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Journal articles on the topic 'Italian Wars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Uvarov, Pavel. "Italian Bankers in France and Italian Wars." ISTORIYA 14, no. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023946-9.

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At the last stage of the Italian Wars (1494—1559), the military, political and, most importantly, financial superiority of the Habsburgs over the Valois became quite obvious. The Spanish king could make use of silver which was already coming quite regularly and in large quantities from the mines of the New World. He controlled the old (Augsburg — Ulm) and new (Besançon — Piacenza) centres of banking capital, as well as the commercial and financial heart of the emerging world economic system — Antwerp. But King Henry II of France (1547—1559) launched a series of daring reforms, sometimes far ahead of his time. The king could rely on a more developed bureaucracy than in other countries, on a state system that had reached an advanced level of centralization, and on the economy that was still on the rise, the ‘heart’ of which were the Lyon fairs that acquired international significance. In order to continue an active foreign policy, an unprecedented step was taken — not a royal official, but a Lyon banker of Italian origin, Albizzi Del Bene (Albisse Delbeyne), was appointed to the post of surintendent des finances. Thus, the government was able to use the experience and capability of the banking world for its own purposes. Under the conditions of the war, which was fought at a great distance from the borders of the kingdom, the circulation of money was greatly simplified and became more predictable. The surintendent, closely associated with the most powerful trading and banking house Gadagni (Gadagne) of Lyon, had great weight among Italian bankers who operated not only in Lyon, but also in Venice, Rome, and Tuscany. The reformers’ plans and the progress of reform can be fully appreciated by studying documents from the Lamoignon Collection (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). Providing fairly clear guarantees based on the income from the Lyon fairs, the king, with the help of his surintendent and people from his entourage who were responsible for financing French policy in Italy (Constable Anne de Montmorency, royal secretary Jean Duthier), managed to attract huge sums (about 12 million Tours livres) which made it possible to resist a powerful enemy. A flexible combination of bills of exchange, clearing and other mechanisms allowed to transfer this amount of money to Italy. The crowning success of Del Bene was the creation of the Grand Parti de Lyon — a consortium of creditors to the French king. Some researchers claimed that its principles were quite comparable to the achievements of the 19th-century banking system. If there had been peace, the Grand Parti de Lyon could well have contributed to the repayment of the principal amount of borrowings and the dissolution of the accumulated interest debt. But politics had once again interfered with the economy. A new war, in which France was drawn against the will of the royal entourage, a chain of military defeats (the capture of Montmorency, the main patron of Del Bene, in 1557) and, finally, the unexpected death of Henry II shortly after the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) put an end to bold economic reforms.
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2

Gordon, Robert S. C. "Italian Memory and Italian Memory Wars at Auschwitz." Images 6, no. 1 (2012): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340008.

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Abstract The Italian national memorial on the site of Auschwitz I was opened to the public in April 1980 and closed down in July 2011. The article examines the conception and genesis of the memorial in the 1970s, looking at the tensions and also the artistic richness of the project. It then examines in this light the public controversy that erupted around its proposed renovation, starting in 2008. It suggests a number of ways in which this unresolved debate throws light on key questions about Italy’s historical and contemporary memorialization of the Shoah.
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3

Mazarchuk, Dmitriy. "History of the Italian Wars in the Scientific Heritage of Yu. Ivonin." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(58) (July 3, 2022): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2022-58-2-172-182.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the place of research in the history of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) in the scientific biography of Yu. Ivonin. The research object is Yu. Ivonin’s scientific heritage (books and articles). The main source of analysis is the historian’s first monograph (1984). The research subject is reflection of the history of the Italian Wars in Ivonin’s works. The Italian Wars occupy a key place in the concept of the history of interna- tional relations of modern period formulated by Ivonin in the «Belarusian period» of his scientific path. This was the first conflict that grew from a regional into a pan- European one, it became the first knot of contradictions in the system of international relations of the early modern period. In fact, all the leading European states in all Western European regions took part in it. As a struggle for hegemony in Western Europe, the Italian Wars expressed the struggle between two principles of state development: national and universal. To a certain extent, their struggle was reflected in the religious confrontation of the Reformation, which culminated in the Schmalkaldic War. The peace treaties of 1559 that ended the Italian Wars did not resolve the knot of contradictions, only temporarily interrupted the conflict, which lasted for about a century.
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4

Gabler, Dénes. "Terra Sigillata-Funde in Der Einheimischen Siedlung Lágymányos." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00016.

