Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Italie – Rome – Provinces occidentales'
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Dessales, Hélène. "La distribution de l'eau dans l'architecture domestique de l'Occident romain (Pompéi, Herculanum, Ostie) : formes, usages et mises en scène, du Ier au IVe siècle ap. J.-C." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10089.
Full textDavoine, Charles. "Recherches sur les ruines dans le monde romain : gestion et perception des bâtiments détruits dans la cité romaine (Ier siècle av. J.-C. – IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080097.
Full text: Partially destroyed buildings, the remains of which persist in time, ruins were part of the reality of Ancient Rome. This research aims at investigating the way the populations of the Empire, the local magistrates or the Roman central power perceived and managed dilapidated buildings as well as the piles of debris resulting from destructions. This study will focus on the everyday life of cities faced with the dilapidation of buildings as well as with exceptional devastations caused by catastrophes, from the Augustinian age to the end of the fourth century A.D. Through a thorough study of literary, legal and epigraphic sources, the purpose is to analyze how ruins were dealt with, taking into account the rules and norms which applied to them, as well as the mental representations which enabled their understanding. We shall demonstrate that ruins have no place in the city. Demolitions should always be avoided, and dilapidated building should be restored. Any aesthetic aspect of the ruins, or their use as places of memory, are absent from Latin texts. On the contrary, dilapidated buildings and destroyed cities are associated with death and unsightliness and reflect a troubled era. Ruins constitute a counter-model which enables the revelation, by contrast, of an ideal architecture which contributes to the ornamentation of the city and to the elaboration of the Golden Age announced by the Emperor
Davoine, Charles. "Recherches sur les ruines dans le monde romain : gestion et perception des bâtiments détruits dans la cité romaine (Ier siècle av. J.-C. – IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080097.
Full text: Partially destroyed buildings, the remains of which persist in time, ruins were part of the reality of Ancient Rome. This research aims at investigating the way the populations of the Empire, the local magistrates or the Roman central power perceived and managed dilapidated buildings as well as the piles of debris resulting from destructions. This study will focus on the everyday life of cities faced with the dilapidation of buildings as well as with exceptional devastations caused by catastrophes, from the Augustinian age to the end of the fourth century A.D. Through a thorough study of literary, legal and epigraphic sources, the purpose is to analyze how ruins were dealt with, taking into account the rules and norms which applied to them, as well as the mental representations which enabled their understanding. We shall demonstrate that ruins have no place in the city. Demolitions should always be avoided, and dilapidated building should be restored. Any aesthetic aspect of the ruins, or their use as places of memory, are absent from Latin texts. On the contrary, dilapidated buildings and destroyed cities are associated with death and unsightliness and reflect a troubled era. Ruins constitute a counter-model which enables the revelation, by contrast, of an ideal architecture which contributes to the ornamentation of the city and to the elaboration of the Golden Age announced by the Emperor
Stein, Christian. "La valorisation des individus par l'expression de leurs compétences culturelles dans les inscriptions des provinces occidentales romaines, Gaule, Germanies, Espagne, Afrique, Bretagne, du Ier siècle à la fin de l'antiquité." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010675.
Full textKaabia, Ridha. "Polémique chrétienne anti-paienne et épigraphie en Afrique romaine." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100039.
Full textAfter defining the concepts of "polemic" and "paganism", and after presenting the spatial and temporal setting, there would be introduced the different sources used which are mainly literary and epigraphic. This work is made of four sections. The three first ones deal with the cults testified by the Christian, anti-pagan polemic and are studied in the light of the epigraphy. The first section concerns the Greco-Roman cults introduced by Rome in the framework of establishing its power in Africa. . . The second section deals with the initiatory cults. . . The third section studies the original African cults which Rome had found while annexing the African territory. . . The fourth and last section tackles the different sources of the Christian polemic and the role it plays in the struggle against paganism and the call for conversionto the new religion. .
Bailliot, Magali. "Pratiques magiques et croyances dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain (Ier-IVe s. ) : "prières judiciaires" et tabellae defixionum, essai d'interprétation." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010506.
