Relevant bibliographies by topics / Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia"

1

Albano, Caterina. "Forgotten Images and the Geopolitics of Memory: The Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–6)." Cultural History 9, no. 1 (April 2020): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2020.0209.

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The Italo-Ethiopian war (1935–6) had a profoundly destabilising effect internationally and can be regarded as one of the events that led to the outbreak of the Second World War. Benito Mussolini's occupation of the country (then known as Abyssinia) was facilitated by the massive use of air power and chemical weapons – in ways that at the time were still unprecedented. Mussolini's chemical war, occurring in a country at the periphery of geopolitical spheres of interest, has remained marginal to established historical narratives, rendering it anachronistically topical to today's politics of memory. By examining two films based on archival film footage, respectively Lutz Becker's documentary The Lion of Judah, War in Ethiopia 1935–1936 (1975) and Yervant Gianikian and Angela Ricci Lucchi's video work Barbaric Land ( Paese barbaro, 2013), this article considers the significance of the moving image as a trace of events that have mostly remained visually undocumented and questions its relevance vis à vis today's mediated warfare and the ethics of images.
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Nesterova, T. P. "France and Attempt to Resolve the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict in Late 1935: the Hoare–Laval Plan." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-8-398-411.

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The article is devoted to the policy of France towards Italy and Ethiopia at the initial stage of the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935—1936. It is shown that in the autumn of 1935, the French government took a position aimed at a peaceful settlement of the Italian-Ethiopian conflict at the expense of Ethiopia, since relations with Italy were much more important for France than relations with Ethiopia, and “real policy” required France to reach an agreement primarily with Italy. It is noted that a similar position was taken by the United Kingdom. It is indicated that this resulted in the formation of a plan for the settlement of the conflict, put forward in December 1935 by the head of the French government, Pierre Laval, and the British foreign Minister, Samuel Hoare. It is proved that the Hoare–Laval plan was an early form of the policy of “appeasement of the aggressor,” which became the leading direction of French and British foreign policy during the collapse of the Versailles system of international relations in 1938—1939. The research is based on publications of Soviet, French, Italian and Canadian diplomatic documents, League of Nations documents, memoirs of political figures of that era, as well as unpublished documents from the Archive of Publicistic Activity (Germany).
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Davidson, Jason. "Italy, British resolve and the 1935-1936 Italo-Ethiopian War." Cahiers de la Méditerranée, no. 88 (June 30, 2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cdlm.7428.

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Caprotti, Federico. "The invisible war on nature: the Abyssinian war (1935–1936) in newsreels and documentaries in Fascist Italy." Modern Italy 19, no. 3 (August 2014): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.925433.

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This contribution to the special issue focuses on newsreels and documentaries that were produced concerning the Second Italo–Ethiopian War (1935–1936), commonly known as the Abyssinian War. It aims to contextualise LUCE's filmic production on the war, so as to create a framework in which the institute can be understood not only as being part of a wider politics of propaganda in Fascist Italy, but as an example of a modern socio-technical organisation that enabled the discursive construction of East African nature as ‘Other’ and therefore helped to justify colonial war as a process of sanitised creative destruction aimed at replacing a previous, negative ‘first nature’ with a positive, Fascist and Italian ‘second nature’. The article draws on archival documents from Mussolini's government cabinet, and on LUCE documentaries and newsreels; these sources are used to create a background against which LUCE's concern with the Second Italo–Ethiopian War can be understood.
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Nesterova, T. P. "France, Italy and Diplomatic End of Italo-Ethiopian War in League of Nations (May—July 1936)." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 400–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-8-400-413.