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Samian ware of Lágymányos. 65 pieces of Samian ware were unearthed during the excavation of the Eraviscus settlement of Lágymányos. It is a fairly small amount compared to the number of PGW finds, which is well over a thousand pieces. Despite all this, imported ceramic finds unearthed in these sites allow us to set up a timeframe of the lifespan of the settlement. A third of the finds originate from Italia, accordingly, it is presumable that in the middle to the second half of the first century this settlement was already a part of the Roman commercial circuit. Three potteries of Italian origin classifiable into three groups includes a relatively great amount of good quality A2 ware.The 26 pieces include early-type Drag. 29 and early forms also appear amongst the undecorated vessels. There are fewer Central Gaulish finds and even less (3 pieces) of Rheinzabern products. According to the Samian wares found the life of the settlement can be traced up until the Marcomannic wars (166–180 AD).Later finds suggest that the settlement was abandoned or sparsely populated afterward.
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5

KHUDAYBERDIEV, AZIZ. "Italian and British policy in Yemen between two world wars." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, no. 02 (September 1, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-02-13.

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Based on the documents of the National Archives of India, including diplomatic correspondence of the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Colonies, minutes of meetings classified as "secret", this article reveals the features of the policy of Italy and Great Britain in the south of the Arabian Peninsula in the 20-30s of the XX century. The relevance of this article topic lies in the fact that even after 100 years, in the 20s of the XXIst century, Yemen remains as the object of interference by the external actors, rivalry and attempts to divide this country. The article examines the methods used by Italy and Great Britain to expand their influence in the Red Sea, in particular, attempts to win over the ruler of Asir al-Idrisi and the ruler of Northern Yemen Imam Yahya. It was revealed that Great Britain and Italy focused their efforts on unleashing the Saudi-Yemeni war, aiming to weaken Yemen and Hijazo-Nejd. At the same time, each of the parties hoped to strengthen their own influence in the Red Sea basin. The article shows that Italy had certain economic interests in Yemen. The use of Yemen as a market for Italian products, the profitable trade of the famous Yemeni coffee, the monopoly on the sale of petroleum products in Yemen and other trade advantages provided by Imam Yahya in return for Italian aid, allowed the Italians to receive some additional profits. The reorientation of Yemeni trade from Aden to Massawa would significantly reduce the role of the British colony and increase the importance of Italian colony Eritrea. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the rivalry in the south of the Arabian Peninsula between Great Britain and Italy, in which the ruler of Northern Yemen, Imam Yahya, saw the threat of a new enslavement of Yemen, largely contributed to the choice of isolation policy, which, on the one hand, helped to preserve the independence of the country, but, on the other hand, slowed down the economic and socio-political progress of Yemen.
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6

Sassoon, Donald. "The Italian Communist Party, Wars and Revolutions." Notebooks: The Journal for Studies on Power 1, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26667185-01020009.

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Abstract Following the path dependence principle, the article describes the emergence of communism and the role played by wars and revolutions as unrepeatable and extraordinary catalyst factors. According to this view, communist parties can be considered institutions that outlasted the situations that created them and that, to survive, have been constantly forced to adapt to new circumstances such as fascism, the cold war or the clash of ussr. In this framework, the article describes the peculiar path of the Italian Communist Party (pci).
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7

Öztürk, Ahmet Erdi. "European culture wars and the Italian case." Global Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 2016): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1139302.

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8

Procop, Svetlana. "Transformation of the ethnic consciousness of the Italian Basso dynasty in Bessarabia: case study." JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY 32 (December 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2022.32.07.