Full textFrance, Jérôme. "Quadragesima galliarum : Recherche sur l'organisation douanière des provinces alpestres, gauloises et germaniques de l'empire romain (1er siècle avant -3ème siècle après J.-C.)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010668.
Full textThe Quadragesima galliarum custom duty was created at the beginning of the reign of Augustus in order to replace and to rationalize the various tax systems which have existed in independent Gaul and in the first times of the roman administration. This 2,5% tax was set on the basis of a terrestrial an maritime west-east custom line, which ran from the border of the Hispania Tarraconensis to the limits of the Raetia. It imposed a duty on the exchanges that crossed this line in any direction. At first farmed to private contractors (a socii company), the Quadragesima galliarum collection was more and more closely controlled and superintended by the state. It is the reason why it was leased out to conductores, from the end of the first century or the beginning of the second century ad, before being finally collected by officials between 180-200 ad
Huntzinger, Hervé. "La captivité de guerre en Occident dans l'Antiquité tardive (378-507)." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/HUNTZINGER_Herve_2009.pdf.
Full textThe war captivity, although it appears incidently in numerous works, was never considered as an independant historical object. Late Antiquity is a productive period, since it let us notice how the legal and conceptual frame of captivity has evolved in the new geopolitical context following the arrival of the Goths within the borders of Empire and the defeat of Adrianople in 378. It also permit the comparative study of Roman and barbaric practices. Juridic aspects are considered first, especially postliminium and the concept of enemy, from which it is possible to give a definition of captivity. It has the originality be connected both to the ius gentium (by the seruitus hostium) and to the ius ciuile by postliminium and lex Corneliae organizing the succession of Roman who died in captivity. The condition of the captive redeemed under the Constitutio de redemptis is also examined. The study then proceeds to propose typologies of captivity (the circumstances of capture, victims, methods of coercion) to reach the conclusion that captivity affects primarily civilians in wars of predation. The release and the flight ask the question of manumission and the status of the captive. The redemption of captives by Christians develops at the confluence of a theology of Redemption and ecclesiastical networks between Lerins, Milan or Carthage. The work ends with the question of death in captivity
Dumas-Juilliot, Isabelle. "Les problèmes de l'eau dans les provinces occidentales du Haut-Empire romain : (Géographie, religion, médecine)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040086.
Full textThis thesis studies different questions about water in the ancient roman world. The first part, Water and Geography, shows how the river's natural layout favoured, thanks to the fluvial shipping, the expansion of the cities built on their course and analyses the different cases in which the presence of water (rivers or springs) played a part in the creation of new cities. The second part exposes religion, gods of springs and fluvial shipping and the taboos in connection with water. The third part analyses the place that water holded in ancient medicine (hydrotherapy, balneotherapy and thermalism)
Ortiz, Pierre-Henri. "Furor et insania. Conceptions, traitements et usages de la "folie" dans l'Occident romain." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0156.
Full textThis work surveys conceptions and treatments of mental illness in the Roman Empire until the dawn of Late Antiquity. We investigate legal and medical sources and examine different uses of the idea of “madness” in wide ranging discourse from this period in philosophy, tragedy, comedy, history, as well as in legal or political rhetoric. The historical approach, inspired by functionalist social theories, is designed to further understand the autonomy, and/or analyze the encounters of each of these areas of discourse as they deal with madness. The underlying objective is to extricate the structure of madness concept as a matter of history and to clarify connotations and semantic references in the use of the many terms that refer to madness in Latin sources. The work also provides a preliminary investigation for the study of if, and how, the Christianizing of the western provinces of the Roman Empire influenced conceptions, treatments and uses of “madness” in Late Antiquity
Tarel, Philippe. "Défense et sécurité des cités de l'occident romain sous le Haut-Empire." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010644.
Full textBaills-Talbi, Nathalie. "Sentiment de l'enfance et reconnaissance sociale : la place des enfants en bas âge (0-4 ans) dans les Trois Gaules (Ier s. av. J.-C. - Ve s. ap. J.-C. : étude des comportements au travers des sources littéraires, iconographiques, anthropologiques, archéologiques et ethnologiques." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010552.