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The article is devoted to the policy of France towards Italy and Ethiopia at the final stage of the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935—1936 and the question of the elimination of anti-Italian sanctions in the League of Nations. It was revealed that the great powers were mainly interested in restoring normal relations with Italy, while the defense of Ethiopia’s independence was only a “moral duty” for them, and in the clash of moral factors and real politics, the real interests of states won undoubtedly. It is argued that, taking ad-vantage of France’s interest in restoring stable Franco-Italian relations, Italy actually destroyed the political agreements of early 1935 and moved on to political rapprochement with Germany, which significantly changed the entire international situation in Europe and actually opened the way for the outbreak of World War II. In addition, for France, a significant political loss was the drop in the authority of the League of Nations, due to the helplessness of this organization in the face of aggression against one of the members of the League. The study is based on publications of Soviet, French, Italian and German diplomatic documents, documents of the League of Nations, memoirs of political figures of that era, as well as un-published documents from the Archives of the German Information Bureau (Germany).
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Kuzmin, Dmitrii. "The goals and objectives of Italy in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War: position in the League of Nations and propaganda." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 3 (March 2021): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.3.35147.

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This article gives an assessment one of the most notable episodes of the interwar period in the history of international relations – the development of Italian foreign policy in the context of the Italo-Ethiopian war. In the early 1935, Italy was ruled by the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. One of the cornerstones of his foreign policy paradigm was the creation of the “New Roman Empire”. One of the initial targets of his expansion were Ethiopia and the Mediterranean. Italy replenishes its military and economic resources; however, it was deficient to achieve the set foreign policy goals. Therefore, the war in Ethiopia became one of the key vector of Rome’s official diplomacy. The warfare also unfolded in the ideological context – propaganda, politics within the League of Nations, and interlocutory instructions to the diplomats. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence of comprehensive research on the topic. The relevance of lies the fact that the Russian historiography did not give due attention dedicated to the secret plans of Italy during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. However, namely the plans of Cesare De Vecchi and Emilio De Bono that shed light on the crucial nuance of the Italian diplomacy of this period, and allow to properly stress topic and priorities with regards to foreign policy. This the article analyzes the ration between the objectives in Ethiopia and the Mediterranean basin –the cornerstone task within the framework of building a New Roman Empire.
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Tafla, Bairu. "Rainer Baudendistel:Between Bombs and Good Intentions: The Red Cross and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.177.

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Baudendistel, Rainer. "Force versus law: The International Committee of the Red Cross and chemical warfare in the Italo-Ethiopian war 1935–1936." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 322 (March 1998): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090781.

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During World War I, chemical warfare agents were widely used for the first time on all major fronts with an unprecedented number of casualties, and immediately after the war attempts were made to outlaw this latest weapon. Responsibility for the drafting of specific laws fell to the League of Nations, reflecting the belief that this was a matter of concern for the whole world, not just for the victors in the war. On 17 June 1925, the Geneva Protocol for the prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and of bacteriological methods of warfare was signed by 26 States.3 It contained a categorical prohibition to resort to chemical and biological warfare. The signature of the Protocol raised high hopes of an effective ban on chemical warfare, but adherence progressed slowly. A number of States, visibly not trusting the Protocol to be implemented in the forthright manner suggested by the text, made major reservations.
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Orlović, David. "Celebrating Empire. Organization of "General Assemblies of the Forces of the Regime" 1935-6 in Italy's Province of Istria." Histria : the Istrian Historical Society review 4, no. 4 (2014): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/h2014.04.