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This article has attempted, using the example of one Italian dynasty that settled in Bessarabia, to show the transformation of the ethnic consciousness of its descendants. In the second half of the 19th century, the emigration of Italians to Bessarabia was not as active as it was in Romania, for example, or in the Crimea. Nevertheless, Italian citizens who decided to emigrate to Bessarabia in search of a better life, and in our case, this is about the Basso family, stayed here forever, linking their lives with this region. Even if they were not deported, as, for example, the Italians of the Crimea, social upheavals, two world wars could not but affect their destinies, ethnic and religious identity. Many of Basso’s descendants continue to keep in touch with their Italian relatives. Periodically, scholars, journalists, entrepreneurs come from Italy to meet with the Moldavian descendants of Basso within the framework of the ethno-cultural Italian community. Today, many of Basso’s descendants have not retained their Italian citizenship, registering themselves as Romanians, Moldavians, Ukrainians, Russians. However, there are exceptions, when several descendants of Basso managed to regain Italian citizenship, move to the historical homeland of their ancestors and integrate into the modern Italian community
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9

Filyushkin, Alexander. "Conquest, Borders, Geopolitics." Russian History 43, no. 1 (March 23, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04301004.

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Livonian War (1558–83) was not a local Baltic war, but a European conflict. What was the place of Livonian War in the context of European wars of the 16th century? Europe in this era experienced colonial wars, wars of independence, religious wars, Turkish wars etc. The Livonian War bears the strongest resemblance to Italian wars of 1494–1559. Those were wars about tying microstates to new monarchies. In part, a similar process took place in Livonia. It was a microstate with an obsolete socio-political hierarchy unable to fight back (the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order). Several new European monarchies, including Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, Denmark, and Russia, sought to divide it. Russia’s participation in the conflict set it apart from the Italian Wars. Europe immediately and unconditionally recognized the right of the Jagiellon, Oldenburg, and Vasa dynasties (but not that of the Rurikide dynasty) to divide the Baltic. Livonian War was also a more complex multi-faceted phenomenon for new European monarchies (especially for Sweden and Denmark), than it was a war similar to Italian wars of the first half of the sixteenth century (that is, a war for the takeover of microstates by stronger and more modern kingdoms going through a phase of active development). The same can be said of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in that it went through this active phase during the Livonian War and formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Poland also positioned itself as a state whose higher mission was to act as a shield protecting the “Christendom” from “Eastern barbarians,” among whom Russians were numbered, portrayed in a similar fashion to Turks. For Russia, this war evolved from a local border conflict to a war for the annexation of the Baltic States, and finally, for Russians, the war became a holy war against a foreign foe.
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10

Galip İnan, Sertuğ. "1494-1559 Italian Wars and the Participation of the Ottoman Empire in These Wars." History Studies International Journal Of History Volume 4 Issue 2, no. 4 (2012): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9737/hist_569.

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11

Papanikolaou, Elli. "Stephen D. Bowd, Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers during the Italian Wars." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 17 (May 26, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.27078.

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12

Polezzi, Loredana. "Journeys through Fascism: Italian Travel Writing between the Wars." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 17, no. 3 (June 2012): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2012.667231.

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13

Guerraggio, Angelo. "Italian Mathematics between the Two World Wars (1920–1940)." Historia Mathematica 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(88)90052-3.

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14

Woźniak-Shukur, Katarzyna. "O teatr przyszłości. Zapomniane źródła włoskiego myślenia performatycznego." Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 38 (July 11, 2023): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2022.38.22.

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Italian theater studies in 20th century focused on the theater as the art of staging a dramatic text and it’s analysis. Over the past decade, theater anthropology and performance studies make their way among these relics of the past century slowly but effectively, and the sources of the Italian performance studies are indicated in the 1960s and 1970s. Meanwhile, the interest of Italian researchers in restored behavior is reflected in texts published in-between the two world wars. The subject of the analysis are two texts by Corrado Pavolini who we consider to be a precursor of Italian performance studies.
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15

Gagné, John. "Counting the Dead: Traditions of Enumeration and the Italian Wars*." Renaissance Quarterly 67, no. 3 (2014): 791–840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/678775.