Full textAlvarez, Melero Anthony. "Matronae equestres: la parenté féminine des chevaliers romains originaires des provinces occidentales sous le Haut-Empire romain, Ier-IIIe siècles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210178.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Barriere, Vivien. "Les portes de l'enceinte antique d'Autun et leurs modèles (Gaule, Italie, provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL042/document.
Full textAugustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, roman city founded under the reign of Augustus, was equipped with four roman city gates : the gate of Arroux and the gate of Saint André, both well preserved, the gate of Saint Andoche which sole remaining part is a flanking tower, and the gate of Rome, destroyed long ago.The heart of this study lies in the stratigraphic reading of those gates structure and in thoughts about the building site of Autun’s city gates operating process. Moreover, since the 16th century, antiquaries, travelers and artists have described in many ways their visits to the roman city gates of Autun. These accounts constitute a major documentary collection of written and iconographical sources that had never been studied as a whole before. A classification of written sources was necessary in order to understand the borrowings from previous works. A similar work of critical study has been realized for the iconographical representations of the gates. As an essential complement of the stratigraphic reading of remaining elevations of the gates, the ancient archeological documentation study was indispensable to propose a restoration hypothesis of Augustodunum’s city gates long term history from their construction time to nowadays. The last section of this study aims to locate Autun’s city gates in the series of monumental city gates built in Western Roman Empire between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD. Furthermore, that section presents new propositions for the restoration of the architectural project, of the gates plan and of the inner organization of these gates flanking towers
Helali, Arbia. "Les soldats de l'armée romaine d'Afrique : mentalités et vie religieuse." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100017.
Full textIn this work, we have tried to study the religious habits of the soldiers of Africa during the Roman Empire. This study is made up of two volumes. The first one is a synthesis, whereas the second one deals with the 311 religious inscriptions that make up the catalogue. It was necessary to rebuild the background in which the soldiers lived as well as the geography and the chronology of their every day religious rites in order to define the different categories of soldiers and the bounds that linked them to the gods. This allowed us to define our approach and to specify what the relationship between the soldiers and the gods was. Our synthesis is divided into two parts. The first one mainly deals with the study of the cults that were proper to the military community of Africa on the one hand and with the cultural sites on the other hand. The second part is concerned with the people who expressed their piety, from officers to privates and veterans as well as to the particular case of Christian soldiers. .
Janniard, Sylvain. "Les transformations de l'armée romano-byzantine (IIIe - VIe siècles PR. J. C) : le paradigme de la bataille rangée." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0030.
Full textThe study deals with the transformations of the Romano-Byzantine army, for the period which covers the 3rd till the 5th c. In the western part of the Roman Empire and until the 6th c. For its oriental part. These are examined through the prism of the pitched battle, itself analyzed through the various scales of its progress, from its circumstances up to its outcomes, and also ,through the hierarchy and the dispositions of the troops, their evolutions and their way of fighting. From the 3rd c. On, the pressure exercised by the foreign peoples upset the strategic choices of the Empire, whereas the transformations of the armament and of the internal organization of the units seem strictly connected to the tactical renewals then noticed. Confronted with strengthened but diffuse military threats, the Roman army improves its techniques of acquisition of information, and doesn't hesitate any more to resort to indirect strategies. The adaptation to the new tactical conditions passes by a narrower coordination between the various weapons on the battlefield, and, within these, between the various specialities. It also implies a renewal of the arrangement in lines of the infantry, modelled on the Hellenistic phalanx, and requiring the increase in number of the tactical ranks. It leads finally to a revaluation of the place heId by the cavalry and the bowmen on the battlefield. In fine, the preservation of a strong capacity to manoeuvre shows the qualities of the commanders, and shows also the difficulty to find a military explanation for the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Vallier, Pascal. "Temples et cultes en Afrique romaine : une enquête épigraphique et géographique." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040239.
