania. Dopo Caporetto gli inglesi, giunti in Italia per supportare l’esercito italiano, cercarono di utilizzarlo con il fine di escludere l’Austria-Ungheria dal conflitto e isolare la Germania.
La tesi dimostra come, dal punto di vista inglese, il fronte italiano fosse un esempio di expeditionary strategy, ma che divenne una componente veramente integrata della difesa imperiale britannica solo nel momento in cui l’Italia isolò la Germania e si preparò a invaderla da sud, dopo la battaglia di Vittorio Veneto.The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the British Imperial security strategy. The work investigates the period between the end of the 18th Century and the beginning of the 19th. In the light of the evolution and the international contest that created it, it is studied the strategy applied by London during the First World War and will be analysed the case of the British Army’s expedition in Italy after the battle of Caporetto. The thesis shows that the immobility of the western front led the British Government to seek new fronts in order to gain its strategic objectives. The study shows how Great Britain interpreted the Italian front such as a tool to take resources away from Germany. After Caporetto the British came to Italy to support the Italian Army, they tried to use it to exclude Austria-Hungary from the conflict and to close off Germany. The thesis proves that, by the British point of view, the Italian front was an example of expeditionary strategy, but it became an integrated part of the Imperial British strategy only when Italy isolated Germany and organised its invasion from the South, after the battle of Vittorio Veneto.
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INNOCENTI, GIACOMO. "FRA PRIORITA' NAZIONALI E CONTINENTAL COMMITMENT. LA STRATEGIA BRITANNICA NEL PRIMO CONFLITTO MONDIALE E L'INTERVENTO SUL FRONTE ITALIANO 1917 - 1919." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19573.
Full textAbstract:
In questo lavoro è stata studiata l’evoluzione della strategia di sicurezza imperiale della Gran Bretagna. Il periodo preso in esame è compreso tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi anni del Novecento. Alla luce di questa evoluzione e del contesto internazionale che l’ha generata, è studiata la strategia seguita da Londra durante il primo conflitto mondiale, analizzando il caso dell’intervento della British Army in Italia dopo la battaglia di Caporetto.
La tesi mostra come l’immobilità del fronte occidentale spinse il Governo britannico a cercare nuovi fronti al fine di garantire i suoi obiettivi strategici.
In questo contesto è inserito l’ingresso dell’Italia nel conflitto. Lo studio evidenzia come la Gran Bretagna intendesse il fronte italiano quale strumento per sottrarre risorse alla Germania. Dopo Caporetto gli inglesi, giunti in Italia per supportare l’esercito italiano, cercarono di utilizzarlo con il fine di escludere l’Austria-Ungheria dal conflitto e isolare la Germania.
La tesi dimostra come, dal punto di vista inglese, il fronte italiano fosse un esempio di expeditionary strategy, ma che divenne una componente veramente integrata della difesa imperiale britannica solo nel momento in cui l’Italia isolò la Germania e si preparò a invaderla da sud, dopo la battaglia di Vittorio Veneto.The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the British Imperial security strategy. The work investigates the period between the end of the 18th Century and the beginning of the 19th. In the light of the evolution and the international contest that created it, it is studied the strategy applied by London during the First World War and will be analysed the case of the British Army’s expedition in Italy after the battle of Caporetto. The thesis shows that the immobility of the western front led the British Government to seek new fronts in order to gain its strategic objectives. The study shows how Great Britain interpreted the Italian front such as a tool to take resources away from Germany. After Caporetto the British came to Italy to support the Italian Army, they tried to use it to exclude Austria-Hungary from the conflict and to close off Germany. The thesis proves that, by the British point of view, the Italian front was an example of expeditionary strategy, but it became an integrated part of the Imperial British strategy only when Italy isolated Germany and organised its invasion from the South, after the battle of Vittorio Veneto.
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Le, Gac Julie. "Splendeurs et misères du Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Italie : (novembre 1942 - juillet 1944)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0061.