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The author describes the preparation and implementation of mass rallies marking the beginning and the end of the Italian invasion of Ethiopia (October 1935 – May 1936) in Italy’s province of Istria. Relying on official regime representation of these events through the writing of the regime-affiliated press and confidential documents, the paper discusses the main organizational and ideological features of the mass rallies, with an emphasis on the manner in which the fascist authorities prepared them and the way they were presented in the press. Throughout the war, mass rallies and events of public ritual contributed to the homogenization of the Italian people, culminating in May 1936 with oceanic assemblies celebrating the victory, and achieving the closest state of unity of the people with the Fascist regime. The country-wide preparations for the “General Assembly of the Forces of the Regime” (Adunata generale delle forze del regime) that marked the beginning of the Italian invasion of Ethiopia were strictly implemented in the Province of Istria in line with the regime’s expectations, and the general population was urged to participate in the mass demonstrations that were believed to have been marking the events of utmost historical significance. The preparations for the Assembly went to the minimal detail, ensuring the participation of every Fascist Party member in the event, while the local daily journal Corriere Istriano motivated the wide masses for this huge event. The Gathering took place in the late afternoon of October 2nd 1935, and both archival documents and the press (focusing on the provincial capital of Pula) emphasized the alleged utmost euphoria and enthusiasm that the event provoked, especially in its dimension of adoration of the Italian leader Benito Mussolini. The gatherings in the so-called “Radiant African May” (Maggio radioso africano) in Istria in 1936 formed an incessant period of mobilization and celebration from May 5th (after the announcement of the capture of the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa) up to May 10th (after the proclamation of the Empire). In contrast to the initial grand adunata on October 2nd 1935, these gatherings were more hastily prepared but were again ideologically organized and controlled from the government’s centre in Rome. Two main gatherings (May 5th and May 9th) involved the listening to Mussolini’s speeches through speakers put in public places, one of which was the huge Roman-era Amphitheatre in Pula. Besides that, the gatherings followed an already established pattern of forming processions and playing music that captivated the people gathered until early morning hours. The events occurred in the whole Province, and local police were asked to report to the Prefecture in Pula in detail about the gatherings on each locality.
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Zewde, Bahru. "Rainer Baudendistel. Between Bombs and Good Intentions: The Red Cross and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. New York: Berghahn Books, 2006. xviii + 342 pp. Photographs. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $80.00. Cloth." African Studies Review 50, no. 2 (September 2007): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2007.0127.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia"

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Courriol, Marie-France. "Cinéma et expérience totalitaire : le laboratoire du genre du film de guerre dans l'Italie fasciste (1935-1943)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30047.

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Cette thèse analyse les films de guerre de fiction produits dans l’Italie fasciste de 1935 à 1943, de la Guerre d’Ethiopie à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle démontre que le genre de guerre fonctionne comme un laboratoire pour l’entreprise de révolution anthropologique de l’Italie, inhérente à l’expérience totalitaire fasciste. Ce modèle cinématographique et social est en effet célébré comme devant s’étendre à l’ensemble du monde cinématographique italien, et ses caractéristiques à l’écran sont censées fournir l’image d’une société fasciste idéale.Après avoir analysé la mise en place du film de guerre italien dans ses discours, ses institutions et ses circulations internationales, ce travail examine les réponses de la production cinématographique. Il se clôt sur la perception du genre de guerre, ses spectateurs, sa réception et sa publicité. Il montre que les films de guerre de la période forment un lieu où coexistent de nombreux objectifs servant des groupes variés. Reposant en grande partie sur des archives d’Etat et de cinéastes, ce travail se concentre sur des études de cas de producteurs (Scalera, Bassoli Film), de réalisateurs (Goffredo Alessandrini, Mario Camerini, Francesco De Robertis, Augusto Genina, Romolo Marcellini, Roberto Rossellini), de scénaristes (Asvero Gravelli, Gian Gaspare Napolitano) et de réception de films particuliers. Cette étude des réponses multiples aux demandes d’un système totalitaire en formation dans le champ cinématographique entend contribuer au débat historiographique sur l’adhésion populaire au fascisme, en en élargissant les paramètres. En outre, bien que le genre joue un rôle central dans le développement de l’industrie cinématographique nationale, ce travail démontre cependant la nécessité d’interpréter ces films en termes transnationaux et non comme simples produits politiques et nationaux
This thesis analyses the fictional war films produced in Fascist Italy from 1935 to 1943, from the Ethiopian war to the end of WWII. It argues that this genre functioned as a laboratory for the anthropological renewal of Italy in the Fascist totalitarian experiment. Fascist critics celebrated it as a cinematic and social model that had to be applied to the whole Italian film world, and whose on-screen features were to become the mirror image of an ideal Fascist society. After tracing the foundations of the Italian war film genre (critical debates, international circulation), the thesis interrogates the positioning of film professionals in relation to Fascist cultural policies. Lastly, it redefines the genre in terms of its interactions with Italian viewers and through advertisement. This thesis shows that war films of the period constitute a contested site serving multiple purposes for multiple groups. Relying primarily on archival material from Italy’s state archives and filmmakers’ private papers, this work presents several case studies of producers (Scalera, Bassoli Film), directors (Goffredo Alessandrini, Mario Camerini, Francesco De Robertis Augusto Genina, Romolo Marcellini, Roberto Rossellini), screenwriters (Asvero Gravelli, Gian Gaspare Napolitano) and reception of specific films. A study of the multiple responses to the demands of an aspiring totalitarian system, both from the point of view of film consumption and filmmaking, contributes to the historiographical debate on Fascism by broadening the parameters of the longstanding debate on popular consent for the regime. In addition, this work demonstrates the need to interpret these films in a transnational perspective and not as mere political and national products
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Books on the topic "Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia"