Full textTemples and cults in Roman Africa is a study mainly based on epigraphical documents. The two first chappters are dedicated to the pagan religious inscriptions syntaxes' analyse, by examining particulary different gods names sequences and priest titles sequences. These studies allowed us to determine the relevance of the diffrent inscriptions, before proceeding to a spatial analyse god by god. These analysis and relationships between the gods spring back repetitions in geographical factors. As a consequence, we determined regions in which one or many homogeneous pantheons exist. This work lets also appear problems we met to analyse properly the western Algeria and Morocco because of a lack of archaeological data
Pilon, Fabien. "L'atelier monétaire de Châteaubleau (Seine-et-Marne) et les monnayages d'imitation de la seconde moitié du IIIe siècle après J. -C. Dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100172.
Full textFrom the discoveries at Châteaubleau (Seine-et-Marne, France), this thesis approaches the imitation coinages emitted in the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire during the second half of the 3rd century A. D. This work is particularly involved in the difficult questions of status and localization of production units, among which the famous unofficial mint under Postumus referred to as “atelier II”. After having established some recognition criterions of a monetary officina, a corpus of 50 mints has been built up, 37 of them dating from the last quarter of the 3rd century A. D. Synthesis of collected information and especially analysis of numismatic artefacts informs on motives which led to the setting of mints as well as on the metrology associated to their products. It definitely concludes to a fraudulent nature for denarii and antoniniani cast in clay moulds but also struck on silvered flans. As for barbarous radiates, the territory where they were emitted is equivalent to the one corresponding to their main circulation: Brittaniae, Germaniae, Gallia Belgica and Gallia Lugdunensis, an area that will correspond some years later to the dioceses of Galliae and Brittaniae. This reality led to suggest an agreement between the administrations of these six provinces in order to establish a common coinage to cope with a strong lack of official money. This thesis finally suggest to identify the officinae of Châteaubleau as “atelier II” from which it tries to identify instigators as well as the main features of its coinage, including quantities of coins produced, facilities and associated staff
Roy, Philippe. "La réception du culte de Mithra en Italie et dans les provinces occidentales de l’Empire romain (Ier – IVe siècle)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20068.
Full textThe worship of Mithra finished settling down in the Roman Empire in the IIIth century. He prospered for a period of transfer of the religious practices. By dispensing by initiation an access to its rites, by applying theatralized tests of progress, by imposing the secret and by causing a relational experience with his god, his religious proposal joined the phenomenology of the antique mysteries. Mithra was received on Roman territory and in the western provinces of the Empire by men of varied geographical and ethnic horizons, but gathered by common characters as for their social and cultural standing. The motives which attracted them were able to be the attraction of a community network, the search for an existential valuation in this interactive network, the access to a spiritual initiation in an advanced cultural context or maybe the curiosity. The initiatory expressions transcribed by mithraea symbolize the liberation of the individual in the world, without advocating of questioning of the social order. Even if it lived to the rank of private or foreign cults in the imperial system, with a god of oriental origin, but rather staged under an orientalized shape, with a Greek mystical structure and a Stoic ethic, it results from this research that we have to consider the cult of Mithra in the West under the susceptible angle of a Roman cult, but with already, in this period of transformation, a strong propensity in the universality
Le, Guennec Marie-Adeline. "L'accueil mercantile dans l'Occident romain : Aubergistes et clients (IIIe s. av. J.-C.-IVe s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3047.
Full textThe research presented in this study is based in the context of Roman Antiquity, and is concerned with the commercial provision of temporary accommodation and/or catering, with consumption taking place on the premises. In this study, I focus on the western part of the Roman Empire over a long period of time: from the middle-republican period to early Late Antiquity (IIIrd century B.C.-IVe century AD). I shed light on the fact that in spite of social and cultural prejudices against the commercial accommodation industry (emanating especially from members of the elite who preferred to use free hospitality networks when they were abroad), this activity played a crucial role in the development of human mobility through the Western Roman world. The first chapter is dedicated to a lexical approach to this activity, and is aimed at clarifying the limits of the object of research and at introducing some of the cultural issues of this topic. In the second chapter, I develop a global analysis of the textual and archaeological corpus, and propose a definition in a Roman point of view of the activity studied, mostly associated with the generic figure of the caupo (the innkeeper in a broad perspective). The third chapter addresses the economic and commercial behaviour of the professionals involved in the accommodation business, and the juridical frame of their activity. The fourth and fifth chapters focus on both the professionals and their patrons; the approach taken considers their social and juridical statuses, and the representations of which they were the object
Segard, Maxence. "Les Alpes occidentales à l'époque romaine : développement urbain et exploitation des ressources des régions de montagne : Italie, Gaule Narbonnaise, provinces alpines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10063.