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AbstractMethods for counting war deaths developed alongside structural changes in the ways that states enumerated mortality (for both fighters and citizens) between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. This paper argues that an alternative way to interpret observers’ comments on the magnitude and novelty of war damages during the Italian Wars (1494–1559) is to trace the history of enumerating mortality from the fourteenth century, using the Hundred Years’ War and the Black Death as departure points. Military heralds counted dead soldiers in Northern Europe and civic record keepers registered public mortality in Italy. Numbers carried cultural value. In war, disputants and observers used numbers rhetorically to argue political cases and to emphasize the scale of victories and defeats. By 1500, the proliferation of specific mortality numbers in public discourse — amplified by printed war reporting — forced observers to reckon with their meaning. The article concludes by illustrating how numbers entered memorial culture: monuments from the Italian Wars featured numbers as an index of the perceived magnitude of war in the sixteenth century.
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16

Muir, Edward. "Renaissance mass murder: civilians and soldiers during the Italian Wars." Mediterranean Historical Review 35, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823661.

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17

Terry-Roisin, Elizabeth. ":Milan Undone: Contested Sovereignties in the Italian Wars." Sixteenth Century Journal 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj5303124.

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18

Sherer, Idan. ":Milan Undone: Contested Sovereignties in the Italian Wars." Journal of Modern History 95, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/724628.

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19

Lichtner, Giacomo. "Italian Cinema and the Fascist Past: Tracing Memory Amnesia." Fascism 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2015): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00401002.

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In Italy, cinema has contributed to constructing a paradox of memory in which the rememberer is asked to prevent past mistakes from happening again and yet is encouraged to forget what those mistakes were, or that they ever even took place. Through an examination of the long-term trends in Italian cinema about the Fascist period, this article explores its recurrent tropes alongside its recurrent absences, isolating in particular the act of killing and Italy’s African Empire as crucial absences in Italy’s memory. The dominant narrative of italiani brava gente explains popular amnesia and institutional silences that still surround the darkest and bloodiest pages in Italy’s history. From the narratives of innocence and sacrifice that populate the canon of Italian film about Fascism to the sanitised representations of Italy’s wars of aggression or the boycott of Moustapha Akkad’s The Lion of the Desert (1981), this paper argues that recurrent presences and absences in Italy’s cinematic memories of the long Second World War have not been random but coherent, cogent and consistent.
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Bedini, Belina. "Italian Foreign Policy between Albania and the Balkans (1910-1939)." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n116.

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This paper analyses the dynamics of Italian diplomacy in Albania from the beginning of the 20th century until 1939, when the Fascists occupied Albania. The primary purpose of this paper is to show how the interests of Italy, combined with the political and economic conditions of the country and, more broadly, of the Balkan peninsula, have changed constantly. Considering the Italian and Albanian diplomatic documents and broader literature, this paper will show the dynamics that shaped the development of Italy's foreign policy concerning Albania and the Balkans in the first three decades of the century. Therefore, in the beginning, it will explain why Albania was relevant to Italian interests. In the context of the Balkan wars, Italy shared its interest with the Austria-Hungarian Empire because it aimed also to control the Adriatic Sea. Afterwards, Yugoslavia was one of Italy's rivals on the Peninsula. Being aware that Albania, like other countries in the Mediterranean, enjoys high interest from the great powers, Italy often tried to receive the UK's and France's approval on some of its moves. Hence, international events like the Balkan wars and WWI and Italian and Albanian political leaders did have a relevant role in shaping foreign policy toward the Balkans and Albania. Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024
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Hotsalo, Kateryna. "The ideas about Ottomans in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries: the study through textiles." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2022): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2022.1.07.