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En portant pour la première fois depuis la défaite de 1940 l’étendard tricolore sur le sol européen, le Corps Expéditionnaire Français accomplit un geste capital pour le relèvement national. La force du symbole ne saurait occulter ses vicissitudes. La thèse propose une histoire totale du CEF, du débarquement allié en Afrique du Nord en novembre 1942 à son retrait d’Italie en juillet 1944. Au-delà des opérations militaires, il importait de revenir sur la genèse du CEF : d’évaluer la mobilisation générale de l’AFN à laquelle répondent sans enthousiasme Européens et indigènes, d’étudier les affres de la fusion entre l’armée d’Afrique et les Forces Françaises Libres et d’observer les liens entre Français et Alliés, alors que les armes fournies par Washington accentuent la dépendance tricolore. Enjeu diplomatique pour Alger, la participation française est examinée à la lumière des débats sur la stratégie méditerranéenne. Théâtre d’opérations secondaire, la campagne d’Italie se révèle fort éprouvante. La thèse analyse alors l’anatomie de la bataille : la violence de la guerre de positions pendant l’hiver 1943-1944, les souffrances des combattants et les pertes physiques et psychiatriques. Elle s’intéresse aussi aux loisirs des soldats, à l’exercice de la discipline et à la nature des relations coloniales au sein de l’armée. La thèse évalue ensuite le rôle du CEF dans la libération de Rome en juin 1944. Cette victoire est toutefois ternie par les nombreux viols et pillages commis à l’encontre des civils italiens. Enfin, si le CEF marque une étape décisive dans la reconstruction de l’armée française, il révèle également la césure qui se dessine entre la métropole et son EmpireBy fighting under the tricolour flag for the first time on European soil since the defeat of 1940 the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC) made an important symbolic gesture towards national recovery. The symbolism of this historical moment should not, however, obscure the difficulties behind it. This thesis presents a wide-ranging study of the FEC from the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942 to the FEC’s withdrawal from Italy in July 1944. It not only examines military operations but also highlights the political and diplomatic difficulties faced during the FEC’s creation: the lukewarm public response to the levée en masse in French North Africa, the problematic amalgamation of Vichy’s Army of Africa with the Free French Forces and the uneasy relationship between French and Allied leaders, French diplomacy impeded by dependence on U.S. arms. French participation in the Italian campaign is also examined in the light of Allied debates on military strategy in the Mediterranean Theatre. Though a peripheral war zone, the Italian peninsula was the scene of a gruelling struggle. This thesis offers a detailed analysis of the combat experience: the violence of the war of attrition in the winter of 1943-44, the suffering of the combatants and the physical and psychiatric casualties. It also examines questions relating to soldiers’ leisure, discipline and colonial relations within the army. It then evaluates the role of the FEC in the liberation of Rome in June 1944, a victory tarnished by incidents of rape and looting. Ultimately, while the FEC marks a decisive step in the reconstruction of the French Army, it also reveals a growing rift between France and its Empire
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Franco, Caterina. "Dans le lieu et dans le temps : pour une histoire environnementale des infrastructures touristiques des Alpes franco-italiennes (1945-1975)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH022.
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La thèse étudie les stations de sports d’hiver planifiées et construites en haute altitude après la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les Alpes franco-italiennes.Les deux contextes nationaux, différents du fait de leurs histoires économiques, politiques et situations géographiques, partagent aujourd’hui des problèmes similaires. Ceux-ci concernent le futur d’un modèle touristique basé sur une fréquentation massive, de longs séjours et une offre concentrée autour de la pratique du ski. En effet, l’aléa climatique, le changement dans les modes et les temps de la fréquentation touristique, le vieillissement des structures et infrastructures, représentent seulement une partie des enjeux auxquels ces lieux se confrontent. Plusieurs chercheurs provenant de diverses disciplines suggèrent alors de repenser la station comme étant en continuité avec le territoire d’implantation, ce dernier compris dans sa nature économique, géographique ou administrative.La recherche, menée dans le domaine de l’architecture, souhaite contribuer à la réflexion autour de ces questionnements par une étude historique. En interrogeant les relations établies entre la station et le territoire (dans ses composantes spatiales, environnementales, paysagères), durant le processus de conception, de construction et d’évolution, nous souhaitons aller au-delà d’une lecture des établissements touristiques de haute montagne considérés comme des objets décontextualisés.En nous appuyant sur la coordonnée spatiale du territoire, nous formulons l’hypothèse que l’implantation des stations de sports d’hiver a entrainé des transformations à grande échelle, et que, en même temps, les caractères environnementaux, historiques, économiques, géomorphologiques des sites concernés ont joué un rôle actif dans le processus de conception et construction.À partir de la coordonnée temporelle du territoire, nous supposons que l’histoire des stations de sports d’hiver construites dans les années 1960 et 1970 n’est qu’une étape dans le processus long de transformation touristique des sites de haute altitude. Dans cette perspective, l’histoire des activités précédentes au tourisme, implantées sur les mêmes lieux, joue un rôle décisif.Le travail se déroule à travers l’étude de quatre cas : Pila et Sansicario, dans les Alpes italiennes ; Chamrousse et La Plagne dans les Alpes françaises. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur une méthode mise en place par les historiens de l’environnement, tels que William Cronon, qui considèrent l’histoire d’un territoire comme le résultat des interactions entre activités humaines et données naturelles, sur un temps long. Nous mobilisons un corpus principalement constitué de documents appartenant à différents fonds d’archives (des collectivités territoriales, des architectes et urbanistes, des techniciens), que nous traitons par l’analyse de documents textuels, graphiques et cartographiques qui le composent, ainsi que par le re-dessin et la construction de frises chrono-systémiques.Au-delà de contribuer à la compréhension de l’histoire de la mise en tourisme des territoires de haute montagne nous souhaitons, par ce travail, participer à la réflexion autour des enjeux méthodologiques de la recherche en histoire de l’architectureThe thesis studies ski resorts planned and built at high altitude after the Second World War in the Franco-Italian Alps.The two national contexts, different for economic history, politics and geographical location, now share similar problems, which look to the future of a tourism model based on mass attendance, long stays and an offer concentrated around skiing. Indeed, climatic hazards, changes in the modes and times of tourist use, ageing of structures and infrastructures, are only some of the challenges which these places are facing today. Several researchers from various disciplines then suggested that the station could be rethought in continuity with the territory, the latter included in its economic, geographical or administrative nature.The research aims at investigating these questions in the field of architecture and through a historical study. By questioning the relationships established between the station and the territory (in its spatial, environmental and landscape components) during the design, construction and evolution process, the wish is to go beyond a reading of high mountain tourist establishments as decontextualized objects.Working on the spatial coordinate of the territory, we formulate the hypothesis that the establishment of winter sports resorts has led to large-scale transformations, and that, at the same time, the environmental, historical, economic and geomorphological characteristics of the sites concerned have played an active role in the design and construction process.Working on the temporal coordinate of the territory, we assume that the history of the winter sports resorts built in the 1960s and 1970s is only one step in the long process of transforming high-altitude sites for tourism. In this perspective, the history of activities preceding tourism, located in the same places, plays a decisive role.We rely on a method developed by environmental historians such as William Cronon, who considers the history of a territory as the result of interactions between human actions and natural data over a long period of time. The work is carried out through the study of four cases: Pila and Sansicario, in the Italian Alps; Chamrousse and La Plagne in the French Alps. We mobilize a corpus mainly constituted by documents belonging to different archival collections (local authorities, architects and urban planners, technicians), which we process by analyzing textual, graphic and cartographic documents, as well as by re-drawing and constructing chronosystem systemic timelines.In addition to give a contribution to the understanding of the history of tourism development in high mountain areas, we hope, through this work, to contribute to the debate on the methodological issues of research in the history of architecture
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Mazou, Sébastien. ""Hic sunt leones" : défendre l'empire vénitien, 1453-1503." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20023.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche constitue une étude du dispositif militaire dans le Stato da Mar, les territoires maritimes de l’empire vénitien, pendant la seconde moitié du XVe siècle. Au cours de cette période, deux guerres opposent la république de Venise à l’Empire ottoman. Elles se concluent par des pertes territoriales pour Venise. Nous avons analysé l’articulation entre les trois outils de la défense du Stato da Mar, – les garnisons, la flotte de guerre et les stradiotes (cavaliers légers d’origine balkanique) – et les tentatives des dirigeants vénitiens de répondre au défi de la lutte contre les Ottomans. L’accent est mis sur les acteurs de la guerre, afin d’apporter une vision moins verticale de l’organisation de la défense du Stato da Mar, en utilisant notamment des correspondances publiques, jusqu’ici peu sollicitées par les historiens. Le Frioul, région appartenant à la partie italienne de l’empire, a été inclus dans l’analyse car sa population est touchée par des attaques ottomanes. De plus, la conservation d’une documentation exceptionnelle sur cette région permet d’étudier sa perception des conflits vénéto-ottomans et ses relations avec les combattants de l’armée vénitienneThis research is based on a study of the military organization of the Stado da Mar, the maritime territories of the Venetian empire, during the second half of the XVth century. For most of the period, the Republic of Venice is fighting two wars against the Ottoman empire which end with territorial looses for Venice. We have analysed the cooperation of the three tools of the Stato da Mar’s defence – the garrisons, the war fleet and the stradiots (light mounted soldiers with Balkan origins) – and the Venetian leaders attempts to challenge and struggle with the Ottomans. We have insisted on the protagonists of the war, to show a less vertical vision of the Stato da Mar’s defence organization, using for this purpose public letters, few studied by historians until now. Friuli, region that belongs to the italian part of the empire, has been added in the analysis because its population suffers ottoman attacks during the period and because of the exceptional preservation of documents dealing with his perception of Venetian-Ottoman wars and his relationship with the venetian army soldiers