Full textGomez, Carole. "Mater Deum et Isis : pratiques cultuelles et processus d'interaction dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain (Ier-IIIe s. p.C.)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20113.
Full textIn contact with Hellenistic and Roman civilization, the cults of Mater Deum and Isis gradually spread outside their territories of origin. They entered the Vrbs in the last centuries of the Republic, and then gradually spread to the entire Roman world, and during the first three centuries of our era, to the western provinces of the Empire. To study the multiple mechanisms that governed their introduction, it was necessary to move away from a century-old historiographical legacy and turn to more recent analytical concepts. The comparative approach used consists in apprehending the cults of the goddesses in a triple context, territorial, human and divine, which has conditioned their introduction and explains the diversity of their practices. Each space has its own characteristics, but the Roman administrative network in which they are inserted has largely contributed to their introduction. The diversified practices of their cults were supported by a vast network of actors, whose identities are multiple. It is then necessary to analyse these practices from the point of view of the individuals – both human and social – in action. Therefore, their variations appear to be the result of processes of individualisation and individuation. The appropriation strategies employed by the devotees also generate the multiplicity of divine identities, perceptible through the onomastic used to designate them, but also through the divine network in which they are inserted. The relevance of this study is to evaluate how the multiple interactions and social processes at the origin of Isiac and Metroac cultual practices have contributed to create the identities of the deities and of the societies from which they are the product. These cults reflect an undeniable form of Romanity, but they are nevertheless the result of local contexts, produced by societies and individuals, questioning then in a larger way the effervescence of ancient polytheistic systems
En contacto con la civilización helenística y luego romana, los cultos de Mater Deum e Isis se extendieron gradualmente fuera de sus territorios de origen. Entraron en la Vrbs en los últimos siglos de la República, y luego se extendieron a todo el mundo romano, y durante los tres primeros siglos de nuestra era, a las provincias occidentales del Imperio. Para estudiar los múltiples mecanismos que han regido su introducción, fue necesario alejarse de un legado historiográfico centenario y pasar a conceptos analíticos más recientes. El enfoque comparativo utilizado consiste en aprehender los cultos de las diosas según un triple contexto, territorial, humano y divino, que ha condicionado sus implantaciones y explica la diversidad de prácticas que les conciernen. Cada espacio tiene sus propias características, pero la red administrativa romana de la que forman parte ha condicionado en gran medida el arraigo de sus cultos, cuyas prácticas diversificadas fueron apoyadas por una vasta red de actores con múltiples identidades. Es necesario entonces analizar estas prácticas desde el punto de vista de los individuos -humanos o sociales- en acción. Por lo tanto, sus numerosas variaciones parecen ser el resultado de procesos combinados de individualización e individuación. Las estrategias de apropiación desplegadas por los devotos también generan la multiplicidad de identidades divinas, perceptibles a través de la onomástica utilizada para designarlas, pero también a través de la red divina en la que las insertan. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo las múltiples interacciones y procesos sociales al origen de las prácticas cultuales metróacas e isiacas han contribuido a alimentar las identidades de las deidades y de las sociedades de las que son producto. Al final, si bien estos cultos reflejan una forma innegable de romanidad, son, sin embargo, el resultado de contextos locales, sociedades e individuos, lo que induce un cuestionamiento más amplio sobre la efervescencia de los antiguos sistemas politeístas
Taiuti, Aurora. "Représenter la femme à la fin de la République." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL090.