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The article is an attempt to supplement the knowledge of Italians' ideas about Ottomans during the 15th and 16th centuries, using the preserved antique textiles of both cultures, as well as fabrics' mentions in written and visual sources. Modern technological research methods of ancient textiles make it possible to clarify their attributive data, which in turn contributes to more definite conclusions about artistic exchanges in the field of decoration of expensive textiles. Thus, for example, it turned out that two fabrics from the collection of the Khanenko Museum, which were considered Italian, are the work of Ottoman masters. If the structure of the Italian and Ottoman fabrics of the period under the study are quite different, visually – they are often almost identical. Despite the fact that the trade in Ottoman fabrics was not widespread in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries, Italian painters and weavers still actively imitated the textile products of the Middle East. Written sources, especially epistolary and inventory, are also filled with references to Ottoman fabrics and "turkish-style" textiles. Since there were few authentic silks from West Asia in the secular space of Italian cities at the time, it is likely that citizens could even associate Ottoman culture with certain types of local textiles that looked like "Turkish". The number and peculiarities of their description in written sources suggest the Italians' enormous interest in Ottoman culture, "cautious concern" for the growing Ottoman Empire, and recognition of its dominance over many Asian peoples. All this took place in spite of the permanent wars between the Venetian Republic and the Ottomans. The entry into Italian fashion of fabrics "in the Turkish style" was lightning fast. However, local authors emphasized the antiquity of this fashion tradition, to some extent rooting the idea of ​​kinship between the two cultures.
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Black, R. "Venice Besieged: Politics and Diplomacy in the Italian Wars, 1494-1534." English Historical Review CXXV, no. 512 (January 19, 2010): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep358.

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23

Brioist, Pascal. "Contextualising Pietro Monte’s Military Career in Italy." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/apd-2019-0006.

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Abstract Several scholars have studied Pietro del Monte’s works, but only a few have focused on his military career. This article contextualises his career as a condotierre, primarily by collecting and commenting on narrative sources describing his life. From the Italian and Spanish courts where he mingled with the brightest minds of his time, to the Italian Wars where he met his death on the battlefield, Monte lived as an acting commander, a respected scholar, and a renowned master at arms.
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Klemenčič, Matjaž, and Jernej Zupančič. "The Effects of the Dissolution of Yugoslavia on the Minority Rights of Hungarian and Italian Minorities in the Post-Yugoslav States." Nationalities Papers 32, no. 4 (December 2004): 853–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000296186.

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Thousands of books have been written on Yugoslavia's dissolution and the wars that followed in the 1990s. Most of them, however, deal with relations among the main ethno-nations of Yugoslavia, i.e., Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks (Muslims), Montenegrins, Macedonians and Albanians, and the effects on them of the dissolution and wars. Hungarians and Italians of Yugoslavia also suffered, and the wars affected their destiny; but these peoples have rarely been mentioned in the context of this history. It is the aim of this article to fill the gap.
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Conybeare, John. "Trade Wars: A Comparative Study of Anglo-Hanse, Franco-Italian, and Hawley-Smoot Conflicts." World Politics 38, no. 1 (October 1985): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010354.

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Three trade wars are examined using variable-sum game theory. The Anglo-Hanse trade wars (1300–1700) are explained as an iterated Prisoners' Dilemma that failed to evolve into cooperation due to transaction costs, rent seeking, and economic recession. The late-igthcentury tariff war between France and Italy is a case of an asymmetric trade war that illustrates the danger to a weak country of provoking a trade war with a strong country, with the result that the former is forced to make major concessions. The Hawley-Smoot conflicts of the 1930s are cited as an example of the cooperation-inhibiting effect of publicness in trade negotiations.
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Knox, MacGregor. "The Fascist Regime, its Foreign Policy and its Wars: An ‘Anti-Anti-Fascist’ Orthodoxy?" Contemporary European History 4, no. 3 (November 1995): 346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300003520.

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The de-legitimisation of the Italian political system that culminated in the upheavals of the late 1980s has permitted a very public re-examination of the meaning and significance of both the Fascist regime and the Resistance to it. Although debates between historians had already begun over these issues, they have been thrust into the media spotlight now that the political consensus surrounding their interpretation has collapsed. The following two articles examine both the content and conduct of these debates, and consider the extent to which they have contributed to a reassessment of the history of these periods. Naturally the opinions expressed in these articles are solely those of the authors themselves: Contemporary European History would welcome further comments and contributions concerning this rethinking of the contemporary Italian experience.
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Meçollari, Artur. "The Italian Navy Shipwrecks as the Witnesses of Vlora Bay Strategic Position." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 9, no. 4. S2 (December 20, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv9n4s202.