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Longo, Luigi Emilio. La campagna italo-etiopica (1935-1936). Roma: Stato maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio storico, 2005.

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Sbacchi, Alberto. Legacy of bitterness: Ethiopia and fascist Italy, 1935-1941. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997.

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Kali-Nyah, Imani. Italy's war crimes in Ethiopia, 1935-1941: Evidence for the war crimes commission. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: Ethiopian Holocaust Remembrance Committee, 2000.

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Church and missions in Ethiopia during the Italian occupaion. Addis Ababa: Artistic Printing Enterprise, 2014.

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Sudditi coloniali: Ascari eritrei 1935-1941. Milano: F. Angeli, 2005.

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Gargiullo, Idealmo. L' Italie & l'Ethiopie de 1935-1936. [Lausanne: Payot, 1986.

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Hilton, Andrew. The Ethiopian patriots: Forgotten voices of the Italo-Abyssinian War, 1935-41. Gloucestershire: Spellmount, 2007.

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Chen, Zhongyi. Yi A wen ti yu er ci shi jie da zhan. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.

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Colloredo, Pierluigi Romeo Di. Passo Uarieu: Le termopili delle camicie nere in Etiopia. [Genova]: Associazione culturale Italia, 2008.

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Thomas Leiper Kane Collection (Library of Congress. Hebraic Section), ed. Legacy of bitterness: Ethiopia and fascist Italy, 1935-1941. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Ethiopia"

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Sbacchi, Alberto. "Poison Gas and Atrocities in the Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1936)." In Italian Colonialism, 47–56. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8158-5_5.

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Rochat, Giorgio. "The Italian Air Force in the Ethiopian War (1935–1936)." In Italian Colonialism, 37–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8158-5_4.

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Meriwether, James H. "ETHIOPIA: The Italo-Ethiopian War and Reconceptualizing Contemporary Africa, 1935–1936." In Proudly We Can Be Africans, 27–56. University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807860410_meriwether.5.

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Ross, Red. "Black Americans and Italo-Ethiopian Relief 1935-1936." In Race and U.S. Foreign Policy from 1900 through World War II, 164–73. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203822432-9.

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Clarke, J. Calvitt. "Soviet Appeasement, Collective Security and the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935 and 1936." In Collision of Empires, 261–86. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315572727-12.

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Hofmann, Reto. "Imperial Convergence: The Italo-Ethiopian War and Japanese World-Order Thinking, 1935–1936." In The Fascist Effect, 89–108. Cornell University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453410.003.0005.

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"4. Imperial Convergence: The Italo- Ethiopian War and Japa nese World- Order Thinking, 1935–1936." In The Fascist Effect, 89–108. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801456367-006.

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"13 Ethiopia in Swedish Press in the Run-up to the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935/36." In Locating the Global, 315–28. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110670714-013.

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Scott, William R. "Black Nationalism and the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict 1934–1936." In Race and U.S. Foreign Policy from 1900 through World War II, 134–50. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203822432-7.

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"The Ethiopian War, 1935–36." In Mussolini, 129–47. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315750736-7.

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