Full textThe statues of roman women during the end of the Republic and the first decades of the Empire were far more diversified than what previous scholars have claimed so far. Thanks to two-hundred and four female statues on round and high-reliefs collected from the west provinces of the roman Empire, the classifications proposed in the previous studies are retreated in order to stress the existence of a rich group of variations, which were different from the hellenistic statue types or from those which had been introduced during the imperial period. This variations are fundamental for the understanding of the relations between the different regions of the Empire as is the knowledge of traditional handicrafts, which were still heterogeneous in spite of the hellenization of roman art in the roman Republic. Moreover, this study of female honorific statues stresses the difference between the private and the official levels: on the contrary of masculine honorific sculpture, the first female statues from honorific context don't strictly reproduce the types and the facial features of female members of the Domus Augusta. The importance of this study resides in the peculiarity of this period of transition that, lying between the hellenistic and the imperial eras, represents a key moment for the elaboration of the image of the roman woman
de, Bruyn Gabriel. "Imago principum, imago deorum : Recherches sur les statues impériales et divines dans les cités d’Afrique (Ier – Ve siècles ap. J.-C.)." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1023.
Full textThis thesis deals with imperial and divine statues in the cities of North Africa from the 1st to the 5th century CE. By confronting epigraphic and statuary evidences, the aim is to understand the role and impact of these images in provincial public spaces. The first part focuses on understanding the mechanisms for disseminating and receiving an iconographic language principally elaborated by the center of power. The problem of the role of local elites in the representation of power is crucial here. The second part aims to replace the statues in their spatial and monumental context, in order to understand the articulation of these images in a political, religious and social discourse, that expresses civic identities in the context of Roman Empire. A final part is devoted to the issues raised by imperial and divine statues in Late Antiquity, in the context of the Christianization of imperial power and African cities. These include the problem of the disappearance of statues of urban landscapes, which is discussed with a particular attention to the chronology and the actors of the phenomenon. The different attitudes towards statues, that can be found in legal sources, literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidences principally reveal their identity function as objects symbolizing the continuity of traditional civic life or as supports of violences intended to mark the rupture with the past
Parisot-Sillon, Charles. "Neruus Belli. Argent monnayé, guerre et intégration en Occident nord-méditerranéen (c. 200-c. 40 a.C.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE3166.
Full textThis research deals with the characterization of the military functions and uses of silver coinages in the Northwestern Mediterranean during the 2nd-1st centuries BC. It aims to assess the monetary and financial aspects of the wars fought by the Roman people in Gaul and Northern Iberia, as well as the political, economic and cultural relations between the conqueror and local communities. By doing so, we wish to identify the defining features of monetary integration as it has been experienced within the Western possessions of the Roman Republic, through the part played by each allied community in the conquest.It is the result of a pluridisciplinary approach which combines historical, archaeological and archaeometrical studies. A sample of 945 Roman, Greek, Celtic and Iberian silver coins has been measured with LA-ICP-MS in the IRAMAT-Centre Ernest-Babelon in Orléans. The results enable us to shed a new light on the metrological relations between these coinages, as well as on the mints’ silver supplying strategies and the whole view about the circulation of silver coins and bullion in the Northwestern Mediterranean
Ben, Messaoud Fadhila. "Titulature et pouvoir de l’empereur Trajan dans les provinces de l’Occident romain d’après l’épigraphie et la statuaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH035/document.