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Bay of Vlora, a bay of 315 sq. km, is the resting area of 806 Italian sailors and soldiers. It is also the resting area of nine Italian warships which sank in WWI and WWII. It is the location of the only island of Albania, Sazan Island. As one of the most strategic locations, Vlora Bay and Sazan Island in the last 170 year have been under the control of different naval powers, mainly by Italy. Italy started to have a strategic interest in the Bay of Vlora after its unification in the mid-19th Century due to its ambition as a regional naval power. The underwater Italian fleet in Vlora Bay and surrounding area shows its importance to the Italian maritime strategy, during and between two world wars and later. More than 100 years ago, US Admiral Alfred T. Mahan wrote “the Sea line of communication determines the war at sea”. The geography isimportantto the sea lines of communication, especially chokepoints and safe bays,which are of constant importance throughout history. Otranto Channel is a very important chokepoint which controls the “Adriatic Highway”, Adriatic sea line of communication used by coastal states up to Central and Northern European Countries. Bay of Vlora geographically represents a big bay and all year one. Its importance is empowered by the fact that it’s located next to Otranto Channel and capable of safely hosting and rapidly deploying large naval forces up to the Central Mediterranean and points beyond. This paper, through historical perspective and underwater cultural heritage, aims to prove the importance of Vlora Bay and surrounding maritime area to the Italian Naval Strategy in two world wars periods and beyond. Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
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Mazarchuk, Dmitry. "Italian wars of 1494—1559 in lecture course by T. N. Granovsky." INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46725/iw.2022.3.3.

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Luconi, Stefano. "The Impact of Italy's Twentieth-Century Wars on Italian Americans’ Ethnic Identity." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 13, no. 3 (August 16, 2007): 465–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110701451637.

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Ruberto, Marco. "Journeys Through Fascism: Italian Travel Writing Between the Wars, by Charles Burdett." Studies in Travel Writing 14, no. 3 (September 2010): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2010.503095.

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31

Hock, Stefan. "“Waking us from this Endless Slumber”: The Ottoman–Italian War and North Africa in the Ottoman Twentieth Century." War in History 26, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 204–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344517706729.

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The Ottoman–Italian War of 1911–1912, often overlooked as little more than a prelude to much greater calamities, produced a vibrant discourse in Ottoman-language newspapers that called attention to issues including the efficacy of international law, Ottoman sovereignty, and the place of North Africa in the Ottoman imperial imagination. This article explores the coverage of the war in the Ottoman-language press and argues that the outbreak of the Ottoman–Italian War produced similar claims on the need to protect the Ottoman nation – and Ottoman imperial ambitions – to those following the Balkan Wars to which historiography ascribes much more importance.
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Bertonha, João Fábio. "Italians from Brazil and the Armed Conflicts of the Twentieth Century: Money and Men for the Italian Wars." Italian American Review 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/26902451.13.2.01.

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33

Iovane, Massimo. "The development of international law through the lens of the Italian doctrine." Italian Review of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2021): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725650-01010011.

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Abstract This review essay analyses a very interesting collection of essays providing a fresh examination of international law schools operating in Italy from the early medieval period to current times. The Essay will show that the book adopts a completely new presentation of this subject, offering thus an unbiased assessment of the doctrinal debate developed in between the two World Wars.
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Prag, Jonathan R. W. "Auxilia and Gymnasia: A Sicilian Model of Roman Imperialism." Journal of Roman Studies 97 (November 2007): 68–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000007784016061.

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This paper examines the evidence for military activity in the Republican provincia of Sicily from the Punic Wars to the Civil Wars, and the implications of this for our understanding of Republican Sicily and Republican imperialism. After the Second Punic War there was very little use of Roman or Italian allied soldiers on the island, but extensive use, by Rome, of local Sicilian soldiers. The rich evidence for gymnasia suggests one way in which this use of local manpower was based upon existing civic structures and encouraged local civic culture and identity. These conclusions prompt a reassessment of the importance of auxilia externa under the Roman Republic and of models for Republican imperial control of provinciae.
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35

BESPALOV, A. V. "Honest and brave. General of Cavalry Baron Otto Wilhelm Christofor (Ivan Christoforovich) von Derfelden (part 2)." Culture and Safety 2 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/kb.2023.2.80-88.