Full textThrough the analysis of the epigraphic and statuary evidence that relates to emperor Trajan in the cities of the western provinces, my objective is to determine the various forms of expression of allegiance and loyalty of the provincials towards him . The presence of Trajan through these two forms of expression usually privileged for imperial propaganda is very significant. It is due to several factors: Trajan is originally from Italica, in Betic, He is the first provincial to take power in Rome; then he is called Best of Princes; and he was a great soldier and a good administrator during a long reign of 19 years and a half. He was therefore honored by many epigraphic documents erected on the fora of provincial cities, accompanied by statues, on foot, or equestrian. He is a prince well known also in literature and numismatics. All these testimonies show that he is the first emperor whose title will be enriched with various attributes throughout his reign; he is Optimus princeps, the first Dacicus, the first Parthicus, but also the first to have worn the title Proconsul, outside Rome.This imperial title first established in Rome and then sent to the provinces is a rich and varied subject of study to make comparisons between the provinces and the cities themselves. This seems thanks feasible to a systematic inventory of epigraphic books allowing us to list 316 inscriptions mentioning the Emperor Trajan. This emperor not only renewed certain aspects said republicans but also preserved the Augustan model perceptible through its denomination in which Imperator Caesar is quoted constantly at the head of the imperial sequence. But the innovations of Trajan are important and will mark the imperial history for a long time, as the inauguration of a new computary tribune set to 10 December of each year, instead of a variable computary marked the entire first century. He has only been in the consulate five times and for very long periods. By this practice he has restored to imperial power its importance; He presents himself as the true father for his fellow citizens, in Rome as well as throughout the empire. In short, the Emperor's formula finds its definitive appearance from the reign of Trajan
Hasegawa, Takashi. "Les commerçants et les transporteurs dans la société des provinces gauloises et germaniques de l'Empire Romain (Ier siècle avant n. è. - IIIè siècle de n. è.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30065/document.
Full textWith my dissertation, I aim to examine the role and influence of merchants and transporters in the society of Gallic and Germanic provinces of the Early Roman Empire and the relationships between them and other social agents like local notables. Developing my previous researches about rapports between local élite and Gallic merchants as well as relationships among the latter, and broadening the scope of research, I intend to reply to following question: - How did those who were related to economic activities, including transporters and landowners, participate in trade? Certainly, we are aware of many studies on merchants in the northwestern provinces. However, we can make two remarks. On the one hand, certain scholars give particular importance to the issues related to traders as a social group rather than to relationships between different people, either relationships among merchants or those between them and other social agents. On the other hand, some researchers, who include the Gallic provinces in their scopes of research, seem to engage in discussions based on sources mainly from commercial centers like Ostia and Lyon. But one may wonder if it is always possible to generalize the results got at these important commercial hubs because of their singular character and their documentation. In this research situation and in the provincial context, my study aims to better understand the social nature and function of participants in commercial activities, but also the characteristics of the society of the northwest provinces. More specifically, while continuing to examine the relationships between skilled people and élite, I analyze the rapports among the skilled themselves. For this purpose, I study in detail inscriptions concerned with merchants or transporters in the provinces of Gaul and Germania, taking into account archaeological sources
Villaret, Alain. "Les dieux augustes dans l'Occident romain : un phénomène d'acculturation." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR3ET01/document.
Full textAugustan Gods, mainly known through epigraphy, commonly bestowed with the Imperial title Augustus/a as an epithet, are part of the « imperial cult » and represented a threefold political, religious and social acculturation. « Augustalization » does refer to the emperor but in that case he couldn’t be considered as an incarnate god or even be seen as protected by the gods. It implied a synergy between the gods and the emperor who stood as their mediator, remaining close to men. The exclusive term Augustus/a refers to Romulus, to the auspices of the imperator, to auctoritas which made the Prince legitimate. Although quite rare in the East augustan gods were commonly well-spread in the West, from Augustus’s reign until the early years of the IVth century. The Roman gods chosen for augustalization were not really the political divinities which might be expected to be found but more likely benevolent gods protecting the cities and their inhabitants. Under the gods carrying Roman names we can discover numerous native divinities which had been reinterpreted (interpretatio romana) and which, with the purely indigenous gods, keep their local roots. With a particular suppleness augustalization integrated into the Empire all these provincial identities. Characteristic of all the backgrounds influenced by romanization, augustalization was first and foremost used by the municipal elite, who, through their evergetism, spread it in the rural areas but mainly among the urban population, thus strenghtening their legitimacy. Augustales and rich freedmen, quick to imitate elite, spread it among the rest of the population. High-ranking officials and officers stayed in the background. Constantly present in all the urban areas augustan gods concentrated their presence in civic centres and other loci celeberrimi where the strenth of the political power was obviously seen. Urban scenographies and ceremonies reveal the consensus of all the members of a strong social hierarchy structured around the emperors seen as the direct go-betweens to the gods. Augustalization made the power even more sacred and legitimate and gathered around its symbolic representation an acculturated society with its manyfold identities
Andrès, Sarah. "L'hermès à portrait dans l'Occident romain : fonctions, contextes et significations." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL124.
Full textThis study aspires to acheive a catalog of portrait herms in the Roman West in order to apprehend the semantic meaning of this original figurative support. Erected since achairc times by the crossroads and doors of greek cities, herms become, under roman influence, pedestals for portraits and not only representations of divinity. Those portraits can be divided into two iconographical categories : retrospective ones reproducing features of historical figures such as Homer and Menander, and those of private citizens, sometimes dedicated to their Genius and raised in the atrium of their house. More than a simple stylistical and iconographical analysis of this corpus, this study tries to give an historical and cultural reading of thoses sculptures, from the workshop to their exhibition contexts. This approach must allow the depiction of all the actors involved in thoses dedications, the clarification of thematic choices as of the reasons for choosing these abbreviated images, the definition of their place in the private space of the Roman villas in the context of domestic cults or that of the otium
Dallies, Marie. "La formation intellectuelle de l'élite à Rome et en Occident (Ier-IIIe siècles apr. J.-C.) : représentations et réalités." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30058.
Full textThe political and intellectual upheavals caused by the advent of Augustus’ Principate result, in the Early Empire, in a new definition of the aims and functions assigned to the intellectual training of the Roman and Western elite. The development of judiciary and epidictic eloquence at the expense of political eloquence modifies traditional rhetorical teaching whereas philosophical learning is gaining importance within society thus favouring the teaching itself of philosophy. These changes bring several 100 and 200 A.D. authors to reflect upon the way of improving rhetorical and philosophical teaching. Meanwhile various initiatives are taken to spread these forms of knowledge throughout the Empire. By focusing on those who are in charge of the educational system – teachers and students – our research offers to examine how intellectual training develops in the Latin speaking regions in the Early Empire and to draw a map of rhetorical and philosophical teaching while getting to know these characters concretely through the study of their geographical and social backgrounds together with their mobility. Such realistic aspect goes with a survey of the representations of the two groups in imperial literature. Emphasis is laid in particular on the question of the education of the future emperors the documentation of whose lives is rich in order to examine whether the description of their education is altered by the memory that remains of their reign
Lamoine, Laurent. "Représentations et réalité du pouvoir local en Gaule romaine : substrat gaulois et modèle romain (IIe siècle avant J.-C. - IIIe siècle après J.-C.)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. https://hal.science/tel-04108234.
Full textVeber, Martin. ""In carcere eram et venistis ad me" : les secours aux prisonniers en Occident pendant l’Antiquité tardive du règne de Marc Aurèle au pontificat de Grégoire le Grand (fin IIe-VIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040189.
Full textIn the Late Antique West, prisoners are being helped in order to bear the bad conditions of their captivity or to be liberated. The inmates often receive visits and material as well as psychological support without any legal restriction. Yet, benefactors have often difficulties with the guards who take arbitrary decisions and are sometimes corrupted. Prison is no longer only a humiliating place because it is given a religious meaning by Christians during the persecutions. Captives are liberated, particularly by being redeemed, and profit from the postliminium legislation which allow them to recover their former juridical status. Nevertheless, they are from then on under the obligation to pay back their benefactor before they actually benefit by this right. If they can’t, they remain dependent on him. As for Roman authorities, they make of the return of captives without any compensation a non negotiable peace condition in order to show their total superiority. The progressive Christianization of the West make people show more interest for prisoners. From the beginning of the Vth century A. D., Captives, who become more and more numerous because of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, receive more help. Redeeming captives and taking care of them is now a part of the Church charity work, as well as supporting inmates, whether they are accused or condemned. Being promoted protectors of cities, bishops are dealing with this responsibility by rescuing and relieving prisoners. Thus, they strengthen their new social and political rank