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This article presents the biography of a hero of the Russo-Turkish wars of the second half of the 18th century, the Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799, and the associate of Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov - General of Cavalry Baron Otto Wilhelm Christofor von Derfelden. The biography is based on the analysis of previously published documents, reference books, regimental histories, scientific monographs, and articles.
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36

Călina, Nicoleta, and Loredana Maria Grozoiu. "On Francesco Guicciardini’s Thought and Some of his Considerations on Machiavelli." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-4-1.

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Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540), Italian historian, politician and writer, - descendant of one of the most important and faithful families to the Medici family in Florence - received a solid humanistic education and was also the protagonist of the Italian politics in the XVIth century; during the wars between France and Spain for the domination of the peninsula, he became the fair and impartial interpreter of these events in terms of historiography. Upright and of austere character, ¬he is the author of one of the best histories of Italy, written in the spirit of the time, whose prime quality is the historical veracity. Guicciardini fed the feeling of nationality and the aspiration to independence of Italy. In his works he shows the painful efforts of the princes and heads of republics, dragged into continuous wars, trying to defend, to confederate, to seek help in various foreign powers in order to save themselves from the oppression of the rulers. His genius, intuitive and painfully prophetic, discerns the events from the things; he pronounces what he develops as ‘safe judgments’ and recommends possible remedies to save the nation.
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37

Finlay, Robert. "The Immortal Republic: The Myth of Venice during the Italian Wars (1494- 1530)." Sixteenth Century Journal 30, no. 4 (1999): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544605.

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38

Madden, Amanda. "Bowd, Stephen D. Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers during the Italian Wars." Renaissance and Reformation 43, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v43i2.34842.

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39

Ordasi, Zsuzsa. "Italian–Hungarian bilateral but not mutual architectural connections between the two World Wars." Építés - Építészettudomány 38, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/eptud.38.2010.1-2.6.

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40

Giannetti, Renato. "The Success of the Italian Shipbuilding Industry between the Wars: Market, Technology, Organization." International Journal of Maritime History 4, no. 1 (June 1992): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149200400110.

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41

Conti, Giuseppe. "Financial Distress and Industrial Conflict in Italian Shipbuilding between the Two World Wars." International Journal of Maritime History 5, no. 1 (June 1993): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149300500108.

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42

Gagné, John. "Collecting Women: Three French Kings and Manuscripts of Empire in the Italian Wars." I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance 20, no. 1 (March 2017): 127–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/691389.

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43

Fletcher, Catherine. "Stephen D. Bowd, Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers during the Italian Wars." European History Quarterly 50, no. 2 (April 2020): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691420912382d.

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44

Wilkins, David. "Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars by Angelo Guerraggio and Pietro Nastasi." Mathematical Intelligencer 31, no. 2 (March 6, 2009): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-009-9032-3.

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45

McCracken, John. "Economics and Ethnicity: The Italian Community in Malawi." Journal of African History 32, no. 2 (July 1991): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700025743.

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This article focuses on the Italian community in Malawi, one of the smallest immigrant minority groups in Central Africa, but by no means the least important. Using the records of the Custodian of Enemy Property housed in the National Archives of Malawi, it suggests that, in the light of the Italian experience, there is need to modify the conventional view of the white farming sector as being uniformly inefficient and incapable of survival other than through the active support of the colonial state. At a time between the wars when capitalist farming as a whole was in deep depression, Ignaco Conforzi succeeded for reasons largely unconnected with the intervention of the state, in creating a highly profitable, diversified agricultural empire which survived the Second World War virtually intact. Through his influence, an Italian community was created, linked to Conforzi by a variety of economic and family ties and drawn largely from the same small area of central Italy from which he himself had come. Like members of other ethnic groups, these immigrants were constantly balancing their multiple identities – as whites, as farmers or mechanics, as Italians or as natives of a particular district in Italy. Between the mid-1930s and the mid-1940s external and internal forces combined to transform them into a classic minority, ‘singled out…for differential and unequal treatment’ but from the late 1940s onwards those who were regarded by the colonial authorities as conforming to European standards were reabsorbed within the wider settler community. Overall, however, they tended to be more skilled and, crucially, less heavily reliant on the state than were British settlers and it is these factors that explain their relative success.
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46

Cohn Jr., Samuel K. "Forms of popular protest and notions of democracy in Italy during the Italian Wars." Pedralbes. Revista d'Història Moderna 42 (December 31, 2022): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/pedralbes2022.42.2.

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This essay examines popular protest and resistance during the Italian Wars, 1494 to 1559, emphasizing the importance of the decade of the 1520s. It is acomparative analysis with Italy’s more thoroughly studied epoch of insurrection during the late fourteenth century and concludes that the latter period, characterized by warfare and the growth of absolutism, was rich in new forms of protest wedded to ideals of equality and early practices of democracy.
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Stevanović, Vladimir. "Racionalizam u arhitekturi: nekoliko modela instrumentalizacije / Rationalism in Architecture: Several Models of Instrumentalization." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 6 (October 15, 2014): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i6.80.

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Rationalism in architecture is a European concept which, from Enlightment to postmodern era, advocates values of order, clarity and logic, represented through primary geometrism, functionalism, profitability and absence of ornament. The text connects and analyzes (1) formal-stilistic manifestations of rationalism in architecture: French neoclassicism; Soviet constructivism, German new objectivity, Italian rationalism; postmodern Italian neorationalism in the context of (2) dominant paradigms which directs them: divine nature; technological-utilitarian; autonomus-selfreferent, and (3) social, economic, ideological and cultural activities around which they are organized, such as: French bourgeois revolution; proleterian-communist, socialdemocratic and faschist ideas beteween two World wars; critical procession of populist values in mass consumer society and global capitalist economy at the threshold of postmodern era.
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48

Toaldo, Mattia. "The Italo-Libyan Relationship between 1969 and 1976." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009675.

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AbstractBased on the papers of former Italian statesman Aldo Moro and on several secondary sources, this article investigates the Italo-Libyan relationship between the rise to power of Qadhafi in 1969 and the mid-1970s. Qadhafi initially pursued a policy of confrontation with the former colonial power: he expelled the remaining Italian citizens in Libya, asked for post-colonial compensations and a revision of the 1956 treaty.Gradually, however, a new relationship developed: Italy badly needed Libyan oil, especially in view of the closing of the Suez Canal because of the Arab-Israeli wars, while Qadhafi needed to secure a fixed amount of oil revenues in order to build up domestic and international support for his revolution. Italian companies were also granted public works which were meant to improve Libyan infrastructure while Libyan oil profits could be invested in Italian stocks. Finally, Italy would provide Qadhafi with weapons and support for his regime, as the revelations about the ‘Hilton Assignment’ demonstrate. The author argues that this relationship gave both actors a wide freedom of manoeuvre within the context of the Cold War.
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49

Horvais, Charles-Alban. "Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)." Vita Latina 195, no. 1 (2017): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vita.2017.1841.

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This paper attempts to show that Pompey, in order to face the opposition of many senators after his return fromthe East in 62 B. C., decided to encourage the incorporation of members of the Italian elite in the Roman Senate. Those senators, who do not belong to the roman aristocracy, allowed Pompey to obtain a durable support at the Curia during the last decade before the Civil Wars.
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Rzhevskaya, V. "THE ACTIVITIES OF THE KING OF ENGLAND HENRY VIII AND CARDINAL THOMAS WOLSEY AS PART OF THE "ITALIAN WARS" IN THE XVI CENRURY." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2, no. 127 (2016): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.2.90-103.

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A significant event of international politics of the Renaissance epoch was that of the so-called «Italian wars» (1494-1559), that had as their part a great number of agreements on military alliances. On one hand those agreements testified the infidelity and quick changeability of the alliances they were meant to give form to, on the other hand they reflected the ideas of their members as to the substance of international security and the means to attain their political aims under the guise of its reestablishment and protection. The article sums up the treaty undertakings of the King of England Henry VIII, taken within the context of the «Italian wars» with the active part of his chief minister at the period, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Of the agreements looked upon the main importance is acknowledged with the London treaty of 1418, as with one of historical projects of the all-European collective security, that acquired the form of an international treaty. With the help of the analysis of the other treaties’ contents, the main features of legal undertakings in the field of security, characteristic of the period, can be defined. Attention is also paid to the legal grounds of the two Holy Leagues (of 1495 and 1511).
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